Study of the ICT security sector in Spain

8/7/2019 Study of the ICT security sector in Spain

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He{yhysyaElkhael`icYckea`aml{ic`lKadsehklkhe

[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc < ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe

[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw

he [vlhe


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[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc 7 ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe

Cihyhae2 Ocgwslwx 7668

Yjh{ vsg`hklyhae gcàem{ ya yjc He{yhysya Elkhael` ic Yckeaàml{ ic `l Kadsehklkhe HEYCKA$ *Elyhael`Kaddsehklyhae{ Yckjeaàmhc{ He{yhysyc( lei h{ seicw l Kwclyhc Kaddae{ [vlhe 7%3 Lyywhgsyhae Eae$kaddcwkhl` `hkce{c,lei oaw yjh{ wcl{ae kavxhem, ih{ywhgsyhem lei ih{v`lxhem yjh{ }awn h{ vcwdhyyci seicw yjc oa`à}hem khwksd{ylekc{2

Lyywhgsyhae2 Yjc kaeycey ao yjh{ wcvawy kle gc yayl``x aw vlwyhl``x wcvwaiskci gx yjhwi vlwyhc{, {vckhoxhem hy{ {aswkc leiczvwc{{`x wcocwwhem ya gayj HEYCKA lei hy{ }cg{hyc2 }}}%heycka%c{% Yjh{ lyywhgsyhae kle he ea ccey {smmc{y yjly HEYCKAvwahic{ yjh{ yjhwi vlwyx {svvawy aw {svvawy{ yjc s{c dlic ao hy{ }awn%

Eae$kaddcwkhl` S{c2 Yjc awhmhel` dlycwhl` lei yjc wc{s`yhem }awn{ kle gc ih{ywhgsyci, kavhci lei {ja}e l{ àem vwahiciyjly hy h{ eay oaw kaddcwkhl` vswva{c{%

]jce yjc }awn h{ wcs{ci aw ih{ywhgsyci, hy{ `hkce{c ycwd{ ds{y gc dlic cwx k`clw% [adc ao yjc{c kaeihyhae{ dlx gc eay gclvv`hklg`c ho yjc kavxwhmjy `hkce{c h{ eay agylheci owad HEYCKA% Eayjhem he yjh{ `hkce{c hdvhemc{ aw wc{ywhky{ HEYCKA-{ dawl`whmjy{%

Os`` `hkce{c yczy2

jyyv2!!kwclyhckaddae{%awm!`hkce{c{!gx$ek!7%3!c{!


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NCX VAHEY[

H% HeywaiskyhaeHEYCKA yaan yjc hehyhlyhc ya {cy sv lei jcli l yav$`cc` yjhen$ylen aw mwasv ao czvcwy{

}hyj dcdgcw{ iwl}e owad yjc HY {ckswhyx vwhlyc {ckyaw lei {khceyhohk kaddsehyx he [vlhe,

l{ }c`` l{ wcea}eci vsg`hk {ckyaw czvcwy{ he yjh{ ohcì he awicw ya lel`x{c heoawdlyhae

{ckswhyx h{{sc{ }hyjhe yjc Heoawdlyhae lei Kaddsehklyhae Yckjeaàmx {ckyaw%

Hy{ agbckyhc{ lwc2 ohw{y ao l``, ya ihlmea{c yjc kswwcey {ylyc lei vwcihky yjc osyswc ywcei{

ao yjc heoawdlyhae {ckswhyx dlwncy he [vlhe lei Cswavc> {ckaei`x, ya {ysix yceicekhc{ he

HKY {ckswhyx lei yjchw hdvlky ae yjc Vsg`hk Lidheh{ywlyhae, yjc gs{hec{{ {ckyaw lei

khyhrce{ he mcecwl`> lei yjhwi`x, ya seicwylnc l dlwncy lel`x{h{ *ao yjc lkyaw{, {svv`x leiicdlei, cyk%( yjly dlx vwahic le he{hmjy heya yjc gs{hec{{ daic`{ hdv`cdceyci he yjc

{ckyaw, l{ }c`` l{ yjc va{hyhaehem lei hdvawylekc ao HKY {ckswhyx }hyjhe yjc ckaeadx l{ l

}ja`c%

HH% HKY [ckswhyx Dlwncy

Yjc }awì}hic {ckswhyx dlwncy jl{ czvcwhcekci {yclix mwa}yj he wckcey xclw{,kae{yley`x lkjhchem {hmehohkley mwa}yj wlyc{ xclw ae xclw% Yjc [vleh{j {ckswhyxdlwncy jl{ oa`à}ci yjh{ {ldc ywcei lei, he 766?, wclkjci yjc ohmswc ao ?


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HHH% Hejhghyhem lei [yhds`lyhae Olkyaw{

HHH%< Hejhghyaw{

Yjcwc lwc kcwylhe olkyaw{ he yjc [vleh{j dlwncy yjly jheicw yjc iccàvdcey ao yjcHKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw, yjc da{y {hmehohkley ao }jhkj lwc ya gc oasei ae yjc icdlei{hic2 daihoxhem yjh{ h{ iccdci l ncx c`cdcey oaw ce{swhem yjc kae{a`hilyhae ao ldlyswc {ckswhyx dlwncy%

Jadc{ lei gs{hec{{c{ jlc he{soohkhcey nea}`cimc ao yjchw HKY {ckswhyx ecci{,nea} eayjhem ao yjc ca`syhae ao yjc yjwcly{ lei, va{{hg`x, lwc eay cce l}lwc aoyjchw `cml` ag`hmlyhae{% He {skj l {kcelwha, yjcwc }asì {ccd ya gc l k`clw ecci oawhekwcl{ci hehyhlyhc{ ya cisklyc lei {vwcli yjc }awi he awicw ya oa{ycw l {ckswhyx

ks`yswc%

[vlhe jl{ xcy ya seicwma yjc da{y ywle{kceicey kjlemc he yjc }lx HKY {ckswhyx h{kaekchci2 yjly }jhkj ceylh`{ dahem owad l wclkyhc ya l vwalkyhc lvvwalkj% Ae`xyjc dlbaw awmleh{lyhae{ gl{hkl``x yja{c he kcwylhe {ckyaw{ *glenhem, jcl`yj,icocekc( jlc lk|shwci l vwalkyhc {ckswhyx ks`yswc% He mcecwl`, yjc vwciadheleykaekcvyhae ao yjh{ h{{sc kceywc{ ae vwayckyhae dcl{swc{ yjly wc|shwc ea heycwceyhaeae yjc vlwy ao yjc s{cw, h%c% he{yl`` lei oawmcy {a`syhae{, he{ycli ao kaekchhem{ckswhyx l{ l ecci ya oa{ycw vcw{ael` lei awmleh{lyhael` gcjlhasw vlyycwe{ yjly

cejlekc vwayckyhae%

Yjc kae{c|scekc ao l wclkyhc lyyhysic ya {ckswhyx vwag`cd{ h{ ya vwaiskc l nhei aocdcwmcekx icdlei, }jcwc k`hcey{ {ccn l wlvhi {a`syhae ya yjchw vwag`cd lei wc{awyya vlwyhl` {a`syhae{, he{ycli ao hdv`cdceyhem màgl` {a`syhae{ gl{ci ae le lkkswlycwh{n lel`x{h{, }jhkj, he{aolw l{ h{ va{{hg`c, kasì vwccey {skj hekhicey{%

HHH%7 [yhds`lyhae Olkyaw{

Vcwyhecey `cmh{`lyhae lei yjc {a$kl``ci ywlkyaw vwabcky{ lwc kae{hicwci ya gc yjcolkyaw{ yjly jlc da{y gaa{yci iccàvdcey ao HKY {ckswhyx he [vlhe%

a @cmh{`lyhae kae{yhysyc{ l va}cwos` he{ywsdcey oaw kaeohmswhem icdlei lei, gx

heywaiskhem l `cml` ag`hmlyhae, aoo{cy{ yjc `lkn ao l}lwcec{{ lei!aw asywhmjy

hmeawlekc ao s{cw{%

[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc = ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe

a Ldaem {skj ywlkyaw vwabcky{, yjc da{y eayc}awyjx h{ l {cwhc{ ao hehyhlyhc{

wc`lyci ya yjc c`ckywaehk HI klwi% Yjh{ hehyhlyhc kasì oawd yjc gl{h{ oaw

iccàvhem l }hic$wlemhem dlwncy ao vwaisky{ lei {cwhkc{% He liihyhae ya yjc

cooawy{ hea`ci he {ylwyhem hy sv lei ih{{cdhelyhem hy ldaem awihelwx khyhrce{,

}c ds{y kae{hicw yja{c wc`lyci ya iccàvdcey{ *`hgwlwhc{, cyk%( yjly celg`chy{ s{c{ ya gc ds`yhv`hci lei oswyjcw czyceici%


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a He{aolw l{ {ckswhyx macwelekc h{ kaekcweci, hy h{ vlwyhks`lw`x hdvawyley yjly

c{ylg`h{jci {yleilwi{ gc dlic }hic`x nea}e% Yjc{c kle yjce lky l{

mshic`hec{ oaw olkh`hylyhem vswkjl{hem ickh{hae{ lei gwhem yjc cooawy{ ao l``{ckswhyx vwaisky kae{sdcw{ heya `hec }hyj heycwelyhael``x wckameh{ci maai

vwlkyhkc{% [yleilwi{ lei kcwyhohklyhae {yldv{ kae{yhysyc l gl{hk c`cdcey oaw

kaawihelyhem yjc cooawy{ ao he{yhysyhae{, gs{hec{{c{ lei jadc{% Kcwyhohklyhae

kasì oawd yjc gl{h{ ao le HKY {ckswhyx {ywlycmx ya gaa{y iccàvdcey }hyjhe

yjc dlwncy%

Yjc vsg`hk {ckyaw h{ l dlbaw kae{sdcw ao HKY {ckswhyx {a`syhae{, mhce yjly yjcxlwc c{{ceyhl` oaw vwahihem {cwhkc{ ya hy{ khyhrce{ *c%m% jcl`yj, bs{yhkc aw cisklyhae( awoaw kacwhem hy{ a}e ecci{ *icocekc, ylzc{, cyk(% Yjc iccàvdcey ao yjc HKY{ckswhyx heis{ywx }asì gcecohy mwcly`x owad czv`hkhy kae{hicwlyhae ao yjc{c ecci{ hevsg`hk vwakswcdcey vwamwlddc{%

Icdlei oaw HKY {ckswhyx he `lwmc ceycwvwh{c{2

a Yjc ncx kaekcvy l{ wcmlwi{ yjc icdlei oaw HKY {ckswhyx he dlbaw ceycwvwh{c{

h{ gs{hec{{ kaeyheshyx%

a Gcy}cce 766? lei 766=, }c jlc }hyec{{ci le hekwcl{c he yjc esdgcw ao

awmleh{lyhae{ }hyj dlelmcw{ {vckhohkl``x icihklyci ya HKY {ckswhyx *


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s{cw{% Eaecyjc`c{{, hy h{ }awyj eayhem yjly {cwhas{ hekhicey{, {skj l{ lkkasey

aw kwcihy klwi owlsi aw yjcoy lwc eay cwx }hic{vwcli%

Icdlei oaw HKY {ckswhyx he yjc [DC2

a Yjc leyhhws{ h{ yjc da{y kaddae`x s{ci {ckswhyx yaa` he [DC{> 8:%8# {lx

yjcx jlc aec he{yl``ci ae yjchw kadvsycw{%

Ja} [DC{ lky ae {ckswhyx dlyycw{ icvcei{ ae olkyaw{ {skj l{ yjchw {hrc lei

{ckyaw ao lkyhhyx% He mcecwl`, yjc gcjlhasw ao dhkwa kadvlehc{ jl{ l mwcly

esdgcw ao {hdh`lwhyhc{ }hyj yjc jas{cja`i {ckyaw%

a 83# ao [vleh{j [DC{ gc`hcc HKY {ckswhyx h{ hdvawyley aw cwx hdvawyley%Ja}ccw, yjh{ iac{ eay {ccd ya gc lkkadvlehci gx ayjcw heihklyaw{, {skj l{

nea}`cimc ao yjc yjwcly{ he |sc{yhae% Yjh{ {jawykadhem dlx gc isc ya yjc

lg{cekc ao {shylg`x |sl`hohci vcw{aeec` he yjc HKY {ckswhyx ohc`i }hyjhe

[vleh{j [DC{2 l dcwc


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Yjc oawckl{y h{ oaw mwclycw mwa}yj he vwalkyhc {ckswhyx dcl{swc{, mhce yjc jhmjvcecywlyhae ao {ckswhyx c`cdcey{ k`l{{hohci l{ gchem vl{{hc2 leyhhws{, ohwc}l``,

leyh{vld lei leyh{vx}lwc vwamwld{, vav$sv }heia} gàkncw{ lei avcwlyhem {x{ycd{ckswhyx svilyc{% Eaecyjc`c{{, s{cw{ }h`` kaeyhesc ya wc`x ae {ckswhyx dckjleh{d{}jhkj ia eay wc|shwc kae{yley lyyceyhae lei ia eay `hdhy yjchw {ce{c ao owcciad }jces{hem yjc Heycwecy%

_% Vsg`hk HKY [ckswhyx Va`hkhc{

Yjc `cmh{`lyhae ae {ckswhyx h{{sc{ dlx gc k`l{{hohci heya oasw klycmawhc{2

a Wcms`lyhae{ yjly vwaycky {ckswhyx$wc`lyci whmjy{ lei {lekyhae kaeywlceyhae{2

Vcel` Kaic lei Heyc``ckysl` Vwavcwyx Lky%

a Wcms`lyhae{ yjly aoocw `cml` {locmslwi{ }jce vwahihem {cwhkc{ wc`lyci ya

HKY {ckswhyx2 C`ckywaehk [hmelyswc Lky, [vleh{j Cl`slyhae lei Kcwyhohklyhae

[x{ycd oaw Heoawdlyhae Yckjeaàmx [ckswhyx%

a Wcms`lyhae{ yjly c{ylg`h{j ag`hmlyhae{ oaw HKY {ckswhyx |sc{yhae{2 Ilyl

Vwayckyhae Lky lei @l} ae Dcl{swc{ ya Vwadayc yjc Heoawdlyhae [akhcyx%

a Wcms`lyhae{ yjly c{ylg`h{j {ckswhyx ag`hmlyhae{ oaw vsg`hk lidheh{ywlyhae{2 @l}

ae C`ckywaehk Lkkc{{ oaw Khyhrce{ ya yjc Vsg`hk Lidheh{ywlyhae{ lei yjcElyhael` [ckswhyx [kjcdc%

