AAbraham’s classification 129acanthosis nigricans

acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa 335 –Cushing syndrome 362 –HAIRAN syndrome 360, 363, 364 –lipoatrophy (Berardinelli syndrome) 344 –

acetazolamide 349, 351acid

dyes 507 –natural fatty 520 –permanent waves 510 –

acitretin 280acne conglobata 211, 282, 468, 487acne keloidalis 154, 188f, 484, 488ff, 495

clinical features – 215nuchae – 304pathogenesis – 214pathology – 215treatment – 215

acne necrotica 189, 209, 216f, 401ffmiliaris – 217varioliformis – 217

acrodermatitis enteropathica 278, 281acrodynia 348adhesions junctions 91adnexial

involvement – 468pyoderma – 468

adrenal hyperplasia 359, 362, 367congenital – . see congenital adrenal hyperplasia

adrenal suppression 367adrenocorticotopic hormone (ACTH) 16, 45, 52,

61, 69increase – 359ffstimulation test – 366

adrenoreceptor, β1 43

African hair 536disorders 483ff –cosmetics 505 –

AGAgenetics 176 –diagnostic 131 –

agouti protein 60fAIDS 264, 349, 394

eyelash trichomegaly 349 –loose anagan hair 264 –seborrheic dermatitis 394 –

albinism 66f, 341alopecia

androgenetic. – see androgenetic alopeciaatrophizing – 228central centrifugal cicatricial 173, 178, 189ff, –489ffchemical-induced – 240chemotherapy-induced 253, 262f, 298 –cicatricial – . see scarring alopeciacongenital – 90, 99, 301congenital triangular alopecia – . see Brauer’s nevusdisplacement – 228drug-induced permanent – 253freezing – 239frontal fibrosing Kossard. – see frontal fibrosing alopeciahot comb – 198insect bites 229, – 240, 417neonatal occipital 295 –non-scarring. – see non-scarring alopeciapermanent – 227pony tail – 294post-burn – 239pressure-induced – 238pseudocicatricial – 228radiation-induced – 240

Subject Index

scarring – see scarring alopeciasecondary cicatricial – 227senescent – 162, 230traumatic/mechanical – 154, 238ff

clinical features – 238pathogenesis – 238pathology – 238

triangular – 230, 237, 275, 292, 295ff, 342, 530clinical features – 296pathogenesis – 296pathology – 296treatment – 296

alopecia areata 80, 269, 275, 291, 299, 304, 311ff, 400anagen dystrophic – 263barbae – 320childhood 291ff –circumscripta – 291clinical features 320 –diagnostic – 130, 143, 148, 163differential diagnosis – 177, 194f, 198f, 201, 268, 293f, 298, 386, 391, 416diffusa – 275, 291, 299, 321exclamation mark/point hairs 141, 321 –eyelashes – 320, 353hair cycle – 319hair pigmentation – 54, 64, 66histopathology 322 –mouse model – 78nails – 321ophiasis – 291, 321patchy – 292, 322pathogenesis – 16, 46, 291, 299, 312score – 127totalis – 275, 291, 299, 320treatment – 269, 292, 322, 327, 353universalis – 275, 291, 321

alopecia mucinosa 189, 201clinical features – 201differential diagnosis – 250, 322pathogenesis – 200pathology – 201treatment – 202

alopecia parvimaculata 154alopecia reduction, surgery

planning – 453fscalp extension – 463soft tissue expansion – 463

anagen 3, 6, 11f, 16, 19, 57f, 62, 65f, 68duration – 13effluvium. – see effluvium, anagen. see also loose anagen hairhair follicle – 6regulation – 27

anatomy 4, 5follicular 57, 109 –pilosebaceous unit 4, 5 –

androgen 14, 23f, 28ff, 33f, 36, 161, 172f, 182action – 31ffinsensitivity syndrome – 161, 175metabolism 33, 174 –receptor 26, 28, – 31f, 36, 161, 175f, 367receptor (AR) gene – 162

androgen-dependentbeard hair 14 –follicles 32 –genes 32 –hair disorders 23 –hair growth 28f, 31, 161 –hair loss 35 –

androgen alopecia 275androgenetic alopecia (AGA) 24, 29, 33f, 159, 172,

193, 195, 268, 275, 305, 402diagnostic – 130, 133, 143differential diagnosis – 194, 199, 294, 296, 301, 491fffemale – 172ff

clinical features 176 –histopathology 177 –medical treatment 179 –pathophysiology 173 –surgical treatment 183 –

genetics – 161male – 159ff

associated pathologies 165 –clinical features 163 –management 166 –pathophysiology 164 –

premature – 301SAHA syndrom – 359scarring – 199, 219treatment – 166, 179, 183, 219, 269, 351, 518, 521

androstenedione 3, 175, 350, 359, 362ffanemia 179, 238, 299, 346, 421

pernicious – 291angioendothelioma. see angiosarcomaangiosarcoma 229, 241, 380, 384angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor 298anorexia nervosa 269, 348, 480anthralin. see also dithranol 328, 397antiandrogen 23, 36, 180, 193, 367, 371, 403, 520

therapy – 180, 193, 196, 199, 367ffantibiotic 202, 204, 210, 213, 216f, 242ff, 250, 267,

349f, 393, 399, 418, 439, 454, 468f, 488ffanticoagulants 298

heparin 193, 266, 269 –warfarin 266 –

anticonvulsants 298, 349ff, 417, 423, 540

544 Subject Index

antidepressantsdetection – 540hair loss 267, 298, 350 –treatment 403, 416, 418,f, 423f –

antigen presentation 16, 45, 80, 316fanti-glaucoma agents 350, 353anti-inflammatory

activity – 518f, 521fdrugs – 165, 246, 267, 349, 351ff, 491

antimalarials 196, 207, 250, 252, 267antioxidant

function – 518f, 521fsystem – 62, 64waving – 509

antiseptic agents 216, 349, 352, 490, 522antithyroid medication 297Apert syndrome 66aplasia

congenital – 275aplasia cutis congenita 229f, 296f, 305

differential diagnosis – 237argininosuccinic aciduria. see trichorrhexis nodosa

congenitaaromatase 174f

inhibitor 182, 267, 372 –arrector pili muscle 2, 4ff, 19, 43, 57, 77, 89, 109,

114, 117arsenic

poisoning 540 –arteritis temporalis 229, 247arthritis 213, 247, 343, 353, 397, 430

rheumathoid – 247, 291, 352Asian hair 8, 484ataxia 278, 347atomic absorption spectroscopy 150

combustion – 150graphite furnace – 150

atomic emission spectrometry 150atomic force microscopy 146atopic dermatitis 285, 322, 352, 391, 398, 403, 409f

clinical features – 398differential diagnosis – 391, 393, 397, 400, 402, 417pathogenesis – 398pathology – 399treatment – 352, 399

atopic eczema 398atrichia 90, 230

congenital – 97, 275, 289, 297, 301fgeneralized 302 –focal – 177, 179, 183with papular lesions 90, – 99, 299, 302

autoimmunedisease 16, 24, 46, 264, 291, 312ff, 318, 328 –

hair loss – 46, 275, 312, 316autoimmunity 16, 215, 249, 264, 312, 315axillary hair 10, 14, 25, 28, 31f, 36, 94, 161, 194,

208, 263, 279, 282, 441, 540azathioprine 207, 248, 269azoles 244, 478

Bbalding 24, 32, 34, 176

male pattern – 159ffbamboo hair 276, 278, 284, 291basaloid

cells 119 –follicular hamartoma 263 –

Basex-Dupré-Christol Syndrome 278bcl-2 53, 55, 61beard 14, 25, 29, 31, 34, 36, 94, 161, 197, 208, 252,

263, 290, 294, 311, 320, 348, 386, 477, 494, 527hair growth – 13length – 10poliosis – 65

Becker’s nevus 338benoxaprofen 349, 351Berardinelli syndrome 344beta-blockers 298BIDS. see trichothiodystrophybiochemical analysis

androgen – 175, 359, 361, 372, 374hair – 136, 144, 150f

biologic response modifiers 350, 353biopsy 107, 109, 151

horizontal (transverse) sectioning – 109, 152fvertical sectioning – 109, 122, 153, 189, 403, 415

biotin 269, 278biotinidase deficiency 276, 278birth trauma 231, 238bismuth 207, 263, 506Björnstad’s syndrome 281, 287black piedra. see piedrasBlaschko’s lines 232, 236, 249, 381bleaching 146, 240, 353, 373, 400, 431, 440, 502,

