Subjunctive in Context To set up the subjunctive there are three things that must be in the...

Subjunctive in Context

To set up the subjunctive there are threethings that must be in the sentence.

1. One of the setup words

2. The word “que”

3. A subject change


Sugerimos que ellos coman más vegetales.

Setup word:

we suggest

que:

that

ellos:

subject change

“coman” – they eat

This is the subjunctive conjugation. They may or may not do it, even though we suggest that they do it.


Recomiendo que tú hagas la tarea.

Setup word:

I recommend que:

that

tú:

subject change

“hagas” = you do

This is the subjunctive conjugation. You may or may not do it, even though I recommend that you do it.


Ella quiere que yo viva en España.Setup word:

she wants

que:

that

yo:

subject change

“viva” = I live (subjunctive)

I may or may not do it, even though she wants me to. Note: In English this would be, “She wants me to live in Spain. In Spanish the infinitive is not used, even though it sounds like it should be.

Subjunctive in ContextOjalá que entiendas bien esta lección.

(Hopefully you understand this lesson.)

Insistimos en que vosotros regreséis a tiempo.

(We insist that you all come back on time.)

Mi madre quiere que pongamos la mesa.

(My mather wants us to set the table.)

¿Sugieres que yo haga la tarea?

(Do you suggest that I give it to them?)

¿Esperáis que los Brown ganen el Super Bowl?

(Do you all hope that the Browns win the Super Bowl?)

Home

Forming the SubjunctiveIn order to conjugate a verb in the present subjunctive, you have to know well the conjugations of the present indicative (the present tense that you already know).

First: Use the “yo” form of the verb in the present tense.

hablo como vivo

Next: Drop the ‘o’

habl_ com_ viv_

Last: Add an opposite ending. This means for -ar verbs, use -er endings, and for -er/-ir verbs, use -ar endings.

hable coma viva

Forming the SubjunctiveSubjunctive Verb Endings

-ar Verbs

-e -emos

-es -éis

-e -en

-er Verbs

-a -amos

-as -áis

-a -an

-ir Verbs

-a -amos

-as -áis

-a -an

Forming the SubjunctiveExamples of Regular Verbs

caminar

camine caminemos

camines caminéis

camine caminen

compartir

comparta compartamos

compartas compartáis

comparta compartan

comprender

comprenda comprendamos

comprendas comprendáis

comprenda comparendan

IRREGULAR VERBS

• Stem changing verbs

-ar and -er stem changing verbs still have no stem change for nosotros and vosotros in the present subjunctive. However, certain -ir verbs do. Note the following.

Forming the Subjunctive

acostarse (ue)

me acueste

te acuestes

se acueste

nos acostemos

os acostéis

se acuesten

preferir (ie / i)

prefiera

prefieras

prefiera

prefirimos

prefiráis

prefieran

poder (ue)

pueda

puedas

pueda

podamos

podáis

puedan

Forming the SubjunctiveA note about -ir verbs

Stem changing verbs ending in -ir have multiple stem changes. They are the only verbs that have stem changes in the preterit and present participle. Whenever you see two choices after an infinitive the first is for the present indicative and four conjugations of the subjunctive. The second is for the nosotros / vosotros form of the subjunctive, the preterit, and the present participle. See the following examples.

present indicative

me divierto nos divertimos

te diviertes os divertís

se divierte se divierten

preterit

me divertí nos divertimos

te divertiste os divertisteis

se divirtió se divirtieron

present subjunctive

me divierta nos divirtamos

te diviertas os divirtáis

se divierta se divierten

present participle

divirtiendo

divertirse (ie / i)

Forming the SubjunctiveHere are some other -ir stem changing verbs that have changes in the present indicative, present subjunctive, preterit, and present participle.

dormir (ue / u) = to sleep

medir (i / i) = to measure

mentir (ie / i) = to lie

morir (ue / u) = to die

pedir (i / i) = to aks for

preferir (ie / i) = to prefer

reírse (i / i) = to laugh

servir (i / i) = to serve

vestirse (i / i) = to get dressed

Verb Menu

Forming the SubjunctiveSpelling Changes for Pronunciation

Words ending with -gar / -car / -zar will have spelling changes in the present subjunctive in order to maintain pronunciation.

