Study states-background
47
DRAFT c Copyright 2012 Asian Development Bank unless stated Background Rahul Bhargava Tuesday 31 st July, 2012 Contents 1 Karnataka 2 1.1 Principle Fruit & Vegetable crop estimates ....................... 2 1.2 Principle crop estimates ................................. 16 1.3 Geography ......................................... 21 1.4 Climate ........................................... 23 1.5 Landuse .......................................... 23 1.6 Irrigated area ....................................... 23 1.7 Water resources ...................................... 23 1.8 Agriculture ......................................... 27 1.8.1 Performance .................................... 27 1.8.2 2020 vision ..................................... 27 2 Tamil Nadu 28 2.1 Irrigated area ....................................... 28 3 Andhra Pradesh 28 3.1 Irrigated area ....................................... 28 4 Assam 29 4.1 Irrigated area ....................................... 29 5 Uttar Pradesh 29 5.1 Irrigated area ....................................... 29 6 Gujarat 31 6.1 Irrigated area ....................................... 31 A Glossary 31 B Taluk-wise number and area of operational holders in Karnataka 32 C District Infrastructure Index 44 D Income 44 1
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Transcript of Study states-background
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Background
Rahul Bhargava
Tuesday 31st July, 2012
Contents
1 Karnataka 21.1 Principle Fruit & Vegetable crop estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2 Principle crop estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.3 Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.4 Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.5 Landuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.6 Irrigated area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.7 Water resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.8 Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.8.1 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.8.2 2020 vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2 Tamil Nadu 282.1 Irrigated area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3 Andhra Pradesh 283.1 Irrigated area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4 Assam 294.1 Irrigated area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5 Uttar Pradesh 295.1 Irrigated area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6 Gujarat 316.1 Irrigated area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
A Glossary 31
B Taluk-wise number and area of operational holders in Karnataka 32
C District Infrastructure Index 44
D Income 44
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By State
1 Karnataka
1.1 Principle Fruit & Vegetable crop estimates
During the year 2010-11, the Crop Estimation Survey undertaken by the Directorate of Eco-nomics & Statistics covered seven fruit crops (Mango, Banana, Grapes, Guava, pomegranate,Sapota & Lemon), four vegetable crops (Tomato, Beans, Brinjal and Cabbage) and one minorcrop (Turmeric).
1488 villages were selected for area enumeration and yield estimation on fruits & minorcrops out of which 1458 villages were enumerated and 2916 experiments were conducted in1488 villages. For vegetable crops, 2266 villages were selected for area enumeration and 4532crop cutting experiments were planned, of which 2248 villages were enumerated for area and4496 crop cutting experiments were conducted.
Mango The estimated cropping area was 117,331 hectares in 2010-11 compared to 115,003hectares in 2009-10. It is mainly grown in Kolar (31,040 hect.) and Ramanagara (15,969hect.) and Tumkur (12,866 hect.) districts.
The estimated yield for the crop was 4.89 tonnes/hect. in 2010-11 as against 4.25 tonnes/hectin 2009-10. The average number of bearing trees/hect. was 87 and the average yield/bearingtree was 60 kgs as against an average of 82 bearing trees per hectare and 51 kgs of averageyield per bearing tree during 2009-10
The total production of Mango in the state during 2010-11 was 5.74 lakh tonnes as com-pared to 4.89 lakh tonnes during 2009-10 which amounts to an increase of 17% overprevious year.
Year Area Production Average Yield2000-01 81199 334756 41232001-02 96297 255029 26482002-03 97992 415248 42382003-04 101533 299487 29502004-05 98347 317823 32322005-06 118158 450688 38142006-07 116780 609383 52182007-08 104616 339457 32452008-09 109783 460117 41912009-10 115003 489338 42552010-11 117331 573737 4890
Table 1: Area, Production and Average Yield of Mango Crop
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80,00085,00090,00095,000
100,000105,000110,000115,000120,000
Are
a(h
a)
250,000300,000350,000400,000450,000500,000550,000600,000650,000
Prod
ucti
on(t
onne
s)
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
Year
Ave
rage
yiel
d(kg
/ha)
Banana The estimated cropping area in 2010-11 was 63,076 hectares as compared to 58,295hectares in the previous year.
The estimated yield was 23.49 tonnes/hectare as against 21.99 tonnes/hectare in theprevious year. The average number of bearing trees/hectare was 1900 and the averageyield per bearing tree was 11.16 kgs as against an average of 1596 bearing trees per hectareand 15.97 kgs of average yield per bearing tree in 2009-10.
The total production of Banana during 2010-11 was 14.81 lakh tonnes as against 12.82 lakhtonnes in 2009-10 which amounts to an increase of 15%.
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Year Area Production Average Yield2000-01 35335 649567 183832001-02 40251 815571 202622002-03 39813 681663 171222003-04 33220 431463 129882004-05 41977 526899 125522005-06 43562 517257 118742006-07 42646 851437 199652007-08 44801 743644 165992008-09 59831 1171410 195792009-10 58295 1281907 219902010-11 63076 1481466 23487
Table 2: Area, Production and Average Yield of Banana Crop
35,00040,00045,00050,00055,00060,00065,000
Are
a(ha
)
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
Prod
ucti
on(t
onne
s)
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
Year
Ave
rage
yiel
d(k
g/ha
)
Grapes Mainly grown in Bijapur and Belgaum districts in the state.
The estimated cropping area was 13,634 hectares in 2010-11 as against 12,221 hectares in2009-10.
The estimated yield during 2010-11 was 39.93 tonnes/hectare as against 31.25 tonnes/hectareduring 2009-10 and production was 5.44 lakh tonnes in 2010-11 while the production in2009-10 was 3.82 lakh tonnes.
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Year Area Production Average Yield2000-01 6051 148921 246112001-02 8285 201891 243692002-03 9924 295193 297452003-04 10128 296794 293042004-05 9406 243329 258692005-06 5903 176796 299502006-07 11991 327513 273132007-08 10029 265188 264422008-09 12894 325199 252212009-10 12221 381955 312542010-11 13634 544351 39926
Table 3: Area, Production and Average Yield of Grape Crop
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Are
a(ha
)
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
Prod
ucti
on(t
onne
s)
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
24,00026,00028,00030,00032,00034,00036,00038,00040,000
Year
Ave
rage
yiel
d(k
g/ha
)
Guava The estimated area was 4804 hectares in 2010-11 as against 4252 hectares during 2009-10.It is mainly grown in Chickballapur, Dharwad Bangalore (urban) districts.
The estimated yield was 6.88 tonnes/hectare in 2010-11 as against 5.61 tonnes/hectare inthe previous year. The estimated average number of bearing trees/hectare was 136 andaverage yield per bearing tree was 43.66 kgs in 2010-11 as against an average numberof bearing trees per hectare and average yield per bearing tree of 141 and 23.97 kgs, in2009-10, respectively.
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The estimated production of Guava in the state is 0.33 lakh tonnes as against 0.24 lakhtonnes in 2009-10 which amounts to an increase of 37%.
Year Area Production Average Yield2000-01 4564 23382 51232001-02 5430 35851 66022002-03 5137 31440 61202003-04 3968 21916 55232004-05 4320 18107 41912005-06 4644 14399 31002006-07 4637 13515 29152007-08 4176 28115 67332008-09 4240 23470 55352009-10 4252 23879 56162010-11 4804 33066 6883
Table 4: Area, Production and Average Yield of Guava Crop
4,0004,2004,4004,6004,8005,0005,2005,400
Are
a(ha
)
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
Prod
ucti
on(t
onne
s)
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Year
Ave
rage
yiel
d(k
g/ha
)
Sapota The estimated area during 2010-11 was 16,923 hectares as against 15,721 hectares in theprevious year.
The estimated yield was 4.88 tonnes/hectare in the year 2010-11 as against 4.35 tonnes/hectareof 2009-10. The estimated average number of bearing trees/hectare was 108 and averageyield per bearing tree was 42.34 kgs in 2010-11 as against the average number of bearing
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trees per hectare 103 and average yield per bearing tree 34.22 kgs in 2009-10.