506f, 527, 530, 541Bloch-Sulzberger’s syndrome. see incontinentia

pigmentiBMP. see bone morphogenic proteinbody hair 10, 12, 14

distribution – 127scores – 129twisted and rolled – 277

bonemineral density 66 –morphogenic protein (BMP) 5, 31, 88, 91 –

Brachmann-de Lange syndrome. see Cornelia de Lange syndrome

Subject Index 545

Brauer’s nevus 295breaking strength 143brilliantine 503, 505brittle hair 278ff, 286, 288, 290, 484Brocq’s pseudopelade. see pseudopelade Brocqbromocriptine 267, 373Brunsting-Perry syndrome (cicatricial

pemphigoid) 219, 229, 250bubble hair 275f, 290bulge region 2, 5, 16f, 19, 44, 54, 76busulfan 253, 263, 266

CC3H/HeJ mouse 313C57bl/6 mouse 55, 57cadherin 91, 279

desmosomal – 92, 95, 279switch – 91

cadmium 263, 540calcitonin gene related peptide 43, 75, 78calcium 64, 94, 149, 252, 373, 511, 521calcium channel blockers 350cAMP 61, 62canities 10, 61ff, 65, 69, 499carbamazepine 215, 267carbaryl 393carbuncle 242, 293, 468Carvajal syndrome 96catagen 10, 12, 14, 19, 57, 58, 136

duration – 13hair – 59, 89, 114, 118, 136, 213, 294, 322, 492

cataract 279, 287, 288, 346catenin

α 91 –β 3, 91, 95 –

Caucasian hair 9, 15, 485CDH3 gene 92, 99central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia 189

clinical features – 199, 491differential diagnosis – 173, 178, 198, 480, 491pathogenesis – 198, 491pathology – 199, 491treatment – 200, 491

cerebral alteration 348chancre

syphilis – 474tuberculous – 242, 470

Chediak-Higashi syndrome 67chelator 349, 352chemotherapy-induced alopecia. see alopeciacholine acetyl transferase 43chondrodysplasia punctata 234chromatography

gas – 150, 541liquid – 77, 150, 541

chromium 6, 540fchronic cutaneous lupus. see discoid lupus

erythematosuscicatricial alopecia 187ff, 227ff, 275, 282, 303, 346,

384, 402, 490ff, diagnostic – 121, 126, 130, 140, 148pattern hair loss – 178primary – 188ff

approach – 189classification – 189lymphocytic disorders – 189ffmixed cicatricial alopecia – 214ffneutrophilic disorders – 208fftreatment/management – 219

secondary and permanent – 227ffclassification – 229drug – 253genodermatoses and developmental –defect 230ffinfection – 242inflammatory dermatosis – 246neoplasm – 253physical and chemical – 238ff

treatment – 219, 463cicatricial pemphigoid 219, 229, 250ciclopirox 244, 395, 521ciclosporine 352cimetidine 182, 267, 368c-KIT 34, 347cleft lip palate 282, 302cleidocranial dysostosis 380Clouston syndrome (hidrotic ectodermal

dysplasia) 97, 99clofazimine 207, 473Clouston syndrome (hidrotic ectodermal

dysplasia) 88, 97, 99, 282, 300coal tar 397cocamidopropyl betaine 502Cockayne syndrome 286fcolchicine 213f, 269collodium baby 287coloboma 300companion layer 8, 86, 110, 300conditioner 146, 291, 501ff, 517, 520confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 76,

78, 143congenital adrenal hyperplasia 361congenital hypotrichia Marie Unna 301connexins 96connexons 96consumer protection 516contact dermatitis (eczema) 246, 265, 344, 353,

368, 399, 491, 522allergic – 403alopecia areata therapy – 326, 328

546 Subject Index

chronic – 293clinical features – 400minoxidil – 179pathogenesis – 400pathology – 400treatment – 401

contact sensitizer 311, 325, 327contraceptive pills. see oral contraceptive pills 149,

263copper 149, 263, 276, 281, 439, 474, 506, 540

copper metabolism – 283corkscrew hair 281fcorneal

abnormality – 233dysplasia – 288dystrophy – 304opacity – 282, 345thickening – 352

Cornelia de Lange syndrome 344corneodesmosin 93, 96coronary heart disease 165, 179, 363, 370cortex 3, 6, 8f, 57, 86, 90, 93, 111, 144corticosteroid 323, 351, 365, 395, 399, 401, 462,

494, 521, 541alopecia areata – 323hirsutism 367 –scarring alopecia – 192ff

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 14, 17, 45, 61

cosmetic 142androgenetic alopecia – 168dictionary – 516manipulation – 290natural ingredients – 517procedures – 239, 290, 408, 541scarring alopecia – 219

CPHL 178Crandall’s syndrome 281f, 287craniofacial dysostosis 344fCrow-Fukase syndrome. see POEMS syndromecurls 505, 508ff, 527f, 530, 532f, 536curly hair 9, 97, 132, 277, 295, 494, 502, 508, 511Cushing syndrome 351, 362, 364ffcutaneous sensory disorders 412cuticle 3, 6, 8ff, 55, 57, 86, 93, 109, 111, 144, 146,

277, 485cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors 62cyclophosphamide 248, 266, 269cyclosporine 192CYP17 31, 162, 363cyproterone acetate 181, 196, 214, 367cytosine supplementation 287

Ddandruff. see seborrheic dermatitis

dapsone 202, 204, 206, 210, 212, 214, 219, 235, 473Darier’s disease 201, 207, 229, 237, 342deafness 67, 97, 99, 204, 233, 281f, 289, 345, 347death domain 87dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 33, 173, 175,

181, 359f, 362ff, 371, 374, 423delayed development 284demodex 215dental

amalgam – 263caries – 204, 287changes – 288dysplasia – 287

dermal papilla 2, 3f, 6, 9ff, 18f, 24, 31, 33ff, 44, 54f, 57, 59, 65, 89, 109, 111, 164anagen – 11androgens 13, – 32growth cycle – 27neuroimmunological – 46telogen – 12

dermal sheath 32, 111dermal sinus tract 343dermatitis 230, 247, 343, 522

atopic – . see atopic dermatitiscontact – . see contact dermatitisfactitial – 419interface – 192radiation – 240, 382

dermatomyositis 348desmoglein 4 93, 279desmolase

17,20 181 –21,22 362 –

desmoplakin 94fdesmosome 92, 95, 233detergent 500ff

amphoteric – 500, 502anionic – 500cationic – 500non-ionic – 502

DHEA. see dehydroepiandrosteroneDHT. see dihydrotestosteronediastematomyelia 343diazoxide 351diet 179, 264f, 269f, 278, 287, 316, 348, 373, 423,

480diffuse hair loss. see hair loss, diffusedihydrotestosterone, 5α- 23, 31f, 36Dihydrotestosterone (DHC) 23, 31ff, 36, 161, 173,

358, 367, 518, 520dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) 325, 344, 400diphenylcyclopropenone (DCP) 325, 327, 400dissecting cellulitis 211, 242, 244, 401, 468

clinical features – 212, 487differential diagnosis – 201

Subject Index 547

pathogenesis – 211, 487pathology 213, – 487treatment – 213, 488f

districhiasis-lymphedema syndrome 347dithranol 397diuretic 349ffdonor area 167, 183, 448, 450, 455ff, 461fdopachrome tautomerase (DCT) 55, 58, 60dopaquinone 70, 506doping

control – 541substances – 540

Down syndrome 291, 312drospirenone 181, 367fdrug

analysis – 148, 150fincorporation 540 –induced alopecia – 202, 215, 253, 265

Dundee experimental bald rat 79, 313dutasteride 182, 367, 369dwarfism 287, 344fdyeing 505ff

permanent 507 –semipermanent 400, 507 –

dyes. see hair dyedyskeratosis

congenita 289 –follicularis – . see also Darier’s disease

Eectoderm 4ff, 86ffectodermal dysplasia 92, 99, 230, 275f, 282, 287ff

clinical features – 288Group A – 288Group B – 288hidrotic – 97, 99hypohidrotic (HED) 88, – 99, 282, 300pathogenesis – 288pathology – 289Rapp Hodgkin 282 –treatment – 289

ectodysplasin-A (Eda) 3, 87ectothrix infection 243, 293ectrodactyly. see EEC and EEM syndromeEdar 87, 99EEC syndrome (ectrodactyly-ectrodermal dysplasia-

clefting syndrome) 230EEM syndrome (ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly,

macular dystrophy) 92, 99Effluvium. see hair losseflornithine 353, 373, 494felectrolysis 339, 353, 373, 428, 431electron microscopy 91, 276, 281, 287, 290, 300,

339, 478, 485scanning – 144

transmission – 144vertical 154, 269 –

electrophoresiscapillary – 151, 541

embedding 135, 142horizontal – 153, 269longitudinal – 276, 291

embryogenesis 2, 3, 86, 95, 231, 288endorphin receptor, β - μ-opiate 61endothrix infection 293 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 46,

