SU Session 3 Part 2
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Transcript of SU Session 3 Part 2
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The history of flowcharts
Flowcharts were first introduced in engineering in the 1920s to show the
workings of automated systems.
Today they are often used to represent the steps in a process in the form of
boxes connected by arrows.
The same format is used for descriptive and prescriptive processes.
The boxes may include decision point boxes (often diamond-shaped)
and/or action boxes (usually rectangular).
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The vagueness of arrows
Although there are context-specific classifications of types of flowchart withapproved vocabularies of participants and connections, flowchart stylediagrams come in many different guises and have many different functions.
In the social semiotic analysis of flowchart style diagrams and instructional
pictures we assume that arrows always mean does something to, but whatkind of doing is intended is often unclear
The arrows between whole clauses or their visual equivalents areconjunctive and may indicate temporal sequence or causality, but which of
these two applies.
This can be problematic as diagrams are meant to be precise andunambiguous, often thought to be universally comprehensible.
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The layout of diagrams
Not all flowchart style diagrams are designed to be read from top to
bottom.
In centre-margin diagrams, participants are arranged around a
central element, and thereby represented as, in some sense,subservient or dependent on, or complementary to, the central
element.
In horizontally oriented flowchart style diagrams, the rightmostelement will have special emphasis as the New.
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The colour of diagrams
Colour is used in many diagrams, often according to a consistent colour
code, or legend.
But sometimes it is not clear how we are to interpret the colours and we
must assume that the effect is meant to be aesthetic and emotive
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Hypoglycaemia text
Text Diagram
Linear
Material and relational processes
Explicit processes (increase, decrease,
reduce etc.)
Are risk and tendency the same thing?
Risk and protection are Goal
Idea of balance expressed
Centre-margin layout visually indicates
the central concern
Narrative processes
Differently coloured processes but no
code provided
Colour code classifies participants
Risk and protection are Goal andActor
causal chain
Idea of balance not expressed
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Hydrological text
Text Diagram
Only three material processes (soak,
reach, use)
(Passivized) naming action of scientists
included (verbal and mental processes)
Rainfall nominalized
Some relational processes but imprecise:
long, deep, well below, large amounts
Additional processes: evaporation, rain,
flow of water along surface
No representation of naming or other
scientific work
Rain as the action of clouds:
transactional model of interpretation
Accuracy of scale and differential
thickness of water arrows.
Labelling within picture selective and not
fully corresponding with participants and
processes in the text
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Food web text
Text Diagram
Generalization realized by usuality (many,
usually)and genericity (decomposers)
Classification: decomposers, first-order
consumers etc)
Material as well as relational clauses
Selective examples of feeding and feeding
often passivized.
(Passivized) action of scientist included (in
describing how the web is designed)
Appraisal (important) and ideological
interpretation (natural recycling of materials)
No generalization
Some classification through vertical ordering,
but not explicitly labelled
Exclusively narrative
Web appears to be complete, but there are
inconsistencies (Mosquitoes and larva not fed;
duck, turtle and snake not eaten; plants andfungi do nothing)
No representation of the work of the scientist
No appraisal or interpretation