The estimated production of Sapota was 0.82 lakh tonnes during 2010-11 as against 0.68lakh tonnes in 2009-10 which amounts to increase of 20%.
Year Area Production Average Yield2000-01 6647 18938 28492001-02 9565 22709 23742002-03 10047 31545 31402003-04 9360 24897 26602004-05 12801 31234 24402005-06 16209 54465 33602006-07 13097 49536 37822007-08 12229 48012 39262008-09 14046 55494 39512009-10 15721 68449 43542010-11 16923 82720 4888
Table 5: Area, Production and Average Yield of Sapota Crop
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
Are
a(ha
)
20,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,000
Prod
ucti
on(t
onne
s)
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
Year
Ave
rage
yiel
d(k
g/ha
)
Lemon The estimated area under the crop was 9,636 hectares in 2010-11 as against 8,499hectares in the previous year. Bijapur district alone has an estimated area of about 72%(6973 Hectares).
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The estimated yield was 8.69 tonnes/hectare in 2010-11 as against 8.08 tonnes/hectare inthe previous year.
The estimated average number of bearing trees/hectare was 300 and average yield perbearing tree was 49.53 kgs as against the average number of bearing trees per hectare of269 and average yield per bearing tree of 32.34 kgs of 2009-10 The estimated productionof Lemon in the state was 0.84 lakh tonnes as against 0.69 lakh tonnes in 2009-10 whichamounts to an increase of 22%.
Year Area Production Average Yield2000-01 7300 78989 108212001-02 7976 145353 180992002-03 8305 144116 173532003-04 8134 128638 158152004-05 9002 134415 149322005-06 3755 14352 38222006-07 9183 40869 44512007-08 8086 26908 33282008-09 8446 47957 56782009-10 8499 68689 80822010-11 9636 83746 8691
Table 6: Area, Production and Average Yield of Lemon Crop
4,000
5,0006,0007,0008,0009,000
10,000
Are
a(ha
)
20,00040,00060,00080,000
100,000120,000140,000
Prod
ucti
on(t
onne
s)
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2,0004,0006,0008,000
10,00012,00014,00016,00018,000
Year
Ave
rage
yiel
d(k
g/ha
)
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pomegranate Grown mainly in Bijapur, Koppal, Bagalkote, and Bellary districts.
The estimated area of pomegranate was 23,059 hectares in 2010-11 as against 20,205hectares in 2009-10.
The estimated yield was 11.49 tonnes/hectare and the production was 2.65 lakh tonnes in2010-11 as compared to 10.70 tonnes/hectare and 2.16 lakh tonnes of yield and productionrespectively in the previous year.
The estimated average number of bearing trees per hectare was 639 and average yieldper bearing tree was 12.43 kgs in 2010-11 as against average number of bearing trees perhectare of 561 and average yield 39.19 kgs of the year 2009-10
Year Area Production Average Yield2004-05 4215 50790 120502005-06 6148 11582 712042006-07 15925 100832 63322007-08 15467 109135 70562008-09 19365 210222 108562009-10 20205 216112 106962010-11 23059 264971 11491
Table 7: Area, Production and Average Yield of pomegranate Crop
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Are
a(ha
)
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
Prod
ucti
on(t
onne
s)
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-110
10,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,000
Year
Ave
rage
yiel
d(k
g/ha
)
Tomato The estimated area during Kharif season was 15,183 hectares. The estimated yield
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during this season is 12.00 tonnes/hectare and a production of 1.80 lakh tonnes.
Rabi Season: The estimated area during Rabi season was 10,043 hectare. The estimatedyield during this season was 10.39 tonnes/hectare and a production of 1.04 lakh tonnes.
Summer Season: The estimated area during summer season was 10,548 hectares. Theestimated yield was 12.64 tonnes/hectare. The production during this season was 1.33lakh tonnes.
The estimated area, yield and production for all seasons during 2010-11 were 35774 hects.,11.68 tonnes/hect and 4.18 lakh tonnes, respectively, as compared to 31919 hects, 10.46tonnes/hect and 3.34 lakh tonnes, respectively, in 2009-10
The estimated area, yield and production of beans for all seasons during the current yeari.e, 2010-11 were 5461 hects. 8.31 tonnes/hect and 0.45 lakh tonnes respectively as against4989hects, 7.50 tonnes/hect and 0.37 lakh tonnes during the previous year.
Year Area Production Average Yield2000-01 29069 313794 107952001-02 29474 237366 80532002-03 26417 218203 82602003-04 34253 229669 67052004-05 26756 251682 94072005-06 31261 265094 84802006-07 37816 385778 102012007-08 27980 273841 97872008-09 34352 331731 96572009-10 31919 333824 104582010-11 35774 417876 11681
Table 8: Area, Production and Average Yield of Tomato Crop
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26,000
28,000
30,000
32,000
34,000
36,000
38,000
Are
a(ha
)
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
Prod
ucti
on(t
onne
s)
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
Year
Ave
rage
yiel
d(k
g/ha
)
Beans Beans are grown in all the three seasons of the year and mainly in Kolar district.
Kharif Season: The estimated area is 2708 hectares, while it registered a yield of 8.91tonnes/hectare during this season and the production was 0.24 lakh tonnes.
Rabi Season: The estimated area was 1580 hectares. The yield during the season was 7.10tonnes/hectare. The production of beans during rabi season was 0.11 lakh tonnes.
Summer Season: The estimated area was 1173 hectares. The estimated yield was 8.56tonnes/hectare. The production of beans during the summer season was 0.10 lakh tonnes.The estimated area, yield and production of beans for all seasons during in 2010-11 were5461 hects., 8.31 tonnes/hect and 0.45 lakh tonnes, respectively, as against 4989 hects, 7.50tonnes/hect and 0.37 lakh tonnes in the previous year.
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Year Area Production Average Yield2000-01 5270 41556 78852001-02 6974 42197 60512002-03 5807 42413 73042003-04 8334 56150 67372004-05 7284 52210 71682005-06 5385 32993 61272006-07 5687 36604 64362007-08 4199 30414 72432008-09 5747 41244 71772009-10 4989 37437 75042010-11 5461 45368 8308
Table 9: Area, Production and Average Yield of Beans Crop
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
Are
a(ha
)
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
Prod
ucti
on(t
onne
s)
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
6,000
6,500
7,000
7,500
8,000
8,500
Year
Ave
rage
yiel
d(k
g/ha
)
Brinjal Brinjal is grown in all the three seasons, mainly in Belgaum and Mysore district.
Kharif Season: The estimated area was 7,317 hectare and the yield was 13.67 tonnes/hectare. The production during Kharif season was 1.00 lakh tonnes.
Rabi Season: The estimated area was 3839 hectares while the yield was 9.86 tonnes/hectares.
The production during Rabi season was 0.38 lakh tonnes.
Summer Season: The estimated area during this season was 3372 hectares. The estimated
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yield was 10.99 tonnes/hectare. The production during Summer season is 0.37 lakhtonnes.
As per the survey report 2010-11, for all seasons Brinjal was grown in an area of 14528hects with an estimated yield of 12.03 tonnes/hect and production of 1.75 lakh tonnes.The corresponding figure for the previous year was 13200 hects, 10.56 tonnes/hect and1.39 lakh tonnes respectively.
Year Area Production Average Yield2000-01 11706 113392 96872001-02 13199 117150 88762002-03 12161 79577 67292003-04 11620 80936 69652004-05 8817 86378 97972005-06 11313 98820 87352006-07 17321 185803 97202007-08 11817 99659 84342008-09 11972 127235 106282009-10 13200 139391 105602010-11 14528 174880 12037
Table 10: Area, Production and Average Yield of Brinjal Crop
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
Are
a(ha
)
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
Prod
ucti
on(t
onne
s)
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
Year
Ave
rage
yiel
d(k
g/ha
)
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Cabbage Cabbage is one of the most popular winter vegetable crop grown mainly in Hassan,Belgaum,and Haveri districts during kharif season.