151eosinophilia 232, 399epidermal growth factor 67epidermal nevi 236ff, 381epidermolysis bullosa

acquisita – 251, 229dystrophic – 345hereditary – 229, 234

clinical features – 235pathogenesis – 235pathology – 235treatment – 235

epilepsy 284, 337, 347, 381, 394epitheliogenesis imperfecta 296erosive pustular dermatosis

clinical features – 218differential diagnosis – 244pathogenesis – 218treatment – 219

erysipelas 343, 468erythroderma 284

exfoliative – 286ichthyosiform 233, – 285f

erythropoietic porphyria. see porphyria, erythropoietic

essential oils 518,521estrogen 27, 33, 175ff, 181f, 316, 346, 359, 365, 370

receptor – 27, 175, 182ethnicity 8, 14fetretinate 204, 304eumelanin 8, 55, 70, 507feumelanogenesis 61, 67European hair 484 exclamation point hairs 141, 320f, 328exogen 12, 19, 27, 109, 139experimental technique 17, 35, 47, 67, 78, 88ff,

121, 485eye abnormality 236, 288, 303, 340, 387eyebrow 2, 10, 12, 14f, 201, 249, 279, 282, 320, 347

alopecia – 194, 204, 287, 320, 448, 472hyperplasia – 67hypertrichosis 337, – 340, 344infection – 478sparse – 285, 288, 301, 305

548 Subject Index

thinning – 194, 203eyelash 2, 10, 12, 14, 65, 204, 311, 320, 477

double-row – 347hypertrichosis – 345, 347, 350loss/lack – 242, 287, 302, 304, 320, 472sparse – 285, 288trichomegaly 349, 352f –

Ffacial

hemiatrophy – 248malformation – 282, 345

faun tail 343, 528Favus 245, 292, 391, 532

clinical features – 245pathogenesis – 245pathology – 245treatment – 246

female pattern hair loss (FPHL). see also Androgenetic alopecia, female 172men 163 –clinical features 176 –late onset 175, 176 –pathogenesis 173 –pathology 177 –treatment 179, 183 –differential diagnosis 177 –

Ferriman-Gallwey score 129f, 358, 365ferritin 179, 251, 265, 423Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 341, 349fever 243, 251, 261, 298, 392, 468FG syndrome 300fibroblast growth factor 3, 53, 67, 69fibrodysplasias 229, 238fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution

(FAPD) 178, 189, 193, 195finasteride 23, 33, 36, 167, 174f, 181f, 194, 403, 414

cicatricial – 195ffemale AGA – 182hirsutism – 369male AGA – 167

FK506 80flap surgery

juri flap 463 –fluconazole 244, 391, 478flutamide 181, 368, 371follicle density 15, 108, 134, 153, 274follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 363f, 366f,

370ffollicular

anatomy 109 –degeneration syndrome – 154, 198, 491hamartoma 236 –hyperkeratosis 205, 303f –miniaturization – 164, 166, 269, 493

mucinosis – 200, 386neogenesis – 13, 351occlusion triad 211, 213, 487 –papules 195, 200, 201, 203, 208, 217, 279, 281, –303, 342, 488, 493stela – 109, 114, 119, 177

follicular unit 114, 127, 183graft – 183, 232, 240, 448, 449, 456ffhair transplanting – 448, 458

folliculitis 208, 214f, 217, 233, 275, 391, 401, 442, 468, 488, 492, 521cytotoxic – 247keloidalis. – see acne keloidalisnecrotica. – see acne necroticaspinulosa decalvans. – see keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans

folliculitis decalvans 189, 208, 242, 401clinical features – 208pathogenesis – 208pathology – 208treatment – 209f

footprints in the snow 197, 305forensic diagnostic 540forensic science 149, 541 Foxn1 35, 90, 99Freire-Maia classification 230, 288frontal fibrosing alopecia 178, 189, 193, 201, 492

clinical features – 193pathogenesis – 193pathology – 194treatment – 194

furuncles 468

Ggap junction 96Gardner syndrome 380gene therapy 100, 235genetic defects 9, 60genodermatoses 229ff, 334, 344ffgiant cell arteritis 246gingival fibromatosis 344, 347gingival hyperplasia 347, 352gland

apocrine – 3Global Expert Panel 134, 154global photograph 17, 133ff, 140, 154, 166f, 182globoid leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease) 344, 347glucocorticosteroid

unwanted hair – 349, 351, 365, 367glucose 371, 521

tolerance 362, 364, 366, 372 –glycerol monothioglycolate 509fglycolic acid 489, 494gold 190, 253, 267

therapy 207, 430 –

Subject Index 549

Goltz-Gorlin’s syndrome 232, 382gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists

(GnRH-a) 370fgonadotropins 175, 364, 366, 369gp100 54f, 63G-protein receptor 61, 98grafts 449, 456, 461

micrograft 241, 448f –minigraft 448 –multi-FU 449, 458, 462 –round 449, 460f –skin 36, 488 –slit 449, 457, 461 –slot 449, 457, 460 –xenografts 318 –

graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) 16, 229, 247gray hair 61ff, 66, 321, 440, 457, 505fGriscelli syndrome 66griseofulvin 193f, 244, 246, 391growth factor

s. fibroblast growth factor –s. insulin-like growth factor-1 –s. nerve growth factor –s. transforming growth factor –

growth hormone 29guanidine

carbonate 511 –hydroxide 486, 511 –

Günther’s disease. see porphyria, erythropoietic

Hhair

anagen-dysplastic – 300axillary – 14f, 25, 31, 94, 161, 441beaded – 278cadaverized – 141exclamation mark/point – 141, 321gel – 504fgroom – 50f, 199, 281, 484, 486, 489, 490, 494, 526f, 531jewelry – 526, 527, 529lanugo – 3, 9ff, 10, 14, 19, 274, 335, 348mousse – 504primary 14 –pomade – 505pubic – 10, 14, 29, 31, 94, 263, 282, 294, 335, 477, 540racial subtypes 8, 9, 15, 62, –

African 136, 290, 483ff, 536 –Asian 196, 211, 284, 290, 484 –Caucasian 28, 31, 62, 164, 178, 196, 358, –484funruly 277, 300 –

removal 237, – 333, 353, 373, 428, 436, 493

spray – 503, 505straightener – 486, 510style – 168, 183, 215, 408, 492, 502ff, 525, 528terminal – 3ff, 10, 26, 29, 108ffvellus – 4, 6f, 9ff, 14, 17, 19, 25, 29f, 76, 108, 114ff, 165, 176

diagnostic – 133, 137, 140wax – 504

hair analysis 539, 541for testing compliance to drug prescription 542 –method – 148

HAIRAN-syndrome 359f, 363, 371hair assessment 128f, 134, 138, 148, 181hair breakage 132, 245, 505hair bulb 5, 6, 9, 13, 16, 19, 25, 27, 36, 55ff, 76, 86,

109keratinocytes – 52

hair care products 515ffbrilliantines 503, 505, 512 –coloring agents (dye) 505 –conditioners 146, 291, 392, 501ff, 505, 509, –517f, 520gel 502ff –gel curl activator 505 –moisturizers 487, 491 –mousses 504 –hair styling aids 499, 503 –pomades 199, 397, 484, 527 –relaxers 486, 491, 510f, 518 –rinses 503 –shampoos 500 –spray 503 –straighteners 510ff, 516f –

hair color 52, 54, 61, 66, 429, 431, 505, 518, 521, 534

hair cortex 111, 279hair count 126, 132, 139, 166f, 179, 268

anagen – 139photoepilation – 429, 437, 444telogen – 139

hair cycle. see hair growth cyclehair density 15, 453, 455

anagen – 137decrease – 164, 176, 253, 281, 305diagnostic – 133ff, 137ff, 268photoepilation – 429, 439, 442region – 15terminal – 139vellus – 139

hair development 108organoid epidermal nevi 236 –sexual 29 –

hair diameter 8f, 176, 181, 268, 429, 431, 457diagnostic – 137f, 148

550 Subject Index

vellus – 114hair disorders 18, 24

hereditary – 86, 93, 96, 278, 300hairdress 295, 401, 526, 530, 536hairdresser 24, 260, 493, 532hair dye 137ff, 399, 505, 507, 519, 521, 531

type – 506hair elasticity 143, 508hair fiber 6, 17, 52, 60, 90, 108,

properties 6ff, 8, 142 –hair follicle 2ff, 25ff

abnormalities – 288anatomy 4f, 109, –cycling – 10, 260, 319density – 15, 108, 134endocrinology – 27ffhistology – 107ff, 152intermediate – 7, 9, 19innervation 43, 76ff –morphogenesis – 2ff, 11ff, 19, 54, 86ff, 91neuro/immunology – 17, 42ffnumber – 15pigmentation – 51ffprimary 88 –secondary 87 –stem cells 78 –types – 5, 9, 14vascularisation/innervation 75 –

