Study Of Flora And Fauna In Study Area and impacts of projects · Study Of Flora And Fauna In Study...
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Study Of Flora And Fauna In Study Area and impacts of projects
Biological environment
Ecology is the study of the relation and interactions between organisms and their
environment. It comprises the floral and faunal communities of an area. With changes in
environmental conditions, structure, density and composition of plants, animals also undergo
changes. For the proposed study, the study area has been identified as 10km around the
project site.
Himachal Pradesh is a predominantly mountainous state. Consequently, its climate is more
congenial to forests. It comprises four forest zones-subtropical, sub-temperate, wet temprate
and dry-temprate. The proposed mine area is situated in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh.
The forests of the tract are well scattered on both the banks of river Beas. Scrub forests,
Bamboo forests, Chil forests, Scrub mixed with chil, sal and other Broad Leaved forests are
present which occur due to altitude, edaphic and biotic factors. Kangra forest consist various
type of vegetation and faunal biodiversity.
Objectives of the Study
For sustainable and eco-friendly mining project development, biological environment is
studied. As per EIA 2006 norms study are classified in 2 parts. One is core zone where
mining proposed and another part is buffer zone that’s 10 km radius of mine lease area.
The present study was undertaken with the following objectives:
To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the project site;
To assess the distribution of animal life spectra;
To understand the productivity of the water bodies;
To assess the biodiversity and to understand the resource potential; and
To ascertain migratory routes of fauna and possibility of breeding grounds.
Methodology for Baseline Data Generation
To achieve the above objectives a detailed study of the area was undertaken in 10km radius
around proposed mine area. The different methods adopted were as follows:
Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the area;
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Discussion with local people so as to elicit information about local plants, animals and
birds.
The primary data was generated through:-
Preparing a general checklist of all plants encountered in the study area. This would
indicate the diversity for plants.
Determining the bird population of migratory and local birds by taking 10 random
readings at every Location;
Observing mammals, amphibians and reptiles, noting their calls, droppings, burrows,
pugmarks and other signs.
Core zone: The study area of core zone consist river bed with rocks. There is no vegetation
present except some grasses.
Buffer zone: Buffer zone defined from mine lease area. It is 10km radius of ML area. There
are 6 forest namely Panjal Reseve Forest (3.67 Km, SE), Dadhoa protected forest (4.25 km,
NE), Sansarpur Reserve Forest (6.48 km, N), Chalan Protected Forest (7.33 Km, E),
Karanpur Reserve Forest (8.54 km, NW) and Pong Dam Bird Sanctuary (~9.0 km) shown in
Figure-1.
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Figure 1: 10km Environmental Sensitivity Map
3.4. Flora
Study of biological environment is one of the important aspects in Environmental Impact
Assessment in view of the need for conservation of Environmental quality. We were carried
out a detailed enumeration of species occurrences of flora at various locations were observed
and typical plant species were collected. The visual observations of plants were recorded with
a view to obtaining some idea about the relative density of certain species and their
predominance. Project influence area have several floral species have been reported with
some prominent tree species are Cassia fistula, Ficus bengalenses, Aegle marmelos, Phoenix
sylvestris, Mangifera indica, Azadaricta indica, Dalbergia sisso, Calotropis procera,
Terminalica arjuna.
Sum of 111 plant species were recorded illustrated inTable-1.
