Subject Index

A

Aachener life quality inventory 682 Abdominal banding 801 - compartment syndrome (ACS) 817 - decompression 817 - distension 818 - echography 557 - perfusion pressure (APP) 792 - sepsis 368 Acetaminophen 591 Acetate 432 Acetylcholine 186 Acid-base physiology 427, 510 Acidemia 510 Acidosis 170, 233, 666, 799, 820, 845 Actin 436 Activated partial thromboplastin time

(aPTT) 664 - protein C (APC) 223 Activating factor-2 (ATF-2) 390 Activator protein (AP)-1 438 Acute aortic dissection 871 - lung injury (ALI) 66, 77, 81, 97, 104, 243,

264, 325, 542, 555, 591, 815, 855 - myocardial infarction 342 - phase response 137 - physiological and chronic health evaluation

(APACHE) 756, 911, 938 - pulmonary edema 864, 871 - renal failure 799, 825, 838, 859, 864, 871 - respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 15,

85, 95, 216, 244, 264, 268, 297, 305, 320, 438, 447, 539, 765

- - failure 339, 352 - tubular necrosis (ATN) 827,838 Adenosine 691 - triphosphate (ATP) 436, 620, 691 Adenylate cyclase 189, 196 Adhesion molecules 23, 117, 121,448,481 Adrenal insufficiency 492 Adrenergic drugs 499, 504 Adrenoceptors 496

Adrenomedullin 692 Aerophagia 343 Aerosol 287, 290 Afterload 211, 520, 546 Air embolism 136 - leakage 345 - tonometry 621 Airway 945 - closure 307 - inflammation 94 - management 856 - pressure 267 - - release ventilation (APRV) 243, 248,

268 Albumin 189, 430, 454, 836, 857 Albuterol 290 Aletectasis 244 Allopurinol 116 Alpha-4 integrin 12 Alveolar collapse 309 Alzheimer's disease 770 Amino acids 749, 452 Aminocaproic acid 658 Aminoglycosides 399, 409 Amiodarone 404 Amniotic fluid emboli (AFE) 891 Amphetamines 865 Amphotericin B 384 Anaerobic metabolism 595 Anaphylatoxins 43 Anesthesia 104, 153, 277, 461 Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 82,

100, 193 Anion gap 430 Antibiotic therapy 65, 365, 398, 642, 836 Anticoagulation 419 Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) 793, 819,

834 Anti-fibrinolytic agents 649, 653 Antifungal prophylaxis 382 Antimicrobials 399 Antioxidants 113, 391, 470, 622, 749 Antiplatelet agents 645

958 Subject Index

Antipseudomonal penicillins 409 Antithrombin 663 Aortic flow 548 Aotic blood velocity 557 APACHE-II 756 Apoptosis 3,46,68,77, 115, 117, 153, 173,

390, 393, 451, 461, 642, 780, 830 Aprotinin 654, 656 Arachidonic acid 468 - - products 101 Arginine 95, 194 Arrhythmia 192, 420, 613, 756 Arterial elastance 525, 549 - hypotension 235 - pressure 539, 543, 548 - - wave form analysis 555 Ascites 461, 782, 797 Aspergillus 382 Asphyxia 592, 878 Aspiration 88 Assist control ventilation (ACV) 341 Asthma 13, 291 Atelectasis 93, 305, 307, 327, 370 Atrial natriuretic peptide 842 Automatic tube compensation (ATC) 249 Autonomic nervous system 499 Auto-PEEP 325 Autopsies 951

B B cell antigen receptor (BCR) 392 Bacteremia 70 Bacteria 398, 473 Bacterial DNA 388 - translocation 450, 481 Barbiturates 156 Barotrauma 257 Base deficit 800, 858 - excess 427 Benzodiazepines 154, 757 Beta-hydroxybutyrate 432 Beta-lactamases 407 Bicarbonate 135,427, 512, 632, 882 Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) 243,

248, 270, 345 Bilirubin 236 Bio-impedance 619 Bladder pressure 795, 816 Bleeding 649 Blood pressure 446 - volume 522, 605, 616, 625 Bloodstream infections 376 Bohr's technique 571 Bone marrow transplant 383, 642 Bowel resection 483 Bradykinin 101, 189

Brain cooling 738 - death 234, 728 - dysfunction 451 - injury 592, 743 - ischemia 8 - lactate 592 Brainstem reflexes 721, 729 Branched-chain amino acids 752 Breath test 564 Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumo­

nia (BOOP) 370 Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 66, 82, 308,