The estimated area of the crop during kharif season of 2010-11 was 3434 hects with anestimated yield of 18.51 tonnes/hect and the production was 0.64 lakh tonnes as comparedto an estimated area of 2452 hects, 17.53 tonnes/hect of yield and 0.43 lakh tonnes ofproduction during 2009-10.
Year Area Production Average Yield2004-05 3107 94936 305552005-06 3554 91821 258362006-07 3631 72864 200682007-08 2134 36000 168692008-09 2775 47686 171842009-10 2452 42988 175322010-11 3434 63577 18514
Table 11: Area, Production and Average Yield of Cabbage Crop
2,0002,2002,4002,6002,8003,0003,2003,4003,600
Are
a(ha
)
40,000
50,00060,00070,00080,00090,000
100,000
Prod
ucti
on(t
onne
s)
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
16,00018,00020,00022,00024,00026,00028,00030,000
Year
Ave
rage
yiel
d(k
g/ha
)
Turmeric Turmeric is a minor crop largely grown in Chamarajanagar district.
The estimated area during 2010-11 was 14,162 hects. as compared to 12,369 hects. in theprevious year.
Estimated yield of dried turmeric was 4.95 tonnes/hect versus 4.81 tonnes/hect during
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2009-10.
The total production of dried turmeric was 0.70 lakh tonnes in 2010-11 as against 0.59 lakhtonnes during previous year.
Year Area Production Average Yield2000-01 9251 41040 44362001-02 7058 36369 51532002-03 6596 28603 43362003-04 5410 26381 48762004-05 4080 19386 47512005-06 6346 33891 53412006-07 7477 37752 50492007-08 8522 64720 75942008-09 12418 57642 46412009-10 12369 59482 48092010-11 14162 70158 4954
Table 12: Area, Production and Average Yield of Turmeric Crop
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Are
a(ha
)
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
Prod
ucti
on(t
onne
s)
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
4,5005,0005,5006,0006,5007,0007,500
Year
Ave
rage
yiel
d(k
g/ha
)
Area estimated under the survey and actual area enumerated as reported in the AnnualSeason and Crop Statistics Report are compared,
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Crop Estimated Area ASCR Area Variation(Hectares) (Hectares) (%)
1 Mango 117331 136753 -14.212 Banana 63076 65719 -4.033 Grapes 13634 15785 -13.634 Guava 4804 4537 5.885 Sapota 16923 18237 -7.216 pomegranate 23059 12802 80.127 Lemon 9636 8902 8.248 Tomato 35774 43281 -17.359 Beans 5461 7629 -28.42
10 Brinjal 14528 13173 10.2811 Cabbage 3434 6145 -44.1212 Turmeric 14162 18035 -21.48
Table 13: Enumerated area compared with Annual Season and Crop Statistics Report
1.2 Principle crop estimates
The village-wise crop area data are compiled from the source document of RTC (Pahani),recorded and submitted by the Village Accountants to the Revenue Inspectors. Based on this,the Statistical Inspector of the Directorate of Economics & Statistics attached to the TalukaOffice prepares the Annual Season and Crop Statistics Report (ASCR) and forwards it to theDistrict Statistical Officer through Tahsildar. The District Statistical Officer, in turn, consolidatesthe Annual Season and Crops Statistics Report for the District and further forwards it to theDirectorate of Economics and Statistics.
The cropped area under unauthorised cultivation for some crops based on part-B of Recon-ciliation of Crop Area Statistics Report 2009-10 were also taken into account for working out theproduction estimates of crops covered.
Production estimates were prepared of 61 crops in Karnataka. Average yield data estimatedthrough the scientific analysis of crop cutting experiment results are adopted for working outthe production estimates in respect of the following 28 principal crops, which are covered underCrop Estimation Survey (CES).
District wise Production estimates for the districts are obtained by multiplying the areafigures by the respective yield rates in respect of individual crops. A bund correction of fivepercent is applied in respect of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, and commercial crops, that are coveredunder Crop Estimation Survey. In other words, five percent of area is deducted from the totalarea under the crop to account for bunds, water channels, foot tracks and the like.
In the case of districts not covered under Crop Estimation Survey, estimates are the weightedaverage yield of the districts covered by the survey.
# Crop Type of Estimates 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10i ii iii iv v vi vii viii1 Paddy Area 14.85 13.96 14.16 15.14 14.86
Production 59.96 54.66 58 60.44 58.11Average yield 4250 4122 4311 4202 4115
1A In terms of Rice Production 39.99 36.46 38.69 40.31 38.76Average yield 2834 2750 2875 2803 2745
2 Jowar Area 15.2 14.19 13.82 13.82 13.69Production 14.79 11.3 16.7 14.84 12.96Average yield 1024 838 1272 1130 996
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3 Bajra Area 4.31 3.88 4.32 2.66 3.05Production 3.91 1.63 3.35 1.81 1.31Average yield 954 443 816 718 452
4 Maize Area 9.36 9.6 11.13 10.68 12.4Production 28.07 26.41 32.76 29.56 29.25Average yield 3157 2895 3099 2913 2482
5 Ragi Area 9.39 6.06 8.33 8.41 7.64Production 16.56 6.65 13.68 12.33 11.96Average yield 1858 1156 1729 1543 1647
6 Minor Milletsi) Navane Area 0.28 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.14
Production 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04Average yield 288 244 341 268 283
ii) Save Area 0.23 0.23 0.18 0.16 0.12Production 0.19 0.18 0.12 0.11 0.09Average yield 872 814 703 717 767
iii) Haraka Area Neg Neg Neg Neg NegProduction Neg Neg Neg Neg NegAverage yield 461 462 462 462 462
iv) Baragu Area Neg Neg Neg Neg NegProduction Neg Neg Neg Neg NegAverage yield 114 136 95 95 156
v) Other Minor Millets Area 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Production Neg Neg Neg Neg NegAverage yield 144 144 144 1047 1032
Total Minor Millets Area 0.52 0.4 0.36 0.33 0.27Production 0.27 0.21 0.17 0.15 0.13Average yield 542 569 518 499 516
7 Wheat Area 2.53 2.69 2.75 2.69 2.83Production 2.26 2.24 2.8 2.57 2.64Average yield 943 874 1071 1008 980
8 Total Kharif Cereals Area 35.55 31.48 35.86 33.67 34.9Production 76.8 61.58 78.57 71.2 68.26Average yield 2274 2059 2306 2226 2059
9 Total Rabi Cereals Area 16.17 15.77 15.05 15.86 15.7Production 16.8 14.14 18.55 18.69 17.02Average yield 1094 944 1298 1240 1142
10 Total Summer Cereals Area 3.91 3.13 3.6 3.86 3.9Production 11.97 8.96 10.85 11.54 11.6Average yield 3222 3011 3171 3146 3134
11 Total Cereals & Small Area 56.16 50.78 54.87 53.72 54.76Millets Production 105.85 84.9 108.15 101.58 97.01
Average yield 1984 1760 2075 1990 186512 Tur Area 6 5.96 6.81 5.97 6.04
Production 4.08 2.63 4.51 3.14 2.8Average yield 716 464 697 554 487
13 Horsegram - Area 1.25 1.12 1 0.94 1.15Kharif Production 0.71 0.4 0.51 0.43 0.6
Average yield 601 379 539 476 55514 Blackgram - Area 1.01 1.34 1.52 1.01 1.09
Kharif Production 0.2 0.18 0.66 0.27 0.09Average yield 206 144 454 281 89
15 Greengram - Area 3.93 4.41 5.21 2.66 3.7Kharif Production 0.96 0.51 1.17 0.37 0.46
Average yield 258 122 237 145 12916 Avare - Kharif Area 0.77 0.49 0.67 0.71 0.67
Production 0.2 0.52 0.64 0.65 0.5
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Average yield 258 1108 1009 966 77417 Cowpea - Kharif Area 0 0.52 0.61 0.56 0.66
Production 0 0.32 0.38 0.3 0.29Average yield 0 652 664 575 474
18 Other Pulses - Area 0.75* 0.16 0.18 0.06 0.11Kharif Production 0.29* 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.03
Average yield 399* 318 316 373 29319 Total Kharif Pulses Area 7.71 8.03 9.18 5.94 7.38
(excluding Tur & Production 2.36 1.98 3.42 2.04 1.98Bengalgram) Average yield 323 260 392 361 282
20 Total Kharif Pulses Area 13.7 13.99 15.99 11.91 13.43(including Tur & Production 6.44 4.61 7.93 5.18 4.77Bengalgram) Average yield 495 347 522 458 374
21 Bengalgram (Gram) Area 4.18 6.51 6.05 7.26 9.72Production 2.38 2.98 3.64 3.97 5.57Average yield 599 483 634 575 603
22 Horsegram Area 1.45 2.13 1.27 1.22 1.13Rabi/Summer Production 0.58 0.63 0.6 0.45 0.53
