Style in Argument v.1 (Project Two)

7/30/2019 Style in Argument v.1 (Project Two)

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PLUS, A

REVIEW OF

SOME OLDSTUFFSTYLE IN ARGUMENT


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Word Choice

Sentence StructurePunctuation

Special Effects

STYLE AND PRESENTATION IN YOUR

RESEARCH PAPER


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The words you use should match the tone you want to

establish in your research paper, and they should match your

subject and purpose.

Slang and jargon can be useful to illustrate a point, but do not

overuse or you risk alienating readers who dont understand. Be mindful of the connotations of the words you use and even

the things you dont say (loaded words).

Be as specific as possible for the greatest clarity and greatest

argumentative impact.

WORD CHOICE


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WORD CHOICE IN THE 2ND DEBATE


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WORD CHOICE IN THE 2ND DEBATE


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WORD CHOICE IN OUR ASSIGNMENT

SHEET


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Wordle, a word cloud generator: http://www.wordle.net/

Wordcounter, a word counter: http://www.wordcounter.com/

WORD CHOICE TOOLS
http://www.wordle.net/http://www.wordcounter.com/http://www.wordcounter.com/http://www.wordcounter.com/http://www.wordcounter.com/http://www.wordle.net/http://www.wordle.net/


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Punctuation is whatreally builds rhythm inan argument.

Since this is an

academic researchpaper you want toconsider the use ofwhat you might thinkof as more formal

punctuation:semicolons, colons,dashes.

PUNCTUATION


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Guide to

semicolons:

ht tp ://theoatm

eal .com/comic

s/semicolon

THEOATMEAL
http://theoatmeal.com/comics/semicolonhttp://theoatmeal.com/comics/semicolonhttp://theoatmeal.com/comics/semicolonhttp://theoatmeal.com/comics/semicolonhttp://theoatmeal.com/comics/semicolonhttp://theoatmeal.com/comics/semicolonhttp://theoatmeal.com/comics/semicolon


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Figurative language/figures of speech aid

understanding by drawing by parallels

between a known and an unknown, and it

helps make your writing more interesting andmemorable.

Everythings an Argument classifies figurative

language in two categories: Tropes and

Schemes.

SPECIAL EFFECTS

AKA FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE


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TROPES

Tropes represent a

change in the ordinary

meaning ofwords/phrases.

Metaphor, simile,

analogy, hyperbole,

understatement,rhetorical questions,and irony are tropes of

language.

SCHEMES

Schemes represent a

special arrangement of

words to create an

effect.

Parallelism, antithesis,

inverted word order,

anaphora, and reversed

structures are schemes

of language.

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE


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Tropes are all pretty well -known to you. There are a few

schemes we should address though:

Antithesis is the use of parallel (similar or the same)

structures to mark difference. (p. 437)

Inverted word order simply means that a sentence is out of itsusual subject-verb-object order, drawing attention to itself.

Anaphora is repetition to achieve a desired effectusually

good for driving a point home. (p. 438)

Reversed structures: best to look at examples (p. 439)

SCHEMES


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Read through the speech excerpts given to you. Identify the

different figurative language effects being used by consulting

the handout. Mark as many examples of figurative language

as you can find. Also note any unique word choices, sentences

structures, and punctuation usage. Compare your notes with your classmates & discuss. Why do

you think the speaker chose to use those figures of speech

(and that particular punctuation, wording, sentence structure).

As a group tr y to rewrite the speech excerpt without any of the

figurative language. Is it possible? What does the speechsound like now? (Youll share your rewrites with the class.)

IN-CLASS WORK


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YOUR VOICE


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+ KEEPING YOUR VOICE IN YOURRESEARCH PAPER

Avoid too many block

quotes.

You can use I when you

are discussing your own

opinion.

Find your thesis and let i t

direct you.

Avoid using someone elses

quotation in your thesis.

Use signal phrase when

you quote to identify which

thoughts are yours and

which are not.

Question the

crit ics/experts, andrespond to them.

Dont fool yourself with too

much paraphrasing.


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REVIEW SLIDES


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WHEN TO START A NEW PARAGRAPH(WHY DO PARAGRAPHS MATTER?)

1. When you have a new or slightly new idea

2. To emphasize a point, or make a contras t between points

3. In dialogue, when a different person speaks

4. When your reader needs a pause

5. When you are ending your intro or conclusion

From the OWL and Tim Fredricks ELA Teaching Blog


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+ELEMENTS OF APARAGRAPH

UNITYCOHERENCE

DEVELOPMENT


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UNITY: The entire paragraphshould concern itself with a

single focus. No wanderingaround mentioning random

things that have nothing to dowith each other!

DEVELOPMENT: Help yourparagraphs reach maturity--

dont abandon them in an

awkward tween phase!

Use examples andanecdotes

Define terms

Evaluate causes, examine

effects

(There are more developmentmethods but these are the most

relevant to our narratives. See the

OWL for more!)

UCD BASICS

COHERENCE: This meansyour paragraph is easy for

a reader to follow and

understand. You createcoherence by building

bridges between your

sentences.


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+ BRIDGESNOT JUST FOR THE BLUES BROTHERS AND SPICE GIRLS OF

THE WORLD

LOGICAL BRIDGES Carrying your topic idea

from sentence to

sentence

Parallel sentence

construction

VERBAL BRIDGES Repeat key words in

several sentences

Use of synonyms in

several sentences

Pronouns referring to

nouns in previous

sentences

Transition words linking

ideas from different

sentences


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ARGUMENTusesevidence and reason

to discover some

version of the truth.

PERSUASIONaims to change a

point of view.

ARGUMENT VS. PERSUASION


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To INFORM: tell your audience somethingthey dont know To CONVINCE: tell your audience that anissue merits their attention To PERSUADE: move your audience to action To EXPLORE: (self-)reflective analysis of apersonal or societal issue that you thinkneeds to be addressed To MAKE DECISIONS: stemming fromexploratory argument, this type of

arguments purpose is to enable theaudience to make an informed decision To MEDITATE/PRAY: generally a personalargument/reflection aimed towardstransformation ACADEMIC: academic arguments usuallyhave one of the above purposes with theaddition of being held to disciplinarystandards

PURPOSESOFARGUMENT


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PAST: Forensic arguments seek to determine the nature ofpast eventsthey may be exploratory in nature, seeking todeepen existing knowledge

FUTURE: Deliberative arguments seek to establish whatshould/will happen in the future. Theyre usually based onpre-existing information and often draw on forensicarguments.

PRESENT: Epideictic/Ceremonial arguments seek to addresscurrent social issues/valuesdescribing the good and the badof contemporary society (according, of course, to the opinionof the arguer).

OCCASIONS FOR ARGUMENT


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FACT: Did somethinghappen? Provable/disprovableargumentDEFINITION: What is thenature of the thing? Determining if one thingbelongs in a secondcontested category

QUALITY: What is thequality/cause of thething? Present criteria thenmeasure the thing against

those standards Why did something happen,what factors played into it,what will the consequencesbe? PROPOSAL: Whatactions should betaken? Describe a problem, then aproposal for a solution

KINDS OF ARGUMENT

Style in Argument v.1 (Project Two)

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Transcript of Style in Argument v.1 (Project Two)