329, 354, 371 Bronchoconstriction 245 Bronchodilator therapy 287, 346 Bronchoscopy 371 Buffer base 428 Burns 53, 455, 483, 853 Burst suppression 731

c C4-binding protein 44 Cadherins 26 Calcium 173, 183 - channel blockers 842, 874 Calmodulin 115 Candida albicans 751 - infection 376 Candidemias 384 Capillary transit times 104 Capnography 564, 568 Carbapenem 399, 400, 410, 411 Carbon monoxide 766, 855 Cardiac arrest 3, 421, 728, 877 - depression 204 - index 106, 522, 811, 858 - output 94, 187, 215, 243, 305, 446, 505,

519, 538, 545, 551, 555, 560, 576, 603, 947 - performance 559 - power 549 - surgery 133, 142, 655 - transplantation 124 - plumonary edema 340, 347, 357 Cardiogenic shock 519 Cardiolipin 170 Cardiomyopathy 166, 195, 891 Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) 41, 124,

133, 233, 454, 624, 879 - resuscitation (CPR) 877,917 Caspases 6 Catabolism 468 Catalase 116 Catecholamines 134, 234, 502, 519, 587 Catheter-related sepsis 368, 422 Caveolin 186 Cefepime 410

Ceftazidime 400, 403, 408 Cell adhesion 222 - death 3 - mediated immunity 50 Cellulose 843 Central nervous systems (CNS) 641 - venous catheter 408, 417, 612 - - oxygen saturation 608 - - pressure (CVP) 521, 541, 553, 608 Cephalosporins 399, 407, 408 Cephamycins 407, 410 Ceramide 87 Cerebral autoregulation 872 - blood flow (CBF) 691, 735, 748, 872 - compliance 704 - ischemia 693 - perfusion 591, 700, 770 - - pressure (CPP) 157, 543, 794 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 592, 688, 701, 738,

751 Cerebrovascular accidents 715 Chemokines 28, 69, 779 Chemoreceptors 258 Chemotherapy 419 Chest radiography 422 - wall mechanics 816 Children 688, 877 Chloride 511 Chloroquine 393 Cholecystitis 368 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD) 281, 287, 344, 353, 356, 575, 584

Cirrhosis 902 Cisapride 485 Cisatracurium 404 Clavulanic acid 407 Clinical pulmonary infection score

(CPIS) 366 Clonidine 866 Closed-loop mechanical ventilation 261 Clostridia 891 Clotrimazole 380 Coagulation 41, 100, 113, 114, 125, 222, 649 Coagulopathy 661, 799 Cocaine 865 Cochrane meta-analysis 454 Colloid 857 Colonization 408 Community-acquired pneumonia 340 Complement 39,41, 130, 142,643 Compliance 266, 301, 315, 321, 326, 327,

699 Computerized tomography (CT) 300,314,

675, 751, 760 Confusion 717,749 Congestive heart failure 117, 370, 528

Subject Index 959

Consciousness 715 Constant-flow interrupter method 583 Continuous infusion 402 - positive airway pressure (CPAP) 248, 282,

291, 339 - renal replacement therapy (CRRT) 843 - venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) 843 Contractility 216, 522, 545 Controlled mechanical ventilation

(CMV) 243 Coombs test 641 Coop/Wonca charts 681 Coronary artery bypass surgery 505 - blood 178 - perfusion 218 - - pressure 187, 524, 879 Corticosteroids 124, 367, 370, 645, 709 Corticosterone 56 Corticotropin -releasing hormone

(CRH) 494 Cortisol 481, 492, 50 5 C-reactive protein (CRP) 43,45 Creatine kinase (CK) 734 Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) 167 Creatinine 378, 833, 948 Critical illness polyneuropathy 750 Cryoprecipitate 651 Crystalloid 224, 427, 457 Cyanide 855 Cyanocobalamin 870 Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

(cAMP) 187 - guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) 187 Cycling-off ventilatory assist 255 Cyclo-oxygenase 197 Cytochrome c 78 Cytokine 65, 78, 122, 130, 137, 232, 308,

436, 472, 505, 770, 828 Cytosine poly-guanine 388

D Data collection 925 D-dimer 571 Dead space 281, 303, 564 Death 678, 900, 914 - domain (DD) 80 - receptors 80 Decay accelerating factor 44 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 55 Delirium 717 Dendritic cell 392 Depression 769 Desmopressin 651, 656 Dextran 857 Diabetic ketoacidosis 427 Dialysis 839