Average yield 420 311 497 390 49323 Blackgram Area 0.1 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.09
Rabi/Summer Production 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.04Average yield 504 554 408 458 411
24 Greengram Area 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09Rabi/Summer Production 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02
Average yield 310 318 344 269 27625 Avare Area 0.09 0.15 0.12 0.08 0.08
Rabi/Summer Production 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03Average yield 134 228 320 404 321
26 Cowpea Area 0 0.17 0.2 0.21 0.24Rabi/Summer Production 0 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07
Average yield 0 294 261 263 28727 Other Pulses - Area 0.20* 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01
Rabi/Summer Production 0.02* Neg Neg Neg NegAverage yield 114* 117 120 415 320
28 Total Rabi/Sum. Area 1.92 2.66 1.81 1.71 1.65Pulses(Excluding Tur Production 0.68 0.8 0.76 0.61 0.68& Bengalgram) Average yield 375 315 442 374 436
29 Total Rabi/Sum. Area 6.1 9.17 7.86 8.98 11.37Pulses(including Tur Production 3.06 3.78 4.4 4.58 6.25& Bengalgram) Average yield 528 434 590 537 579
30 Total pulses Area 19.81 23.16 23.86 20.88 24.8Production 9.51 8.39 12.33 9.75 11.02Average yield 505 381 544 492 468
31 Total Foodgrains Area 75.96 73.94 78.73 74.61 79.55Production 115.35 93.29 120.49 111.33 108.04Average yield 1598 1328 1611 1571 1429
32 Groundnut Area 10.4 7.64 9.08 8.5 8.18Production 5.96 3.27 6.92 3.98 4.57Average yield 603 451 802 493 589
33 Sesamum Area 1.03 0.85 0.87 0.56 0.76Production 0.89 0.5 0.48 0.29 0.31Average yield 912 619 587 538 428
34 Soyabean Area 1.33 1.31 1.13 1.34 1.84Production 0.75 0.97 0.92 0.93 0.82Average yield 590 780 858 726 472
35 Nigerseed Area 0.33 0.27 0.31 0.25 0.26Production 0.06 0.05 0.12 0.09 0.09
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Average yield 194 191 380 346 35436 Rape & Mustard Area 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05
Production 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02Average yield 270 267 367 405 295
37 Sunflower Area 14.27 12.31 10.25 10.01 7.94Production 6.68 3.84 4.93 4.14 2.51Average yield 492 329 506 435 333
38 Safflower Area 0.81 0.81 0.7 0.73 0.68Production 0.62 0.6 0.59 0.6 0.52Average yield 800 779 888 860 805
39 Castor Area 0.25 0.2 0.23 0.2 0.18Production 0.26 0.16 0.16 0.19 0.12Average yield 1095 841 706 998 680
40 Linseed Area 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.12Production 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04Average yield 351 322 416 397 309
41 Total Oilseeds Area 28.63 23.55 22.76 21.78 20.01(Excluding coconut) Production 15.27 9.44 14.19 10.28 9
Average yield 562 422 656 497 47342 Cotton Area 4.13 3.76 4.03 4.09 4.57
Production( in lakhbales of 170 Kgs 5.85 5.36 7.05 8.25 7.05each in lint form)Average yield 253 255 313 361 276
43A Sugarcane (H) Area 2.21 2.69 3.07 2.81 3.37Production 196.48 236.42 260.28 242.66 322.85Average yield 93 92 89 91 101(in tonnes / hect.)
43B Sugarcane (P) Area 1.95 2.39 1.73 1.78 1.644 Tobacco Area 1.01 1.04 1.13 1.08 1.18
Production 0.64 0.46 0.48 0.55 0.91Average yield 667 469 446 535 810
45 Mesta Area 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01Production ( inlakh bales of 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02180 kgs. each)Average yield 231 243 233 256 264
46 Sunhemp Area ( in lakh hects) Neg Neg Neg Neg NegProduction (inlakh tonnes ) Neg Neg Neg Neg NegAverage yield 229 230 251 250 251
47 Banana Area 0.44 0.43 0.52 0.61 0.64Production 5.17 8.51 9.23 10.59 14.07Average yield 11874 19965 17685 17366 21993
48 Papaya Area 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03Production 0.04 0.05 0.86 1.1 1.11Average yield 2470 2428 34305 38043 33216
49 Cashewnut* Area 0.6 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.63(Raw nuts) Production 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.38 0.48
Average yield 565 565 565 621 76650 Cashewnut* Area 0.6 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.63
(processed nuts) Production 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.1 0.12Average yield 142 142 142 158 192
51 Grapes Area 0.06 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.14Production 1.77 3.28 3.38 3.17 4.29Average yield 29950 27313 27956 25941 31127
52 Mango Area 1.18 1.17 1.09 1.15 1.2
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Production 4.51 6.09 3.59 4.85 5.1Average yield 3814 5218 3296 4222 4253
53 Guava Area 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05Production 0.14 0.14 0.31 0.21 0.24Average yield 3100 2915 6959 4964 5200
54 Sapota Area 0.16 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.18Production 0.54 0.5 0.55 0.63 0.8Average yield 3360 3782 3923 4045 4530
55 Lemon Area 0.04 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09Production 0.14 0.41 0.28 0.5 0.73Average yield 3822 4451 3291 5825 8076
56 pomegranate Area 0.06 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.14Production 0.71 1.01 1.24 1.91 1.49Average yield 11582 6332 7065 10798 10750
57 Potato Area 0.73 0.63 0.6 0.76 0.37Production 3.29 5.61 2.52 2.46 3.09Average yield 4727 9318 4417 3424 8762
58 Tomato Area 0.31 0.38 0.35 0.35 0.37Production 2.65 3.86 3.22 3.48 3.82Average yield 8480 10201 9272 10069 10348
59 Beans Area 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06Production 0.33 0.37 0.43 0.41 0.48Average yield 6127 6437 7133 7170 7574
60 Brinjal Area 0.11 0.17 0.13 0.12 0.13Production 0.99 1.86 1.13 1.29 1.36Average yield 8735 9720 8797 10648 10717
61 Cabbage - Kharif Area 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05Production 0.92 0.73 0.7 0.78 0.8Average yield 25836 20068 15377 16481 16902
62 Tapioca Area 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Production 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.08Average yield 8400 8514 8341 9804 9357
63 Onion Area 1.51 1.51 1.82 1.35 1.92Production 9.4 8.59 11.26 7.21 7.26Average yield 6540 5978 6509 5624 3983
64 Sweet Potato Area 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02Production 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.26 0.16Average yield 8235 8387 8447 10222 6637
65 Coconut Area 3.96 4.04 4.05 4.19 4.3Production (inmillion nuts) 1606.89 1635.84 2063.85 2867.66 3056.35Avg. yield ( in numberof nuts/hectare) 4100 4093 5143 6920 7182
66 Dry Chillies Area 1.26 1.33 1.37 1.22 1.39Production 1.07 1.3 1.42 1.35 1.38Average yield 850 1032 1092 1162 1048
67 Dry Ginger Area 0.22 0.17 0.15 0.25 0.45Production (inlakh quintals) 2.82 2.29 3.03 8.12 14.12Average yield 1316 1322 2073 3218 3181
68 Turmeric # Area 0.06 0.07 0.14 0.14 0.18Production 0.34 0.38 1.05 0.67 0.9Average yield 5341 5049 7776 4760 5032
69 Cardamom Area 0.2 0.24 0.21 0.2 0.19Production 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01Average yield 57 58 94 101 67
70 Garlic Area 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05
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Production 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.12 0.07Average yield 714 672 1044 2223 1420
71 Black Pepper Area 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.2Production(in lakh quintals) 0.32 0.29 0.51 0.74 0.73Average yield 221 214 315 428 375
72 Arecanut Area 1.61 1.68 1.74 1.85 1.96(Raw nuts) Production 10.34 10.77 11.14 11.75 12.43
Average yield 6479 6461 6455 6430 641473 Arecanut Area 1.61 1.68 1.74 1.85 1.96
(Processed nuts) Production 2.15 2.24 2.32 2.44 2.59Average yield 1347 1343 1342 1337 1334
74 Coriander Area 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07Production 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.03Average yield 154 150 352 545 495
* Included cowpea. Separate estimates given for this crop from 20 06-07# Production of Turmeric calculated by applying dry yield rates.Note: In order to tally with the group/sub group totals, the figures in the second decimal placehave been adjusted while rounding-off the actual figures.
