Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics
description
Transcript of Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics
![Page 1: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SubjectiveQuestion # 1
Kinetics
![Page 2: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A. Increase the rate CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
Increase temperature
Increase [HCl]
Add a Catalyst
Increase Surface Area of CaCO3
![Page 3: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
B. Measure the rate CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
![Page 4: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
B. Measure the rate CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
mass
![Page 5: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
B. Measure the rate CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
mass [HCl]
![Page 6: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
B. Measure the rate CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
mass [HCl] volume
![Page 7: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
B. Measure the rate CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
mass [HCl] volume [CaCl2]
![Page 8: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
B. Measure the rate CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
mass [HCl] volume [CaCl2] can’t
![Page 9: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
B. Measure the rate CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
mass [HCl] volume [CaCl2] can’t
over time
Measure the decrease in mass of an open container
Measure the increase in pressure of an closed container
![Page 10: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
C. Calculate the Rate
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
Mass (g) 82.07 81.84 81.71 81.66 81.64 81.63
Time (s) 0 15 30 45 60 75
1. Calculate the rate in grams HCl/min
![Page 11: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
C. Calculate the Rate
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
Mass (g) 82.07 81.84 81.71 81.66 81.64 81.63
Time (s) 0 15 30 45 60 75
1. Calculate the rate in grams HCl/min
![Page 12: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
C. Calculate the Rate CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
Mass (g) 82.07 81.84 81.71 81.66 81.64 81.63
Time (s) 0 15 30 45 60 75
1. Calculate the rate in grams HCl/min
(82.07 - 81.63) g CO2
75 s
![Page 13: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
C. Calculate the Rate CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
Mass (g) 82.07 81.84 81.71 81.66 81.64 81.63
Time (s) 0 15 30 45 60 75
1. Calculate the rate in grams HCl/min
(82.07 - 81.63) g CO2 x 1 mole 75 s 44.0 g
![Page 14: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
C. Calculate the Rate CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
Mass (g) 82.07 81.84 81.71 81.66 81.64 81.63
Time (s) 0 15 30 45 60 75
1. Calculate the rate in grams HCl/min
(82.07 - 81.63) g CO2 x 1 mole x 2 mole HCl 75 s 44.0 g 1 mole CO2
![Page 15: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
C. Calculate the Rate CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
Mass (g) 82.07 81.84 81.71 81.66 81.64 81.63
Time (s) 0 15 30 45 60 75
1. Calculate the rate in grams HCl/min
(82.07 - 81.63) g CO2 x 1 mole x 2 mole HCl x 36.5 g 75 s 44.0 g 1 mole CO2 1 mole
![Page 16: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
C. Calculate the Rate CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
Mass (g) 82.07 81.84 81.71 81.66 81.64 81.63
Time (s) 0 15 30 45 60 75
1. Calculate the rate in grams HCl/min
(82.07 - 81.63) g CO2 x 1 mole x 2 mole HCl x 36.5 g x 60 s = 0.56 g/min 75 s 44.0 g 1 mole CO2 1 mole 1 min
![Page 17: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
D. Collision Theory
More CollisionsHarder CollisionsLower Ea
![Page 18: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SubjectiveQuestion # 2Equilibrium
![Page 19: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
When 0.800 moles of SO2 and 0.800 moles of O2 are placed
into a 2.00 litre container and allowed to reach equilibrium, the equilibrium [SO3] is to be 0.300 M. Calculate the Keq
value.
2SO2 (g) + 1O2 (g) ⇋ 2SO3 (g)
![Page 20: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
When 0.800 moles of SO2 and 0.800 moles of O2 are placed
into a 2.00 litre container and allowed to reach equilibrium, the equilibrium [SO3] is to be 0.300 M. Calculate the Keq
value.
2SO2 (g) + 1O2 (g) ⇋ 2SO3 (g)
I
C
E
![Page 21: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
When 0.800 moles of SO2 and 0.800 moles of O2 are placed
into a 2.00 litre container and allowed to reach equilibrium, the equilibrium [SO3] is to be 0.300 M. Calculate the Keq
value.
2SO2 (g) + 1O2 (g) ⇋ 2SO3 (g)
I 0.400 M 0.400M 0
C
E 0.300 M
![Page 22: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
When 0.800 moles of SO2 and 0.800 moles of O2 are placed
into a 2.00 litre container and allowed to reach equilibrium, the equilibrium [SO3] is to be 0.300 M. Calculate the Keq
value.