Table 1: List of Flora Present in Study Area
S. No. Family Botanical Name Local Name
1. Acanthaceae Adhatoda zeylanica Basuti
2. Acanthaceae Strobilanthes auriculata Kapur minngar
3. Agavaceae Agave americana Ram ban
4. Amaranthaceae Deeringia amaranthoides Bhirang
5. Anacardiceae Mangifera indica Aam
6. Anacardiceae Pistacia integerrima Kakrain
7. Anonaceae Miliusa velutina Chopar chilla
8. Apocynceae Ichinocarpus frutescens Bakkarbel
9. Apocynceae Carissa opaca Garuna
10. Apocynceae Nerium oleander Ghanira Gandheela
11. Apocynceae Holarrhena pubescens Keor
12. Apocynceae Wrightia arborea Khalawa
13. Arecaceae Phoenix sylvestris Khajoor
14. Asclepiadaceae Calotropis procera Aak
15. Asclepiadaceae Cryptolepis buchananii Jaman khumb
16. Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides Gha buti
17. Bignoniaceae Stereospermum chelonoides Padal
18. Bignoniaceae Oroxylum indicum Tatplanga
19. Bombacaceae Bombax cieba Simal
20. Caeselpinaceae Cassia fistula Amaltas
21. Caeselpinaceae Cassia occidentalis Chakunda
22. Caeselpinaceae Bauhinia variegata Kachnar, Karal
23. Caeselpinaceae Bauhinia malabarica Kacnnar, Karal
24. Caeselpinaceae Cassia tora Panwar
25. Caeselpinaceae Caesalpinia decapetala Ralan, Arlu
26. Caeselpinaceae Bauhinia vahlii Taur
27. Cannabinaceae Cannabis sativa Bhang
28. Capparaceae Crataeva religiosa Barna
29. Celastraceae Euonymus pendulus Bharmela
30. Celastraceae Celastrus paniculatus Sankhiran
31. Combretaceae Terminalia arjuna Arjan
32. Combretaceae Terminalia bellirica Bahera
33. Combretaceae Anogeissus latifolius Chhal
34. Combretaceae Terminalia chebula Harar
35. Cuscutaceae Cuscuta reflexa Amar bel
36. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea deltoides -
37. Dipterocarpaceae Shorea robusta Sal
38. Ebenaceae Diospyros cordifolia Kala dhao
39. Ehretiaceae Cordia vestita Kumbhi
40. Ehretiaceae Cordia dichotoma Lasura
41. Ehretiaceae Ehretia acuminata Sakar
42. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus emblica Amla
43. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion velutinum Chamar-saman
44. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia royleana Chhun
45. Euphorbiaceae Bridelia squamosa Gaddi
46. Euphorbiaceae Jatropha curcas Jamnota
47. Euphorbiaceae Mallotus philippensis Kamal
48. Euphorbiaceae Bischofia javanica Marak
49. Fabaceae Butea monosperma Dhak, Plah
50. Fabaceae Mucuna pruriens Gajal bel
51. Fabaceae Desmodium velutinum Jagru
52. Fabaceae Abrus precatorius Rattak
53. Fabaceae Pueraria tuberosa Salod
54. Fabaceae Dalbergia sissoo Shisham
55. Fabaceae Pongamia pinnata Sukhcha
56. Liliaceae Asparagus racemosus Musli
57. Lythraceae Woodfordia fruticosa Dhawi
58. Malpighiaceae Aspidopterys wallichii Dhur bel
59. Malpighiaceae Hiptage benghalensis Malti wan
60. Malvaceae Urena lobata Unga
61. Meliaceae Melia azedarach Drek
62. Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Neem
63. Meliaceae Toona ciliata Tun Tun
64. Menispermaceae Stephania elegans Batindu
65. Mimosaceae Albizia odoratissima Karmaru
66. Mimosaceae Acacia catechu Khair
67. Mimosaceae Acacia nilotica spp. indica Kikar
68. Mimosaceae Albizia chinensis Ohi
69. Mimosaceae Acacia modesta Phalai
70. Mimosaceae Acacia leucophloea Riur
71. Moraceae Ficus benghalensis Bohar
72. Moraceae Ficus hispida Dagur
73. Moraceae Ficus palmata Dogla
74. Moraceae Ficus nemoralis Dudla
75. Moraceae Ficus semicordata Kandroi
76. Moraceae Ficus subincisa Karanda
77. Moraceae Morus serrata Karun
78. Moraceae Ficus virens Padari
79. Moraceae Ficus rumphii Palakh
80. Moraceae Ficus religiosa Pipal
81. Moraceae Ficus sarmentosa Rudhar
82. Moraceae Ficus racemosa Rumbal
83. Moraceae Morus macroura Shah-tut
84. Moraceae Morus australis Sia-tut
85. Moraceae Morus alba Tut
86. Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Sanan
87. Myrsinaceae Maesa indica Burkani
88. Oleaceae Olea ferruginea Kao
89. Pinaceae Pinus roxburghii Chil
90. Poaceae Eulaliopsis binata Bagar
91. Poaceae Dendrocalamus strictus Bans Bain
92. Poaceae Chrysopogan montana Dholu
93. Poaceae Saccharum spontaneum Kahi
94. Poaceae Artistida adscensionis Lambi
95. Poaceae Hetropogon contortus Lambu
96. Poaceae Sorghum nitidum Lunji
97. Poaceae Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Mohar
98. Punicaceae Punica granatum Anar
99. Rubiaceae Hymenodictyon orixense Barthua
100. Rutaceae Aegle marmelos Bil
101. Rutaceae Murraya koenigii Gandhla