For example, what is the subjunctive of “pagar”?

If you follow the earlier steps, you would say “page”.

1) pescar = __________ 4) buscar = __________

2) pagar = __________ 5) apagar = __________

3) almorzar = __________ 6) organizar = __________

¿Cómo son similares los verbos arriba?

To fish

To pay for

To eat lunch

To look for

To turn off

To organize

Pescar

Buscar

Pagar

Apagar

Almorzar

Organizar

-CAR -GAR -ZAR

~Respeto al subjuntivo~

En formas, los verbos _______ tienen este cambio _________.



-CAR c > qu

-GAR g > gu

-ZAR z > c

TODAS

TODAS

TODAS


To solve this problem with -car verbs “que” is in their endings. Again, you may remember a similar change in the first conjugation of the preterit. However, in the subjunctive the spelling change is throughout all of the conjugations.

clasificar

clasifique clasifiquemos

clasifiques clasifiquéis

clasifique clasifiquen


To solve this problem verbs that end with -gar have “gue” in their endings. You may remember a similar change in the first conjugation of the preterit. However, in the subjunctive the spelling change is throughout all of the conjugations.

pagar

pague paguemos

pagues paguéis

pague paguen


The problem with -zar verbs is that the letters “ze” are never combined in Spanish. Whenever that happens, the z changes to c.

almorzar

almuerce almorcemos

almuerces almorcéis

almuerce almuercenVerb Menu

24

DD

II

SS

HH

EE

SS

DD

II

SS

HH

EE

SS

ar

r

er

aber

star

aber

dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den

vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan

sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean

haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan

esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén

sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan

Things to Keep in MindIf there is no subject change, then there is no subjunctive.

I want to go with you. Quiero ir contigo.

I want you to go with me. Quiero que vayas conmigo.

The second example uses the subjunctive because there is a subject change.

I can, I should, I need to, I have to, I want to, I’m going to, etc.

All of these are followed by an infinitive in Spanish if there is no subject change.

Don’t over think this. You knew how to do this in Spanish I.

Things to Keep in MindThere is no future subjunctive.

Again, using esperar (to hope) or ojalá (hopefully) can be tricky.

Ella espera que vengan. She hopes that they (will) come. (subjunctive)

Ojalá que él aprenda. Hopefully he (will) learn. (subjunctive)

Even though in English we would use the future tense, it isn’t used in these cases in Spanish. You can see that the two sentences above have two possible translations. Basically, if everything else tells you that you should use the subjunctive (setup verb / que / subject change) you should use it. But don’t forget...

We hope that we’ll be able to go. Esperamos poder ir. (infinitive)

If there is no subject change, don’t use the subjunctive.

Things to Keep in MindBe careful with “querer”.

As mentioned on previous slides, when a subjunctive sentence that uses “querer” is translated into English, the subjunctive verb is an infinitive. This confuses many students. In fact, it’s probably the #1 mistake that students make with the subjunctive. Note the following.

Quiero que ellos estudien más. I want them to study more.

Queremos que los niños se acuesten ahora. We want the kids to go to bed now.

¿Queréis que yo os lo dé? Do you guys want me to give it to you?

Sus padres quieren que ella saque la basura. Her parents want her to take out the trash.

Mi mamá quiere que sepamos la verdad. My mom wants us to know the truth.

Él quiere que tú seas simpático. He wants you to be nice.

Ellos no quieren que ella vaya. They don’t want her to go.

Mi papá quiere que yo ponga la mesa. My dad wants me to set the table.

Things to Keep in MindBe careful with “querer”.

It’s not always wrong to use an infinitive after querer.

Remember: If there is no subject change, there is no subjunctive.

I want to call them. Quiero llamarlos.

She wants to come. Ella quiere venir.

They want to have fun. Ellos quieren divertirse.

We want to laugh. Queremos reírnos

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