2SO2 (g) + 1O2 (g) ⇋ 2SO3 (g)
I 0.400 M 0.400M 0
C -0.300 M -0.150 M +0.300 M
E 0.300 M
![Page 23: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
When 0.800 moles of SO2 and 0.800 moles of O2 are placed
into a 2.00 litre container and allowed to reach equilibrium, the equilibrium [SO3] is to be 0.300 M. Calculate the Keq
value.
2SO2 (g) + 1O2 (g) ⇋ 2SO3 (g)
I 0.400 M 0.400M 0
C -0.300 M -0.150 M +0.300 M
E 0.100 M 0.250 M 0.300 M
![Page 24: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
When 0.800 moles of SO2 and 0.800 moles of O2 are placed
into a 2.00 litre container and allowed to reach equilibrium, the equilibrium [SO3] is to be 0.300 M. Calculate the Keq
value.
2SO2 (g) + 1O2 (g) ⇋ 2SO3 (g)
I 0.400 M 0.400M 0
C -0.300 M -0.150 M +0.300 M
E 0.100 M 0.250 M 0.300 M
Equilibrium concentrations go in the equilibrium equation!
Keq = [SO3]2
[SO2]2[O2]
![Page 25: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
When 0.800 moles of SO2 and 0.800 moles of O2 are placed
into a 2.00 litre container and allowed to reach equilibrium, the equilibrium [SO3] is to be 0.300 M. Calculate the Keq
value.
2SO2 (g) + 1O2 (g) ⇋ 2SO3 (g)
I 0.400 M 0.400M 0
C -0.300 M -0.150 M +0.300 M
E 0.100 M 0.250 M 0.300 M
Equilibrium concentrations go in the equilibrium equation!
Keq = [SO3]2 (0.3)2
=[SO2]
2[O2] (0.1)2(0.25)
![Page 26: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
If 4.00 moles of CO, 4.00 moles H2O, 6.00 moles CO2, and
6.00 moles H2 are placed in a 2.00 L container at 670 oC,
Keq = 1.0CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇄ CO2(g) + H2(g)
Is the system at equilibrium?If not, how will it shift in order to get there?Calculate all equilibrium concentrations.
Get Molarities
2.00 M 2.00 M 3.00 M 3.00 M
Calculate a Kt
Kt = (3)(3) = 2.25(2)(2)
Not in equilibrium Shifts left!
![Page 27: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Do an ICE chart
CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇄ CO2(g) + H2(g)
I 2.00 M 2.00 M 3.00 M 3.00 MC +x +x -x -xE 2.00 + x 2.00 + x 3.00 - x 3.00 - x
Keq = (3 - x)2 = 1.0(2 + x)2
Square root3 - x = 1.02 + x 3 - x = 2 + x1 = 2xx = 0.50 M
[CO2] = [H2] = 3.00 - 0.50 = 2.50 M
[CO] = [H2O] = 2.00 + 0.50 = 2.50 M
![Page 28: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
SubjectiveQuestion # 3
Solubility
![Page 29: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
200.0 mL 0.10 M Pb(NO3)2 is mixed with 300.0 mL of 0.20 M
NaCl, will a precipitate occur? PbCl2(s) ⇌ Pb2+ + 2Cl-
200 0.10 M 300 0.20 M500 500
0.040 M 0.12 M
TIP = [Pb2+][Cl-]2
TIP = [0.040][0.12] 2
= 5.8 x 10-4
Ksp = 1.2 x 10-5 TIP > Ksp ppt forms
![Page 30: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Calculate the maximum number of grams BaCl2 that will dissolve in 0.50 L of 0.20 M AgNO3 solution.
AgCl(s) ⇄ Ag+ + Cl- 0.20 M
Ksp = [Ag+][Cl-]
1.8 x 10-10 = [0.20][Cl-]
[Cl-] = 9.0 x 10-10 M
BaCl2(s) ⇄ Ba2+ + 2Cl-
4.5 x 10-10 M 9.0 x 10-10 M
0.50 L x 4.5 x 10-10 mole x 208.3 g = 4.7 x 10-8 g1 L mole
![Page 31: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
PbCl2(s) ⇌ Pb2+ + 2Cl-
Ksp = 4s3
![Page 32: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
SubjectiveQuestion # 4 to 6
Acids
![Page 33: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
HCl Strong Acid HCl H+ + Cl-
0.10 M 0.10 MpH = -Log[H+] = 1.0 No ICE
HF Weak Acid HF ⇌ H+ + F-
I 0.10 M 0 0C x x xE 0.10 - x x x
small Kax2 = 3.5 x 10-4 x = 0.005916 M0.10
pH = -Log[0.005916] = 2.23
![Page 34: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
NaOH Strong Base Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH-
0.20 M 0.40 MpOH = -Log[OH-] = 0.40 No ICE
NH3 Weak Base NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH-
I 0.20 M 0 0C x x xE 0.20 - x x x
small Kbx2 = Kb = Kw = 1.0 x 10-14 = 1.786 x 10-5
0.20 Ka 5.6 x 10-10
x = 0.001890 MpOH = -Log[0.001890] = 2.73 pH = 11.27
![Page 35: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
SubjectiveQuestion 7 & 8
Redox
![Page 36: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Review of Cells
Electrochemical Electrolytic Is a power supply Requires power supplySpontaneous (+ ve) Nonspontaneous(-ve)Makes electricity Makes chemicals Reduction is highest on Chart Reduction is the –ve
![Page 37: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
For all cells:
Cations migrate to the cathode, which is the site of reduction. Anions migrate to the anode, which is the site of oxidation. Electrons travel through the wire from anode to cathode.