Table 16: Summary tables of Area, Production and Average Yield of Principal Crops in Karnatakafrom 2005-06 to 2009-10
This data is adapted from a Government publication1.
1.3 Geography
The Karnataka State is the eighth largest state in the country and is located in the Deccan plateau.The geographical area of Karnataka is [191,976 square kilometres (74,122 sq mi) accounting for5.83%2] of the total area of the country.
In Karnataka there are 29,406 Revenue Villages3 with about 1,90,49,836 hectares of area, ofwhich about 1,04,04,107 hectares of land is the net area cultivated in all the three seasons in theyear 2009-10. The agriculture year is considered from April to March.4
The two main river systems of the state are Krishna and its tributaries (Bhima, Ghataprabha,Vedavati, Malaprabha, and Tungabhadra) in the north, and the Cauvery and its tributaries(Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavathi, Lakshmana Thirtha and Kabini) in the south. Both these riversflow eastward and fall into the Bay of Bengal5.
The state has three principal geographical zones:
1. the coastal region of Karavali
2. the hilly Malenadu region comprising the Western Ghats
3. the Bayaluseeme region comprising the plains of the Deccan plateau
The bulk of the state is in the Bayaluseeme region, the northern part of which is the second-largest arid region in India.
1http://des.kar.nic.in/webfm_send/3772http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka3A Revenue Village is a small administrative region in India, a village with defined borders. One revenue village
may contain many hamlets4http://des.kar.nic.in/agstat5Ibid
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Cereals 1. Rice 2. Jowar 3. Bajra 4. Maize 5. Ragi6. Wheat 7. Navane and 8. Save
Pulses 9. Tur 10. Gram 11. Horsegram 12. Black-gram 13. Greengram 14. Avare and15. Cowpea
Oilseeds 16. Groundnut 17. Sesamum 18. Safflower19. Sunflower 20. Castor 21. Linseed and22. Soyabean
Vegetable Crops 23. Onion 24. PotatoCommercial / Fibre Crops 25. Sugarcane 26. Cotton and 27. TobaccoCondiment And Spice Crops 28. Dry Chillies
Table 14: CES crops
Cereals 1. Korle (Other Small Millets)Pulses 2. Channagi, 3. Madaki and 4. Peas (Other
Pulses)Oilseeds 5. Nigerseed and 6. MustardHorticulture & Plantation Crops 7. Cashewnut 8. Tapioca 9. Sweet Potato
10. Papaya 11. CoconutCondiment And Spice Crops 12. Dry Ginger 13. Cardamom 14. Garlic
15. Black Pepper 16. CorianderCommercial / Fibre Crops 17. Mesta
Table 15: Non CES crops
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Eleven groups of soil orders are found in Karnataka, namely, Entisols, Inceptisols, Mollisols,Spodosols, Alfisols, Ultisols, Oxisols, Aridisols, Vertisols, Andisols and Histosols. Dependingon the agricultural capability of the soil, the soil types are divided into six types, namely, Red,lateritic, black, alluvio-colluvial, forest and coastal soils.
Meteorologically, Karnataka is divided into three zones – coastal, north interior and southinterior. Of these, the coastal zone receives the heaviest rainfall with an average rainfall of about3,638.5 mm (143 in) per annum, far in excess of the state average of 1,139 mm (45 in). Agumbein the Shivamogga district receives the second highest annual rainfall in India.
1.4 Climate
The climate varies from very humid rainy monsoonal climate in the West Coast, the ghats andmalnad areas to semiarid warm dry climate on the east. There is a large variation in the rainfallwith higher amounts in the Western Ghats and reducing towards the eastern plains. Along thecoastal Dakshina Kannada District, the normal rainfall is about 4000 mm and in the droughtprone districts of Bijapur, Raichur, Bellary etc., the rainfall is of the order of 500mm to 600mm.
1.5 Landuse
http://waterresources.kar.nic.in/irri_in_kar.htm
1.6 Irrigated area
The irrigated area was 2 491 871 ha in the agricultural year of 1998-99, which was about 24percent of the net area sown. The cropping intensity on irrigated fields was about 125 percent.In the districts of Bagalkot, Bellary, Mandya, Davangere and Belgaum, the irrigation density wasrelatively high, while the irrigation density in the districts of Uttara Kannada and Chikmagalurwas very low6. Irrigated area per district is shown in this table.
http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/irrigationmap/in/index.stm
India - KarnatakaDistribution of irrigated area by district:
1.7 Water resources
The average annual yield of the rivers of the Karnataka has been roughly estimated as 98406million cubic metres (3475 Tmc7). The basin wise breakup of this yield is
The economically utilisable water potential for irrigation is about 48,000 Mcum (1695 TMC).The state has prepared master-plans for the various river basins. According to these plans
the total utilisation likely under major, medium and minor irrigation projects using surfacewater is 1690.30 Tmc was,
The total investment up-to the end of March 2000 on Irrigation in the state was Rs. 14,267crores comprising Rs.13,399 crores on major & medium irrigation and Rs. 868 crores on minorirrigation (using surface waters); not including the investment on irrigation prior to the planperiods, that is, 1951.
Up-to the end of March 2000 a total irrigation potential of 36,22,921 ha. (Including groundwater had been created). This comprises of the following,
6Government of Karnataka. 2002. District-wise net area irrigated by various sources in Karnataka (1998-99). In:Karnataka at a glance 2000-01. Directorate of Economics and Statistics
7Thousand million cubic feet
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5877
578
681
3036
514
142
3294
369
5734
784
3630
036
9655
4407
1971
064
18H
aver
i48
5156
4745
431
687
5793
2989
1220
921
3612
320
5325
3652
4342
9658
6441
519
Kod
agu
4107
7513
4597
2396
131
010
9128
1477
423
452
3763
2738
1673
5217
9229
1187
720
Kol
ar37
4966
2062
045
677
2887
063
9739
418
7009
4130
112
813
1728
6117
9355
6494
21K
oppa
l55
2495
2945
138
870
1662
725
6814
675
210
6844
00
3816
5450
8052
1263
9822
Man
dya
4982
4424
765
6090
621
519
4195
538
049
3382
3072
442
999
2339
4528
3928
4998
323
Mys
ore
6763
8262
851
6702
845
812
2146
055
256
6871
3571
840
080
3413
0657
9739
2384
3324
Rai
chur
8358
4318
167
2056
320
084
1071
219
816
1368
011
6438
4083
257
5551
7225
1814
6967
25R
aman
agar
3559
1269
946
2622
524
339
1178
2466
239
5016
556
3012
715
8929
1635
9546
6626
Shim
oga
8477
8427
6855
8845
313
312
1630
716
3463
2686
811
300
3033
722
0889
2561
6335
274
27Tu
mku
r10
6475
545
177
8424
167
539
6264
276
453
2103
369
384
3009
360
8193
6643
1456
121
28U
dupi
3564
4610
0102
3926
011
597
3616
010
625
4770
417
7883
4410
0876
1229
4322
067
29U
ttar
aK
anna
da10
2467
981
3595
3442
216
234
6450
1685
248
1458
8711
733
1146
9212
5263
1057
1K
arna
taka
Stat
e:19
0498
3630
7183
313
6928
178
7776
4150
5192
9642
2899
6612
6242
050
5075
1041
8792
1289
2671
2473
879
Are
ain
Lakh
Hec
ts.