960 Subject Index

Diaphragm 244, 268, 795, 815 Diaphragmatic fatigue 248 Diastolic performance 528 Diazoxide 866 Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) 761 Digoxin 192 Dimethylthiourea (DMTU) 439 Dinucleotides 388 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) 431 Disability rating scale (DRS) 673, 677 Discharge 937 Discrimination 923 Dissecting aortic aneurysm 864 Disseminated intravascular coagulation

(DIC) 654, 665 Diuretics 840 Dobutamine 195, 485, 501, 504, 530, 620,

793 Docosahexaenoic acid 468 Dopamine 56, 134, 152, 500, 620, 624, 841,

868,904 Dopexamine 500, 504, 607, 620 Doppler 417,521,528,544,549,553,556,

616, 827 Double indicator dilution method 614 Drug-induced fever 371 Dysoxia 587 Dyspnea 346

E Echocardiography 215, 520, 525, 618 Eclampsia 864, 871 Edema 854 Edinburgh-2 coma scale 722 Eicosanoids 469, 471 Eicosapentaenoic acid 468 Ejection fraction 519, 530 Elastance 702, 815 Elastase 29, 329, 782 Electrocardiogram (EKG) 422, 947 Electroencephalogram (EEG) 730, 750, 759 Electrolyte disturbances 494 Electrophoresis 694 Electrophysiological tests 729 Enalaprilat 867 Encephalopathy 715, 729, 865 End of life decisions 944 End-expiratory lung volume 270 Endosomes 390 Endothelial cell 30, 32, 39, 438, 461, 471 - permeability 114 - specific molecule-l 29 Endothelin antagonists 842 Endothelins 100 Endothelium 19, 24, 100, 107, 113, 121, 158,

189, 222, 421, 448

Endotoxemia 225 Endotoxin 95, 125, 130, 439, 450, 482, 827,

829,834 - shock 123, 224 Endotracheal (ET) tube 283, 339, 352, 581,

619, 880 - epinephrine 884 End-systolic elastance (Ees) 523 - stress 530 Enteral nutrition 481 Enterobacter 407 Enterococcus 410 Eosinophilia 495 Epinephrine 105, 134, 500, 503, 607, 620,

883 Epithelial cells 86 - neutrophil activating protein

(ENA) 78 69 Epithelium 81, 97 Erythrocyte 46, 428 Erythromycin 411, 485 Esmolol 867, 872 Esophageal balloon 812 - candidiasis 384 - Doppler 606 - pressure 308, 817 Estrogens 55 Ethyl pyruvate 440 Etomidate 493 Exercise 261, 525, 590, 739, 742 Expiratory positive airway pressure

(EPAP) 345, 354 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

(ECMO) 328, 769, 877, 884 Extravascular lung water (EVLW) 559,

616

F Fas ligand 5 Fat metabolism 503 Feeding tubes 485 Fenoldopam 868, 872, 874 Fenoterol 500, 504 Fentanyl 151 Fever 369, 372 Fibrinogen 651, 655, 661, 665 Fibrinolysis 114, 664 Fibrinolytic system 662 Fibroblasts 171 Fibrosis 82, 83, 108 Fick principle 619 Fish oil 471 Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 115 - mononucleotide (FMN) 115 Flow cytometry 18 Fluconazole 380, 382, 404

Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) 761

- infusion 558 - loading 539 - responsiveness 553 - therapy 634 Flutamide 56 Forced oscillation technique 584 Frank-Starling relation 520, 545 Free radical 4 Fresh frozen plasma 650 Functional assessment measure (FAM) 678 - independence measure (FIM) 678, 679 - residual capacity (FRC) 582, 815 Fungal infections 377 Furosemide 797, 825, 841

G Galveston orientation and amnesia test

(GOAT) 674 Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) 749 Gas exchange 245, 248, 269, 310 Gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) 632 - tonometry 499, 510, 620, 632 Gastrointestinal system 947 - tract colonization 409 Gelatin 461 Gender 50 Gene expression 694 - transcription 391 Genital tract sepsis 891 Gibbs-Donnan equilibria 431 Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 674,700,717,

729, 742, 873, 926, 945 Glasgow Liege scale 720 Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 673, 677, 700 Global end-diastolic volume (GEDV) 559 Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 792,817,

826,834 Glucagon 481 Gluconeogenesis 505 Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infu-

sion 195 Glutathione 5, 189, 437, 691 - peroxidase (GPX) 116 Gyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