Yjc vsg`hk {ckyaw, he hy{ wa`c l{ l kae{sdcw }hyj l `lwmc a`sdc ao vsg`hklk|sh{hyhae{, kle jlc l cwx ihwcky hdvlky ae yjc iccàvdcey ao yjc dlwncy ,{yhds`lyhem heealyhae lei {cwhem l{ le czldv`c oaw yjc liavyhae ao {ckswhyxdcl{swc{%

a Vsg`hk lk|sh{hyhae{ {jasì eay kae{hicw {ckswhyx l{ l kadvaecey ao {adc

ayjcw vwaisky aw {cwhkc, gsy wlyjcw l{ l oseildceyl` c`cdcey yjly, ao

eckc{{hyx, ds{y oawd vlwy ao yjcd l``%

a Yjc olky yjly yjc Vsg`hk Lidheh{ywlyhae jl{ {ylwyci sv dlbaw ywlkyaw vwabcky{

jl{ vwahici l ec} {aswkc ao {yhds`lyhae oaw yjc {ckswhyx dlwncy, }hyj yjc ncx

czldv`c gchem yjc vayceyhl` oaw oswyjcw iccàvhem yjc dlwncy vwahici gx yjc

c`ckywaehk HI klwi vwabcky%

[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc


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klvlkhyhc{ ya gayj yjc Cswavcle lei @lyhe Ldcwhkle cehwaedcey{% Yjs{, yjc He{yhysyc jl{

yjc aklyhae ao gchem le heealyhc iccàvdcey kceycw ao elyhael` heycwc{y> hy kae{yhysyc{

le cewhkjhem hehyhlyhc lei ywhc{ ya ih{{cdhelyc yjc ec} yckjeaàmhc{ he [vlhe, k`clw`x heysec }hyj Cswavc%

Yjc {akhl` vswva{c ao HEYCKA h{ ya dlelmc lihkc lgasy, vwadayc lei ih{{cdhelyc

yckjeaàmhkl` vwabcky{% Ya yjh{ cei, hy }h`` iccàv lkyhae{ he yjc oa`à}hem {ywlycmhk `hec{ ly

`cl{y2 yckjeaàmhkl` {ckswhyx, lkkc{{hgh`hyx, heealyhae he HKY {a`syhae{ oaw [DC{, c$jcl`yj,

c$icdakwlkx%

jyyv2!!}}}%heycka%c{


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Lih{hem vsg`hk lidheh{ywlyhae{ ae heoawdlyhae {ckswhyx lei yws{y, he liihyhae ya

{svvawyhem yjc kwclyhae, daehyawhem lei l{{c{{dcey ao vsg`hk va`hkhc{ he yjh{ ohc`i%

jyyv2!!ag{cwlyawha%heycka%c{


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Cewh|sc Dlwyecr% Ihwckyaw Mcecwl`% HEYCKA

Bawmc Vwcr% VjI he Yc`ckaddsehklyhae{ Cemheccwhem lei Vwaoc{{aw ly yjc

Yc`ckaddsehklyhae{ Cemheccwhem [svcwhaw Ka``cmc% VA@XYCKJEHK SEH_CW[HYX

AO DLIWHI

Ba{ Leyaeha Dll{% VjI he Yc`cdlyhk [x{ycd{ ly yjc Yc`ckaddsehklyhae{

Cemheccwhem [svcwhaw Ka``cmc% VA@XYCKJEHK SEH_CW[HYX AO DLIWHI

Ba{ Klwglba{l% Ihwckyaw ao [vleh{j Avcwlyhae{% _H[L CSWAVC

Ba{s Owleka% Ihwckyaw ao Kawvawlyc Iccàvdcey% VLEIL [AY]LWC

Bsle Klwà{ Xs{yl{% Jcli ao Kawvawlyc @amhkl` [ckswhyx% WCV[A@$XVO

Bsle Ml{ke% Icvsyx Ihwckyaw ao Yc`ckaddsehklyhae{ lei Ihwckyaw%

HEOAWDLYHAE YCKJEA@AMHC[ OASEILYHAE%

Bsle Dhmsc` Dw|scr Ihwckyaw Mcecwl` ao Daicweh{lyhae% VSG@HK

LIDHEH[YWLYHAE[ DHEH[YWX

@s{ Cewh|sc Jcweeicr% Vsg`hk Lidheh{ywlyhae / Jcl`yj Ihwckyaw% HEIWL

@s{ Bhdecr% Jcli ao Va`hkx lei [cwhkc{ Sehy% ICOCEKC DHEH[YWX KEH

@s{ Dlwye% Dlwncyhem Ihwckyaw oaw yjc Ceycwvwh{c Dlwncy% DHKWA[AOY

Dlesc` Ml`à% Heicvceicey kae{s`yley ae gs{hec{{ iccàvdcey lei yc`ckad{

{ckswhyx dlyycw{%

A{klw Vl{yaw% [ckswhyx Dlelmcw% H[ICOC

[l`liaw [awhlea% Icvsyx Ihwckyaw Mcecwl` ao [cwhkc{ oaw yjc Heoawdlyhae [akhcyx%[%C%Y%[%H% DHEH[YWX AO HEIS[YWX, YASWH[D / KADDCWKC%

Zlhcw Dhyzc`cel% Ihwckyaw Mcecwl`% [7


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[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc :%=#

[ckswhyx [cwhkc{ [ckswhyx [aoy}lwc [ckswhyx Jlwi}lwc

[aswkc2 HIK

[ckswhyx Jlwi}lwc

Yjc jlwi}lwc dlwncy h{ yjc {dl``c{y {cmdcey, ae`x wcvwc{ceyhem :%=# ao yjc yayl`% Ly yjh{

dadcey he yhdc, hy h{ oseildceyl``x oaks{ci ae yjc ohwc}l`` lei _VE *_hwysl` Vwhlyc

Ecy}awn( {cmdcey, gsy yjcwc h{ le chicey sv}lwi{ ywcei he yjc {cmdcey{ icl`hem }hyj

[KD *[ckswc Kaeycey Dlelmcdcey( lei, lgac l``, SYD *Sehohci Yjwcly Dlelmcdcey(%

Yjc ecci oaw heycmwlyci, kae{a`hilyci {yawlmc {a`syhae{ h{ k`clw`x iwhhem yjh{ dlwncy%

[ckswhyx [cwhkc{

Yjc da{y wcvwc{ceylyhc {cmdcey h{ kswwcey`x yjly ao {ckswhyx {cwhkc{, }hyj l l`sc yjly

wcvwc{cey{ 39%8# ao yjc yayl` {ckswhyx dlwncy% Yjc {cwhkc{ {cmdcey h{ iwl}hem he l `lwmc

esdgcw ao lmcey{ hea`ci he kae{s`ylekx }awn lei yjc heycmwlyhae ao {ckswhyx {a`syhae{%Va{hyhaehem dac{ }hyjhe yjc dlelmci {ckswhyx {a`syhae{ {ckyaw kle l`{a gc ag{cwci%

[ckswhyx [aoy}lwc

Yjc {ckswhyx {aoy}lwc dlwncy lkkasey{ oaw ;?%9# ao yjc [vleh{j {ckswhyx dlwncy% Yjh{

dlwncy h{ jhmj`x kaekceywlyci he yjc kaeycey dlelmcdcey lei {ckswhyx {cmdcey, yjc da{y

wcvwc{ceylyhc ao yjc {ckswhyx {a`syhae{ liavyci gx yjc kae{sdcw lei [AJA *[dl``

Aoohkc$Jadc Aoohkc( dlwncy% Yjc {ckaei da{y wc`cley dlwncy h{ yjwcly dlelmcdcey%


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;%; [ckswhyx [ckyaw Lmcey{ he [vlhe

Acw yjc `l{y oc} xclw{, yjcwc jl{ gcce l eayhkclg`c kjlemc he yjc {ywskyswc ao yjc HKY

{ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe, }hyj ihoocwcey heycmwlyhae vwakc{{c{ ylnhem v`lkc }hyjhe yjcheis{ywx lei ec} lkyaw{, vwaisky{ lei {cwhkc{ kae{yley`x lvvclwhem% ]hyjhe yjh{

{ywskyswc, yjc wc`cley lmcey{ he yjc HKY {ckswhyx dlwncy kle gc mwasvci heya ohc

klycmawhc{2

[ckswhyx {aoy}lwc dlesolkyswcw{% Yjc iccàvcw{ ao {aoy}lwc yaa`{ v`lx l

vlwyhks`lw`x hdvawyley wa`c he yjc dlwncy lei [vlhe kle gal{y {adc hdvawyley

kadvlehc{ }awnhem ya vwaycky s{ l`` lmlhe{y dl`hkhas{ kaic *leyhhws{(%

[ckswhyx jlwi}lwc dlesolkyswcw{% Ldaem yjc lmcey{ ae yjc [vleh{j dlwncy,yjcwc lwc kadvlehc{ }ja kacw l`` yjc ihoocwcey klycmawhc{ }hyjhe yjc k`l{{hohklyhae

s{ci he yjc ic{kwhvyhae ao yjc dlwncy2 ghadcywhk ichkc{, lsyjceyhklyhae jlwi}lwc,

{dlwy klwi{, cyk%

[ckswhyx {a`syhae{ ih{ywhgsyaw{% Heycwdcihlwhc{ }ja {svv`x yjc ihoocwcey {ckswhyx

{a`syhae{ llh`lg`c *jlwi}lwc, {aoy}lwc lei {cwhkc{( ya `lwmc kadvlehc{, [DC{ lei

heihhisl`{%

Heycmwlyaw{ {vckhl`h{hem he {ckswhyx% Heycmwlyaw{ }ja {vckhl`h{c he {ckswhyx h{{sc{

l`{a v`lx le hdvawyley wa`c he yjc [vleh{j dlwncy, mhce yjly yjcx lwc yjc aec{ }ja

kadc heya ihwcky kaeylky }hyj s{cw{%

[ckswhyx kae{s`yley{ lei lsihyaw{% Kae{s`ylekx lei lsihy kadvlehc{ lwc

eayc}awyjx v`lxcw{ he yjh{ {ckyaw, l{ yjcx jc`v kadvlehc{ ya icohec heoawdlyhae

{ckswhyx va`hkhc{, lel`x{c heoawdlyhae wh{n{ lei liavy dcl{swc{ yjly ol`` }hyjhe yjc

wcdhy ao màgl` {ckswhyx v`le{%

Yjc oa`à}hem {ckyhae{ wcocw ya {ccwl` ao yjc [vleh{j kadvlehc{ }ja vlwyhks`lw`x {ylei

asy l{ l wc{s`y ao yjchw lilekci yckjeaàmx aw yjchw {ywaem vwc{cekc he yjc dlwncy%



21/64


9 [YHDS@LYHAE LEI HEJHGHYHEM OLKYAW[

]c ds{y ea} dac ae owad l ic{kwhvyhae ao yjc kswwcey {ylyc ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx dlwncy he[vlhe lei is`x lel`x{c yjc olkyaw{ yjly olkh`hylyc aw hejhghy yjc iccàvdcey ao yjh{ dlwncy%

Le lel`x{h{ ao yjc olkyaw{ klvlg`c ao heo`scekhem yjc ca`syhae ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx dlwncy

dlx vahey ya kcwylhe c`cdcey{ oaw icohehem va`hkhc{ lei hehyhlyhc{ yjly kle gaa{y HKY

{ckswhyx he [vlhe lei l`à} s{ ya gl{c maai {ckswhyx ae yjc iccàvdcey ao le

asy{yleihem HKY heis{ywx%

9%< Olkyaw{ yjly hejhghy HKY {ckswhyx

Yjcwc lwc kcwylhe olkyaw{ he yjc [vleh{j dlwncy yjly jheicw yjc iccàvdcey ao yjc HKY{ckswhyx {ckyaw, yjc da{y {hmehohkley ao }jhkj lwc ya gc oasei ae yjc icdlei {hic% Yjc

{kley vcwkcvyhae ao yjc wh{n{ hea`ci lei yjc wclkyhc lyyhysic{ ao s{cw{ va{c yjc mwclyc{y

kjl``cemc olkci gx yjc lmcey{ }awnhem he yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe%

9%


22/64


yjh{ `cli{ ya {ywlems`lyhae ao {svv`x lei l `lkn ao lvvwavwhlyc dlykjhem ao eckc{{hyhc{ lei

vwava{ci {a`syhae{%

9% yjcwc czh{y ayjcw{ {skj l{ vsg`hk vwakswcdcey,

{svvawy oaw W/I/H, kcwyhohklyhae, cyk%

9%7%< @cmh{`lyhae lei wcms`lyhae

@cmh{`lyhae kae{yhysyc{ l va}cwos` he{ywsdcey oaw kaeohmswhem icdlei lei, gx heywaiskhem l

`cml` ag`hmlyhae, aoo{cy{ {hyslyhae{ }jcwc yjcwc czh{y{ l `lkn ao l}lwcec{{ ae yjc vlwy ao

s{cw{% L maai czldv`c ao yjh{ }asì gc yjc [vleh{j Awmlehk @l} ae yjc Vwayckyhae ao

Vcw{ael` Ilyl, }jhkj `lx{ ia}e kaekwcyc ag`hmlyhae{ wcmlwihem yjc }lx he }jhkj lex

kadvlex aw ceyhyx ds{y mslwleycc yjc {ckswhyx ao ilyl yjly loocky l vcw{ae{ vwhlkx% Yjh{

`l} h{ lvv`hklg`c ya lex nhei ao kadvlex aw awmleh{lyhae, wcmlwi`c{{ ao hy{ {hrc%

Mhce hy{ hdvawylekc, yjh{ olkyaw }h`` gc lel`x{ci he mwclycw icylh` he Kjlvycw =, icihklyci

ya vsg`hk va`hkhc{%

9%7%7 [yhds`lyhem icdlei oaw HKY {ckswhyx

]hyjasy iasgy, yjc }clnc{y `hen he yjc [vleh{j dlwncy h{ icdlei% L{ }c jlc {ylyci

clw`hcw, yjc à} vcwkcvyhae ao wh{n lei s{cw{ wclkyhc lyyhysic k`clw`x kswg iccàvdcey he

yjh{ {ckyaw% ]jh`c lyycdvy{ lwc dlic ya acwkadc yjc{c olkyaw{ yjwasmj l}lwcec{{

kldvlhme{ lhdci ly s{cw{ *}jcyjcw yjcx gc jadc s{cw{, [DC{ aw `lwmc ceycwvwh{c{( oaw

yjc yhdc gchem, ly `cl{y, yjcx ia eay {ccd ya gc gclwhem yjc owshy{ czvckyci ao yjcd%