hair fragility 280, 288, 484hair germ 4, 55, 91, 95 hair graying. see canitieshair growth 2ff, 12, 41, 55, 77, 518

control – 41ffcycle – 11ff, 27, 43ff, 55, 57, 62, 76, 86, 108, 164, 260

anagen 11, 57, 109 –catagen 12, 57, 109 –telogen 12, 57, 109 –AGA – 25, 30alopecia areata – 319diagnostic – 135endocrine regulation – 27, 31

delay – 27, 35, 177, 436ff, 520diagnostic 130 –ethnical variations 8f, 14f,129 –seasonal variations 28 –phase – 3, 11, 55, 137promotion – 133, 166, 179, 518, 520rate – 14f, 28, 136f, 541

linear – 136funwanted – 230, 334, 353, 373, 428, 436, 493

hair keratin 8, 90hairless genes 89, 302hairless mouse (hr) 88

hair loss (effluvium) 26anagen – 262, 462androgen dependent – 29, 35, 161, 164, 173autoimmune – 42, 46, 250, 275, 291, 302, 312children – 273ffcicatricial – 187ff, 227ffclinical features – 163, 176, 262cytostatic/chemotherapy – 253, 262, 266, 298diagnostic – 126, 130f, 133, 135diffuse 28, 259ff, 275, 297ff, 321 –dystrophic anagen 261f, 266 –female pattern – 172ff, 268hair shaft defect – 276ffinflammatory – 45, 246ff, 275, 318localized – 275, 291ff, 318male pattern – 159ff, 163pathogenesis – 165, 173, 260per day – 109permanent – 178, 228ff, 391, 436ff, 468, 486, 492pseudo – . see pseudoeffluviumpsychological – 407fftelogen 176f, 260f, 262, 264, 298, 397, 424 –temporary – 440treatment – 166, 179, 183, 269, 447

hair matrix 17, 57, 59, 89, 109, 176, 260, 261, 380, 540

hair pegs 2, 91hair pigmentation 34, 53, 55, 61, 64, 67, 69hair pulling 294, 415hair pull test 130ff, 176, 262, 268, 298hair quality 126, 134, 142, 270, 511hair relaxer

chemical lye – 510hair shaft 3ff, 18, 44, 52ff, 60, 93, 108ff, 275ff, 302,

392, 477biology 3ff –cortex 3, 5, 8f, 57, 93, 111, 144 –cosmetics – 502ffcuticle 3, 5, 8ff, 57, 86, 93, 108, 109, 111, 144 –defect/anomaly – 18, 136, 276, 305

acquired – 275, 290genetic – 275with increased fragility – 276without increased fragility – 277

diagnostic – 140ffgranuloma 192, 209, 219 –grooving 302 –histology 107ff –medulla 3, 5, 8f, 32, 63, 86, 90, 109, 111, 144 –pigmentation 52ff, 60ff –terminal – . see hair, terminalthickness 148, 182, 436 –vellus – . see hair, vellus

hair spray 503ff, 535

Subject Index 551

hair straightener 510hair thickness. see hair shaft thicknesshair transplantation 164, 167, 183, 447ff, 495

anesthesia – 454fcomplications – 462donor area – 455ffemale patient 181, – 451fFollicular Unit Transplanting (FUT) – 458fFUT mixed with multi-unit grafts – 460fgraft insertion – 461graft preparation – 456fhairline – 452fmale patient – 164, 448ffpostoperative course – 462pre-operative instructions – 454recipient area – 457fscarring alopecia – 203, 207, 219, 233, 240, 253, 491vertex – 460

hair types 87, 135, 507hair weighing 132, 166hairy elbow syndrome 340hamartoma 229, 236, 334, 336, 343

basaloid cell 236 –complex 236 –congenital 381 –fibrous 342 –follicular 236 –generalized 236 –occult eccrine sweat duct 236 –smooth muscle 339 –

Hamilton-Norwood scale 127, 163Hammersehlag-Telfer syndrome 347Hashimoto’s thyroiditis 313, 322, 364headgear 530hemangioblastoma. see angiosarcomahemangioendothelioma. see angiosarcomaHenle layer 3, 5, 8, 86, 96, 100, 111henna 505f, 516, 519, 521, 526f, 536heparin 193, 266, 269hepatomegaly 278, 344herpes zoster 218, 229, 231, 242, 344, 420hexachlorobenzene 348f, 352hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. see Clouston

syndromeHippocrates 160, 528hirsutism 24, 36, 129f, 175, 358ff, 440

ACTH stimulation test 366 –adrenal – 361fclassification/pathogenesis – 358clinical features – 359diagnosis/score – 127, 129, 365due to etopic hormones – 365

due to the alteration of the peripheral conversion –of androgens to estrogens 365familial – 360HAIRAN syndrome – 359fhepatic – 365hyperprolactinemic – 360hypophyseal – 364iatrogenic – 365idiopathic – . see SAHA syndromeovarian – 362ovarian hyperthecosis – 364ovarian SAHA – 359PCOS – . see Polycystic ovary syndromeSAHA syndrome – 358f

adrenal SAHA – 359SAHA syndrome –

hyperprolacinemic 360 –ovarian SAHA 359 –

treatment – 180, 367dermato-cosmetical – 373systemic – 367topical – 373

histoplasmosis 476fHIV infection

chronic telogen effluvium 265 –hair analysis for drug compliance 542 –psoriasis 246 –tuberculosis cutis 470 –

HLAalopecia areata – 314B27 – 211CW6 – 396

homocystinuria 66hormone 2, 14, 23ff, 45, 161, 175, 359, 365, 540hormone replacement therapy 176, 196

arrest of hair loss 196 –in female pattern hair loss 176 –

hot comb alopecia. see central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia

HPLC 150Huxley layer 3, 5, 7, 86, 96, 100, 111Hurler’s syndrome 345hydroxylase

11-β 361 –17-α 362 –18 362 –21 361, 366 –dopamine-beta 283 –phenylalanine 58, 61 –tyrosine 55, 60 –

hydroxylase deficiency11-β 361 –21 361, 366 –

552 Subject Index

hydroxyprogesterone17 361, 366 –17-β 365, 374 –

hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase3-α 173 –3-β 173, 362 –17 175 –18 362 –

hyperandrogenism 176, 181f, 358, 360, 367, 370ffclinical signs 175, 359 –in PCOS 363f –markers 175 –ovarian 363f, 370 –pituitary 367 –

hypereosinophilia 399hypereosinophilic syndrome 399hyperinsulinemia 364, 371ffhyperkeratosis 190, 192, 194, 204, 233, 237, 246,

339follicular – 204, 303perifollicular – 190, 204, 391

hyperthermia 288hyperthyroidism 365hypertrichosis 251, 333ff, 358, 430

acquired – 347acquired lanuginosa – 335acquired localized – 343anterior cervical – 341classification – 335clinical features – 334cubiti – 340diagnostic – 127drug adverse reaction – 166ear – 340eyebrow – 340generalized – 334iatrogenic – 349ffin Congenital and Hereditary –diseases 344lanuginosa – 347

acquired – 335f, 343congenital – 334

localized 336 –acquired – 343congenital – 336

nevoid – 339paradoxical – 353prepubertal – 336symptomatic – 344treatment – 353universal – 336, 529unwanted hairs – 334

hyperparathyroidism 303

hyperprolactinemia 359, 364, 373hyperthecosis. see ovarian hyperthecosishypogonadism 282hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. see Rapp-

Hodgkin’s syndromehypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) 14,

17, 45, 61, 363hypothyroidism 28, 278, 349hypotrichosis 90, 99, 230, 262, 279f, 288, 301

autosomal dominant – 90autosomal recessive, localiced – 94congenitcal 275 –cubiti (hairy elbow syndrome) 340 –juvenile macula dystrophia 92 –Marie Unna – 301posterior cervical 342 –primary multifocal localized 337, 342, –simplex – 96, 99f, 301total, Mari type – 98f

IIBIDS syndrome. see Trichothiodystrophyichthyosiform erythroderma 233f, 285

congenital non-bullous – 233, 286ichthyosis 229, 233, 282, 287, 335

clinical features – 233erythrodermic – 285ffollicularis – 205flinearis circumflexa – 284fpathogenesis – 233treatment – 233

imiquimod 207, 216, 382immune privilege 16, 42, 44, 55, 66, 316, 327immunofluorescence 153

direct – 153f, 189, 192, 196, 206, 219, 251rhodamine – 44

immunosuppressives 349, 352impetigo contagiosa 467, 468incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch Sulzberger) 229,