(GAPDH) 436 Glycolysis 192, 503 Glycopeptide 399, 401 Good clinical practice (GCP) guidelines 146 Gram-negative bacilli 410 - - bacteria 388, 399 - - sepsis 407 - positive bacteria 399, 439 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

(G-CSF) 70, 84, 85

Subject Index 961

Guillain-Barre syndrome 142, 873 Gut mucosal hyperpermeability 441 - associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) 482

H Halothane 179 Handicap 680 Head trauma 451, 699, 709 Heart rate 519, 528, 551, 618 - - variability 234 - surgery 379 Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) 280 - loss 278 - shock proteins (HSP) 53 Heated ventilator circuit 283 Heatstroke 742 Helium 291 Helmet 358 Hematuria 944 Hemodiafiltration 843 Hemodialysis 409, 842 Hemodynamic instability 484 - monitoring 537, 612 Hemofiltration 123, 129, 217 Hemoglobin 189 Hemoglobinuria 944 Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) 641 Hemophilia A 651 Hemorrhage 460, 667, 890, 951 Hemorrhagic shock 51, 233, 436, 446, 473,

589 Hemostasis 652, 661 Henderson-Hasselbalch equation 429, 510 Hepatic failure 751, 833 Hepatic vein catheter 619, 625 Hepatocyte growth factor 693 Hepatorenal failure 833 - syndrome 238 Hepatosplanchnic function 626 - lactate 592 Herpes 645 Hibernation 194 High dependency unit 940 High fidelity pressure catheter 525 - frequency ventilation 308 - risk surgery 624 Hormones 135 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 355,

372 Humidification 275 Hydralazine 866, 871 Hydrocephalus 702 Hydrocortisone 492 Hydrogen peroxide 435 Hydroxyandrostenedione (4-0HA) 56 Hydroxyethyl starch 461, 514

962 Subject Index

Hydroxyl radical (OW) ll5, 435 Hypercalcemia 511 Hypercapnia 569 Hypercapnic acute respiratory failure 347 Hyperchloremic acidosis 514 Hyperdynamic state 857 Hyperglycemia 290, 468, 503, 735 Hyperinflation 314 Hyperkalemia 845 Hypermetabolism 482 Hypertension 894 Hypertensive crises 863 Hyperthermia 735, 741 Hypertonic saline 446, 857 Hypertonicity 447 Hypertrophic cardiopathy 560 Hyperventilation 587 Hypoalbuminemia 454 Hypocapnia 735 Hypoglycemia 756 Hyponatremia 461, 494, 756 Hypotension 132, 828 Hypothalamus 233 Hypothermia 593, 661, 663, 691 Hypovolemia 206, 223, 458, 836, 857 Hypovolemic shock 543 Hypoxanthine 435 Hypoxemia 305, 768 Hypoxia 93, 222, 233, 589, 595, 626, 728, 754 Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction 93,

469

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 142 Ileus 461, 758, 799 Immune response 51, 472, 502 Immunocompromised patients 354 Immunoglobulins 45, 121, 142, 392 Immunomodulation 787 Immunostimulation 394 Immunosuppression 53, 448, 482 Impedance 584 Indicator-dilution technique 102 Indocyanine green (ICG) 522, 614 Infection 408 Inflammation 15, 33, 448 Inflammatory cascade 58, 79 Inhaled nitric oxide 210, 328 - steroids 290 Inhibitor of apoptosis (lAP) 78 Innate immunity 66, 72, 394 Innsbruck coma scale 722 Inotropes 607, 634, 858 Inspiration 540 Inspiratory muscle 255 - valve 260

Insulin 504, 5ll Integrins 25, 28, 121 Intercellular adhesion molecule

(ICAM)-1 12, 39, 171, 392, 448, 482, 784 Interferon (IFN)-y 28, 85, 152, 393 Interleukin (IL)-1 40, 121,779,857 - - receptor antagonist (IL-lra) 142 - - - associated kinase (IRAK) 391 - 2 471 - 8 152 - 10 71, 73, 171, 450, 787 - 18 70 Intermittent mandatory ventilation

(IMV) 243, 341 - positive airway pressure (IPAP) 344 International classification of disabilities and

handicaps (ICIDH) 676 Intestinal permeability 482, 624 Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) 792 - infection 382, 4ll - pressure (lAP) 245, 815 Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) 195 Intracerebral hematomas 873 Intracranial pressure (ICP) 156, 593, 699,