190.
530
.72
13.6
97.
884.
159.
32.
912
.62
5.05
104.
1912
8.93
24.7
4
Tabl
e17
:Lan
duse
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District Irrigated area (ha)Bagalkot 189 609Bangalore, Rural 57 888Bangalore, Urban 20 044Belgaum 326 225Bellary 151 796Bidar 37 155Bijapur 121 238Chamaraja Nagar 44 017Chikmagalur 26 140Chitradurga 54 182Dakshina Kannada 66 015Davangere 128 815Dharwad 39 652Gadag 65 764Gulbarga 165 813Hassan 77 847Haveri 73 699Kodagu 3 094Kolar 81 887Koppal 97 368Mandya 116 901Mysore 120 620Raichur 125 790Shimoga 128 733Tumkur 112 235Udupi 34 250Uttara Kannada 25 094Karnataka, total 2 491 871
Table 18: Karnataka district-wise irrigated area
Table 19: Karntaka rivers’ annual yield
River System Estimated average yield inM.cum TMC %age
1 Krishna 27451 969.44 27.902 Cauvery 12034 425.00 12.233 Godavari 1415 49.97 1.444 West Flowing river 56600 1998.83 57.515 North Pennar 906 32.00 0.926 South Pennar7 Palar
Total 98406 3475.24 100
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Table 20: Basin-wise master plans
Basin-wise description Utilisation in TMC1 (a) As per the Krishna Tribunal’s (Kr-
ishna Water Disputes Tribunal) allocationpresently in force
734
(b) Available to the state, in Krishna Basin, byway of Godavari Diversion to Krishna, asper Godavari Ttibunal’s (GWDT) award
23
(c) Available to the state when the surplus wa-ters of the Krishna river are allocated un-der scheme “B” formulated by the KrishnaWater Disputes Tribunal. This scheme cancome into force on the formation of an au-thority to be called Krishna Valley Author-ity, either by consent of the party-states orby an act of parliament
183
(d) Available to the state when a sectionknown as Peninsular Rivers Develop-ment(PRD) scheme materialises.
216
Total for Krishna basin 1156.002 Cauvery 408.623 Godavari 22.374 Other basins 103.31
Total for the state 1690.30
Table 21: Irrigation potential
Area irrigated Detailsa) 4,53,054 ha. Under 8 major and 32 medium completed projects.
b) 12,88,717 ha. Under 19 major and 21 medium on-going projects,bringing total potential under major and mediumprojects to 17,41,171 ha.
c) 9,39,566 ha. Under completed minor projects using surface waters.d) 33,021 ha. Under 13,743 small tanks having less than 4 ha. ayacut
(now with zilla parishads)e) 9,08,563 ha Under irrigation from ground water sources.
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1.8 Agriculture
Nearly 56% of the workforce in Karnataka is engaged in agriculture and related activities.[73] Atotal of 12.31 million hectares of land, or 64.6% of the state’s total area, is cultivated.[74] Muchof the agricultural output is dependent on the southwest monsoon as only 26.5% of the sownarea is irrigated.
1.8.1 Performance
Horticulture
• 43,783 hectares of additional area brought under micro irrigation in 2011-12.
• Organic Horticulture adopted in 19,390 hectare.
• Neera processing unit started with the DFRL and CFTRI technology at Thumbe in Dak-shina Kannada.
• 3,300 acres brought under assured banana cultivation; this scheme is implemented entirelyfor the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe farmers.
• 28 Horticulture Information Centres started at district level to provide information inrespect of horticulture and allied services.
• 2 flower auction centres will be established and made functional at Chikkanahalli inTumkur district and at Davanagere. Mango Development Centre has been started inHogalagere farm in Kolar district.
1.8.2 2020 vision
Agriculture
1. Enhancing the net real income of the farmer;
2. Long run growth rate of 4.5 percent per annum with the participation of Northern rainfedregions and sustaining the growth.
3. Reduction in cost of cultivation and infusion of new technology
Horticulture
1. Transforming Karnataka as a major State in horticultural development of the country.
2. Eco friendly cultivation practices. Increased value addition and getting ahead in thedryland horticultural crops.
3. Enhancing horticultural extension.
Watershed
1. Institutional stabilization,
2. Increased emphasis
3. Productivity coupled with conservation of natural resources.
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2 Tamil Nadu
2.1 Irrigated area
3 Andhra Pradesh
3.1 Irrigated area
The net irrigated area in Andhra Pradesh was 4 384 124 ha in the agricultural year of 1999-2000.Of this total, 1 361 759 ha were cropped more than once. The main irrigation sources are wells(1.9 million ha) and canals (1.63 million ha). The highest irrigation density is to be found onthe coast in the districts of West Godavari, Krishna, Guntur, Srikakulam and East Godavari8.Distribution of irrigated area per district is shown in this table.
Distribution of irrigated area by district:DistrictAdilabad 77 024Anantapur 138 405Chittoor 172 648Cuddapah 133 104East Godavari 282 408Guntur 372 503Hyderabad 172Karimnagar 256 184Khammam 196 092Krishna 324 531Kurnool 168 374Mahbubnagar 157 186Medak 139 135Nalgonda 211 687Nellore 231 849Nizamabad 169 805Prakasam 184 162Rangareddi 75 866Srikakulam 181 538Vishakhapatnam 112 621Vizianagaram 143 599Warangal 287 163West Godavari 368 068Andhra Pradesh, total 4 384 124
Table 22: Andhra Pradesh district-wise irrigated area
8Government of Andhra Pradesh, Department of Agriculture. District-wise net area irrigation by various sourcesin Andhra Pradesh (1999-2000)
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4 Assam
4.1 Irrigated area
The latest official irrigation statistics at state level (e.g. 9) estimate irrigated area in Assam at572 000 ha. These statistics refer to the agricultural year of 1953-54. According to a more recentinventory, irrigated areas at district level total 458 071 ha. However, in the agricultural yearof 1991-92, 221 412 ha were utilized for irrigation, which was about 8 percent of the net areasown10. About one-third of the total irrigated area is located in the districts of Nagaon andBarpeta. Irrigated area per district is shown in this table.
Distribution of irrigated area by district:DistrictBarpeta 56 068Bongaigaon 6 136Cachar 4 836Darrang 43 339Dhemaji 8 158Dhubri 13 744Dibrugarh 11 453Goalpara 10 973Golaghat 11 245Hajlakandi 3 521Jorhat 10 041Kamrup 32 776Karbi Anglong 20 266Karimganj 5 021Kokrajhar 24 233Lakhimpur 6 878Marigaon 14 993Nagaon 82 790Nalbari 16 080North Cacha Hills 4 687Sibsagar 15 648Sonitpur 50 306Tinsukia 4 879Assam, total 458 071
Table 23: Assam district-wise irrigated area
5 Uttar Pradesh
5.1 Irrigated area
The irrigated area in the agricultural year of 1999-2000 was 12 469 624 ha11. This was about74 percent of the net area sown and 51 percent of the total geographical area of the state. The
9Government of India. Land use classification and irrigated area (1997-98 & 1998-99). Ministry of Agriculture10Government of India. 2004. District profiles. National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Communications and IT
(available at http://gist.ap.nic.in/)11Fertilizer Association of India. District/source-wise irrigated area in Uttar Pradesh (1999-00). In: Fertiliser and
agriculture statistics, Northern Region, 2001-02
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cropping intensity on irrigated fields was about 141 percent. In particular, in Meerut Division(districts of Meerut, Bagpat, Ghaziabad, Bulandshahar and Gautam Budh Nagar), the cultivatedarea is completely irrigated. Irrigated area per district is shown in this table.