Daihoxhem jlghy{ ae yjc icdlei {hic h{ iccdci l ncx c`cdcey oaw ce{swhem yjc

kae{a`hilyhae ao l dlyswc {ckswhyx dlwncy%



23/64


l( Cisklyhae lei l}lwcec{{ }hyj wc{vcky ya HKY {ckswhyx

Jadc{ lei gs{hec{{c{ lwc aoyce sel}lwc ao yjchw HKY {ckswhyx ecci{, nea} eayjhem ao yjc

ccw$kjlemhem elyswc ao yjc yjwcly{ lei lwc eay cce {soohkhcey`x l}lwc ao yjchw `cml`

ag`hmlyhae{% He {skj l {kcelwha, yjcwc }asì {ccd ya gc l k`clw ecci oaw hekwcl{ci

hehyhlyhc{ ya cisklyc lei {vwcli yjc }awi he awicw ya oa{ycw l {ckswhyx ks`yswc, mhce yjc

`lkn ao l}lwcec{{ icdae{ywlyci gx dlex khyhrce{ lei l `lwmc vlwy ao [vleh{j kadvlehc{,

vlwyhks`lw`x yjc [DC{%

Yjc klvlkhyx ao yjc ec}{ dcihl oaw ih{{cdhelyhem yjc {ckswhyx ks`yswc lei dlnhem yjc

mcecwl` vsg`hk l}lwc ao HKY {ckswhyx h{{sc{ jl{ gcce vlycey`x icdae{ywlyci ae esdcwas{

akkl{hae{% He yjh{ {ce{c, }c ds{y jhmj`hmjy yjc maai }awn yjly {vckhl`h{ci vsg`hklyhae{

{skj l{ yjc [vleh{j dlmlrhec{ [HK, Wci [cmswhili, Lsihyawhl x [cmswhiliaw c[ckswhyxjlc gcce vcwoawdhem oaw dlex xclw{ ea}, aoocwhem whmawas{ heoawdlyhae yjly {cwc{ ya

heoawd, yclkj lei wlh{c l}lwcec{{ ldaem ohwd{ lei vsg`hk lidheh{ywlyhae{ wcmlwihem

ihoocwcey l{vcky{ ao HY {ckswhyx lei wc`lyci vwaisky{ lei {cwhkc{, yjs{ oa{ycwhem l `lwmcw,

xcy dawc kajc{hc HKY {ckswhyx heis{ywx he asw kaseywx%

Eaecyjc`c{{, hy ds{y l`{a gc vaheyci asy yjly, ae akkl{hae{, yjc dlhe{ywcld dcihl jl{

gcce msh`yx ao vsyyhem le l`lwdh{y {`ley ae ec}{, {adcyjhem }jhkj kasì kls{c wcyhkcekc

wcmlwihem yjc s{c ao yjc ec} yckjeaàmhc{% He awicw ya lcwy yjh{ wh{n, hy }asì gc

eckc{{lwx ya vwahic yjc{c dcihl }hyj {soohkhcey ilyl ya gc lg`c ya vsy lex ec} yjwcly{heya kaeyczy lei cisklyc yjc baswel`h{y{ ae HKY {ckswhyx dlyycw{%

Dawcacw, hy h{ c{{ceyhl` yjly le lvvwavwhlyc cehwaedcey h{ kwclyci, {a l{ ya `clc ea

waad oaw he{yhysyhae{ aw heihhisl`{ }ja lwc h``$heoawdci aw {hdv`x {ccnhem oldc yjwasmj yjc

ec}{ hycd{ yjly lwc vhknci sv gx yjc dcihl%

g( [ckswhyx Kcwyhohklyhae

Yjc lvvclwlekc ao heycwelyhael` {yleilwi{ lei kcwyhohklyhae {yldv{ vwahic{ kadvlehc{

}hyj l daic` oaw {ylwyhem sv HKY {ckswhyx hehyhlyhc{, vwadayhem l{ yjcx ia kaic{ ao maaivwlkyhkc lei olkh`hylyhem kadv`hlekc }hyj `cml` ag`hmlyhae{% Yamcyjcw }hyj yjc hdvlky ae yjc

|sl`hyx lei sehoawdhyx ao {ckswhyx va`hkhc{, dlex kadvlehc{ l`{a jhmj`x l`sc yjc va{hyhc

coocky ae yjchw hdlmc, }jhkj {ycd{ owad kadv`hlekc }hyj ws`c{ lei {yleilwi{% [yleilwi{

lei kcwyhohklyhae {yldv{ kae{yhysyc l gl{hk c`cdcey oaw kaawihelyhem yjc cooawy{ ao

he{yhysyhae{, gs{hec{{c{ lei jadc{%

Kcwyhohklyhae kasì oawd yjc gl{h{ ao le HKY {ckswhyx {ywlycmx ya oswyjcw iccàvdcey }hyjhe

yjc dlwncy% [yleilwi{ {skj l{ Kaddae Kwhycwhl aw yjc H[A |sl`hyx {yleilwi{ jlc

vwahici l va{hyhc gaa{y he yjc yl{n ao wlh{hem l}lwcec{{ lei {ylwyhem sv HKY {ckswhyxvwabcky{ he yjc gs{hec{{ }awì%

[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc 7; ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe


24/64


9%7%; Mwa}hem wh{n ao {ckswhyx yjwcly{

l( Vwaoc{{hael`h{lyhae ao yjc lyylkn{

Yjcwc jl{ gcce l dlwnci dac he wckcey xclw{ owad lyylkn{ gl{ci ae yjc s{c ao hws{c{,

Ywable{ lei }awd{ ya ayjcw{ owc|scey`x gl{ci ae kwhdhel` awmleh{lyhae{ dlnhem s{c ao

ecy}awn{ ao wcdayc`x kaeywa``ci *radghc( kadvsycw{ lei l dxwhli ao yckjeaàmhkl` yaa`{

yjcx kle kadghec ya {shy yjchw ecci{ ly lex mhce yhdc% Yjc lhd ao yjc lyylkncw jl{ daci

ae owad dcwc`x }h{jhem ya gckadc oldas{ lei h{ ea} k`clw`x ohelekhl`, wc{awyhem ya

czyawyhae, yjcoy lei c{vhaelmc% He {jawy, {ckswhyx lyylkn{ lwc ea} dskj dawc vwaoc{{hael`,

}hyj yjc oaks{ ea} ohwd`x ae wclvhem ohelekhl` gcecohy%

Yjh{ vwaoc{{hael`h{lyhae lei yjc dawc {cwhas{ elyswc ao yjc lyylkn{ kasì gc kae{hicwci

hdvawyley olkyaw{ oaw gaa{yhem HKY {ckswhyx iccàvdcey, he{aolw l{ yjcx ag`hmc yjc dlwncy

ya wclky }hyj hekwcl{hem`x kadv`cz ec} {cwhkc{ lei vwaisky{, }jhkj, he yswe, }h`` yjce gc

olkci }hyj ec}, dawc {avjh{yhklyci lyylkn{%

g( Vwayckyhae ao kwhyhkl` heowl{ywskyswc

Kwhyhkl` heowl{ywskyswc h{ ylnce ya wcocw ya yjly }jhkj h{ c{{ceyhl` oaw l kaseywx ya osekyhae

vwavcw`x, {skj l{ c`ckywhkl` va}cw, yc`ckaddsehklyhae{, osc` {svv`hc{, ywle{vawy {cwhkc{,

jcl`yj {cwhkc{, {ckswhyx, cyk% Le hekhicey he le HKY {x{ycd kasì vwaanc l kjlhe wclkyhae

he yjc kwhyhkl` heowl{ywskyswc ecy}awn, }jhkj, he yswe, kasì `cli ya l kadv`cyc {yavvlmc ao

vwaiskyhc lkyhhyx ly lex esdgcw ao awmleh{lyhae{% Mhce yjc czywcdc wh{n olkyaw, {vckhl`

cdvjl{h{ h{ v`lkci ae {ckswhyx ly {skj he{yl``lyhae{ lei, oaw yjh{ wcl{ae, yjh{ lwcl

kae{yhysyc{ le hdvawyley olkyaw }jce hy kadc{ ya gaa{yhem yjc HKY {ckswhyx dlwncy%

9%7%9 [svvawy oaw yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw

l( Ywlkyaw vwabcky{ vwadayci gx yjc lsyjawhyhc{

Vwabcky{ vwadayci gx yjc vsg`hk {ckyaw dlx jlc l ihwcky gclwhem ae yjc iccàvdcey aoyjc HKY {ckswhyx dlwncy% He yjh{ {ce{c, yjc Lidheh{ywlyhae jl{ {ylwyci sv cdg`cdlyhk

ywlkyaw vwabcky{ yjly {jasì jlc l wcl``x mwcly hdvlky ae yjc osyswc ao yjc {ckswhyx dlwncy%

Yjc{c ywlkyaw vwabcky{ vwahic kadvlehc{ aoocwhem HKY {ckswhyx {a`syhae{ }hyj v`leehem oaw

yjchw hec{ydcey{ he W/I/H, ylnhem heya isc lkkasey yjc dcihsd$ycwd ecci{ ao yja{c he

kjlwmc ao vsg`hk vwakswcdcey% Ldaem yjc hehyhlyhc{ heywaiskci he asw kaseywx, vwaglg`x

yjc da{y eayc}awyjx, mhce hy{ ceawdas{ vayceyhl`, h{ yjc c`ckywaehk HI klwi vwabcky% Mhce

hy{ hdvawylekc, yjh{ {yhds`lyhae olkyaw }h`` gc lel`x{ci he mwclycw icylh` he Kjlvycw =,

icihklyci ya vsg`hk va`hkhc{%

Gcxaei hy{ wa`c l{ `cmh{`lyaw lei wcms`lyaw, yjc vsg`hk {ckyaw h{ l dlbaw kae{sdcw ao HKY

{ckswhyx {a`syhae{, mhce yjly yjcx lwc c{{ceyhl` oaw vwahihem {cwhkc{ ya hy{ khyhrce{ *c%m%



25/64


jcl`yj, bs{yhkc aw cisklyhae( aw oaw kacwhem hy{ a}e ecci{ *icocekc, ylzc{, cyk(% [ckswhyx

{yh`` iac{ eay klwwx ceasmj }chmjy he da{y vsg`hk HKY vwabcky{ ya gc lg`c ya gwhem hy{

heo`scekc ya gclw, ya yjc icmwcc yjly hy {jasì, he yjc iccàvdcey ao yjc {ckyaw%

g( [svvawy oaw W/I/H lei ohelekhem {ylwy$sv HKY {ckswhyx kadvlehc{

HKY {ckswhyx ceylh`{ l jhmj icmwcc ao yckjehkl` kadv`czhyx lei yjc iccàvdcey ao ec}

vwaisky{ lei {a`syhae{ kl``{ oaw {hmehohkley W/I/H }awn {s{ylheci acw `cemyjx vcwhai{ ao

yhdc% L`` ao yjh{ wciasei{ he ihoohks`yhc{ he agylhehem ohelekhl` wc{aswkc{, mhce yjc

vcwkcvyhae ao wh{n jlwgaswci gx ohelekhl` lmcey{ ya}lwi{ l dlwncy yjly h{ eay xcy os``x

dlyswc lei }hyj mwa}hem icdlei, gsy }ja{c `hdhy{ lei va{{hgh`hyhc{ jlc eay xcy gcce

{soohkhcey`x }c`` icoheci% Hy h{ yjh{ {hyslyhae }jhkj dlnc{ hy eckc{{lwx ya l`sc {svvawy oaw

hec{ydcey he W/I/H l{ l jhmj`x {hmehohkley {yhds`lyhae olkyaw%

Yjh{ {svvawy {cwc{ l{ le hekceyhc oaw ec} kadvlehc{ ya mcy {ylwyci he yjh{ dlwncy lei,

l{ oaw yja{c l`wclix ohwd`x c{ylg`h{jci, yjcx kle agylhe l wcyswe ae yjc cooawy{ yjcx dlic

he yjc vl{y%



26/64


3 LEL@X[H[ AO YJC ICDLEI OAW HKY [CKSWHYX

Le lel`x{h{ ao yjc {hyslyhae wcmlwihem icdlei }jcwc yjc gcjlhasw ao yjc lkyaw{ h{ eayly l`` sehoawd h{ l oseildceyl` c`cdcey he yjc {ywsmm`c ya gaa{y yjc HKY {ckswhyx dlwncy

he asw kaseywx%

Yjc dlbaw kawvawlyhae{, yjc Vsg`hk Lidheh{ywlyhae{ lei kcwylhe ckaeadhk {ckyaw{ {skj l{

yjc ohelekhl` {cwhkc{, oaw }jad heoawdlyhae {x{ycd{ lei yjc s{c ao HKY vwac kwhyhkl`,

jlc, he mcecwl`, wclkjci l {hmehohkley icmwcc ao l}lwcec{{ wcmlwihem yjc hdvawylekc ao

HKY {ckswhyx lei jlc icihklyci yjc wc{aswkc{ eckc{{lwx ya vwccey va{{hg`c vwag`cd{

lei ya ce{swc yjc kaeyheshyx ao yjchw lkyhhyhc{, yjlen{ ya yjc llh`lgh`hyx ao HKY {a`syhae{%

He liihyhae, yjcwc czh{y{ leayjcw jhmj`x lwhci {cmdcey, dlic sv ao `lwmc lei dcihsd$

{hrci kadvlehc{ lei awmleh{lyhae{ he }jhkj HKY {ckswhyx h{ `c{{ kwhyhkl`, kadvlehc{ lei

awmleh{lyhae{ ao l {adc}jly {dl``cw {hrc, vwaoc{{hael`{ lei jadc s{cw{% Yjh{ {cmdcey

vwc{cey{ l `cc` ao icdlei dskj à}cw lei se{ylg`c, jhmj`x wclkyhc ya kaekwcyc

vwag`cd{%

Ae yjc gl{h{ ao yjh{ wcl`hyx, le lel`x{h{ ao yjc icdlei h{ seicwylnce gx {v`hyyhem hy heya

yjwcc ihoocwcey {cmdcey{ jadc{ s{cw{, [DC{ lei `lwmc kadvlehc{%

3%< Icdlei oaw HKY {ckswhyx he yjc jadcYjc lel`x{h{ ao yjc icdlei oaw HKY {ckswhyx he yjc jadc h{ gl{ci ae yjc [ysix ae HYK