735, 758, 794, 820, 945 Intraosseous vascular access 882 Intrathoracic blood volume (ITBV) 522,

616 - pressure 538 Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure

(PEEPi) 287 Iron 191 Ischemia/reperfusion (I1R) 3, 32, 39, 165,

177, 194,440 Isoflurane 177, 759 Isoniazid 590 Isoproterenol 500

J Jejunostomy 485 Jugular veins 740

Ketoconazole 379 Ketone bodies 469 Klebsiella 407

L Labetalol 404, 868, 873 Lactate 135, 215, 233, 432, 504, 506, 5ll,

587, 625, 728, 818, 904 - dehydrogenase (LDH) 588, 626 Lactose/mannitol (LIM) clearance 482 Lactulose 623

Laryngeal injury 855 Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) 856 Lead-time bias 926 Lectin 24 Left atrial pressure (LAP) 521 - heart performance 519 - ventricular assist device (LV AD) 234 - - end-diastolic area (LVEDA) 556 - - - volume (LVEDV) 606 - - stroke volume (LVSV) 606 Leukemia 142, 383 Leukocyte 23, 28, 97, 121, 151, 156, 158,

181, 778 - adhesion 114 - recruitment 17 Leukocytosis 372 Leukotriene 29, 475, 780 Lexipafant 788 Lidocaine 158 Lidocaine 624 Linoleic acid 468 Lipid peroxidation 690, 758 Lipolysis 506 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 27, 66, 151, 197,

226, 749 Lipoteichoic acid 439 Lithium 606 Liver dysfunction 451 - surgery 657 - transplant 624, 655 Local anesthetics 157 Logistic organ dysfunction (LOD) score 357,

899, 906, 921 Long-chain triglycerides (LCT) 467 Lorazepam 757 Low density lipoprotein (LDL) 46, 115 Lower inflection point (LIP) 297, 306, 322 L-selectin 448 Lumbar puncture 761 Lung dysfunction 450 Lung function 579 - injury score (LIS) 366, 786 - mechanics 300 - scintigraphy 573 Lymph duct 481 Lymphocyte 50, 84, 151,482, 501 Lysine analogs 654

Macrolides 399 Macrophage 65, 69, 70, 72, 85, 389, 391, 394,

447,473, 781 - inflammatory protein (MIP) 66, 82, 391 Magnesium 432 Magnetic resonance image (MRI) 675, 760,

770

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) 70, 392

Mannan binding lectin (MBL) 43 Mannitol 840

Subject Index 963

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 205 Maximum SOFA score 901 Mean transit time 615 Mechanical ventilation 209, 243, 253, 281,

287,305,314,321,331,344,606,917 Mediastinitis 142 Mediators 332 Membrane attack complex (MAC) 41 Meningitis 411, 689 Meropenem 400 Mesenteric blood flow 225 - ischemia 234 Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) 694 Meta-analyses 455, 656 Metabolic acidosis 429, 511, 5l3, 856, 884 - alkalosis 427, 429 - rate 502, 609 Methemoglobin 856 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

(MRSA) 367 Methylene blue 232 Methylprednisolone 7lO Metoclopramide 56, 485 Metronidazole 399 Micro-abcesses 749 Microalbuminuria 116 Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia 864 Microcirculation 122, 446 Microvascular blood flow 221 Midazolam 155, 404, 757, 758 Military antishock trouser (MAST) 819 Minimum inhibitory concentration

(MIC) 399, 409 Mitochondria 436, 469, 856 Mitochondrial changes 86 - disturbance 45 - dysfunction 830 - oxidative phosphorylation 502 - oxygen utilization 224 - permeability transition 5 Mitogen-activate protein kinase

(MAPK) 171,390,780 Mitral valve insufficiency 370 Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvOz) l34,

550, 610, 856 Moisture loss 278 Molsidomine 225 Monitoring 346 Monocaboxylate transporters (MCTs) 440 Monocarboxylate/proton co-transporter

(MCT) 588 Monoclonal antibodies 31 Monocyte l3, l32

964 Subject Index

- chemoattractant protein (MCP)-l 152,391 Monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) 624 Morbidity 604 Morbidly obese 797 Morphine 151, 404 Mortality 52, 134, 143, 232, 323, 340, 367,