102. Rutaceae Murraya paniculata Nargan
103. Sterculiaceae Helicteres isora Maror phalli
104. Tiliaceae Grewia optiva Dhaman
105. Tiliaceae Grewia eriocarpa Phalsa
106. Urticaceae Boehmeria platyphylla Padara
107. Verbenaceae Vitex negundo Bana
108. Verbenaceae Premna barbata Ginani
109. Verbenaceae Tectona grandis Sagwan
110. Vitaceae Cayratia trifolia Chamar bel
111. Vitaceae Ampelocissus latifolia Giddar Dakh
112. Cactaceae Opuntia elatior -
3.5. Fauna
The information of important terrestrial animal groups such as birds, reptiles and mammals
were collected by trekking inhabiting areas, along the road, nearby village areas and
agricultural fields present in the impact zone. An inventory of the animals has been prepared
separately for mammals, reptiles and birds. The faunal species are reported as Common
Emmigrant, Pioneer, Monitor Lizard, Common myna, Gray Partridges, Indian Treepie,
Parakeet, Jungle Crow, House Crow, Rock Pigeon, Green Bee eater, Red Watlled lopwing,
Wood pecker and Indian hare. Some primary flora observed during the field survey presented
in below table
Out of which 17 species of mammals, 50 species of birds, 5 species of reptile,
fishes and 03 species of amphibians were recorded. Class wise list of species has been given
below in Table-2 to 6 and shown in
Figure 2: Class
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Mammals
No
. of
Sp
eci
es
The information of important terrestrial animal groups such as birds, reptiles and mammals
were collected by trekking inhabiting areas, along the road, nearby village areas and
present in the impact zone. An inventory of the animals has been prepared
separately for mammals, reptiles and birds. The faunal species are reported as Common
Emmigrant, Pioneer, Monitor Lizard, Common myna, Gray Partridges, Indian Treepie,
le Crow, House Crow, Rock Pigeon, Green Bee eater, Red Watlled lopwing,
Wood pecker and Indian hare. Some primary flora observed during the field survey presented
Out of which 17 species of mammals, 50 species of birds, 5 species of reptile,
fishes and 03 species of amphibians were recorded. Class wise list of species has been given
and shown in Figure-2.
: Class-wise Status of fauna Species
Birds Reptile Fishes Amphibians
Fauna
The information of important terrestrial animal groups such as birds, reptiles and mammals
were collected by trekking inhabiting areas, along the road, nearby village areas and
present in the impact zone. An inventory of the animals has been prepared
separately for mammals, reptiles and birds. The faunal species are reported as Common
Emmigrant, Pioneer, Monitor Lizard, Common myna, Gray Partridges, Indian Treepie,
le Crow, House Crow, Rock Pigeon, Green Bee eater, Red Watlled lopwing,
Wood pecker and Indian hare. Some primary flora observed during the field survey presented
Out of which 17 species of mammals, 50 species of birds, 5 species of reptile, 4 species of
fishes and 03 species of amphibians were recorded. Class wise list of species has been given
Table 2. List of Mammals recorded in study area
S.No. Zoological Name Common English
Name
Status as per Wildlife
Conservation Act,
1972 & amendments
1. Boselaphus tragocamelus Blue Bull III
2. Sus scrofa Wild boar III
3. Cervas unicolor Sambhar -
4. Canis aureus Jackal II
5. Herpestes edwardsi Common Mongoose -
6. Macaca mulatta Rhesus Monkey II
7. Panthera pardus Leopard I
8. Felis chaus Jungle cat II
9. Lepus nigricollis ruficaudatus Rufous tailed hare -
10. Presbytis entellus Langur II
11. Funambulus pennant Five striped Palm
Squirrel
IV
12. Mus booduga Indian Field Mouse -
13. Rattus rattus Common House Rat -
14. Mus musculus House Mouse -
15. Pteropus giganteus Flying Fox -
16. Rousettus leschenaultia Fruit bat -
Table 3. List of Reptiles Studied in Study Area
S. No. Zoological Name Common English name Status as per Wildlife
Conservation Act, 1972
& amendments
1. Lacerta vivipara Common lizard -
2. Calotes versicolor Garden lizard -
3. Bangarus caeruleus Common Indian crait -
4. Ancistrodon
himalayanus
Himalayan pit viper -
5. Naja naja Indian Cobra II
Table 7. List of Amphibians in the Study Area
Table 4. List of Fishes in the Study Area
S. No. Zoological Name Local Name
1. Labeo rohita Rohu
2. Catla catla Catla
3. Barbus (tor) putitora Mahasheer
4. Clarias batrachus Mangur
Table 5. List of Birds in the Study Area
S. No. English Name Scientific Name
1. Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant
2. Tachyboptus ruficollis Little Grabe
3. Ardea cinerea Grey Heron
4. Ardea purpurea Purple heron
5. Casmerodius albus Large Egret
6. Mesophoyx intermedia medin Erget
7. Bubulcus ibis Cattle erget
8. Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron
9. Ciconia episcopus White necked strock
10. Threkiornis melanocephalus Oriental white ibis
11. Anas platyrhynchos Mallard
12. Anas strepera Gadwal
13. Cotuornix coromandelica Rain Quail
14. Vanellus duvaucelii River lapwing
15. Vanellus indicus Red wattled lapwing
S. No. Scientific Name Local Name Status as per Wildlife
Conservation Act, 1972 &
amendments
1. Amolops sp Cascade frogs -
2. Rana sp. Pond frogs II
3. Bufo melanastictus Common Asian Toad -
16. Vanellus vanellus Northern lapwing
17. Columba livia Blue rock pigeon
18. Streptopellia senegalensis Little brown dove
19. Streptopelia chinensis Spotted dove
20. Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian collared dove
21. Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Parakeet
22. Psittacula krameri Rose Ringed parakeet
23. Psittacula cyanocephala Plum headed parakeet
24. Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel
25. Centropus sinensis Greater coucal
26. Tyto alba Barn owl
27. Bubo nipalensis Forest eagle owl
28. Athene brama Spotted Owlet
29. Alcedo atthis Small blue kingfisher
30. Halcyon smyrensis white breasted kingfisher
31. Merops orientalis Small Bee eater
32. Caracias banghalensis Indian Roller
33. Upupa epops Common hoopoe
34. Megalaima zeylanica Brown headed barbet
35. Megalaima asiatica Blue throated barbet
36. Dndrocopos macei Fulvous breasted Pied Woodpecker
37. Picus xanthopygaeus Little scaly bellied green Woodpecker
38. Dinopium benghalense Lesser golden backed Woodpecker
39. Pycnonotus leucogenys Himalayan Bulbul
40. Pycnonotus cafer Red vented Bulbul
41. Acridotheres ginginianus Bank myna
42. Dicrurus macrocercus Black drango
43. Dendrocitta vagabunda Indian Treepie
44. Corvus splendens House crow
45. Corvus macrorhynchos Jungle Crow
46. Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin
47. Saxicoloides fulicata Indian Robin
48. Ficedula tricolor Slaty blue Flycatcher
49. Lonchura punctulata Spotted munia
50. Passer domesticus House Sparrow
Impact of Project on Environment And Their Mitigation
General
Identification of all potential environmental impacts due to project is an essential step of
Environmental Impact Assessment. In case of mining projects, impacts on biodiversity, air
pollution, water pollution, waste management and social issues are significant. Both direct
and indirect environmental impacts will be created on various environmental attributes due to
proposed mining activity in the surrounding environment, during the operational phase.
The occurrence of sand, bajri, boulder (minor mineral) deposits, being site specific, their
exploitation often does not allow for any choice except adoption of eco-friendly operation.
Positive impacts on socio-economic environment are expected due to creation of employment
opportunities. Mining activities are normally carried out over a long period which also
encourages development in the area such as roads, schools, hospitals etc.
Several scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict impacts of physical
environment. Mathematical models are the best tools to quantitatively describe the cause and
effect relationships between sources of pollution and different components of environment. In
cases where it is not possible to identify and validate a model for a particular situation,
predictions have been arrived at based on logical reasoning/consultation/extrapolation.
The following parameters are of significance in the Environmental Impact Assessment and
are being discussed in detail:
1. Land Environment
2. Soil Environment
3. Water Environment
4. Air Environment
5. Noise Environment
6. Biological Environment
7. Socio-Economic Environment
8. Solid Waste
9. Traffic Environment
Land Environment
Since mining is being carried out by opencast manual method, it is expected to affect the land
environment essentially. Impact assessment study on land environment can be done by
considering land use pattern/land cover, topography, drainage pattern and geological features
of the mine site as well as the study area.
Anticipated Impact
Mining activity will impact river bed topography by formation of excavation voids.