[ckswhyx lei c$Yws{y he [vleh{j Jas{cjaì{ klwwhci asy gx HEYCKA, }jhkj h{ ea} heya

hy{ oaswyj }lc% Yjc dcyjaiaàmx cdvàxci kadghec{ agbckyhc dcl{swc{ ao hekhicey{

lei c|shvdcey }hyj {sgbckyhc dcl{swc{ ao vcwkcvyhae ao {ckswhyx lei yws{y ae yjc ]cg% He

awicw ya vwcvlwc yjh{ wcvawy, HEYCKA wc`hc{ ae l vlec` ao acw ;,666 jas{cjaì{

kaeeckyci ya yjc Heycwecy, owad }jhkj hy czywlky{ heoawdlyhae ae lkysl` {ckswhyx gx }lx ao

{vckhl` {aoy}lwc yjly lel`x{c{ {ckswhyx hekhicey{% Hy l`{a lel`x{c{ yjc vcwkcvyhae lei `cc`

ao yws{y ao yjc s{cw{ gx klwwxhem asy vcw{ael` {swcx{% Yjc kadghelyhae ao gayj ilyl

{aswkc{ vwahic{ s{ }hyj nea}`cimc ao yjc ihoocwcekc{ yjly czh{y gcy}cce yjc vcwkcvyhaeao {ckswhyx lei yjc lkysl` {hyslyhae he yjc jas{cjaì{ gchem lel`x{ci%

3%


27/64


[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc 7= ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe

Lkyhc{ckswhyx kacw{ l`` yja{c dcl{swc{ yjly wc|shwc ihwcky, dlesl` heycwceyhae ae yjc

s{cw{ vlwy% Ldaem {skj dcl{swc{ lwc iaksdcey cekwxvyhae, vl{{}awi{, glknsv kavhc{

ao yjc gaay ih{n lei hdvawyley iaksdcey{, c`hdhelyhae ao ycdvawlwx oh`c{ lei vlwyhyhaehemyjc jlwi ih{n%

Yjc oa``a}hem mwlvj icvhky{ yjc icmwcc ao s{c ick`lwci gx yjc s{cw{ oaw gayj yxvc{ ao

dcl{swc{ lei yjchw ca`syhae acw yjc oasw }lc{ ao ilyl kadvh`ci gx HEYCKA yjwasmjasy

766=%

Mwlvj ;2 [ckswhyx dcl{swc{ liavyci he [vleh{j jas{cja`i{

6 %9

=%8

? %8


28/64


[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc 7: ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe

Hy h{ yjc vl{{hc {ckswhyx dcl{swc{ yjly jlc lkjhcci yjc mwclyc{y vcecywlyhae he [vleh{j

jas{cjaì{, da{y eayc}awyjx gchem yjc vwlkyhkl``x sehcw{l` liavyhae ao leyhhws{

vwamwld{% Ldaem yjc lkyhc {ckswhyx dcl{swc{, yjc s{c ao vl{{}awi{ {ylei{ asy lei h{ea} kaddae vwlkyhkc he jlò ao l`` jas{cjaì{% Yjc kaek`s{hae yjly kle gc iwl}e,

yjcwcoawc, h{ yjly jadc s{cw{ ceyws{y yjchw HKY {ckswhyx ya yjc {ckswhyx yaa`{ he{yl``ci ae

yjchw kadvsycw c|shvdcey lei vlx `c{{ lyyceyhae ya yjchw jlghy{ }jce dlnhem s{c ao yjc

ec} yckjeaàmhc{%

3%


29/64



}ja ick`lwc


30/64


[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc ;6 ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe

L{ wcmlwi{ yjc ca`syhae ao yjc vwc{cekc ao dl`}lwc gx klycmawhc{ ae yjc {kleeci

kadvsycw{, he mcecwl`, yjcwc h{ kae{h{ycekx he yjc ilyl lei yjc yxvc{ ao dl`}lwc da{y

owc|scey`x oasei ae yjc kadvsycw{, yjc da{y eayc}awyjx gchem Ywable{ lei licwy$wc`lyci{aoy}lwc *li}lwc(%

Mwlvj ?2 Ca`syhae ao yjc vwc{cekc ao dl`}lwc gx klycmawhc{ *# ao yayl` ea% ao {kleeci

kadvsycw{(

9=% ws`c{ yjly c{ylg`h{j ag`hmlyhae{ ae {ckswhyx dlyycw{> ws`c{ yjly

vwahic `cml` {locmslwi{ he yjc vwah{hae ao {cwhkc{ wc`lyci ya HKY {ckswhyx> lei ws`c{ yjly

c{ylg`h{j {ckswhyx ag`hmlyhae{ {vckhohkl``x oaw yjc vsg`hk lidheh{ywlyhae{%

Dawcacw, }c ds{y {ywc{{ yjc hdvawylekc jcì he yjc wcms`lyawx ohcì gx {yleilwi{ lei

kcwyhohklyhae, lkyhem l{ yjcx ia l{ coohkhcey dckjleh{d{ oaw vwadayhem maai vwlkyhkc{% [cò$

wcms`lyhae yjwasmj s{cw lmwccdcey{ l`{a v`lx{ le hdvawyley wa`c he ih{{cdhelyhem lei

oswyjcwhem maai HKY {ckswhyx vwlkyhkc{%

79Vlxdcey Klwi Heis{ywx%


45/64


Yjh{ }ja`c wcms`lyawx {ckswhyx {ywskyswc kae{yhysyc{ le hdvawyley lilekc he yjc vwakc{{

ao mshihem kadvlehc{ lei he{yhysyhae{ l`aem yjc ihoohks`y wali ya}lwi{ le lic|slyc

hdv`cdceylyhae ao HKY {ckswhyx va`hkhc{%

=%


46/64


Yjc gwali {}ccv ao yjh{ Vcw{ael` Ilyl Vwayckyhae Lky jl{ vwahici l ywcdceias{

hdvcys{ oaw yjc dlwncy aoocwhem {ckswhyx {a`syhae{% Yjh{ jl{ loockyci dlex ihoocwcey

c`cdcey{ ao yjc l`sc kjlhe, c%m% jlwi}lwc c|shvdcey lei {x{ycd{ dlesolkyswcw{, yjciccàvdcey ao kadvsycw lvv`hklyhae{, {x{ycd{ heycmwlyhae, {svvawy lei dlheycelekc

{cwhkc{, kae{s`ylekx lei yjc hdv`cdceylyhae ao vwakciswc{ aw {ckswhyx lsihyhem {cwhkc{%

C`ckywaehk heahkc

He yjh{ {ldc lwcl, }c {jasì dceyhae yjc `cml` vwah{hae{ wc`lyci ya yjc heywaiskyhae ao yjc

c`ckywaehk heahkc oaw kadvlehc{ aw vwaoc{{hael`{% L`yjasmj yjc s{c ao yjc c`ckywaehk

heahkc he yjc wc`lyhae{ gcy}cce vwhlyc vlwyhc{ h{ a`seylwx, yja{c }ja ickhic ya dlnc s{c

ao hy ds{y mslwleycc gl{hk l{vcky{ wc`lyci ya yjc {ckswhyx ao yjc {ldc, {skj l{ yjc

lsyjceyhkhyx ao yjc {aswkc lei yjc heycmwhyx ao hy{ kaeycey{, gx dcle{ ao le c`ckywaehk{hmelyswc aw yjc osòh`dcey ao {ckswhyx lei lkkc{{hgh`hyx wc|shwcdcey{ yjly icl` }hyj yjc

kae{cwlyhae ao yjc c`ckywaehk heahkc{% Yjc czkjlemc ao c`ckywaehk heahkc{ }hyj yjc

Lidheh{ywlyhae h{ {sgbcky ya liihyhael` {ckswhyx wc|shwcdcey{% Yjh{ h{ yjcwcoawc leayjcw

}hic`x lvv`hklg`c wcms`lyawx owldc}awn }jhkj loocky{ l`` yja{c }ja h{{sc aw wckchc

heahkc{%

@l} ae Dcl{swc{ ya Vwadayc yjc Heoawdlyhae [akhcyx

Vlwyhks`lw`x }awyjx ao dceyhae, mhce hy{ hdvawylekc, h{ yjc @l} ae Dcl{swc{ ya Vwadaycyjc Heoawdlyhae [akhcyx% Yjc `l} ag`hmlyc{ l`` kadvlehc{ }jhkj vwahic yjc mcecwl` vsg`hk

}hyj vlwyhks`lw`x {hmehohkley ckaeadhk {cwhkc{ ya olkh`hylyc yjchw s{cw{ l yc`cdlyhk

kaddsehklyhae kjleec`, {a yjly yjcx dlx vcwoawd lex ao yjc ihoocwcey vwakciswc{ yjcx

dlx wc|shwc2 ae`hec kaeywlkyhem ao {cwhkc{, {svv`hc{ lei maai{> kae{s`ylyhae ao yjchw

ks{yadcw icylh`{> yjc vwc{ceylyhae ao kadv`lhey{, hekhicey{, {smmc{yhae{ lei, }jcwc

lvvwavwhlyc, k`lhd{> lei czcwkh{c yjchw whmjy{ ao lkkc{{, wckyhohklyhae, avva{hyhae lei

klekc``lyhae, he nccvhem }hyj yjc vwah{hae{ ao yjc wcms`lyawx ihkylyc{ ae yjc vwayckyhae ao

vcw{ael` ilyl% Ya yjh{ cei, hy hdva{c{ ae yjc{c kadvlehc{ yjc ag`hmlyhae ya mslwleycc

{ckswhyx yjwasmj yjc s{c ao is`x wckameh{ci c`ckywaehk {hmelyswc kcwyhohklyc{%

Yjc @l} ae Dcl{swc{ ya Vwadayc yjc Heoawdlyhae [akhcyx `hnc}h{c dlnc{ hy ag`hmlyawx ya

cdvàx c`ckywaehk heahkhem }hyjhe yjc kaeyczy ao kaeywlky{ }hyj yjc {ylyc vsg`hk {ckyaw% Oaw

yjh{ vswva{c, yjc c`ckywaehk heahkc }h`` gc le c`ckywaehk iaksdcey }jhkj osòh`{ yjc

icdlei{ wc|shwci ao heahkc{ lei }jhkj, he liihyhae, mslwleycc{ yjc lsyjceyhkhyx ao hy{

{aswkc{ lei yjc heycmwhyx ao hy{ kaeycey{, yjs{ vwcceyhem yjc h{{scw owad ih{a}ehem yjc

heahkc% He liihyhae, hy h{ ceh{lmci yjly yjc c`ckywaehk heahkc }h`` gc s{ci he ayjcw

kaddsehklyhae{ gcy}cce khyhrce{ lei yjc Lidheh{ywlyhae, {skj l{ vwahem c`hmhgh`hyx oaw

{ylyc gcecohy{ lei {sg{hihc{%

[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc 9? ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe


47/64


Yjh{ `l} jl{ l`{a heywaiskci ag`hmlyhae{ wc`lyhem ya heoawdlyhae ae {ckswhyx% Hy ag`hmlyc{

Heycwecy {cwhkc vwahicw{ *H[V{( ya heoawd yjchw k`hcey{ owcc ao kjlwmc lei he le aemahem,

ihwcky, {ywlhmjyoaw}lwi dleecw lgasy yjc ihoocwcey yckjehkl` dcle{ llh`lg`c oawhekwcl{hem yjc `cc`{ ao heoawdlyhae {ckswhyx he awicw ya lkjhcc vwayckyhae lmlhe{y

kadvsycw hws{c{ lei {vx}lwc lei wc{ywhky yjc ceywx ao se{a`hkhyci cdlh`{ *{vld(% Yjcx

ds{y l`{a heoawd yjchw k`hcey{ lgasy yjc yaa`{ }jhkj czh{y oaw oh`ycwhem lei wc{ywhkyhem lkkc{{

ya kcwylhe seic{hwlg`c Heycwecy kaeycey{ lei {cwhkc{, aw yja{c yjly kas`i vwac jlwdos` oaw

xasem{ycw{ aw xasem kjh`iwce% S{cw{ ds{y `hnc}h{c gc }lweci lgasy va{{hg`c `cml`

`hlgh`hyhc{ yjcx dlx heksw owad s{hem yjc Heycwecy oaw h``hkhy vswva{c{, he vlwyhks`lw oaw

kaddhyyhem kwhdhel` aoocekc{ aw oaw ha`lyhem `cmh{`lyhae wc`lyhem ya heyc``ckysl` lei heis{ywhl`

vwavcwyx%

=%


48/64


=%


49/64


Yjc liavyhae ao {ckswc HKY {a`syhae{ gx yjc Lidheh{ywlyhae l`{a jc`v{ ya ga`{ycw yjc

kaeohicekc ao khyhrce{ lei yjc vwhlyc {ckyaw he yjc{c yckjeaàmhc{ lei jl{ l va}cwos`

ywlkyaw coocky, cekaswlmhem kadvlehc{ lei khyhrce{ ya dlnc s{c ao yjcd he yjchw wc`lyhae{}hyj yjc Lidheh{ywlyhae% Eaecyjc`c{{, yjc liavyhae ao HKY {ckswhyx h{ eay wco`ckyci he yjc

vcwhaihkl` wcvawy{ ae yjc s{c ao yjc Heoawdlyhae lei Kaddsehklyhae Yckjeaàmhc{ iwloyci

gx yjc Lidheh{ywlyhae, }jhkj {ccwc`x jheicw{ yjc yl{n ao daehyawhem yjc cooawy{ dlic

ya}lwi{ lk|shwhem dawc {ckswc yckjeaàmhc{% L{ le czldv`c, }c kasì dceyhae yjc

WCHEL lei HWHL wcvawy{, }jhkj aoocw l kadvwcjce{hc wchc} ao yjc {hyslyhae h{$$h{ HKY

he yjc [ylyc Lidheh{ywlyhae, xcy glwc`x wcocw ya {ckswhyx |sc{yhae{%

Da{y eayc}awyjx }hyjhe yjh{ lwcl, lvlwy owad yjc kae{sdvyhae ao HKY {ckswhyx {a`syhae{

{vckhohkl``x ic{hmeci oaw yjc icocekc {ckyaw, lwc kcwylhe cdg`cdlyhk vwabcky{ hea`hem

{ckswhyx {a`syhae{, {skj l{ yja{c iccàvci oaw yjc jcl`yj lei bs{yhkc {ckyaw{ aw oaw yjc