421, 448, 454, 483, 609, 675, 766, 807, 8lO, 838, 842, 889, 937

- prediction model (MPM) 907, 913 Multiple inert gas elimination technique (MI­

GET) 303, 328 Multiple organ dysfunction (MOD)

score 899, 919 Multiple organ failure (MOF) 123, 323, 356,

481, 839 Muscle function 265 - proteolysis 504 - relaxants 268 Myeloperoxidase 329, 436 Myocardial blood flow 878 - infarction 4, 44, 864, 951 - injury 15, 167, 593 - ischemia 216, 528 - oxygen supply 187 - performance index (MPI) 526 - preconditioning 169 - stunning 178 Myocarditis 187, 197, 891 Myocardium 165 Myoglobin 944

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 118,436,623, 784, 835

Nasogastric tube 485 Natural killer (NK) cells 70, 152, 391, 393 Necrosis 173 Necrotizing fasciitis 18 Negative expiratory pressure 309 Nerve growth factor 693 Neural control 253 Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist

(NAVA) 257 Neurobehavioral rating scale (NRS) 678, 680 Neurocognitive impairment 765 Neuro-mechanical uncoupling 260 Neuron specific enolase (NSE) 688 Neuronal death 690 Neutrophil 14, 155, 171,448 - endothelial cell interactions 12 NG-monomethyl-L-arginine 227 NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester

(L-NAME) 829 Nicardipine 867, 869 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

(NADPH) 115,435

Nifedipine 866, 869, 873, Nitrates 95 Nitric oxide (NO) 4, 41, 83, 93, 100, 113,

151, 169, 186, 221, 232, 328, 390, 514, 741, 748, 780, 825, 829, 870

- - synthase (NOS) 93 Nitrogen balance 470 Nitroglycerin 227, 871 Nitroprusside 868, 869, 874 Non-invasive mechanical ventilation

(NIV) 291, 339, 352 Norepinephrine 134, 216, 235, 481, 485, 499,

500, 504, 550, 620, 828 Nosocomial infection 357 - pneumonia 359 Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) 39, 81, 151,

152, 171, 194, 389,436, 780 - magnetic resonance (NMR) 734 Nutritional support 481 Nystatin 380

o Obstetric admissions 892 - critical illness 889 Occlusion pressure 265 Oleic acid 81 Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) 388 Oliguria 461 Olive oil 470 Omeprazole 621 Opiate alkaloids 150 Opioid 645 Organ dysfunction 435, 899, 922 Orthogonal polarization spectral (OPS) imag-

ing 227 Outcome 676, 756, 838, 938 Overdistension 326 Oxidative stress 7, 113, 170,688,690,782 Oxygen consumption (V02) 501, 502, 828 - delivery (D02) 221, 303, 505, 511, 587,

603 - extraction 603, 619 - reactive species (ROS) 78 - toxicity 305 - transport 484

p

Pancreatitis 117, 125, 132, 368, 383, 450, 483, 484, 777

Parenteral nutrition 467 Partial liquid ventilation 317 Passive-active humidifier 283 Patient examination 942 PCOz-gap 224 Peak velocity (PV) 617

Penicillins 399 Pentagastrin 621 Pentobarbital 757 Pentoxifylline 121, 394, 836 Peptidoglycan 388, 439 Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

(PEG) 759 Perflubron 317 Pericardium 214 Periodic epileptiform discharges (PED) 759 Peritoneal dialysis 797 Peritonitis 28, 123, 314, 381, 454, 455, 483 Permeability 623 Permissive hypercapnia 308, 322, 512 Peroxynitrite 4, 83, 97, 167, 187, 224, 435,

749,830 Persistent vegetative state (PVS) 728 Phagocytosis 69 Phencyclidine 865 Phenobarbital 757, 758 Phentolamine 870 Phenylephrine 500, 504 Phenytoin 757, 758, 759 Pheochromocytoma 873 Phosphate 749 Phosphatidylserine 69, 79 Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 122, 191 Phosphofructokinase (PKF) 594 Phospholipase A2 783 - C 233 Physical dependence 677 Pituitary gland 495 Placenta previa 890 Plasma 644 - disappearance rate (PDR) 625 - volume 446 Plasmapheresis 642 Plasmids 409 Plasmin 653, 654, 662 Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 117,

223,662 Platelet 39, 40, 125, 159, 661, 864 - activating factor (PAF) 14, 41, 131,472,

779 - aggregation 114 - count 658 - derived growth factor (PDGF) 661 - transfusions 645 Pleural effusion 369 - pressure 253, 815 Pneumonectomy 370 Pneumonia 18, 65, 71, 77, 313, 352, 447,

461 Pneumotharax 421, 613 Poly (ADP-ribose) synthase (PARS) 225 - polymerase (PARP) 436 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 379