Distribution of irrigated area by district:DistrictAgra 233 632Aligarh 278 568Allahabad 266 096Ambedkar Nagar 162 893Auraiya 117 465Azamgarh 271 858Baghpat 104 550Bahraich 87 669Ballia 160 901Balrampur 80 813Banda 124 716Barabanki 213 078Bareilly 302 050Basti 131 597Bijnor 285 189Budaun 377 752Bulandshahar 256 787Chandauli 123 117Chitrakut 41 117Deoria 156 352Etah 278 259Etawah 117 529Faizabad 145 318Farrukhabad 126 126Fatehpur 178 291Firozabad 163 846Gautam Budh Nagar 124 908Gazipur 211 648Ghaziabad 140 682Gonda 169 876Gorakhpur 195 049Hamirpur 98 998Hardoi 322 767Hathras 142 587Jalaun 155 658Jaunpur 251 540Jhansi 183 437Jyotiba Phule Nagar 106 506Kanauj 129 224Kandur Nagar, Urban 142 433Kanpur Dehat, Rural 149 222Kaushambi 71 465Kheri 341 251Kushinagar 150 981
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Lalitpur 184 773Lucknow 121 844Maharajganj 158 513Mahoba 94 279Mainpuri 175 802Mathura 259 707Mau 115 936Meerut 188 042Mirzapur 134 462Moradabad 233 940Muzaffarnagar 299 547Partapgarh 176 460Pilibhit 190 836Raibareli 239 203Rampur 170 670Saharanpur 251 374Saint Kabir Nagar 91 537Sant Ravidas Nagar 57 687Shahjahanpur 327 279Shravasti 71 370Siddharthnagar 138 350Sitapur 294 640Sondbhadra 49 211Sultanpur 219 600Unnao 260 967Varanasi 89 794Uttar Pradesh, total 12 469 624
Table 24: Uttar Pradesh district-wise irrigated area
6 Gujarat
6.1 Irrigated area
The irrigated area was 3 092 400 ha in the agricultural year of 1998-99, which was about 32percent of the net area sown. The cropping intensity on irrigated fields was 125 percent12.Irrigated area per district is shown in this table.
A Glossary
NIA =GIACIirr
where, NIA is Net Irrigated Area (ha), GIA is Gross Irrigated Area (ha), and CIirr. is thecropping intensity on irrigated land (no unit).
Gross Irrigated Area (GIA): This term refers to the area irrigated under various crops in a year,counting the area irrigated under more than one crop in the same year as many times
12Government of Gujarat. District/source-wise area irrigated in Gujarat (1998-99). Department of Agriculture(available at http://www.indiaagristat.com)
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Distribution of irrigated area by district:DistrictAhmadabad 173 400Amreli 82 300Banaskantha 361 700Bharuch 91 700Bhavnagar 165 100Gandhinagar 29 600Jamnagar 85 500Junagadh 152 400Kachchh 127 700Kheda 308 300Mahesana 398 100Panchmahals 120 700Rajkot 148 500Sabarkantha 191 500Surat 210 900Surendranagar 127 300The Dangs 400Vadodara 188 100Valsad 129 200Gujarat, total 3 092 400
Table 25: Gujarat district-wise irrigated area
as the number of crops grown and irrigated [IN40]. The Gross Irrigated Area is similarto the FAO-AQUASTAT definition of “irrigated harvested area”, where the same land iscounted as many times as irrigated crops are being harvested in the agricultural year.
Net irrigated area (NIA): This term refer to the total area that is irrigated at least once peragricultural year, and is similar to the FAO-AQUASTAT definition of “area actuallyirrigated”. It does not include areas that were left fallow or that were entirely rainfedduring the year of statistics.
Ultimate Irrigation Potential (UIP): This term refers to the gross irrigated area that theoret-ically could be irrigated if all available land and water resources would be used forirrigation.
B Taluk-wise number and area of operational holders in Karnataka
32
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Kar
natk
aSt
ate
Agr
icul
tura
lCen
sus
2005
-200
6Ta
luk-
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ran
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atio
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nit:
Hol
ding
s(F
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ers)
inN
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Talu
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Smal
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farm
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Are
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No.
Are
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aBA
NG
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(UR
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)1
Ane
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1752
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4732
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1012
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815
5628
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3330
92
Bang
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7114
3152
2214
3072
1155
3132
380
2128
3448
510
897
1196
93
Bang
alor
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orth
(A)
1025
343
2334
9549
5619
7453
5683
547
6692
1826
1664
921
227
4Ba
ngal
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Sout
h44
7325
4516
5123
2098
727
9342
122
7983
1400
7615
1133
75
Bang
alor
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6136
9723
0032
2811
3930
6441
023
4645
751
1305
513
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Dis
t.To
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4852
521
483
1565
622
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2305
532
4618
249
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1C
hann
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582
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163
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135
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2D
evan
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li18
370
8345
5630
7957
2517
6775
892
5016
102
1449
2751
129
542
3D
odab
alla
pur
3127
213
761
1019
514
208
4658
1253
113
8977
1513
919
4647
653
5016
14
Hos
kote
2619
911
057
7053
9621
3473
9210
1632
9073
271
3602
3862
842
563
5K
anak
apur
a44
330
2044
814
218
1980
571
5018
930
2549
1419
031
443
9868
561
7777
16
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adi
3459
214
869
9768
1353
148
2512
747
1579
8578
118
1621
5088
251
346
7N
elam
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la21
294
9090
6658
9408
3780
1024
013
4876
5713
318
2233
213
3821
78
Ram
naga
ram
1941
989
0668
7597
4833
6791
0310
8461
1312
618
0730
871
3567
7D
ist.