![Page 38: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Complete the Chart Electrochemical Cell: Zn, Zn(NO3)2 II Cu, CuSO4
Anode: Reaction:
Cathode: Reaction:
E0 =
![Page 39: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Complete the Chart Electrochemical Cell: Zn, Zn(NO3)2 II Cu, CuSO4
Anode: Zn Reaction:
Cathode: Cu Reaction:
E0 =
Higher on reduction Chart
![Page 40: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Complete the Chart Electrochemical Cell: Zn, Zn(NO3)2 II Cu, CuSO4
Anode: Zn Reaction: Zn → Zn2+ + 2e- 0.76 v
Cathode: Cu Reaction:
E0 =
Higher on reduction Chart
![Page 41: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Complete the Chart Electrochemical Cell: Zn, Zn(NO3)2 II Cu, CuSO4
Anode: Zn Reaction: Zn(s) → Zn2+ + 2e- 0.76 v
Cathode: Cu Reaction: Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu(s) 0.34 v
E0 = Higher on reduction Chart
![Page 42: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Complete the Chart Electrochemical Cell: Zn, Zn(NO3)2 II Cu, CuSO4
Anode: Zn Reaction: Zn(s) → Zn2+ + 2e- 0.76 v
Cathode: Cu Reaction: Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu(s) 0.34 v
E0 = 1.10 v Higher on reduction Chart
![Page 43: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl3
Anode: Reaction: Cathode: Reaction:
![Page 44: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl3 Al3+ Cl-
Anode: C Reaction: Cathode: C Reaction:
![Page 45: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl3 Al3+ Cl-
Anode: C Reaction: Cathode: C Reaction:
Put the vowels together: AnodeAnionOxidation
![Page 46: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl3 Al3+ Cl-
Anode: C Reaction: 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e- -1.36 v
Cathode: C Reaction:
Put the vowels together: AnodeAnionOxidation
Oxidation of Anion
![Page 47: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl3
Anode: C Reaction: 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e- -1.36 v
Cathode: C Reaction:
Put the consonants together: CathodeCationReduction
![Page 48: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl3
Anode: C Reaction: 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e- -1.36 v
Cathode: C Reaction: Al3+ + 3e- → Al -1.66 v
Put the consonants together: CathodeCationReduction
Reduction of Cation
![Page 49: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl3
Anode: C Reaction: 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e- -1.36 v
Cathode: C Reaction: Al3+ + 3e- → Al -1.66 v E0 = -3.02 v
![Page 50: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Electrolytic Cell: 1M AlCl3
Anode: Reaction: Cathode: Reaction: E0 = MTV =
![Page 51: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Electrolytic Cell: 1M AlCl3
Anode: C Reaction: H2O → 1/2O2 + 2H+ + 2e-
Cathode: C Reaction: E0 = MTV =
![Page 52: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Electrolytic Cell: 1M AlCl3
Anode: C Reaction: H2O → 1/2O2 + 2H+ + 2e-
Cathode: C Reaction: 2H2O + 2e- → H2 + 2OH-
E0 = MTV =
![Page 53: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Electrolytic Cell: 1M AlCl3
Anode: C Reaction: H2O → 1/2O2 + 2H+ + 2e-
Cathode: C Reaction: 2H2O + 2e- → H2 + 2OH-
E0 = -3.02 v MTV =
![Page 54: Subjective Question # 1 Kinetics](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815176550346895dbfafd5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Electrolytic Cell: 1M AlCl3
Anode: C Reaction: H2O → 1/2O2 + 2H+ + 2e-
Cathode: C Reaction: 2H2O + 2e- → H2 + 2OH-
E0 = -3.02 v MTV = +3.02 v