232clinical features – 232Ito’s type, achromicans – 344, 347pathogenesis – 232treatment – 232

infection 213, 229, 242ffbacterial – 204, 208, 211, 229, 242ff, 275, 296, 399, 467fffungal – 229, 243ff, 275, 292, 296, 390, 475fpost surgical – 152, 168, 462protozoal – 476viral – 229, 231, 242, 275, 296

inflammatory bowel disease 247, 291infundibulum 6, 54, 108f, 114

Subject Index 553

dilatation – 208, 211inner root sheath 3, 4, 6f, 46, 57, 86, 93, 108ffinsulin 360, 363, 366, 371f

gene 162, 363, –resistance 175, 344, 360, 363ff, 370ff –

insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) 23, 27, 34, 520insulin-sensitizing agents 372interferon 269

α2 – 208, 267, 350, 353β – 35γ 267, – 326, 398pegylated – 350, 353

interleukin1 315 –2 352 –4 398 –5 398 –10 326, 398 –13 398 –inflammatory 394 –

intermediate filaments 6, 90f, 93ffinternode 91, 276, 280finvagination

tulip like – 147, 285in vitro model 18, 35involutional alopecia 424iron 6, 64, 179, 506, 540

amount 150 –deficiency – 179, 265, 269, 298, 415

isolated Frontal Forelock (IFF) 451isotretinoin 266, 269, 350, 370, 402, 468, 488f

in cicatricial alopecia – 195, 198, 202, 204, 209, 214, 217f, 304, 489

isthmus 6, 43, 108, 114ffitraconazole 244, 391, 395, 477fivermectin 393

Jjunctional plakoglobin 93fjuri flap 463juvenile macular dystrophy and congenital

hypotrichosis 99

KKaposi’s varicelliform eruption 399kenogen 11fkeratin 6, 8, 12f, 90

trichilemmal 89, 109, 114f, 119, 121 –keratinocyte 6, 27, 33, 42, 58, 64

dyskeratotic 206, 261 –follicular 34, 35, 46, 260, 352 –growth factor (KGF) 5, 200, 520 –hair matrix 6, 58, 67, 261 –

necrotic 192, 217 –stem cell 3, 27 –

keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome 97, 99, 204, 233

keratoderma 96, 289palmoplantar 85, 95f, 195, 204, 303f, 335 –

keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans 188, 195, 202ff, 275, 303fclinical features – 203, 304pathogenesis – 203, 304pathology – 204, 304treatment – 204, 304

keratosis pilaris 204, 282, 303, 342kerion celsi 243ff, 292, 391

clinical features – 243differential diagnosis – 219, 469, 488pathogenesis – 243pathology – 244treatment – 244

ketoconazole 244, 395, 478, 521, 522KID sindrome 97, 233kinky hair disease 283KIT. see c-KITKrabbe disease. see globoid leukodystrophy

Llanceolate hair (lah) 94Langerhans cells 5f, 16, 19, 59, 64, 78, 200, 252,

313, 316lanolin 505lanugo hair. see hair, lanugolaser 431ff

alexandrite – 353, 373, 428, 431ff, 436ff, 494confocal laser scanning microscopy 76, 78, 143 –CO – 2 216diode 216, 353, 373, 428f, 431, 433, 437ff, 440, –443, 488, 494epilation 204, 216, 353, 488 –excimer 325f –Nd:YAG – 353, 373, 382, 428f, 431ff, 437ff, 494ruby 338, 428, 431f, 436, 442 –

laser hair removal 353, 373, 427fflatanoprost 350, 353latent period 164Lawrence-Seip syndrome. see lipoatrophyleishmaniosis 475

clinical features – 476pathogenesis – 476pathology – 476treatment – 477

lead 540leprosy 229, 242, 480, 530

clinical features – 472

554 Subject Index

multidrug therapy – 473pathogenesis – 472pathology – 473treatment – 473

leukonychia 288, 321leukotrichia 65f, 429, 442leuprolide 370levodopa 267LH. see luteinizing hormoneLH: FSH-ratio 363f, 366, 374lice 240, 392, 522lichen pilaris. see Lichen planopilarislichen planopilaris 141, 189ff, 192f, 195ff, 205f,

293, 305, 322classic –

clinical features – 190pathogenesis – 190pathology – 192treatment – 192

differential diagnosis – 198, 201, 322fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution – 195frontal fibrosing alopecia – 194Piccardi-Lassueur-Graham Little Syndrome – 195

lichen planus 189, 197, 219, 291, 343, 442lichen sclerosus and atrophicus 229, 250lichen simplex chorus 214, 290, 398, 402

clinical features – 398differential diagnosis 395, – 397, 402pathogenesis – 398pathology – 399treatment – 399

linear scleroderma. see also morphea 248, 344lindane 393lipase H 98ffLIPH gene 98lipoatrophy (Lawrence-Seip syndrome) 344lithium 266, 511LOD score 301, 314longitudinal ridging 321loose anagen hair syndrome 264, 275, 299ff

clinical features – 300diagnostic – 130f, 135fdifferential diagnosis – 295, 298, 415pathogenesis – 300pathology – 300treatment – 300

Ludwig scale 128, 172lues. see syphilislupus erythematosus 205, 291

discoid – 188, 196, 205, 322clinical features – 205differential diagnosis – 201, 252, 305, 322, 417, 471

pathogenesis – 205pathology – 206treatment – 207

systemic – 205, 265, 269lupus vulgaris 229, 242, 469fluteinizing hormone (LH) 28, 363f, 366f, 370flye straightener 511lymphoma 200, 229, 335, 386

CLL 53 –cutaneous – 154, 252Hodgkin’s 201 –Non-Hodgkin’s 386 –

lymphoproliferative disorders 229lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) 98

Mmalabsorption 265, 298, 348malassezia 394malathion 393male pattern baldness 28, 31, 33, 128, 160ff, 174,

448ff. see androgenetic alopecia, malemale pattern hair loss. see androgenetic alopecia,

malemale patterns of hair loss

Hamilton pattern 127f, 162f, 178, 336, 369 –Norwood’s pattern 127f, 162f, 172f, 178, 369, –450

malnutrition 235, 260, 265, 348, 480manganese 505, 540Marie Unna hypotrichosis 301

clinical features – 302pathogenesis – 302pathology – 302treatment – 302

mast cells 5f, 10, 17, 19, 44ff, 77growth factor. – see stem cell factor

matrix. see hair matrixmatting 391, 468mechanical hair quality test 142medulla 3ffmedulla. see hair shaftmelanin. see melanocytemelanocyte 5, 16ff, 23, 32, 109, 321

aging – 61ffculture – 67during hair cycle – 55ffepidermal – 54fffollicular – 31, 34, 54ffmelanin – 52ff, 64, 66f, 69, 70melanoblasts – 53ff, 64, 69melanocortin-1 receptor – 52, 60melanogenesis – 52ff, 58, 62, 64, 66, 69fmelanosomes – 52, 55, 57ff, 70

Subject Index 555

melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) 16, 45, 52, 60f, 69, 316α 16, 45, 52, 61, 69, 316 –β 61 –

melanocytic nevus 237, 336, 342facquired – 338congenital – 336

melatonin 27, 182melorheostatic scleroderma 344meningocele 229, 236, 343menopause 176, 183, 363Menkes disease 275f, 278, 281, 283f

clinical features – 284pathogenesis – 283pathology – 284treatment – 284

menstrual cycle 360, 367, 371fmental retardation 278f, 282, 286f, 335, 345, 347,

349mercaptan 508, 510mercury 149, 263, 540fmesenchymal–epithelial interactions 33mesenchymal sheath 6mesoderm 3, 5fmetabolic disorders

argininosuccinic aciduria 276ff –diabetes 243, 313, 322, 324, 340, 344, 362f, 366 –Hartnup disease 480 –homocystinuria 66 –phenylketonuria 66 –

metal 6, 64, 150, 263, 352, 506, 509, 540faluminium 540 –analysis – 148, 150farsenic 6, 263, 382, 540 –bismuth 207, 263, 506 –cadmium 263, 540 –chromium 6, 540f –copper 9, 64, 149, 263, 276, 281f, 439, 506, 540 –gold 190, 207, 253, 267, 430, 526f, 540 –heavy – 52, 149iron 6, 64, 149, 179, 259, 264f, 269, 298, 415, –506, 540lead 540f –magnesium 6 –manganese 505, 540 –mercaptan 508, 510 –mercury 149, 263, 540f –nickel 506, 540f –selenium 540 –

sulfide 244, 395, 521 –silver 76, 506, 540 –thallium 263, 540 –trace – 150

metformin 371f

methotrexate 207, 246, 250, 252, 266, 269miconazole 395micrograft 164, 240, 448f, 453microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) 53, 67microscopy

atomic force – 146confocal laser scanning – 75, 143electron – 144epiluminescence 141, – 268, 393light – 131, 135, 143optical – 136, 148optical light – 142polarizing – 136, 142scanning electron 91, 144, 279, 283, 287, 290, –478f

microsporum canis 293, 390gypseum 243 –

Miescher’s granulomatosis 229miniaturization 29, 117, 164, 176ff, 268, 311, 322minigraft 448minocycline 202, 213f, 473minoxidil 47, 134, 166, 179, 219, 253, 269, 328,