Subject Index 965

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) 39, 65, 97, 132, 222, 435, 779

Polyneuropathy 945 Poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 467 Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 96,

244, 270, 297, 206, 313, 322, 326, 352, 537, 555, 580, 618, 792, 854, 927

Post -anoxic coma 728 - antibiotic effect (PAE) 398 - traumatic stress disorder 769 Potassium 432 Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) 864 Preload 520, 555, 879 - responsiveness 538, 606 Pressure and/or volume limited ventilation

(PVLV) 323 - control ventilation (PCV) 344 - support ventilation (PSV) 248, 291, 352 - time product 267 - volume index (PVI) 702 - volume loops 523 Prevention 410 Primary hemostasis 658 Pro calcitonin 692 Pro-hemostatic therapy 649 Prolactin 52, 56, 500 Prone position 308, 325, 330, 327 Prophylaxis 379, 382 Propofol 153, 183, 404, 757, 758 Proportional assist ventilation (PAV) 249,

257 Propranolol 506 Prostacyclin (PGI2) 100, 225, 450, 475 Prostaglandin 52, 122, 826 - El 622 - E2 449 Proteases 78, 782 Protectin 44 Protein C 663 - metabolism 504 - kinase C 695 Proteomics 694 Prothrombin complex concentrates

(PCCs) 650 Proximal tubular pressure (PTP) 794 Pseudo-membranous colitis 368 Pseudomonas 400, 407 Psychological outcome 769 Pulmonary abscess 369 - artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) 521,

537, 553, 613 - - catheter 106, 372, 550, 553, 605, 613 - - pressures 235 - contusion 370 - edema 330, 370 - embolism 370, 568 - function 475

966 Subject Index

- hemorrhage 370 - hypertension 213, 438 - vascular resistance (PVR) 124 - vasoconstriction 431 Pulse check 879 - contour analysis 558 - pressure 555 - - variation (PPV) 538 Pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) 436 Pyruvate 135

Q Quality of life 711, 765, 766 Quinolones 399, 411

R Randomization 143 Randomized controlled trials 323, 447, 454,

484 Reaction level scale 721 Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) 78 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) 4, 28, 113,

390,435, 448, 749 Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)

curve 901 Recombinant activated factor VIla 667 Recruitment 300, 306, 313, 325, 331 - maneuvers 327 Red blood cell 222,450, 616, 663 Rehabilitation 676 Relaxation 525 Remifentanil 151 Renal failure 133 - function 403 - impairment 455 - perfusion pressure (RPP) 794 - replacement therapy (RRT) 825 Renin-angiotensin system 82, 826, 874 Reperfusion 116 - injury 178 Resistance 266, 281, 287, 583 Respiratory acidosis 346, 430, 569 - drive 265 - mechanics 266, 281, 330 - muscle 345 Reticuloendothelial system 469 Rhabdomyolysis 756, 757 Rib fractures 757 Right atrium 423 - ventricular failure 520

outflow 302 end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) 522, 554, 614, 811, 819 failure 209

Ringer's ethyl pyruvate solution 435

Riyadh intensive care program (RIP) 914 Ropivacaine 158

5 Safflower oil 472 Saturated fatty acids (SFA) 467 Schistocytes 641 Scintigraphy 370 Scoring syystems 911 Secondary ARDS 331 Sedation 246, 341, 355 Seizures 715, 733, 874 Select in 12, 24, 27, 32, 121 Selective digestive decontamination

(SOD) 380, 411, 777 Sepsis 13, 17,23,52,95, 121, 129, 197,357,

449,492,496,514,766,799,825 Septic encephalopathy 748 - shock 12, 30, 132, 232, 388, 461, 496, 514,

520, 812 Sequential organ failure assessment

(SOFA) 799, 899, 922, 938, Serotonin 105 Severe sepsis 608 Severity of illness 911 Sevoflurane 177 Sex steroid 51 Shunt fraction 303 Sialyllewis X (SleX ) 24 Sickness impact profile (SIP) 679, 680 Sighs 270 Signal tansduction 390 Simplified acute physiology score

(SAPS) 357, 644, 907, 912 Single-photon-emission computed tomogra-

phy (SPECT) 760 Sinusitis 368 Skeletal muscle 594 Smoke inhalation 855 Snakebite 204 Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) 115 Spinal cord dysfunction 451 - injury 710 Splanchnic blood flow 473, 485, 619, 620,