Ylz Lidheh{ywlyhae%

Jcl`yj

Yjc lwhas{ vsg`hk lidheh{ywlyhae{ lwc l`` iccàvhem vwabcky{ oaw hdv`cdceyhem HKY he yjc

jcl`yj {ckyaw% Ldaem {skj vwabcky{, }c kasì khyc yjc heywaiskyhae ao c`ckywaehk jcl`yj

klwi{, ae`hec dcihkl` lvvaheydcey{, c`ckywaehk dcihkl` jh{yawhc{ lei yjc iccàvdcey ao

c`ckywaehk vwc{kwhvyhae {x{ycd{% Lex ao yjc{c vwabcky{, vlwyhks`lw`x yjc `l{y y}a, wc|shwc

dlbaw hec{ydcey lei kl`` oaw czywcdc`x jhmj {ckswhyx c`cdcey{, mhce yjc icdlei{ oawdlzhdsd kaeohiceyhl`hyx he yjc vwakc{{hem, lkkc{{ lei {yawlmc ao yjc dcihkl` lei jcl`yj

icylh`{ ao heihhisl`{ mwleyci yjc dlzhdsd `cc` ao vwayckyhae seicw yjc Ilyl Vwayckyhae

Lky% Yjc{c dlbaw vwabcky{ loocky yjc }ja`c l`sc kjlhe ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx dlwncy, owad yjc

c|shvdcey lei {x{ycd{ yjly {yawc vlyhcey ilyl, yjwasmj yjc vwayckyhae ao yjc

kaddsehklyhae{ {x{ycd{, ya lkkc{{ kaeywa` yjwasmj yjc s{c ao c`ckywaehk {hmelyswc

{x{ycd{ lei yjc iccàvdcey lei hdv`cdceylyhae ao lvvwavwhlyc vwakciswc{ lei

kcwyhohklyhae lei {ckswhyx kaeywa` {cwhkc{%

Bs{yhkc

He yjc {ldc dleecw, oaw yjh{ lwcl }c kasì dceyhae yjc bs{yhkc {x{ycd daicweh{lyhae

vwamwlddc{ lei yjc hdv`cdceylyhae ao yjc c$Lidheh{ywlyhae he yjh{ lwcl }jcwc yjc

seicw`xhem vwag`cd{ lwc {hdh`lw ya yja{c asy`heci oaw vwabcky{ he yjc jcl`yj {ckyaw, l{

wcmlwi{ yjc |sc{yhae ao ilyl vwayckyhae%

Ylz Lsyjawhyhc{

Ohel``x, }c kleeay olh` ya dceyhae yjc czldv`c ao yjc lidheh{ywlyhae {cwhkc{ ao yjc Ylz

Lsyjawhyhc{, vhaeccw{ he [vlhe he yjc s{c ao yjc c`ckywaehk {hmelyswc }jce khyhrce{ leikadvlehc{ jlc ya kaddsehklyc }hyj yjc Lidheh{ywlyhae lei he yjc iccàvdcey ao c$



50/64



Lidheh{ywlyhae {cwhkc{ oaw {skj {ce{hyhc |sc{yhae{ l{ yjc vlxdcey ao ylzc{ lei yjc

osòh`dcey ao oh{kl` ag`hmlyhae{%

=%; Cdg`cdlyhk ywlkyaw vwabcky{2 cIEH

He awicw oaw yjc HKY {ckswhyx {x{ycd{ lei {cwhkc{ ya gc lg`c ya wcl``x ylnc aoo lei gckadc

yws`x }hic{vwcli yjwasmjasy {akhcyx lei yjc [vleh{j gs{hec{{ }awì, hy h{ hyl` ya gc lg`c

ya kasey ae ywlkyaw vwabcky{ }hyj mwcly vs``hem va}cw, }jhkj kle olkh`hylyc heycwavcwlgh`hyx

lei aoocw l wckameh{lg`c owldc}awn yjly kle mcecwlyc yws{y ldaem s{cw{%

]hyjhe {skj vwabcky{, l cwx {vckhl` dceyhae ds{y gc dlic ao yjc kwclyhae ao yjc

c`ckywaehk HI klwi *cIEH(, }jhkj l`à}{ oaw yjc hdv`cdceylyhae ao ec}, cejlekci {cwhkc{

}hyj le lic|slyc `cc` ao {ckswhyx, gl{ci ae yjc oldh`hlwhyx }hyj l iaksdcey l`wclix }c``$

nea}e ya yjc mcecwl` vsg`hk%

Yjc mal` ao yjc cIEH h{ ya olkh`hylyc yjc hekawvawlyhae ao khyhrce{ heya yjc Heoawdlyhae

[akhcyx, vwahihem yjcd }hyj l yws{y}awyjx hiceyhyx ae yjc Heycwecy% Hy h{ l`{a ic{hmeci ya

gaa{y yjc iccàvdcey ao lidheh{ywlyhc lei kaddcwkhl` wc`lyhae{ lei, yjhwi`x, ya dlnc hy

yws`x va{{hg`c oaw yjc whmjy ya l `cml` vcw{ael`hyx ya gc wckameh{ci ae yjc ]cg, l{

vwak`lhdci he Lwyhk`c ? ao yjc Sehcw{l` Ick`lwlyhae ao Jsdle Whmjy{2 Ccwxaec jl{ yjc

whmjy ya wckamehyhae ccwx}jcwc l{ l vcw{ae gcoawc yjc `l}73% Yjc c`ckywaehk HI klwi

kae{yhysyc{ l sehcw{l` hiceyhohklyhae lei {hmelyswc c`cdcey he yjc c`ckywaehk }awì, aoocw{ l

`cml` mslwleycc lei vwlkyhkl``x yjc }ja`c vavs`lyhae h{ lkks{yadci ya s{hem hy%

Owad l `cml` {yleivahey, yjc C`ckywaehk [hmelyswc Lky icycwdhec{ yjly yjc cIEH h{ yjc

elyhael` hiceyhyx iaksdcey yjly c`ckywaehkl``x lkkwcihy{ yjc vcw{ael` hiceyhyx ao hy{ jaìcw

lei vcwdhy{ iaksdcey{ ya gc {hmeci c`ckywaehkl``x% L`` elyswl` aw `cml` vcw{ae{, vsg`hk aw

vwhlyc, }h`` wckameh{c yjc coockyhcec{{ ao yjc c`ckywaehk elyhael` hiceyhyx iaksdcey oaw

lkkwcihyhem yjc hiceyhyx lei ayjcw vcw{ael` ilyl ao yjc jaìcw {yawci yjcwcae lei oaw

lkkwcihyhem yjc hiceyhyx ao yjc {hmelyawx lei yjc heycmwhyx ao yjc iaksdcey{ {hmeci }hyj yjc

heycmwlyci c`ckywaehk {hmelyswc ichkc{% Yjh{ he{ywsdcey vwac{ cwx coockyhc oaw gwhemhem

HKY {ckswhyx kà{cw ya [vleh{j khyhrce{ lei, he liihyhae, vwahic{ l {shylg`c {ywskyswc svae}jhkj ya iccàv ec} {ckswhyx {cwhkc{ }hyjhe [vleh{j heis{ywx%

Yjc vwabcky ya iccàv lei hdv`cdcey yjc cIEH h{ lkkadvlehci gx yjc kadv`cdceylwx

c`ckywaehk HI klwi Vwamwlddc }hyjhe V`le LlerF, }jhkj ceylh`{ klwwxhem asy lkyhhyhc{

lhdci ly ih{{cdhelyhem, ywlhehem, iccàvhem lilvyci ihmhyl` {cwhkc{, icvàxhem

heowl{ywskyswc lei vwahihem c|shvdcey {a l{ ya ce{swc yjc {skkc{{os` wa`àsy ao yjc

c`ckywaehk HI klwi%

73 [ekjcr, K% *766?( Yjc Ncx ya [ckswhyx, H_ Kcwc{ Kaeocwcekc% \sayhem _kyaw Mlwkl, ihwckyaw mcecwl` ao yjc Va`hkc%


51/64


[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc 3< ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe

=%9 Vwadayhae, l}lwcec{{, ih{{cdhelyhae lei ywlhehem lkyhhyhc{

[ckswhyx jl{ gckadc le hekwcl{hem`x hdvawyley |sc{yhae oaw Heycwecy s{cw{% Yjc

iccàvdcey ao yjc Heoawdlyhae [akhcyx lei yjc vwamwc{{hc s{c ao HKY vwaisky{ lei{cwhkc{ }h`` ae`x vwac va{{hg`c ho l {shylg`c k`hdlyc ao kaeohicekc h{ kwclyci%

He yjh{ {ce{c, yjc Lidheh{ywlyhae v`lx{ le hdvawyley wa`c he vwadayhem lei wlh{hem

l}lwcec{{ }hyjhe yjc HKY {ckyaw he mcecwl`, lei yjc HKY {ckswhyx lwcl he vlwyhks`lw% Oaw

he{ylekc, }c kasì dceyhae yjc {svvawy vwamwlddc{ oaw W/I/H aw ih{{cdhelyhae,

l}lwcec{{ lei ywlhehem vwamwlddc{ oaw kcwylhe l{vcky{ ao HKY {ckswhyx%

]hyjhe yjc ohcì ao lkyhhyhc{ ic{hmeci ya vwadayc lei mcecwlyc c$yws{y, V`le LlerF jl{

hek`sici le heoawdlyhae {ckswhyx vwamwlddc% Yjh{ vwamwlddc ceh{lmc{ ih{{cdhelyhae

lkyhae{, dlelmcdcey ao l`cwy{, {ckswhyx kae{s`ylekx, iccàvhem ihmhyl` {cwhkc{ lilvyci

ya yjc s{c ao yjc c`ckywaehk HI klwi lei iwloyhem {ysihc{ yjly jc`v ya {vwcli yjc }awi lgasy

HKY {ckswhyx7?% Yjc vwhekhvl` kaekwcyc lkyhae{ ceh{lmci seicw yjc ycwd{ ao V`le LlerF

lwc icylh`ci gcà}%

Kceywa Elkhael` Wc{vsc{yl l Hekhiceyc{ ce Yckeaàml{ ic `l Heoawdlkhe vlwl

vxdc{ x Khsililea{ $HEYCKA$KCWY$ *Elyhael` Wc{vae{c Kceywc oaw Heoawdlyhae

Yckjeaàmx Hekhicey{ oaw [DC{ lei Khyhrce{(

HEYCKA$KCWY, }jhkj {ylwyci asy he 766?, {cwc{ ya {svvawy yjc iccàvdcey ao yjcelyhael` heis{ywhl` olgwhk lei gaa{y yjc kaeohicekc ao s{cw{ he yjc Heycwecy lei HKY,

yjwasmj yjc vwah{hae ao yjc k`l{{hk {cwhkc{ ao le Hekhicey Wc{vae{c Kceywc% Yjs{, hy

aoocw{ wclkyhc {a`syhae{ ya kadvsycw hekhicey{ lei vwcceyhae {cwhkc{ he yjc olkc ao

va{{hg`c yjwcly{, l{ }c`` l{ heoawdlyhae, l}lwcec{{ lei ywlhehem {cwhkc{ ae {ckswhyx

h{{sc{ oaw [vleh{j [DC{ lei vwhlyc khyhrce{% Yjwasmjasy yjc vwakc{{ ao icohehem lei

kwclyhem yjc HEYCKA$KCWY, yjc mshic`hec{ vwava{ci gx CEH[L *Cswavcle Ecy}awn lei

Heoawdlyhae [ckswhyx Lmcekx( }cwc {ywhky`x oa`à}ci%

Yjc wc{vae{c kceywc yjcwcoawc lwa{c l{ l vsg`hk hehyhlyhc }hyj yjc oa`à}hem agbckyhc{2

C{ylg`h{j vwcceyhae lei wclkyhae dckjleh{d{ he yjc olkc ao heoawdlyhae {ckswhyx

hekhicey{%

Vwahic k`clw, kaekh{c heoawdlyhae ae {ckswhyx yckjeaàmhc{ he awicw ya cejlekc

kadvwcjce{hae lei czycei s{c ao yjc {ldc% Olkh`hylyc lkkc{{ ya mshic{ ae maai

vwlkyhkc{, wckaddceilyhae{ lei vwcklsyhae{ ya gc ylnce heya lkkasey he awicw ya

cejlekc {ckswhyx%

7? [ckwcylwx ao [ylyc oaw Yc`ckaddsehklyhae{ lei yjc Heoawdlyhae [akhcyx *7663(, V`le 766?$76


52/64


Kaehekc [DC{ lei khyhrce{ ao yjc hdvawylekc ao kae{hicwhem lei lic|slyc`x

ylkn`hem l`` l{vcky{ wc`lyci ya kadvsycw lei kaddsehklyhae ecy}awn {ckswhyx%

Lky l{ l `hlh{ae gcy}cce yjc ecci{ ao [DC{ lei khyhrce{ lei yjc {a`syhae{ ae aoocw

owad ohwd{ }hyjhe yjc Heoawdlyhae Yckjeaàmx {ckswhyx {ckyaw%

Yjh{ kceywc kadv`cdcey{ ayjcw vsg`hk KCWY he [vlhe, {skj l{ yjc KCWY ly yjc Elyhael`

Kwxvyaàmx Kceywc *KKE$KCWY( lei yjc HWH[$KCWY *l kceywc dlheylheci gx Wcihwh{$

Wci%c{ lhdci vwhdlwh`x ly yjc {khceyhohk kaddsehyx(%

Ag{cwlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe *Heoawdlyhae [ckswhyx Ag{cwlyawx(

Yjc Heoawdlyhae [ckswhyx Ag{cwlyawx jl{ yjc dh{{hae ao ic{kwhghem he l icylh`ci,{x{ycdlyhk dleecw yjc `cc` ao {ckswhyx lei yws{y he yjc Heoawdlyhae [akhcyx he jadc{,

gs{hec{{c{ lei Lidheh{ywlyhae, l{ }c`` l{ vwaiskhem heoawdlyhc, {vckhl`h{ci nea}`cimc

ao yjh{ lwcl, yjs{ osòh``hem aec ao yjc agbckyhc{ {cy oawyj oaw HEYCKA }hyjhe yjc owldc}awn

ao V`le LlerF%

He yjh{ dleecw, yjc Heoawdlyhae [ckswhyx Ag{cwlyawx jl{ gckadc c{ylg`h{jci l{ yjc

kceywc ao wcocwcekc oaw lel`x{hem lei daehyawhem heoawdlyhae {ckswhyx lei yjc HKY, l{ }c``

l{ yws{y he yjc Heoawdlyhae [akhcyx he [vlhe%

Ya yjh{ cei, hy seicwylnc{ wc{clwkj, lel`x{h{, {ysix, kae{s`ylyhae lei heoawdlyhc }awn}hyj l hc} ya ic{kwhghem, lel`x{hem, lih{hem ae lei ih{{cdhelyhem yjc ks`yswc ao

