Study on Novel Bioreactors Technology for Biodegradation of Oil … · 2016. 1. 22. · Bioreactor...
Transcript of Study on Novel Bioreactors Technology for Biodegradation of Oil … · 2016. 1. 22. · Bioreactor...
Study on Novel Bioreactors
Technology for Biodegradation of Oil
Sands Process-Affected Water
Lei Zhu
Supervisor: Dr. Tong Yu
2015-04-20
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Alberta
Athabasca, Cold Lake and
Peace River, more than 75,000
square kilometres
Approximately 170.4 billion
barrels of recoverable bitumen
3rd largest proven oil reserves
Clark Hot Water Extraction
Background
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athabasca_oil_sands
1 billion m3 by 2025
¼ of Edmonton’s area
(176 Km2)
http://www.ibtimes.com/safety-measures-canadas-oil-sands-sector-are-increasing-
worker-protection-government-1359749
Biological Treatment
• Low capital and operating costs
• Oxidation of organic compounds
• Removal of inorganic compounds
• Nitrogen removal
• Operational flexibility
• Reduction of aquatic toxicity
• Microbial activities have been reported
in mature fine tailings (MFT)
• Commercial naphthenic acids was
degraded using indigenous microbes
from MFT
• Wastewater sludge from municipal
WTP could also be amended to MFT
for treatability test of OSPW
Advantages Feasibility
Long-term Goal:
To develop a feasible biological process train using
bioreactors for degradation of recalcitrant organic
compounds in OSPW
Research Objectives
Bioreactor Process Train
Biofilm Introduction
Biofilm is microbial growth on a surface or interface and consists of
microbial cells embedded in self-produced matrix of extracellular
polymeric substance (EPS).
http://aem.asm.org/content/72/3/2005/F1.expansion.html
1. Due to the biofilm diffusion limit, MBBR and MABR can
supply a good microenvironment for specialized microbes
to digest toxic organic compounds
2. Both of them exhibits greater resistance to the adverse
chemical conditions presented by industrial wastewater
than conventional biological treatment
3. Both of them have long sludge retention time, which will be
critical for specialized microorganisms to adapt the harsh
environment
4. Both of them can achieve aerobic and anaerobic conditions
inside the reactor
Bioreactor Selection
Bioreactor Design
Bioreactor Design
Water Characteristics
Item Description/Concentration (mg/L)
Colour Brown
Odour Hydrocarbon-like
COD 230
pH 7.5-8.8 (Test Value: 7.94)
Freezing Point 0℃
Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO3) 501.25
Cl- 627.33
SO42- 279.62
NO3- + NO2
- 2.41 (N mg/L)
NH4+ 1.95
NAs (FT-IR) 68.9
Water quality of OSPW from Suncor Energy Inc
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor
Influent Port Sampling Port
Influent Pump
Effluent Port
Mechanical Mixer
Settling Flask
Influent Pump
Controller
Mechanical Mixer Controller
Effluent Storage Tank
Air Line
13Influent Port
Effluent Port
Internal Recycling Port
N2 Input
Compressed Air Input
Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor
Internal Recycling Port
Reactor COD Performance
MBBR
MABR
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
Stage 1 Stage 2
BOD Test Results
1. BOD in Raw OSPW, MBBR Effluent and MABR Effluent are very low, around 5 mg/L
2. The BOD/COD ratio in MBBR and MABR is larger than 0.3, which makes the environment
comfortable for bacteria inside reactors
3. Ozonation is useful for increasing the biodegradability of the effluent from MBBR
FTIR Test Results
DNA Sequencing Test Results
Statistics for 16S rRNA Gene Library
SampleOptimized Sequence
Number
OTU
Number
Coverage
(%)Chao Shannon
Raw OSPW (2013-04-
09) S10611352 7077 99.1 43532
(39819, 47665)4.30
MBBR Biofilm (2013-
05-01) S11777311 7637 99.3 33714
(31362, 36301)4.59
MBBR Suspended
Solid (2014-06-20) S1623440 5471 99.3 28986
(26347, 31960)4.12
MBBR Biofilm (2014-
06-20) S3813730 6185 99.4 30564
(27985, 33448)4.20
MABR Inoculum
Sludge (2014-02-20)
S12
849645 6427 99.5 33340(30448, 36582)
4.19
MABR Biofilm (2014-
06-20) S2544425 4372 99.4 17969
(16334, 19827)4.60
Miseq Illumina DNA Sequencing Test Results
• Proteobacteria was the
majority class and existed in all
six samples;
• α,β, γ-proteobacteria of all
reactor samples were lower
than that of Raw OSPW
• Flavobacteria: great
resistance under toxic and
alkaline environment
• Ignavibacteria found in MABR
Biofilm sample belongs to
Chlorobi phylum, which relates
to sulfur metabolism
• Nitrospira existed in biofilm
sample which is involved in
nitrification process
Top 10 microbial classified under Class Level
Heatmap for top 50 microbial classified under Genus Level
Miseq Illumina DNA Sequencing Test Results
• Nine Common genus for all 6 samples
• Pseudomonas: metabolic capability of
anteiso (β)-alkyl substituted aliphatic
carbon chain;
• Flavobacterium and Rhodobacter :
ternary substitution at positions other
than the β-position to the carboxylic
group of the main carbon chain.
• Steroidobacter: anaerobically on C-
18/19 as source of carbon with nitrate
as the electron acceptor.
• Methyloversatilis relate to heavy metal
and aromatic compounds resistant,
methylotrophic
• Bioaugmentation happened in MBBR
and MABR for All of the above three
microbial genus.
Conclusions
This process train with bioreactors was effective on enhancing
biodegradation of recalcitrant organic chemicals and reducing the
toxicity of OSPW.
Due to the nutrients condition, toxicity level and operation conditions,
the microbial community in raw OSPW was hugely different from that
inside bioreactors.
Bioreactors could select and enrich specific microorganisms which
showed great resistance to the harsh environment and the capability
of degrading carboxylic group of the main carbon chain.
Bioaugmentation happening inside MBBR and MABR made the
biodegradation of recalcitrant organic chemicals in OSPW faster and
the acceleration of end-pit lake reclamation promising.
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council of Canada (NSERC)
Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC)
Suncor Energy Inc.
Acknowledgement
Thank you for
your attention.
Questions?