SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n....

26
SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM N. Stankiewicz (LeRC) L.R. Barnett (Analex Corp.) JA Dayton, Jr (LeRC)

Transcript of SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n....

Page 1: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

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N.

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nkie

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z (L

eRC

)L

.R.

Bar

net

t (A

nal

ex C

orp

.)JA

Dayto

n, Jr

(L

eR

C)

Page 2: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

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Page 3: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

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MIT

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Page 4: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

SUBM

ILLI

MET

ER B

ACKW

ARD

-WAVE

OSC

ILLA

TORS

3 PR

OBL

EMS: 1) F

ABRIC

ATIO

N T

ECH

NIQ

UE

FOR I

NTE

RD

IGIT

AL L

INE

-H

IGH

IM

PED

ENCE

CIR

CUIT

, H

ENCE

-LO

WER

STA

RT

CU

RREN

T, A

ND

- WID

ER B

AND

WID

TH-

LOW

ER B

EAM

VO

LTAG

E

2) H

EAT T

RAN

SFER

PRO

BLE

M-

DIA

MO

ND

TYP

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A H

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3) L

IFET

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PRO

BLEM

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LIF

E CATH

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E

Page 5: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

100

60

60

40

20

CompressedUnscraped Beara

IlliiITIMIll 111111111111ScrapedCompressed -21,,_111,„.„„,„1111..1111..11111.„„1111,„.111111

-441°411.11111111111111Beam EMINININIMMEINEEE

111110.3.9 _ _RF_field --ife distanceMitunsiiii

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600 GI-1zGH7miiiiiiilllien'.BIWA 11111111111111111111111111111uria 1111111arm,Frijigur, Scraped

UncompressedBeam

NEEElla

/M11111.1111 1111111111111111111111

120

Second International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology Page 501

1

10 15 20 25 30Distance above circuit, Fra

Fig. 2. Calculated beam current densities beforeand after circuit interception (scraped).

Page 6: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

Fig

. 7.

The

mul

tiel

ectr

ode

lens

com

pens

ated

gun

for

the

fir

stex

peri

men

t w

ith

calc

ulat

ed e

lect

ron

traj

ecto

ries

.

Ano

de 4

4000

VAnode

I10

00 V

Ano

de 2

2154

VAno

de 3

4000

V

Ano

dele

ns

Com

pens

atin

gle

ns

Cat

hode

Ele

ctro

nra

ys 7

—--

-100 V

Equip

ote

ntial

offsets

Page 7: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

ELECTRON PENCIL BEAMSCRAPED INTO A

SHEET BEAM

INTER-DIGITALBWO CIRCUIT

FABRICATED ONDIAMOND SUBSTRATE

Second International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology Page 503

CONFIGURATION OF ELECTRON BEAM WITH RESPECT TO BWO CIRCUIT

Fig. 1. Configuration of the electron beamwith respect to the BWO circuit.

Page 8: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

11.1

111

111

ALU

MIN

UM

ME

TA

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ED

CR

YS

TA

LLIN

E Q

UA

RT

Z7 0

A/I

M X

5M

A4

X 5

0M

Ad

I ON

BE

AM

AS

SIS

TE

D E

TC

HIN

G M

ET

AL

ION

G

8

00

0 u

M

= 2

2uM

W =

22uM

(f ) L

=ll8

uM

T =

ME

TA

L T

HIC

KN

ES

Sr, )4

.0 u

M BW

O2B

JUL

Y 1

3, 1

98

9

00u Fig

. 14. D

raw

ing o

f 200-2

50 G

HJz

backw

ard

-wave o

scil

lato

r in

terd

igit

al

line a

s use

d t

o m

ake c

ircuit

s.

Page 9: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

2. 0 3.0

220 gr

0.5

0.01 . 0

200

180

Second International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology Page 505

Voltage, kVFig. 19. Theoretical and experimental starting current for the aluminum

metalized crystalline quartz circuit shown in Fig. 14.

2802.0

-41). Relative Power

1.5 -4"" Frequency 260

ta4

240 C.:C.a 1.0

Voltage, kVFig. 20. Tuning curve and power output curve for the aluminum

metalized crystalline quartz circuit shown in Fig. 14.

Page 10: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

LIN

EA

RS

LOT

AN

TE

NN

AB

OT

H E

ND

S

11.2

°

ALU

MIN

UM

ME

TA

L1Z

ED

CR

YS

TA

LLIN

E Q

UA

RT

Z70

A4A

4 X

5 M

M X

50M

A,/1

QUA

RTZ

UNET

CFIE

D

8000

LIM

JLJLiL

flU

LLflW

JJJL

nrin

nnni

nii

22 u

M1

4/

= 2

2 u

ML

= 1

18

uM

T =

ME

TA

L T

HIC

KN

ES

S3.