Tota
l23
2058
1002
6068
005
9444
132
667
8693
011
059
6149
613
1118
085
3451
0036
1212
CH
ITR
AD
UR
GA
1C
halla
kere
1676
889
4318
810
2715
616
576
4325
785
3449
561
1832
2738
562
520
1563
022
Chi
trad
urga
2017
111
388
1853
526
428
1152
530
720
4609
2650
670
310
080
5554
310
5122
3H
iriy
ur16
494
8872
1547
222
446
1155
831
387
6532
3835
313
1620
120
5137
212
1178
4H
olal
kere
1963
711
161
1430
220
273
7597
2037
926
2014
601
222
3632
4437
870
046
5H
osad
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2314
011
948
1420
220
140
8276
2264
436
4520
956
475
6671
4973
882
359
33
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ated
6M
olak
alm
uru
5691
3024
5833
8352
4483
1215
823
5913
650
458
6942
1882
444
126
Dis
t.To
tal
1019
0155
336
8715
412
4795
6001
516
0545
2829
916
3627
5006
7483
028
2375
5791
33
DA
VAN
AG
ERE
1C
hann
agir
i27
660
1465
416
422
2259
377
3020
711
2576
1413
817
924
0754
567
7450
32
Dav
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2685
113
271
1458
620
451
8613
2320
330
7417
028
245
3362
5336
977
315
3H
arih
ar13
193
6568
7116
9945
4086
1125
517
9010
079
151
1994
2633
639
841
4H
arap
anah
alli
2018
110
858
1845
426
528
1101
929
806
4526
2570
956
180
0554
741
1009
065
Hon
nali
2088
010
790
1169
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115
6071
1631
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991
180
2476
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857
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6Ja
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650
6344
1237
817
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8231
2197
329
4616
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414
5664
3561
968
440
Dis
t.To
tal
1204
1562
485
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611
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4575
012
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826
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4186
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ers
Tota
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rea
Are
aA
rea
Are
aA
rea
Are
a1
Bage
palli
1865
186
1791
6412
750
4463
1191
316
6192
5916
523
6034
104
4489
92
Bang
arpe
t24
294
1202
010
672
1452
462
3216
277
2596
1389
237
646
5344
170
6136
63
Chi
kbal
lapu
r19
465
8436
6404
8900
2707
7279
737
4121
7210
3929
385
2977
54
Chi
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2337
711
222
9442
1318
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1908
1069
521
529
5340
057
5169
25
Gau
ribi
danu
r41
528
1790
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696
1474
252
2813
890
1719
9491
149
2042
5932
058
070
6G
udib
anda
5411
2518
2223
3057
1105
2949
478
2675
5681
392
7312
012
7K
olar
2960
213
265
9810
1369
846
4012
510
1469
8226
119
1672
4564
049
371
8M
alur
2804
912
225
9084
1248
943
1911
602
1472
8276
123
1644
4304
746
236
9M
ulba
gal
2774
112
597
1070
214
793
4822
1293
316
1991
3814
019
0745
024
5136
810
Sidl
agha
tta
1974
691
8780
7511
113
3372
9039
995
5476
8010
7032
268
3588
511
Srin
ivas
apur
a22
820
1018
374
7210
567
3499
9430
1501
8769
235
3380
3552
742
329
Dis
t.To
tal
2606
8411
8175
9374
412
9819
4550
212
1458
1615
590
018
1730
2353
341
7815
4830
03
SHIM
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thi
2515
112
152
7148
9741
2876
7660
680
3684
2539
335
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3363
02
Hos
anag
ar76
3242
7145
1563
6219
9453
2568
138
3968
910
1489
020
707
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DRAFT
c ©C
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2012
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DRAFT
c ©C
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41
DRAFT
c ©C
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2012
Asi
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42
DRAFT
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2012
Asi
anD
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43
DRAFT
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ated
C District Infrastructure Index
The CMIE developed a composite District Infrastructure Index based on 7 indicators, in 2000,viz. transport facility, energy, irrigation facility, banking facility, communication infrastructure,educational institutions and health facilities.13
The Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (M/o DoNER), used these indicatorsas a reference in their own exercise in a report published in September 2009, as only Assam wasincluded in the original exercise. They replaced irrigation with water supply because of lack ofdata availability.
The composite District Infrastructure Index was defined as,
DIIi = Σwixij
where DIIi is the composite Index for the ith observation, wi is the weight assigned to the ith
indicator and xij is the value of the ith aspect of infrastructure for the jth district.The weights for computing the index were not decided following undertaking Principal
Component Analysis, instead the policy thrust of M/o DoNER as suggested by the sectoralcomposition of sanctioned projects was used as a guide in determining individual weights forthe indicators. “Sanctioned projects from the NLCPR scheme consists of roads and bridges ac-count for 35.31%, power 21.77%, education 11.84% water supply 10.28%, health 7.04% irrigationand flood control 5.51% and the rest for sports, auditorium, markets buildings, airports etc.”
The weights assigned were:
# Items Weightage
1 Road length per 100 sq km 242 Surfaced road as % of total road length 23 Percentage of villages electrified 154 Percentage of households having tap water connection 155 Schools per 1000 population 66 Schools per 100 sq km 67 Post & telegraph office per 10,000 population 3.58 Post & telegraph office per 100 sq km 3.59 Telephone exchange per 10,000 population 2.510 Telephone exchange per 100 sq km 2.511 Hospital beds per 10,000 population 812 Hospital beds per 100 sq km 713 Banks per 10,000 population 2.514 Banks per 100 sq km 2.5
Total (1 to 14) 100
D Income
A Horticulture project of interest in Karnataka is the ‘Karnataka Watershed DevelopmentProject-II (Sujala-III).’
The World Bank, Government of India and Government of Karnataka designed the Kar-nataka Watershed Development Project II (Sujala-III). The project focused initially exclusivelyaround Rain-fed Agriculture.
13mdoner.gov.in/.../Infrastructure%20index7631933225.doc
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Gulbarga Davanagere
Total Area 1,610,208 ha 597,597 ha
Talukas 7 7Number of horticulture farm-ers
20000 150000
% of horticulture farmersamong all farmers
9% 29%
% of small & marginal horti-culture farmers
50% 40%
Average horticulture area perfarmer
3-4 acres 2-3 acres
Horticulture farmers withborewells
75% 70%
% of horticulture area in netarea sown
2.06% 15.77%
Table 27: Landholding categories of horticulture farmers (in %)
Household surveys revealed that the project districts were, in general, horticulturally back-ward. Across the project watersheds, horticulture farmers accounted for about 17% of the totalfarming households. Davanagere, being relatively well developed with commercial agriculture,had the highest proportion of horticulture farmers (30%), followed by Chamarajnagar, whereone-fourth of the farmers pursued horticulture. Koppal had the lowest percentage (6%) ofhorticulture growers among project watersheds.
The average cropped area under horticulture crops varied from one acre to more than sixacres, with the around 2.5 acres. It is evident that horticulture fetches higher income as comparedto food crops. However, three factors dissuade small/ marginal farmers from horticulture:
1. initial capital requirements are high;
2. longer gestation period; and
3. risks and uncertainties in terms of both crop damage due to pests and diseases, as well asmarket prices
“Horticulture farmers have much higher levels of household incomes, in other words horti-culture, inter alia, enabled them to move up the income hierarchy; and horticulture farmers areconcentrated among the higher income categories. These findings are also broadly corroboratedby the PRA results which show that smallholders constitute a minority of horticulture farmers.
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Major horticul-ture crops
Mean income/acre (Rs)
Major non-horticulturecrops
Mean income/acre (Rs)
Banana 284240 Chickpea 19750Beans 9250 Cotton 17896Chillies 66313 Groundnut 14790Coconut 237146 Jowar 14647Onion 23343 Maize 10887Turmeric 115606 Paddy 6478Pepper 15547 Ragi 8413Areca nut 361555 Soya beans 9311Flowers 42733 Sugarcane 47306Tomato 122833 Sunflower 10048Lady finger 35000 Pigeon pea 10475Bottle gourd 11000 Green gram 10989Lemon 45000 Cowpea 5667All crops 119234 All crops 11851
Table 28: Horticulture and Hon-Horticulture Crop Incomes
Household in-come category(Rs)
Non-horticulturefarmers
Horticulturefarmers
Up to 10,000 2.49% 2.60%10,000 to 30,000 24.02% 15.60%30,000 to 50,000 29.99% 20.33%50,000 to 75,000 18.75% 14.89%75,000 to 100,000 10.75% 12.06%100,000 to 200,000 10.67% 21.04%Above 200,000 3.32% 13.48%
Table 29: Household incomes: Horticulture and Non-Horticulture farmers
46
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0
10
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1015
2025
2.6
15.6
20.33
14.8912.06
21.04
13.48
Income category (Rs)
Hor
tifa
rmer
s(%
)
“The above results reveal the potential horticulture has in terms of contributing to householdincomes. Yet, it is not wide spread as the area under horticulture is quite insignificant. It alsoseems to be concentrated more among larger farmers. Some crucial factors, constraininghorticultural development include:
• Lack of general awareness about horticulture; and its role and economic and livelihoodimportance.
• Relatively low penetration of Horticulture Department.
• Relatively high temperature in some pockets
• Lack of role models in the form of champion farmers or progressive farmers.
• Absence of enterprising and risk-taking farmers.
• Lack of assured irrigation.
• Poor infrastructure and connectivity
• Marketing constraints and excessive dependence on intermediaries
• Lack of quality planting material, technical support and capacity-building.
• Planting materials are supplied mostly from private nurseries only.
47