625 - oxygen delivery 608 - perfusion 236, 633, 811 Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) 924 Staphylococcus 401, 410 Statins 194 Status epilepticus 729, 754 Steatosis 468, 505 Steroids 830 Streptococcus 891 Stroke 678 - distance 549

- volume 546, 556 - - variation (SVV) 539, 558 - work 545 - - index 613 Strong anions 432 - ion difference ( SID) 513 Stunned myocardium 530 Stunning 194 Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) 705 Subclavian vein 419 Subcutaneous extravasation 421 Superior vena cava 420 Superoxide 4, 118, 122, 155, 158, 191 - dismutase (SOD) 40, 116, 436, 691, 784 - radical (OHz -) 115, 435 Supervision rating scale (SRS) 679, 682 Surfactant 278 Survival 355 Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventila­

tion (SIMV) 247, 268 Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) 125, 234,

612, 819, 857, 864 Systolic pressure variation 538

T T cell 393 Tamponade 216, 546, 589 Target drive ventilation (TDV) 261 T-cell 449 Temperature 276, 280 Temporary abdominal closure (TAC) 794 Terlipressin 236 Testosterone 53 Tetrabydrobiopterin (BH4 ) 115 Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) 402 Therapeutic intervention scoring system

(TISS) 143, 911, 938 Thermodilution 559, 613, 811 Thermogenic effect 502 Thermoregulation 860 Thiocyanate 856, 870 Thiosulfate 870 Thrombocytopenia 468, 641, 663, 664 Thromboelastography (TEG) 665 Thrombo-embolic disease 892 Thrombolysis 100, 573, 575 Thromboplastin 665 Thrombosis 421 Thrombospondin receptor 85 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

(TTP) 641 - micro angiopathies (TMA) 641 Thromboxane A2 661 Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 500 Tidal volume (VT) 247,265,299,308,317,

322

Subject Index 967 -------..,;-Tissue biopsy 378 - factor 652 - plasminogen activator 194 Toll-like receptor 197, 388 Tonometry 237 Tracheal gas insufflation 314 Tracheostomy 275 Tranexamic acid 654, 656 Transcription factor activator protein

(AP)-1 83 Transesophageal echo cardiography

(TEE) 422, 521, 538, 556 Transforming growth factor (TGF)-P 153,

449, 472, 780 Transfusion 604, 634, 658, 859 Transmigration 29 Transplantation 354, 376, 382, 483 Trauma 50, 53, 246, 421, 451, 455, 495, 661,

711, 767, 901 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) 673, 688, 699 Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle 436, 439 Tricuspid insufficiency 211, 214, 560 Trigger phase 264 Triglycerides 154, 469 Troponin 191 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 5, 40, 65, 78,

121, 130, 152, 186, 391, 449, 472, 523, 779, 835,857

Tyrosine kinases 26, 194

u Ultrafiltration 132, 844 Ultrasound 372 - guidance 417 Unstable angina 342, 864 Upper airways 740 Urinary tract infection (UTI) 369, 411 Urine color 944 - output 235, 859 Urodilantin 842

Valproic acid 757, 759 Vancomycin 367, 401, 403 Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) 26,

448 - endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 194,

693 - injury 864 Vasoconstriction 223, 511, 543, 835, 879 Vasodilatation 232, 511, 512, 834 Vasodilator therapy 221 Vasodilatory shock 234 Vasopressin 232, 826, 828, 835, 883

968 Subject Index

Vasopressor therapy 216, 550, 883 Vegetative state 678, 716 Velocity of shortening 530 Venography 423 Venous admixture 328, 569 - return 213, 244, 446, 538, 819 Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) distribu-

tion 244, 268, 512, 566 Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) 352,

365, 411, 485, - induced lung injury (VILI) 305, 322, 579 Ventilatory assist 254 Ventricular ejection time (VET) 618 - fibrillation (VF) 877 - interdependence 214 - performance 544 - power 525 Verotoxin 643 Viral infections 394 Vitamin C 116 - E 116,470 Volatile anesthetics 177

Voltage-operated L-type calcium channel (VOC) 191

Volume expansion 553 - loading 216 - of distribution 400 Volumetric capnography 564 Von Willebrand factor (vWf) 117,642 Voriconazole 384 Washout phenomenon 626 Weaning 250, 260, 347, 356, 545 - tool 264

Wimbledon self report scale (WSRS) 679,681 Work of breathing (WOB) 249, 265, 267,

339, 352

Xanthine oxidase (XO) 4, 115, 435, 622, 782 Xenon 182