8 uM

(X)

ct0

Cri

C:0

01V

030

JUL

Y 1

3, 1

98

9

Fig

. 23.

Dra

win

g o

f al

um

inu

m m

etal

ized

cry

stal

lin

e q

uar

tz c

ircu

itw

ith h

orn

an

ten

na

for

try

ing

op

tica

l ex

per

imen

t.

Page 11: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

ALU

MIN

UM

ME

TALI

ZED

CR

YS

TALL

INE

QU

AR

TZ10

MM

X 5

MM

X .5

0MM

25 U

hf S

LIT

BE

AM

SC

RA

PE

R

8000

uM

QUA

RTZ

TOP

DIE

LEC

TRIC

CH

IP

11.2

'

LIN

EA

RS

LOT

AN

TEN

NA

BO

TH E

ND

S

S =

22 u

MW

= 2

2 u

lvl

L =

11

8 W

OT

= M

ET

AL

TH

ICK

NE

SS

3.8

al

9 M

M H

EM

ISP

HE

RIC

AL

SA

PP

HIR

E L

EN

S

.0

01

" M

ICA

14/

A/0

01V

//=

ZE

ZM

g

. 25

"

Fig

. 24.

Sch

emat

ic d

iag

ram

of

the

circ

uit

, le

ns,

an

d w

ind

ow

confi

gu

rati

on

fo

r th

e o

pti

cal

exp

erim

ent.

WO5C

JULY

13,

198

9

Page 12: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

265 GHz

Design Point

\ Linear DispersionTheoretical Curve Et

----- 127,3 GHz

1

300

150

100

250

200

Page 508 Second International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology

1 2 3

Beam Voltage, kV

Fig 25. Quartz substrate BWO frequency versus beam voltage.

Page 13: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

-,,,und International Symposium on Space Te ahertz Technology Page 509

-200.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Beam Voltage,kV

Fig. 26. Quartz sub3trateB0ou put.

Page 14: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

11. 2

°

ALU

MIN

UM

ME

TA

L1Z

ED

2A D

IAM

ON

D10

MA

4 X

5M

A4

X .

50

MM

ETC

I1ED

DIE

LEC

TRIC

LIN

EA

RS

LOT

AN

TE

NN

AB

OT

H E

ND

S. 8

00

0 u

M

= 2

0.2

uM

W =

20

.2 u

M=

92.2

LIM

T =

ME

TA

L T

HIC

KN

ES

S2.0

LIM

= E

TC

H D

EP

TH

= 5

2uM

Fig

. 2

7.

Dra

win

g o

f al

um

inu

m m

eta

lize

d e

tch

ed d

iam

on

d c

ircu

it w

ith

tap

ered

slo

t an

ten

na.

Page 15: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

25 u

M S

LIT

BE

AM

SC

RA

PE

R

QU

AR

TZ

10P

DIE

LE

CT

RIC

CH

IP

ALU

MIN

UM

MET

ALI

ZED

2A D

IAM

ON

DL

INE

AR

IOM

M X

5A4Af X

.50M

A4

SL

OT

ETC

HED

DIE

LEC

TRIC

AN

TE

NN

AB

OT

H E

ND

S80

00 L

ila

S 20.2

uki

IV =

20.

2 uM

L =

92.2

uAi

I M

E rAL

TH

ICK

NE

SS

2.0

ukf

= E

TC

H D

EPT

H

52 u

Al

tr,

co tn tz)

rfttl, -rt

co ta:

7: 34

9 M

M H

EM

ISP

HE

RIC

AL

SA

PP

HIR

E L

EN

S

.25•

11

.2'

Lt

.001

MIC

A W

IND

OW

ffM

EE

EZ

ZE

1

Fig

. 28. S

chem

ati

c d

iagra

m o

f th

e c

ircuit

, le

ns,

and w

indow

confi

gura

tion f

or

the d

iam

ond e

xperi

ment.

Page 16: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

311.5 GHz

Page 572 Second International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology

400

Tuning Band = 77.7%

Center Freq. = 224 GHz

Linear DispersionTheoretical Curve Fit

1003 4

Beam Voltage, kV

Fig. 29. Diamond substrate BWO tuning. Experimentalfrequency versus beam voltage.

6

Page 17: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

Rela

tive P

ow

er,

(1

11

Page 18: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

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Page 19: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

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100

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Page 20: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

41.

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Page 21: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

Cr)

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Page 22: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

Page 518 Second International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology

Page 23: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

Second International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology Page 519

cr)

CD

LAB6 GN2; POT = 09900,3000; (CATH R=025 MM)

CY`

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200 0,cocr-

Page 24: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

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Page 25: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

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Page 26: SUBMILLIMETER BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR PROGRAM …submillimeter backward-wave oscillator program n. stankiewicz (lerc) l.r. barnett (analex corp.) ja dayton, jr (lerc) submillimeter

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