351, 462, 493in androgenetic alopecia 166, 179 –in cicatricial alopecia 193f, 196, 219, 253, 489 –

moisturizers 487, 491monilethrix 90, 94, 143, 275f, 278ff

clinical features – 279differential diagnosis – 281f, 291pathogenesis – 279pathology – 280treatment – 280

moniliform hair 90, 94, 279, 282morphea 248, 292, 339

clinical features 249 –pathogenesis 249 –pathology 250 –treatment 250 –differential diagnosis 250, 292 –

morphogenesis. see hair follicle, morphogenesismorphogenetic switch 13mousses 503f, 512MSH, α-. see melanocyte stimulating hormonemucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) 344fmulti-FU graft 449, 458, 462muscular hypotony 284myasthenia gravis 291, 313mycobacterium 469, 472

fortuitum – 213leprae – 242, 472ftuberculosis – 469f

mycophenolate mofetil 192f, 207mycosis 292, 475, 477

deep – 475ff

556 Subject Index

dermal – 475ftreatment – 477

mycosis fungoides 200, 322clinical features – 386differential diagnosis – 213, 322, 386

myotonic dystrophy Curschmann-Steinert 380myxedema 313, 349

pretibial – 349

Nnail

changes – 288, 311dystrophy – 90, 204, 282, 289, 321involvement – 292, 321loss – 346malformation – 92, 94, 97, 99, 204, 232, 237, 277, 279, 282, 287ff

nail-patella syndrome 300natural

ingredient – 517ffproduct – 516ff

Naxos disease 85, 95f, 99necrobiosis lipoidica 229, 252, 473necrosis 217, 231, 238, 242, 246, 401f, 436

caseating – 471melanocyte – 66radiation – 240

neonatal occipital alopecia 295neuroectoderm 1, 5f, 17, 231, 286, 343neurotrophins 17, 44, 46f, 75, 78, 80fnerve fiber 42ff, 76ff, 338

adrenergic – 43peptidergic – 43

nerve growth factor 42, 45, 78Netherton syndrome 275f, 278, 284ff, 285f

clinical features – 285pathogenesis – 285pathology – 285treatment – 286

neural network 43neurogenic inflammation 41, 46f, 422neurological

lesion/defect – 346ff, 381symptoms – 248, 284f, 347, 381, 394

nevoid trichostasis spinulosa 342nevus

Becker’s 337ff –Brauer’s 295f –comedonicus 343 –epidermal 237, 381 –epithelial 236 –of Jadassohn – . see also nevus sebaceous 236, 281organoid epidermal – . see also nevus sebaceous 229, 236, 381

melanocytic 336ff, 342f –verrucous epidermal – . see also nevus sebaceous 237, 381organoid epidermal 229, 236 –sebaceous – 236, 381

nexin-1 34nitric oxide 77fnitrogen mustard 202nickel 506, 540fNF-κB 3, 87NKI/beteb 54, 91nodes 281, 285

irregular – 281regular – 280

noggin 3, 91non-scarring alopecia 127, 141, 151f, 230, 273,

275, 291f, 297, 299diffuse – 262, 264, 275localized – 275, 318

Noonan syndrome 300Norwood classification 128notch 5, 314f

1 5 –4 gene 314f –

nude mice 35, 79, 90, 100nutritional disorder 108, 177, 479f

biotin deficiency 278 –niacin deficiency 479f –protein-calorie malnutrition 265 –zinc deficiency 265, 278 –

Ooccipital alopecia. see neonatal occipital alopeciaoculo-dento-digital dysplasia 97occupational medicine 539, 541oestrogen. see estrogenOliver-McFarlane’s syndrome 347oligosaccharids 521onychophagia 294, 412ophiasis type. see alopecia areata, ophiasisopiate receptor, μ 61optical coherence tomography 133, 148oral contraceptive pills 367, 370

in treatment of hirsutism 367, 370 –organochloride 393organoid nevus. see nevus sebaceousornithine decarboxylase inhibitor 373osteochondrodysplasia 347outer root sheath 3, 5ff, 10, 16, 33, 46, 54f, 58, 62,

64, 69, 86, 89, 109ffovarian suppression 370ovarian tumors. see tumors, ovarian

Subject Index 557

PP2RY5 gene 99fp63 gene 92, 289p75 neurotrophin receptor 3, 44, 46fpalagonia 282palmoplantar hyperkeratosis 97palmoplantar keratoderma 87, 95f, 195, 204, 303f,

335papular atrichia 302paracoccidioidomycosis 476paraneoplastic dermatosis 335, 348, 353paraphenylenediamine 400, 505, 507parasitosis

dilusion – 408, 411, 421patched gene 236P-cadherin 91PCOS. see polycystic ovary syndromepediculosis

clinical features – 393capitis 392 –pathogenesis – 392pathology – 393treatment – 393, 522

pelade. see alopecia areatapellagra 479

clinical triad – 480treatment – 480

pemphigoid 250, 251, 417cicatricial – 229, 250

penicillamine 267, 352perifollicular hemorrhages 294perifolliculitis (capitis) abscedens et

suffodiens 192, 209, 211ff, 468, 486clinical features – 212pathogenesis – 211pathology – 213treatment – 213

peripilar hair casts 393peripilar signs 141peptides

CGPR 80 –α-MSH 16, 45, 52, 61, 69, 316 –β-MSH 61 –neuropeptide 42, 45f, 47f, 60, 75ff, 422 –POMC 14, 17, 53, 61, 69 –substance P (SP) 17, 41, 43ff, 75ff, 80, 402, 422 –vasoactive intestinal peptide 47, 75, 77f –

permanent waves 500, 508ffacid 510 –alkaline 509f –buffered alkaline 510 –exothermic 510 –self-regulated 510 –sulfite 510 –

permethrins 393

petechiae 294phenylalanine dehydroxylase 58, 61phenylketonuria 66phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) 267, 349, 351pheomelanin 8, 70, 507fpheomelanogenesis 61photodynamic therapy 252, 382, 428ff, 438ff

to treat actinic keratosis 382 –to treat alopecia 252 –to treat basal cell carcinoma 382 –photoepilation 428ff, 438ff –

photoepilation 427ffphotosensitivity 205, 251, 286f, 346, 352, 368, 438,

479phototherapy 202

to treat cicatricial alopecia 202 –photothermolysis 338, 427fphototrichogram 17, 126, 130, 134, 136, 164, 301

automated – 138contrast-enhanced – 137conventional – 137TrichoScan – 138

physical retardation 278Piccardi-Lassueur-Graham Little syndrome 189,

195piebaldism 65ff, 344f, 347piedras

black – 478ftreatment – 478fwhite – 477ff

pigmentation of hair 1, 10, 12, 17f, 31, 34, 41, 52ff, 339, 347, 368, 441, 520biology 51ff –clinical relevance 64 –depigmentation 216, 283, 326 –dyspigmentation 488 –heterochromia 64 –hyperpigmentation 177, 199, 206, 251, 337f, –346, 349, 351, 436, 438, 493ffhypopigmentation 201, 216, 326, 382, 442f, 473 –regulation 60 –re-pigmentation, spontaneous 64 –

pili annulati 277, 282pseudo – 277

pili bifurcati 277pili multigemini 277pili torti 275f, 281ff, 283ff, 302

acquired – 282classic, Ronchese – 282clinical features – 282differential diagnosis – 280late onset, Beare – 282pathogenesis – 282pathology – 282treatment – 283

558 Subject Index

pili trianguli et canaliculi 277, 282fpilomatrixoma 380pilosebaceous unit 4f, 14, 19, 69, 80, 217, 219, 228,

380pineal gland 27pityriasis amiantacea 229, 246, 397pityriasis capitis. see seborrheic dermatitispityrosporum folliculitis 403placode 2, 3, 87, 91, 108plakophilin 93fplants

natural hair color 521 –oils 521 –phytotherapy 517 –

pluckinggrey hair 62 –history 526, 535 –hypertrichosis 353 –pseudofolliculitis barbae 494 –secondary cicatricial alopecia 230, 246 –trichogram 134ff –trichotillomania 294, 408 –