Heoawdlyhae [ckswhyx lei c$yws{y }hyjhe yjh{ Heoawdlyhae [akhcyx%

He awicw ya kadv`cyc hy{ y}aoaì dh{{hae ao l{{c{{hem lei ihlmea{hem, }jh`c {vwclihem yjc

hicl ao l ks`yswc ao heoawdlyhae {ckswhyx ldaem khyhrce{, kadvlehc{ lei lidheh{ywlyhae{,

yjc Ag{cwlyawx jl{ iwl}e sv l [ysix lei Lkyhhyhc{ V`le, }hyjhe }jhkj lkyhae{ lwc ylnce

ya osòh` yjc oa`à}hem {ywlycmhc{, ldaem ayjcw{2

Iwloy he$jas{c {ysihc{ lei wcvawy{ ae Heoawdlyhae lei Kaddsehklyhae Yckjeaàmx{ckswhyx h{{sc{, v`lkhem {vckhl` cdvjl{h{ ae {ckswhyx ae yjc Heycwecy%

Daehyaw yjc vwhekhvl` heihklyaw{ lei vsg`hk va`hkhc{ wc`lyci ya heoawdlyhae {ckswhyx

lei yws{y ae gayj yjc elyhael` lei heycwelyhael` {ylmc%

Mcecwlyc l ilylgl{c yjly l`à}{ oaw le aemahem lel`x{h{ lei cl`slyhae ao {ckswhyx

lei yws{y acw yhdc%

Oa{ycw hekwcl{ci wc{clwkj vwabcky{ ae HKY {ckswhyx h{{sc{%



53/64


Ih{{cdhelyc {ysihc{ lei wcvawy{ vsg`h{jci gx ayjcw ceyhyhc{ lei lmcekhc{, gayj

elyhael` lei heycwelyhael`, l{ }c`` l{ heoawdlyhae ae yjc kswwcey iadc{yhk lei

Cswavcle {ylyc ao {ckswhyx lei yws{y }hyjhe yjc Heoawdlyhae [akhcyx%

[svvawy yjc vwcvlwlyhae, daehyawhem lei cl`slyhae ao vsg`hk va`hkhc{ he yjh{ lwcl%

Yjc kwclyhae ao yjc Ag{cwlyawx wco`cky{ yjc mwa}hem hdvawylekc yjly ds{y gc looawici ya

ihlmea{hem lei dcl{swhem vwamwc{{% Yjh{ }awn celg`c{ yjc vsg`hk {ckyaw ya ic{hme

{shylg`c vsg`hk va`hkhc{, gayj wclkyhc lei vwcceyhc, l{ }c`` l{ daehyaw yjc lkyhae{

seicwylnce lei cl`slyc yjchw hdvlky, yjs{ gchem he l va{hyhae ya kaeyhesas{`x l{{c{{ lei

hdvwac yjc {cwhkc{ vwahici he {skj l ol{y$kjlemhem {ckyaw l{ yjly ao yjc ec}

yckjeaàmhc{% Ly yjc {ldc yhdc, hy celg`c{ yjc vwhlyc {ckyaw ya lilvy hy{ aoocw ya dccy yjc

ecci{ lei ehkjc dlwncy{ hiceyhohci%

Kceywa Icda{ywliaw ic Yckeaàml{ ic [cmswhili *[ckswhyx Yckjeaàmx

Icdae{ywlyhae Kceywc(

Gawe asy ao yjc ic{hwc ya oa{ycw lei oswyjcw yjc s{c ao heoawdlyhae {ckswhyx yckjeaàmhc{

ldaem [vleh{j [DC{, }jhkj wcvwc{cey acw 86# ao yjc iadc{yhk gs{hec{{ {ckyaw% Yjh{

}awn lhd{ ya lkjhcc yjwcc agbckyhc{2

Lel`x{h{ ao yjc {ckswhyx {hyslyhae lei icdlei }hyjhe [vleh{j [DC{%

Lel`x{h{ ao yjc {a`syhae{ ae aoocw he yjc dlwncyv`lkc%

Wlh{hem l}lwcec{{ ao yjc ecci ya hdv`cdcey {ckswc }awnhem cehwaedcey{ }hyjhe

[DC{%

He liihyhae, yjc Icdae{ywlyhae Kceywc }h{jc{ ya ma ae ya gckadc l {ja}kl{c oaw gaa{yhem

yjc Heoawdlyhae lei Kaddsehklyhae Yckjeaàmx *HKY( [ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe% Ya yjh{

cei, yjc Icdae{ywlyhae Kceywc h{ {cy sv ya lky l{ l olkh`hylyaw ao clw`x icdlei

dckjleh{d{, nccvhem l kà{c dlykj ae yjc lkysl` ecci{ ao yjc [DC{ yjwasmj lwhas{ihoocwcey `hec{ ao }awn% Da{y eayc}awyjx ldaem yjc{c h{ yjc vwcvlwlyhae lei ih{ywhgsyhae ao

l klylàmsc ao {ckswhyx vwaisky{, {a`syhae{ lei {cwhkc{ llh`lg`c ae yjc dlwncy{, }jcyjcw

yjcx gc elyhael` aw heycwelyhael`%

Heycwecy S{cw [ckswhyx [cwhkc

Yjh{ {cwhkc jl{ yjc mal` ao vwahihem khyhrce{ }ja gwa}{c yjc ]cg }hyj yjc kaeohicekc

eckc{{lwx ya {skkc{{os``x ecmayhlyc lex va{{hg`c {ckswhyx hekhicey{ }jhkj dlx loocky

yjcd% Yjh{ owcc {cwhkc }h`` aoocw {vckhl`h{ci lihkc lei mshilekc he yjc olkc ao va{{hg`c

iasgy{ aw hekhicey{ wc`lyci ya {ckswhyx h{{sc{ ae yjc Heycwecy% [jasì hy gc wc|shwci, hy

}asì c{ylg`h{j kaeylky }hyj yjc [vleh{j {ckswhyx oawkc{ he awicw ya olkh`hylyc yjc

[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc 3; ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe


54/64


vwakc{{hem ao {ckswhyx hekhicey{ yjly dhmjy hea`c {adc kadvsycw kwhdc aw owlsi%

Dawcacw, yjwasmj vwadayhae kldvlhme{ oaw yjc ihoocwcey {cwhkc{ aoocwci ae lwhas{

kjleec`{, hy }h`` gaa{y yjc icyckyhae lei wcvawyhem ao ec} ae`hec yjwcly{, owlsi{ lei {kld{,l{ }c`` l{ lex ayjcw nhei{ ao lyylkn{ ae HKY {ckswhyx% @hnc}h{c, hy }h`` vwahic khyhrce{ }hyj

yjc eckc{{lwx heoawdlyhae lei lihkc ae `cml` h{{sc{ wcmlwihem yjc Heycwecy lei wc`lyci

yckjeaàmhc{%

V`le ya Vwadayc Heoawdlyhae [ckswhyx Dlelmcdcey [x{ycd{

He 766=, }jce HEYCKA }l{ ceyws{yci }hyj yjc yl{n, yjc [CY[H hehyhlyci l {cwhc{ ao

vwadayhael` lkyhhyhc{ ic{hmeci ya {vwcli yjc }awi lei l}lwcec{{ ao yjc gcecohy{ ao

hdv`cdceyhem le Heoawdlyhae [ckswhyx Dlelmcdcey [x{ycd *H[D[(, hek`sihem, he

ka``lgawlyhae }hyj yjc Kjldgcw{ ao Kaddcwkc, yjc awmleh{lyhae ao heoawdlyhc {xdva{hllei yjc cihyhem ao dlesl`{, mshic{ lei ayjcw iaksdceylyhae%

He liihyhae, hy aoocw{ kae{s`ylekx {cwhkc{ }ja{c vwhdc mal` h{ ya wc{vaei ya yjc icdlei

lei heycwc{y mcecwlyci gx yjc ih{{cdhelyhae lei l}lwcec{{ kldvlhme{% Ldaem hy{

lkyhhyhc{, yjc v`le hek`sic{ {svvawy lei kae{s`ylekx }awn oaw yjc oa`à}hem2 seicwylnhem l

ihlmea{yhk lel`x{h{ ao yjc heoawdlyhae {x{ycd{ hdv`cdceyci, ao yjc czh{yhem {ckswhyx wh{n{

lei ao yjc {a`syhae{ lei yaa`{ yjly dlx gc hekawvawlyci> seicw{yleihem ja} ya lilvy ya

dccy yjc czh{yhem yckjehkl` wcms`lyhae{ kacwhem heoawdlyhae {ckswhyx dlelmcdcey

{x{ycd{> lei ja} ya kcwyhox l {ckswhyx dlelmcdcey {x{ycd%

]hyjhe yjc ohcì ao W/I/H lei ywlhehem, lvlwy owad yjc lgac hehyhlyhc{ yjly oawd vlwy ao

V`le LlerF, }c kasì dceyhae ayjcw {hmehohkley vsg`hk hehyhlyhc{% Yjc oa`à}hem gx ea

dcle{ kae{yhysyc l kadvwcjce{hc h{y%

Vwaohy Vwamwlddc ao yjc Dheh{ywx ao Heis{ywx, Yaswh{d / Kaddcwkc

Yjh{ vwamwlddc aoocw{ vsg`hk {sg{hihc{ oaw W/I/H vwamwlddc{, }hyj {vckhohk mwley{ oaw

HKY {ckswhyx vwabcky{%

LlerF Ywlhehem Vwamwlddc ao yjc Dheh{ywx ao Heis{ywx, Yaswh{d / Kaddcwkc

Yjh{ vwamwlddc {svvawy{ ywlhehem vwamwlddc{ ylwmcyci ly gayj awihelwx khyhrce{ lei

vwaoc{{hael`{ lei kadvlehc{, ae HKY {sgbcky{ he mcecwl`, hek`sihem ywlhehem he {ckswhyx%



55/64


: WCKADDCEILYHAE[

HKY {ckswhyx h{ l {ckyaw ao lkyhhyx os`` ao va{{hgh`hyhc{% Asw kaseywx, }jhkj jl{ le hdvawyley{ckswhyx heis{ywx lei {adc vhaeccwhem vsg`hk va`hkhc{, jl{ yjc avvawysehyx ao gaa{yhem yjc

iccàvdcey ao l {ckyaw }hyj l gwhmjy osyswc% He awicw ya gc {skkc{{os`, hy vwac{ eckc{{lwx

ya dlzhdh{c yjc dlex klvlgh`hyhc{ ao yjh{ {ckyaw lei yjc vsg`hk va`hkhc{ he yjh{ kaseywx%

Avyhdh{hem {yhds`lyhae olkyaw{ lei dhehdh{hem aw mcyyhem whi ao hejhghyhem olkyaw{ kl``{ oaw yjc

hdv`cdceylyhae ao hehyhlyhc{ lei lkyhhyhc{ }jhkj wc|shwc yjc kadhem yamcyjcw ao gayj vsg`hk

lei vwhlyc hehyhlyhc{% Yjc oa`à}hem vahey{ lwc bs{y l oc} hicl{ he yjh{ ihwckyhae%

:%< Wcms`lw vsg`hklyhae ao l wcvawy ae HKY {ckswhyx he [vlhe

Yjwasmjasy yjh{ iaksdcey, }c jlc wcocwwci ya yjc czh{ycekc ao hdvawyley {jawyol``{ he yjcilyl llh`lg`c ae yjc HKY {ckswhyx dlwncy he [vlhe% Ylnhem lkyhae{ ic{hmeci ya oa{ycw lei

gaa{y yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe wc|shwc{, ohw{y ao l``, ylkn`hem yjc lg{cekc aw

ih{vcw{hae ao yjc eckc{{lwx heoawdlyhae%

Yjc {aswkc{ ao heoawdlyhae lei yjc {ylyh{yhk{ kswwcey`x llh`lg`c lwc eay {soohkhcey, owad yjc

hc}vahey ao seicwylnhem l ihlmea{h{ ao gayj yjc {svv`x lei yjc icdlei% Yjc cooawy{ yjly

jlc gcce dlic he yjc vsg`hk {ckyaw lwc |shyc wckcey lei jlc kceywci oseildceyl``x ae

ihlmea{hem yjc icdlei oaw {ckswhyx, }hyj wc{vcky ya kcwylhe s{cw vwaoh`c{ *khyhrce{, [DC{

lei @akl` Lidheh{ywlyhae{(%

He vlwyhks`lw, yjc {vckhohk lkyhae{ yjly ecci ya gc ylnce }asì gc yjc oa`à}hem2

l( Wcms`lw`x agylhehem lei vwakc{{hem icdlei ilyl yjly lwc eay xcy llh`lg`c% Eldc`x,

icdlei ilyl oaw vsg`hk lidheh{ywlyhae{, `lwmc kadvlehc{ lei, lgac l``, dhkwa

kadvlehc{% He yjh{ {ce{c, le lic|slyc dckjleh{d oaw agylhehem yjc{c ilyl }asì

vwaglg`x gc ya {ccn l ka``lgawlyhae gcy}cce ceyhyhc{ lei awmleh{lyhae{ yjly dlx jlc

{hdh`lw heycwc{y{2 Dheh{ywx ao Vsg`hk Lidheh{ywlyhae{, Lsyaeadas{ Kaddsehyhc{, `lwmc

kadvlehc{ yjly kae{sdc {ckswhyx vwaisky{, oaseilyhae{, l{{akhlyhae{ ao [DC{, cyk%

g( Agylhehem lei vwakc{{hem ilyl ae yjc aoocw ao {ckswhyx vwaisky{% He yjh{ {ce{c, hy