POEMS syndrome 349polarizing microscopy/ light microscopy 136,

142f, 287, 301poliosis 65ffPollitt syndrome 276, 278polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) 361f, 440

clinical features – 363pathogenesis – 363pathology – 363

polyostotic fibrous dysplasia 238polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) 503fpomade 503, 505Porokeratosis of Mibelli 229, 235porphyria 344, 346f

cutanea tarda 229, – 251, 346, 348clinical features – 251pathogenesis – 251treatment – 251

erythropoetic (Günther’s disease) – 346hypertrichosis – 346fvariegate 347 –

postpartum effluvium 259, 264, 269, 274posterior cervical hypertrichosis 342potassium 149, 180f, 368, 507, 521

channel – 166hydroxide – 213, 243, 478f, 510f

pregnancy 24, 28preservatives in shampoos 501, 516fpressure-induced alopecia 238primary hair follicle 88progeroid syndrome 286fprogressive kinking

acquired – 277

progesteronehydroxyprogesterone 357, 361ff, 374 –medroxyprogesterone 370f –synthetic 370 –

prolactin 27f, 358f, 365, 423hyperprolactinemia 360, 364, 372 –

pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) 14, 53, 61, 69prostate 32, 36, 161, 368

cancer – 165ff, 180, 335, 341, 368cell – 32

protein 3, 6, 55, 485, 519, 540gap junction – 96keratin-associated (KAP) – 6, 13matrix – 6melanogenesis-related – 55, 58, 66

protein-calorie malnutrition 265protoporphyria

erythropoetic – 346pruritus

alopecia areata 416 –alopecia mucinosa 201 –and burning of the scalp 402f –atopic dermatitis of the scalp 399 –classic lichen planopilaris 190 –discoid lupus erythematosus 205 –folliculitis decalvans 208, 210 –keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans 202 –Little syndrome 195 –pediculosis capitis 392 –porphyries 346, 396ff –postoperative 443, 462 –psoriasis 246 –scalp dysesthesia 422f –

pseudoeffluviumpsychogenic – 268, 409ff, 413, 423

clinical features – 423pathogenesis – 423treatment – 424

pseudofolliculitis barbae 215, 437, 489, 493ffpseudohermaphroditism 161pseudomonilethrix 275, 280f

I, familiar – 280II, acquired – 280III, iatrogenic – 280

pseudonits 493pseudopelade Brocq 154, 189, 196ff, 199, 230, 275,

304clinical features – 197, 305differential diagnosis – 192, 199, 201pathogenesis – 197, 305pathology – 198, 305treatment – 198, 305

pseudopelade of Degos 230pseudo pili annulati 277pseudoscleroderma 251

Subject Index 559

psoralens 195, 248, 325, 349, 352, 397psoriasis 19, 229, 246, 328, 352, 396ff, 410, 485

clinical features – 245, 396differential diagnosis 207, 219, 286, 293, – 391, 393, 395, 399f, 402pathogenesis – 245, 396pathology – 397treatment – 397

psychiatric disorder 410ff, 425primary – 410secondary – 414

psychocutaneous disorder 407ff, 425categorizing – 409

psychologicalimpact – 177, 268, 294, 322, 408ff, 414, 418

psychosocialeffects of male balding – 165problem – 414f, 417, 419

psychotherapy 294, 418f, 424PTG 138pubic hair. see also hair, pubic

acquired hypertrichosis lanuginose 335 –chemotherapy 263 –folliculitis decalvans 208 –frontal fibrosing alopecia 164f –hirsutism 358 –iatrogenic hypertrichosis 349, 351 –Ito’s type acromians IP 347 –monilethrix 279 –pili torti 282 –puberty 25f, 31 –responsiveness to androgens 10, 14, 23, 28f, 32, –161trichotillomania 294 –type of hair 10 –

pull test. see hair pull testPUVA therapy 195, 248, 250, 311, 323, 325f, 397pyoderma 275, 467ff

clinical features – 468differential diagnosis – 219, 293gangrenosum 229, – 247treatment – 469

Qquantitating hair loss 132ff, 468

Rradioimmunoassay (RIA) 151races, differences in hair 164, 487radiation

basal cell carcinoma 382 –causing alopecia – . see alopecia, radiation-inducedcausing temporary epilation 214, 263 –chronic dermatitis 240ff –

hair re-pigmentation after 64, 69 –psoralen UVA 325 –UV 55, 205, 338 –X-ray 202, 240 –

radiation-induced scalp tumors 382rapp-Hodgkin’s syndrome. see ectodermal dysplasia,

Rapp Hodgkinreactive oxygen species (ROS) 58, 61f, 64, 438red hair 52reductase

5α –deficiency 32ff –inhibitor 23, 31f, 36, 161, 172, 174, 182ff, 368 –type 1 32ff, 161 –type 2 23, 26, 32ff, 36, 161, 164, 167 –

relaxer. see hair relaxerretinoid 192, 194, 204, 207, 218f, 233, 252, 266,

269, 286, 298, 350, 489rheumatoid arthritis. see arthritisribbon/twist 287rickets 90, 99, 303ringworm 241, 391rinses 517, 522Rothmund-Thomson syndrome 289round grafts 447ff, 460fRubinstein-Taybi syndrome 344f, 380ruby laser. see laser, ruby

SSABDE 323SAHA syndrome 358ff, 367, 369ffsalicylic acid 233, 396f, 454sand-paper nails 321SAPHO syndrome 213sarcoidosis 229, 251ff, 380, 471

clinical features – 252pathogenesis – 252pathology – 252treatment – 252

Savin scale 128scalp biopsy 151scalp conditions

acne miliaris necroticans 417 –dermatomyositis 348 –pityriasis amiantacea 229, 246, 397 –psoriasis 19, 229, 246, 328, 352, 396ff, 410, 485 –seborrheic dermatitis 215, 246, 286, 363, 391, –394, 409, 467, 485, 521

scalp defect 408congenital – 296

scalp disordersacne keloidalis 154, 188, 484, 488ff, 495 –central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia 173, 178, –189ff, 489ff

560 Subject Index

dissecting cellulites 211, 242, 244, 401, 468 –traction alopecia 194, 199, 230, 238, 275, 294ff, –322, 484, 486, 489, 491ff

scalp extension 448, 463scalp hair 1f, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14f, 25

density – 15diameter – 9distribution – 127growth – 15, 28, 34, 52histology – 107fflength – 10

scalp infection 275scalp tumor 379ffscanning electron microscopy. see microscopy,

scanning electronscarring alopecia. see cicatricial alopeciaSchimmelpenning Feuerstein Mims syndrome 381scleroderma 247f, 291, 335, 344, 346

circumscribed – 154, 248en coup de sabre – 229, 248ff

sebaceous gland 2, 3, 4ff, 10, 19, 43f, 54, 57, 69, 76, 89, 110, 117

seborrheic dermatitis 215, 246, 286, 363, 391, 394, 409, 467, 485, 521clinical features – 394pathogenesis – 394pathology – 395treatment – 395, 521

secondary hair follicle 87selective photothermolysis 338, 427fselenium 540

sulfide 244, – 395, 521SEM 146senescent alopecia. see alopecia, senescentsensitizers

contact 325ff –photo 438f –

sex hormone binding globuline (SHBG) 173, 358f, 366

Sézary syndrome 386shampoo 500

antidandruff 395, 516, 521 –antifungal 244, 391 –baby 502, 517 –ciclopirox 244, 395, 521 –ketoconazole 378, 395, 522 –selenium sulphide 395 –tar 397ff –zinc pyrithione 394f, 521 –

shavingacne keloidalis nuchae 489 –black piedra 479 –folliculitis decalvans 210 –hirsutism 373 –

hypertrichosis 353 –primary cicatricial alopecia 215 –pseudofolliculitis barbae 493ff –removal techniques 428, 431 –white piedra 478 –

shedding 11f, 27f, 108, 131, 167, 176, 261ff, 276, 298active – 12, 27, 131diagnostic – 130, 133, 135, 137physiological – 276, 295

SHGB. see sex hormone binding globulinesilver 76, 506, 540skin

atopic – 288hypopigmented – 288scaling – 288

skin alteration 288skin cancer 240, 287, 380slit grafting 183, 447, 449, 457, 461slot grafting 447, 449, 457, 460smooth muscle hamartoma 339soft tissue expansion 447f, 463sodium

hydroxide 373, 486, 510f –lauraminopropionate 502 –

spina bifida 339f, 343spinal dysraphism 337, 342spironolactone 180ff, 350, 367, 372fsporotrichosis 476, 477squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) 325, 327, 329staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) 286staphylococcus 215, 286, 401f, 430, 488

aureus – 188, 201, 204, 208, 210, 215, 217f, 242, 399, 417, 467f

Steely hair disease 283Stein-Leventhal’s syndrome 353, 363fstele 209stem cell 2, 5f, 13, 15ff, 19, 27, 59, 71, 78ff, 117

factor/KIT – 34, 54, 69folliculitis – 154, 269ff

steroids 32f, 209, 248, 361adrenal 27, 361 –anabolic 150, 359, 365 –corticosteroids 323, 351, 365, 395, 399, 401, –462, 494, 521, 541glucocorticosteroids 349, 351, 357, 365, 367, –374gonadal 181 –intralesional 244, 250, 252, 324, 490 –oral 252, 398 –sex steroids 27, 361f –systemic 247 –topical 240, 250, 395, 397, 488ff –

streptococcus 467, 468

Subject Index 561

streptomycin 349f, 471stress 17, 19, 46, 264, 270, 315, 416ff, 422

emotional – 264, 410, 414, 422mediated hair growth inhibition – 45ffmelanogenesis-related oxidative – 62strain curve – 142to solid structures 142 –

strip harvesting 183stump-tailed macaque 33, 35, 179styling gel 503, 504substance P 17, 41, 43ff, 77ffsulfasalazine 267sulfur 6, 108, 149, 286f, 484, 505, 508

diagnostic – 149sunlight

effect to hair 502 –flutamide 368 –nevi 338 –porphyries 346 –psoralens 352 –

suprabulbar region 6surgical treatment 167, 183, 250, 296, 447ff, 493surfactants for shampoos 500, 502sweat gland 87f, 250, 276, 288f, 338syndactyly 282, 346syphilis 264, 269, 322, 474ff

clinical features – 474congenital – 475differential diagnosis – 322, 471, 473laboratory test – 474latent – 475pathogenesis – 474primary stage – 474secondary stage – 474fserological testing – 474tertiary stage 229, 242, – 475treatment – 475

syringomyelia 348

Ttacrolimus 193, 200, 207, 219, 248, 250, 252, 286,

352, 401hypertrichosis – 349, 352

tar 394ffTay syndrome 278, 286T-cell immunodeficiency 90, 99telogen effluvium. see effluvium, telogentelogen hair 10ff, 55, 57f

histology – 109, 114, 119temporal vertical flap 463temporary hair coloring 507terminal hair. see hair, terminaltensile stress 9terbinafine 244f, 391, 395, 479

terminal/vellus hair ratio 177testicular feminization 161, 368testosterone 23, 26, 28, 31ff, 36, 41, 159ff, 164, 173,

180ff, 215, 266, 350, 357ff, 423, 540dihydrotestosterone – . see dihydrotestosterone epitestosterone 540 –testosterone:epitestosterone ratio 542 –

tetracycline 192, 200, 202, 209f, 213, 216, 218, 401, 402, 475

texture of hairAfrican hair 536 –antepartum/postpartum 269 –acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa 336 –loose anagen hair 264, 275, 299ff –sentinel hairs 453 –woolly 95f, 99f, 277, 282, 342 –

thallium 263, 540thermal relaxation time 429thioglycolates 353, 373, 399, 494, 508ffthyroid

disease/dysfunction – 177, 179, 260, 269, 278, 291, 298f, 313, 349ffhormone receptor – 89, 161hormones – 27f, 179, 423

thyrostatic 266tiger-tail 142, 276, 287, 291tinea amiantacea 293tinea capitis 229, 243ff, 275, 292ff, 305, 390ff, 416

clinical features – 293, 390differential diagnosis – 201, 207, 213, 292, 294, 395, 399, 469favus – 245kerion – 243pathogenesis – 293, 390pathology – 293, 391treatment – 293, 391

TNF 34, 45, 87, 248, 299, 314f, 328, 396tonsure 414f, 417, 530, 535trachyonychia 311traction alopecia 194, 199, 230, 238, 275, 294ff,

322, 484, 486, 489, 491fclinical features – 295, 492pathogenesis – 295, 492pathology – 295, 492treatment – 295, 493

transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 3, 16, 23, 34f, 44, 164, 313, 518

traumachemical – 290, 296, 502physical – 290

tretinoin 193, 195f, 207, 216, 494isotretinoin 266, 269, 350, 370, 402, 468, 488f –

treponema pallidum 242, 474trichilemmal keratin 89, 109, 114f, 119, 121

562 Subject Index

trichoclasis 276, 290ftricho-dental syndrome 262trichogram 17, 126, 134ff

unit area – 126, 134ff,trichohyalin 7, 12, 317

granules 111 –trichomalacia 238, 294, 415trichomegaly

eyebrow/eyelash – 349, 352syndrome – 344, 347, 349

trichomycosis nodularis. see piedra, blacktrichophyton 243, 245, 292, 390, 395

tonsurans – 292, 390, 395mentagrophytes var. granulosum 243 –rubrum 243 –schoenleinii 245 –sulphureum 243 –verrucosum 243 –

trichoptilosis 276, 290ftrichorrhexis invaginata 147, 278, 282, 284fftrichorrhexis nodosa 98, 143, 275ff, 282, 286f, 290,

349circumscribed – 290 congenita – 275, 278

clinical features – 278pathogenesis – 278pathology – 278treatment – 278

distal – 290proximal – 290

trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 300TrichoScan 138ff, 295trichoschisis 276, 287, 290ftrichosporon 477trichostasis spinulosa 342trichotemnomania 294, 416, 420trichothiodystrophy 142, 275f, 286ff, 291, 484

clinical features – 287pathogenesis – 286pathology – 287treatment 287 –

trichotillomania 131, 275, 293ff, 409, 412, 414ff, 425clinical features – 294, 415differential diagnosis – 177, 268, 292f, 300, 322pathogenesis – 294, 414pathology – 294treatment – 294, 416

triptorelin 370ftrisomy 21 312tuberculosis cutis 229, 242, 469, 471

classification – 470clinical features – 470differential diagnosis – 252pathology – 471

treatment – 471tufted folliculitis 208ftumors

adnexal 229, 380f –adrenal 362, 366 –appendageal 236 –basal cell carcinoma 16, 218, 228, 236, 380ff –Brenner’s 364 –Carcinoid 359, 364 –carcinoma in situ 381 –cells 78 –epithelial 242 –gonadoblastomas 364 –granulomatous 242 –granulosa cell tumors 364 –hilus cell 364 –intracranial 240f, 387 –malignant 381, 387 –melanoma 67, 229, 335, 338f, 380, 383f, 387 –metastases 380, 384ff –ovarian 364 –pilomatrixoma 380 –pilosebaceous unit 380 –pituitary 357, 365 –primary 385 –scalp 379ff –sclerotic 215 –semi-malignant 382 –solid 229 –vascular 229 –

tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α 34, 45, 248, 299, 314f, 328, 396 –β 398 –

Turner syndrome 380twenty-nail dystrophy 321twisted hair 9, 142, 200, 276f, 281ff, 290, 294, 301f,

487, 535ftyrosinase 55, 58, 60f, 63, 69f, 283tyrosinase-related protein-1 55, 60ftyrosine

1 58, 60ff, 70 –Hydroxylase 55, 60 –

Uuncombable hair 277, 282f, 288urea 233, 240, 286

cycle 278 –

Vvalproic acid 231, 267variegate porphyria 347varicella 229, 231, 242vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 518,

520

Subject Index 563

vasodilator 349, 351vellus hair see hair, vellusvertebral

anomaly – 282, 343, 347column – 335, 342, 362

vibrissae follicle 13, 62, 519, 520 –nasal 340 –

videodermoscopy 126, 140vinyl acetate (VA) 503vitamin A 205, 233, 266, 518vitamin D 90, 99, 250, 302f

receptor 89 –vitiligo 54, 65ff, 291, 313, 322, 430, 443Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome 66

WWaardenburg syndrome 65, 67, 347warfarin 266, 269wash test 132, 268

AGA/TE – 132wave

acid permanent – 510alkaline – 510antioxidant 509 –permanent – 510

waxhair cosmetic – 504f, 527hair removal 129, 217, 353, 428, 431, 438 –

weathering 275f, 290f, 502weight loss 179, 361, 371, 373whisker hair 25, 35, 533white piedra. see piedrasWhn (winged-helix-nude) 90

wig 400, 491, 526, 528, 531ffWinchester syndrome 345Wnt signalling 3, 13wood light/lamp 293, 346, 390ff, 395, 399, 521woolly hair 95, 96, 99f, 277, 282, 335, 340, 342

XX-chromosomal chondrodysplasia punctata 234xeroderma pigmentosum 286fX-linked

chondrodysplasia punctata 234 –congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa 334 –dominant 232, 234, 289, 303, 334 –ectodermal Dysplasia 289 –hypohidrotic ectodermal Dysplasia 88 –Ichthyosis 233 –inheritance 87f, 203, –keratosis follicularis 303 –Menkes disease 283 –pili torti 289 –posterior cervical hypertrichosis 342 –recessive 87f, 99, 233, 283, 289 –

YYasmin 181ffyield stress 143Young’s modulus 143

Zzinc 149, 210, 266, 278, 520, 540

deficiency – 265, 278pyrithione – 394f, 521sulfate – 210, 213f, 219

Zoster. see herpes zoster

564 Subject Index