}asì lvvclw }h{c ya {ccn lmwccdcey{ }hyj yjc da{y wc`cley {ckyawhl` l{{akhlyhae{ ao

yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he awicw ya kadvh`c ilyl ae yjchw l{{akhlyci kadvlehc{, aw }hyj

dlbaw vwahicw{ ao HKY {ckswhyx {cwhkc{% Hy h{ l`{a }awyj {ywc{{hem yjc ecci ya s{c

liihyhael` yaa`{ aw he{ywsdcey{, {skj l{ yjc klylàmsc ao HKY {ckswhyx kadvlehc{ yjc

vsg`hk {ckyaw h{ kswwcey`x vwcvlwhem%

k( Iwloyhem ao le leesl` wcvawy clkj xclw ae yjc HKY {ckswhyx dlwncy% Yjc lkyhae{

asy`heci lgac }asì l`à} oaw yjc kadvh`lyhae ao l`` yjc llh`lg`c heoawdlyhae he leleesl` wcvawy }jhkj kasì yjs{ daehyaw yjc vwamwc{{ ao gayj vsg`hk lei vwhlyc vwabcky{



56/64


aw vwamwlddc{, }hyj l hc} ya icycwdhehem yjchw heo`scekc ae HY {ckswhyx he jadc{,

kadvlehc{ lei Lidheh{ywlyhae{, ae yjc mwa}yj ao yjc heis{ywx lei ae yjc iccàvdcey

ao {ckswhyx$wc`lyci wc{clwkj%

He {jawy, yjh{ h{ l wckaddceilyhae oaw le lvvwalkj ic{hmeci ya aoocw mwclycw nea}`cimc ao

yjc {ckyaw lei ao yjc coockyhcec{{ ao yjc dcl{swc{ liavyci he awicw ya cecwmh{c hy%

:%7 Elyhael` HKY [ckswhyx [ywlycmx2 vwadayhem {yleilwi{ lei kcwyhohklyhae

Yjc s{c ao {yleilwi{ lei kcwyhohklyhae {yldv{ vwahic{ kadvlehc{ }hyj l daic` oaw

{ylwyhem sv HKY {ckswhyx hehyhlyhc{, vwadayhem l{ yjcx ia yjc ag{cwlekc ao kaic{ ao maai

vwlkyhkc lei ce{swhem kadv`hlekc }hyj cml` ag`hmlyhae{%

Yjc {yleilwi{, kcwyhohklyhae {yldv{ lei {cò$wcms`lyhae gl{ci ae yjc ih{{cdhelyhae aomaai vwlkyhkc{ kae{yhysyc l gl{hk c`cdcey oaw kaawihelyhem yjc cooawy{ ao he{yhysyhae{,

kadvlehc{ lei jas{cjaì{, }jhkj, }hyjasy yjh{ wcocwcekc owldc}awn, aoyce dlnc l mwcly

cooawy `lknhem he lex dcyjai, }jhkj iac{ eay l`}lx{ jcli he yjc whmjy ihwckyhae%

@hnc}h{c, }c kleeay olh` ya dceyhae yjc ecci ya {svvawy kadvlehc{ ae yjchw }lx ya

hdv`cdceyhem HKY {ckswhyx kawvawlyc macwelekc, cekaswlmhem yjc s{c ao yckjeaàmhkl`

yaa`{, yjc ih{{cdhelyhae ao lic|slyc {ckswhyx vwakciswc{ lei ywlhehem oaw yjc jsdle

wc{aswkc{ wc|shwci%

Yjc kwclyhae ao l Elyhael` HKY [ckswhyx [ywlycmx }jhkj oaks{c{ l`` cooawy{ ae yjc ylwmcy

ao gaa{yhem yjc s{c ao {yleilwi{ lei kcwyhohklyhae{, lei yjc ih{{cdhelyhae ao maai

vwlkyhkc{ kasì vwahic le hdvawyley hdvcys{ ya yjc iccàvdcey ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx

dlwncy he [vlhe%

:%; Lkyhae{ ic{hmeci ya gaa{y icdlei oaw HKY {ckswhyx he yjc vsg`hk

lidheh{ywlyhae{

l( Hekwcl{c yjc vcwkcvyhae ao yjc l`sc ao HKY {ckswhyx he vsg`hk vwakswcdcey

Le hejhghyhem olkyaw }jhkj {ccwc`x vsy{ yjc gwlnc{ ae yjc HKY {ckswhyx dlwncy h{ yjc vaaw

vcwkcvyhae ao yjc l`sc ao HKY {ckswhyx ae yjc vlwy ao gayj kadvlehc{ lei cei s{cw{% Yjc

vsg`hk lidheh{ywlyhae hy{cò, }jce lkyhem l{ l vswkjl{cw, ae akkl{hae{ wccl`{ l `lkn ao

vcw{vckyhc }hyj wc{vcky ya yjc {vckhohk l`sc ao {ckswhyx h{{sc{% He yjh{ {ce{c, le

heycwc{yhem vahey }jhkj ds{y gc seicw{kawci h{ yjc olky yjly yjc he{soohkhcey wc`clekc

mcecwl``x v`lkci gx vsg`hk yceicw{ oaw kaeywlky{ *czk`sihem yja{c vwabcky{ }jhkj kasì gc

kae{hicwci czkcvyhael`, he{aolw l{ {ckswhyx h{ yjchw c{{ceyhl` oclyswc( ae {ckswhyx vwaisky{

lei {cwhkc{, aoyce wc{s`y{ he yjc{c gchem hekawvawlyci heya, aw `sdvci he }hyj, ayjcw

{cwhkc{%

[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc 3? ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe


57/64


]hyjhe l kaeyczy kjlwlkycwh{ci gx yjc mwa}hem vwc{cekc ao yjc Heycwecy, {ckswhyx h{ ea

àemcw le avyhae, gsy wlyjcw hy h{ le lg{a`syc eckc{{hyx% Vsg`hk lk|sh{hyhae{ {jasì eay

kae{hicw {ckswhyx l{ l kadvaecey ao {adc ayjcw vwaisky aw {cwhkc, gsy wlyjcw l{ loseildceyl` c`cdcey yjly, ao eckc{{hyx, ds{y oawd vlwy ao yjcd l``%

Oaw yjh{ wcl{ae, yjcwc h{ l k`clw ecci oaw yjh{ ohw{y wckaddceilyhae, lhdci {vckhohkl``x ly

yjc vsg`hk {ckyaw, eldc`x, gx yjc s{c ao {shylg`c dckjleh{d{, hekwcl{c yjc hdvawylekc

looawici ya HKY {ckswhyx c`cdcey{%

g( V`le yjc dlelmcdcey ao vsg`hk vwakswcdcey he awicw ya gaa{y W/I/H he {ckswhyx

He yjh{ {ldc ihwckyhae, lei l{ l {vckhohk wckaddceilyhae oaw yja{c vsg`hk vswkjl{c{

wc`lyci ya heealyhae aw }hyj l {vckhl` ywlkyaw klvlgh`hyx, hy }asì gc eckc{{lwx ya hehyhlycihlàmsc }hyj yjc {ckyaw {a l{ ya gc lg`c ya cekaswlmc v`leehem lei lic|slyc

dlelmcdcey ao vsg`hk vwakswcdcey, c{vckhl``x }jcwc l jhmj icmwcc ao W/I/H h{ hea`ci%

Yjs{, lex heycwc{yci kadvlehc{ kasì awhcey yjchw hec{ydcey lei cooawy{ ya}lwi{

vwaiskhem yjc {cwhkc{ lei vwaisky{ yjc vsg`hk {ckyaw icdlei{%

k( Cejlekc yjc yws{y lei kaeohicekc ao vsg`hk vswkjl{cw{ ao HKY {ckswhyx

He wc`lyhae ya yjc lgac wckaddceilyhae{, hy }asì lvvclw eckc{{lwx ya hekwcl{c yjc yws{y

lei kaeohicekc, gayj ly l yckjehkl` lei `cml` `cc`, ao vsg`hk vswkjl{cw{ ao {cwhkc{ aw

vwaisky{ kà{c`x `henci ya HKY {ckswhyx, he{aolw l{ yjcx dlx occ` yjly yjc `lkn ao{vckhohklyhae{ aw {yleilwi{ he yjh{ lwcl kasì ceylh` l kcwylhe icmwcc ao wh{n oaw yjc

{skkc{{ ao l vwabcky gl{ci ae, aw }hyj l {hmehohkley wa`c v`lxci gx, HKY {ckswhyx% Yjc [ylyc

ds{y eay ae`x vswkjl{c he l v`leeci dleecw, hy ds{y oseildceyl``x mcecwlyc

{yleilwi{ lei ywlkyaw vwabcky{ ya `lx yjc oaseilyhae{ oaw yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he asw

kaseywx%

He yjh{ {ce{c, hy h{ c{{ceyhl` yjly yjc kadvcycey lmcekhc{ }hyjhe yjc vsg`hk {ckyaw {jasì

{ywhc ya icohec yja{c yckjehkl` lei `cml` wc|shwcdcey{ iccdci ya gc yjc lg{a`syc

dhehdsd oaw ce{swhem yjc {ckswhyx ao kcwylhe vwabcky{ *oaw czldv`c, lkkc{{ ya ilylgl{c{ awkaeeckyhae{ gcy}cce yjc ilylgl{c{ ao ihoocwcey vsg`hk awmleh{lyhae{, lkkc{{ ya }cg

{cwhkc{, cyk%(% He kcwylhe kl{c{, hy kasì vwac eckc{{lwx ya dlnc {adc {vckhohk {ylysyawx

daihohklyhae> he ayjcw{, l`` yjly }asì gc eccici h{ l iccàvdcey aw {vckhohklyhae ao yjc

`cml` wc|shwcdcey{ he oawkc, aw ya heywaiskc yjc ic{hwci {vckhohklyhae{ aw {yleilwi{ he

ghiihem oawd{ aw daic` k`ls{c{%

[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc 3= ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe


58/64


:%9 Lkyhae{ ic{hmeci ya gaa{y icdlei oaw {ckswhyx he [DC{ lei jadc{

l( Awmleh{lyhae ao vsg`hk l}lwcec{{ kldvlhme{ he awicw ya cejlekc yjc HY {ckswhyx

ks`yswc

]hyj wcmlwi ya yjc lgac, lei dawc ihwcky`x lhdci ly kae{sdcw{, hy lvvclw{ eckc{{lwx ya

kwclyc aw cejlekc yjc {ckswhyx ks`yswc gx dcle{ ao {vckhohk kldvlhme{% He yjh{ kl{c, yjc

icycwdhehem wa`c ao yjc vsg`hk {ckyaw h{ chicey, }hyjasy vwcbsihkc ya yjc {svvawy lei

wcheoawkcdcey hy dlx wckchc owad {hdh`lw vwhlyc hehyhlyhc{%

Yjc vsg`hk {ckyaw ds{y lilekc ickh{hc`x he yjh{ icycwdhehem wa`c, c%m% }hyjhe yjc

l}lwcec{{ kldvlhme{, gx aoocwhem owcc lkkc{{ ya kcwylhe gl{hk {ckswhyx vwaisky{ aw

{cwhkc{ ya kadvlehc{ lei khyhrce{ lei cce ya ayjcw Lidheh{ywlyhae{ yjwasmj yjc

KCWY%

Ae yjc gl{h{ ao yjc{c {cwhkc{, aekc yjc {ckswhyx ks`yswc jl{ gcce kwclyci aw mcecwlyci, hy

}h`` gc sv ya yjc vwhlyc {ckyaw ya aoocw lyywlkyhc {cwhkc{, lic|slyc`x dlelmci ya {cwc l``

nhei{ ao kadvlehc{, he vlwyhks`lw yjc [DC{, acw lei lgac yjc {cwhkc{ aoocwci owcc ao

kjlwmc gx yjc Lidheh{ywlyhae{% Yjc dlwncy ds{y vwac klvlg`c ao vwahihem yjc [DC{ }hyj

{shylg`c dlelmci {ckswhyx {cwhkc{%

g( Acw{cc kadv`hlekc }hyj yjc wcms`lyhae{ yjly hdva{c {vckhohk ag`hmlyhae{ }hyjhe

yjc ohcì ao HKY {ckswhyx

Ly yjh{ dadcey he yhdc, ly `cl{y }hyjhe yjc Cswavcle Sehae, }c jlc gcce selg`c ya

hiceyhox lex dawc olw$wclkjhem wcms`lyhae{, he liihyhae ya yja{c l`wclix he oawkc he [vlhe,

}jhkj hdva{c, aw kasì hdva{c he yjc {jawy ycwd, oswyjcw ag`hmlyhae{ ae {ckswhyx dlyycw{% He

yjh{ {ce{c, yjh{ wckaddceilyhae h{ mclwci dawc ya}lwi{ ce{swhem yjly yjc wcms`lyawx

dcl{swc{ l`wclix he oawkc lwc lic|slyc`x hdv`cdceyci lei osòh``ci, wlyjcw yjle

{smmc{yhem yjc ecci oaw, lei hdva{hem, ec} ag`hmlyhae{ he yjc ohcì ao HKY {ckswhyx%

Yjc `l}{ ds{y gc lg`c ya wc`x ae va{ycwhaw vwabcky{ yjly kle olkh`hylyc yjchw iccàvdcey% Hy

h{ c{{ceyhl` yjly, yamcyjcw }hyj yjc `l}, yjcwc gc l iwhc ya}lwi{ `lsekjhem vwaisky{ lei

{cwhkc{ ae yjc dlwncy }jhkj kle olkh`hylyc kadv`hlekc }hyj yjc {ldc% He{ywsdcey{ {skj

l{ yjc vwcvlwlyhae ao mshic{ aw yjc kwclyhae ao {shylg`c kae{s`ylekx {cwhkc{ ds{y gc

ylnce heya kae{hicwlyhae whmjy owad yjc {ylwy% Ly l`` ka{y{, }c ds{y lahi yjc vcwkcvyhae yjly

yjc {ckswhyx `l}{ lwc ihoohks`y ya hdv`cdcey%

:%3 Lkyhae{ ic{hmeci ya gaa{y yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw

l( Iwl}hem sv le heycwelyhael`h{lyhae v`le oaw [vleh{j HKY {ckswhyx yckjeaàmx

Mhce yjly yjc iadc{yhk HKY {ckswhyx dlwncy h{ wc`lyhc`x {dl``, {vckhl` lyyceyhae ds{y gcv`lkci ae vwadayhem heycwelyhael`h{lyhae v`le{ oaw yjc `clihem kadvlehc{ he HKY {ckswhyx

[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc 3: ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe


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yckjeaàmx, {a yjly yjcx kle kadvcyc coockyhc`x he ayjcw dlwncy{, ic{hmehem {vckhohk

vwamwlddc{ oaw yjh{ nhei ao kadvlex, he l {hdh`lw ol{jhae ya }jly l`wclix jlvvce{ he

ayjcw {ckyaw{%

g( Hekwcl{c ywlhehem lei {vckhl`h{lyhae he HKY {ckswhyx

@hnc}h{c, }c jlc hiceyhohci yjly yjc `lkn ao vwavcw ywlhehem he HKY {ckswhyx h{ xcy leayjcw

ceksdgwlekc aw hejhghyhem olkyaw {à}hem iccàvdcey ao yjc {ckyaw% Yjs{, yjc hdvawylekc,

l{ l mcecwl` wckaddceilyhae, ao iccàvhem lic|slyc ywlhehem lei {vckhl`h{lyhae va`hkhc{%

k( Vwadayc lei olkh`hylyc ohelekhem oaw yjc da{y heealyhc HKY {ckswhyx ohwd{

Yjc czvcwy{ gc`hcc yjly he yjc {ckswhyx {ckyaw, bs{y l{ he ayjcw {ckyaw{ ao yjc ckaeadx, yjckadvlehc{ {jasì gc olkh`hylyci lkkc{{ ya ohelekhem, vlwyhks`lw`x he yjc hehyhl` {ylmc{,

vwckh{c`x }jce yjc{c ecci{ lwc, ae yjc aec jlei, da{y kwhyhkl` lei, ae yjc ayjcw, dawc

ihoohks`y ya agylhe%

He yjc kl{c ao HKY {ckswhyx, mhce yjly yjh{ h{ l {ckyaw }jhkj wc|shwc{ {hmehohkley hec{ydcey

he W/I/H lei h{ {yh`` he l vjl{c ao wc`lyhc hddlyswhyx lei wlvhi mwa}yj, yjc |sc{yhae ao

kadvlex ohelekhem h{ l vlwyhks`lw`x vwc{{hem ecci% ]jh`c yjc{c vwag`cd{ ia eay

czk`s{hc`x loocky yjh{ {ckyaw, hy h{ }awyj dceyhaehem yjc olky yjly yjc wh{n{ l{{akhlyci }hyj l

cwx wlvhi`x ca`hem dlwncy, }jhkj aoocw{ {hmehohkley gs{hec{{ avvawysehyhc{, icdlei yjly

yjc ohelekc he{ywsdcey{ gc wclih`x lilvyci ya {shy yjc wcl`hyhc{ ao yjc kadvlehc{ lei yjcdlwncy%

Hy }asì yjcwcoawc {ccd l maai hicl ya {ysix yjc va{{hgh`hyx ao ohelekc gchem dlic

llh`lg`c s{hem ceyswc klvhyl`, làem yjc `hec{ ao {hdh`lw elyhae}hic aw wcmhael`

vwamwlddc{ ylwmcyhem yjc ohelekhem ao yckjeaàmhkl` kadvlehc{ he yjchw hehyhl` vjl{c{%

i( Cekaswlmc W/I/H he yjc ohcì ao HKY {ckswhyx

Le hdvawyley olkyaw oaw gaa{yhem yjc {ckyaw h{ iccdci ya gc cekaswlmhem W/I/H }awn owad

yjc vsg`hk {ckyaw, l{ }c`` l{ owad yjc vwhlyc {ckyaw% Yjh{ ds{y gc aec ao yjc vwhdc

wckaddceilyhae{ ya gc liavyci gx gayj {ckyaw{%

Yjc vsg`hk {ckyaw ds{y gwhem hy{ ohelekhem va`hkhc{ oaw W/I/H ae HKY {ckswhyx h{{sc{ heya

`hec }hyj v`leehem oaw hy{ a}e icdlei *vsg`hk vwakswcdcey(, {a yjly yjc hec{ydcey dlx

vwac ya gc coockyhc lei kaeywhgsyc ya}lwi{ iccàvhem yjc dlwncy% Hy h{ yjs{ c{{ceyhl`

yjly, ly yjc {ldc yhdc, yjcwc czh{y{ {ywlycmhk v`leehem ao yjc ihoocwcey HKY {ckswhyx ecci{

}hyjhe yjc vsg`hk lidheh{ywlyhae{%



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LEECZC% KLYCMAWHC[ ]HYJHE YJC HKY [CKSWHYX

DLWNCY

H% [ckswhyx Jlwi}lwc

[ckswhyx jlwi}lwc hek`sic{ l }ja`c {cwhc{ ao {ckswc lkkc{{ ichkc{, l{ }c`` l{

lsyjceyhklyhae jlwi}lwc {a`syhae{% Lkkawihem ya yjc k`l{{hohklyhae ao yjh{ wcvawy, yjc

oa`à}hem c`cdcey{ lwc hek`sici2

[ckswhyx ichkc{

L {ckswhyx ichkc kae{h{y{ ao l jlwi}lwc {x{ycd }hyj le cdgciici Avcwlyhem [x{ycd,

}hyj l `hdhyci {cy ao {ckswhyx lvv`hklyhae{% [ckswhyx ichkc{ dlx hek`sic ayjcw

kjlwlkycwh{yhk{ {skj l{ lkkc{{ va`hkhc{, \sl`hyx ao [cwhkc *\a[(, àli gl`lekhem, jhmj

llh`lgh`hyx aw glei}hiyj dlelmcdcey% ]hyjhe yjh{ klycmawx }c ohei2

Ohwc}l``!_VE ichkc{%

Sehohci yjwcly dlelmcdcey ichkc{2 yjcx hekawvawlyc dlex {ckswhyx kjlwlkycwh{yhk{

he aec vhckc ao c|shvdcey, }jhkj ds{y hek`sic l ecy}awn ohwc}l`` klvlgh`hyx,

ecy}awn heyws{hae icyckyhae lei vwcceyhae lei l hws{$vwayckyci mlyc}lx%

Heyws{hae icyckyhae lei vwcceyhae ichkc{2 yjchw vwhekhvl` osekyhae h{ ya vwahic

kaeyhesl` ecy}awn daehyawhem lei yjc klvlgh`hyx ao wcvawyhem lei wclkyhem ya

dl`hkhas{ lkyhhyhc{%

Kaeycey {ckswhyx dlelmcdcey ichkc{2 Yjc{c vwaisky{ aoocw leyhhws{ vwayckyhae,

}cg oh`ycwhem, leyh{vld lei dc{{lmhem {ckswhyx% Yjc{c lvv`hlekc{ ihoocw owad yjc

sehohci yjwcly dlelmcdcey ichkc{ he yjly yjcx ia eay hek`sic ohwc}l`` klvlgh`hyhc{,

eaw heyws{hae icyckyhae lei vwcceyhae%

Lsyjceyhklyhae jlwi}lwc

Yjc lsyjceyhklyhae c`cdcey{ kae{yhysyc le hdvawyley {cmdcey }hyjhe yjc hiceyhyx lei

lkkc{{ dlelmcdcey dlwncy% Yjc{c c`cdcey{ kadvwh{c yjc yaa`{ eckc{{lwx ya vcwoawd

yjh{ dlelmcdcey }awn2

Lsyjceyhklyhae {cwcw{2 {yawc heoawdlyhae ae yjc s{cw{ *àmhe{, vl{{}awi{, cyk%(

lei vwahic cwhohklyhae klvlgh`hyhc{ he yjc olkc ao lsyjceyhklyhae wc|sc{y{%

K`hcey${hic lsyjceyhklyhae {aoy}lwc2 vcwdhy{ yjc kaeywa` ao lkkc{{ owad s{cw{kadvsycw{ ya yjc wc{aswkc{ ao yjc kawvawlyc ecy}awn lei Heycwecy%

[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc ?6 ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe


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Ywlihyhael` lsyjceyhklyhae c`cdcey{2 {dl`` jlwi}lwc ichkc{ yjly l`à} s{cw{ ya

lsyjceyhklyc yjchw hiceyhyx }hyj yjc {cwcw gx s{hem vl{{}awi{ aw wcv`hklyhae aw

czkjlemc dcyjai{%

S[G lsyjceyhklyhae c`cdcey{2 ichkc{ }jhkj lwc kaeeckyci ya l S[G vawy ae yjc

kadvsycw{%

Lsyjceyhklyhae c`cdcey{ oaw `hkce{hem {aoy}lwc2 iaem`c{ kaeeckyci ya l S[G *aw

vlwl``c`!{cwhl`( vawy ya lsyjawh{c yjc s{c ao l kcwylhe vhckc ao {aoy}lwc ae l

vlwyhks`lw kadvsycw%

HH% [ckswhyx [aoy}lwc

[ckswhyx {aoy}lwc hek`sic{ l }hic wlemc ao yckjeaàmhc{ cdvàxci he awicw ya cejlekc yjc

{ckswhyx ao kadvsycw c|shvdcey, heoawdlyhae {x{ycd{, kaddsehklyhae{, ecy}awn{ lei

c`ckywaehk ywle{lkyhae{% Hy h{ s{ci ya ce{swc yjchw kaeohiceyhl`hyx, heycmwhyx, vwhlkx lei

llh`lgh`hyx%

Hiceyhyx lei lkkc{{ dlelmcdcey

Yjh{ kacw{ l }ja`c {cy ao {a`syhae{ syh`h{ci ya hiceyhox s{cw{ he l {x{ycd *cdvàxcc{,

k`hcey{, cyk%( lei kaeywa` yjchw lkkc{{ ya wc{aswkc{ }hyjhe yjc {x{ycd gx c{ylg`h{jhem whmjy{

lei wc{ywhkyhae{ icvceihem ae yjc vwaoh`c ao yjc hiceyhyx he |sc{yhae%

Yjwcly dlelmcdcey

Yjwcly dlelmcdcey hek`sic{ {a`syhae{ }jhkj kae{yley`x daehyaw ecy}awn ywloohk aw yjc

lkyhhyx ao le lvv`hklyhae, he awicw ya ih{kacw dl`hkhas{ lkyhhyhc{ aw ce{swc kadv`hlekc

}hyj yjc icoheci {ckswhyx va`hkhc{% Aekc l {ckswhyx ha`lyhae h{ icyckyci, yjc{c yaa`{ lwc

ic{hmeci ya dhyhmlyc yjc {kavc ao yjc lyylkn ae yjc daehyawci ecy}awn% Yjwcly

dlelmcdcey kadghec{ y}a oldh`hc{ ao vwaisky{2 ohwc}l``{ lei heyws{hae icyckyhae lei

vwcceyhae {aoy}lwc%

Kaeycey dlelmcdcey lei {ckswhyx

Kaeycey dlelmcdcey lei {ckswhyx hek`sic{ {aoy}lwc {a`syhae{ ic{hmeci ya vwaycky

heoawdlyhae lei kadvsycw c|shvdcey owad hws{c{, {vx}lwc, {vld, vjh{jhem, Ywable{,

}awd{ lei ayjcw nhei{ ao dl`hkhas{ kaic% Hy l`{a hek`sic{ {a`syhae{ ya vwaycky kaeohiceyhl`

ilyl, heyc``ckysl` vwavcwyx lei ayjcw {ce{hyhc heoawdlyhae ao yjc awmleh{lyhae% Kaeycey

dlelmcdcey lei {ckswhyx hek`sic{ yjc{c {sg${cmdcey{2 leyhhws{ {aoy}lwc, }cg oh`ycwhem

{aoy}lwc lei dc{{lmhem {ckswhyx {aoy}lwc%

[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc ?< ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe


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_sècwlgh`hyx dlelmcdcey

L {cy ao {a`syhae{ yjly vsy{ awmleh{lyhae{ he l va{hyhae ya gc lg`c ya icycwdhec, heycwvwcy

lei cejlekc yjchw va{hyhae he yjc olkc ao wh{n{%

Ayjcw {ckswhyx {aoy}lwc

Yjh{ hek`sic{ cdcwmhem {ckswhyx osekyhae{ yjly ia eay kawwcky`x ohy heya lex ao yjc vwchas{

klycmawhc{% Yjc lwcl{ hek`sici seicw yjc klycmawx ao ayjcw {ckswhyx {aoy}lwc lwc2

cekwxvyhae yaa`{, ilylgl{c {ckswhyx, {yawlmc {ckswhyx, _VE k`hcey{, }hwc`c{{ {ckswhyx, }cg

{ckswhyx {cwhkc{ lei {ckswc avcwlyhem {x{ycd{%

HHH% [ckswhyx [cwhkc{[ckswhyx {cwhkc{ kacw l`` yja{c lkyhhyhc{ eckc{{lwx ya v`le, ic{hme, kae{ywsky lei

dlelmc yjc {ckswhyx ao l kadvlex{ ecy}awn heowl{ywskyswc{, vwakc{{c{, vwamwld{ lei

heoawdlyhae%

[ckswhyx v`leehem

[ckswhyx v`leehem lei l{{c{{dcey mcecwl``x wc{vaei{ ya wc|shwcdcey{ ao yjc wh{n

vwcceyhae gs{hec{{% Gs{hec{{ kae{s`ylekx vwabcky{ s{sl``x mhc wh{c ya ec} vwabcky{ oaw

hdv`cdceyhem yjc {a`syhae{ eckc{{lwx ya vwahic yjc wc|shwci {ckswhyx, is`x klwwhci asy gx

ayjcw vwahicw{%

Hdv`cdceylyhae ao {ckswhyx

Yjc hdv`cdceylyhae ao {ckswhyx h{ iadhelyci gx {x{ycd heycmwlyaw{ lei wc{c``cw{ }ja aoocw

{ckswhyx hdv`cdceylyhae {cwhkc{ l{ vlwy ao l kadvwcjce{hc {x{ycd{ hdv`cdceylyhae

vwabcky% Yjcwc czh{y{ l `lwmc esdgcw ao vwahicw{ {vckhl`h{hem he vlwyhks`lw {ckswhyx

yckjeaàmhc{% Kae{s`ylekx kadvlehc{ ia eay mcecwl``x mcy hea`ci he yckjeaàmhkl`

l{vcky{ lei {a yjcx `clc yjh{ hdv`cdceylyhae ya yjc {x{ycd{ heycmwlyaw{%

Dlelmci {ckswhyx {cwhkc{

Yjc{c {cwhkc{ lwc s{sl``x aoocwci l{ vlwy ao le acwl`` asy{aswkhem kaeywlky%

[ysix ao yjc HKY {ckswhyx {ckyaw he [vlhe Vlmc ?7 ao ?9Ag{cwvlyawha ic `l [cmswhili ic `l Heoawdlkhe


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@H[Y AO MWLVJ[

Mwlvj


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jyyv2!!}}}%heycka%c{

jyyv2!!ag{cwlyawha%heycka%c{
http://www.inteco.es/http://observatorio.inteco.es/http://observatorio.inteco.es/http://www.inteco.es/

Study of the ICT security sector in Spain

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