River bed mining may bring in some change in topography at the nearby area of the
mine lease.
Stacks of solid waste generated from mining activity may hinder the flow of water in
monsoon season.
Mitigation Measures
Adopting suitable, site-specific mitigation measures can reduce the degree of impact of
mining on land. Some of the land-related mitigation measures are as follows:
Excavated pits will get replenished annually in monsoon itself & will be restored to
original.
The mine working will remain confined to allotted river bed only, so it will not disturb
any surface area outside the mine lease area which may affect topography or drainage.
Solid waste will not be stacked on the bank side as it will hinder the flow of water in
monsoon season.
Soil Environment
Anticipated Impacts
Operational activities like excavation and removal of sand, bajri, boulder would
invariably disturb the soil of the area.
No major impact on soil of the study area is envisaged due to mining activities as
there is no stack emission or any other activity involved in operational phase of
mining activity.
During operation of mine, the soil within or nearby mine lease areamay undergo
physico-chemical changes due to deposition of SPM and washout of gases (SO2 and
NOx) during the rains. However, the impacts of these are likely to be marginal.
Mitigation Measures
There is negligible amount of soil present in the river bed therefore impact will be
marginal.
Fugitive dust emission shall remain confined locally within working area and
emission at haul road will be controlled by water sprinkling and plantation.
Mining will not be carried out during rainy season and during other seasons these
fugitive emissions will not interact with soil as it is opencast mining so no harm to
soil will occur.
Water Environment
The impact of mining project on groundwater hydrology and surface water regime are site
specific and depends upon the characteristics of the mineral, hydrogeology and requirement
of groundwater for other uses.
Anticipated Impact
River recharges the groundwater; excessive mining will reduce the thickness of
the natural filter materials (sediments), through which the groundwater is
recharged.
Mining activity may intersect groundwater level.
Waste water generated from the mining activity will cause water pollution.
Domestic wastewater generated from temporary toilets may cause contamination
in water.
Mitigation Measures
Restriction in excavation depth will be made compulsory to avoid reduction in the
thickness of the natural filter materials.
Mining in the area will be done well above the water table as well as river bed water
level therefore; much impact on water regime is not anticipated.
No waste water will be generated from the mining activity of sand, bajri, boulder
(minor minerals) as the project only involves their extraction from river bed.
The domestic wastewater generated from temporary toilets used by the work force
will be treated in septic tank followed by soak pit. Therefore, impact on water
quality due to proposed unit would be insignificant.
Air Environment
The air quality in the mining area depends upon the nature and concentration of emissions
take place from mining activities and meteorological conditions.
Anticipated Impact
Mining operations carried out by opencast manual method generate dust particles due
to extraction, loading and transportation of sand/bajri/boulder. The dust liberated in
mining and other related operations is injurious to heath if inhaled in sufficient
quantity.
Gases, such as, Sulphur Dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen etc. get emitted from vehicular
exhaust.
Mitigation Measures
Proper mitigation measures like water sprinkling will be adopted to control dust
emissions. Masks will be provided to workers.
To control the fossil fuel gas emissions regular preventive maintenance of equipment
will be carried out on contractual basis.
Noise Environment
The area in general represents calm surroundings. There is no heavy traffic, industry or noisy
habitation in the area nearby proposed mine. As the project is proposed for opencast manual
mining method there will be no blasting or drilling activities involved in mining process.
Anticipated Impact
The source of Noise pollution will be the vehicular movements.
Noise will be generated by the digging of mine area using shovels, crowbars etc.
Mitigation Measures
Proper maintenance of all transportation vehicles will be carried out which help in
reducing noise during operations. No other equipments except the transportation
vehicles will be allowed.
Noise generated by hand equipments shall be intermittent and does not cause much
adverse impact.
Biological Environment
The mining activity will have insignificant effect on the existing flora and fauna. Data have
been collected from various Government Departments such as forests, agriculture, fisheries,
animal husbandry and various offices to establish the pre project biological environmental
conditions. The purpose of the project itself is to save the flora around the project area from
river widening, excessive erosion and floods. It was found that the proposed mining activity
will not have any significant impact on the biological environment of the region. Since the
river is mostly seasonal there shall be significant impact on the aquatic flora and fauna
downstream of the mining site due to increase in suspended particulate matter, movement of
vehicle, removal of sand, bajri and boulders shall disturb substratum.
Anticipated Impact
Flora
The proposed project of river bed sand, bajri, boulder mining shall be carried out on the
Sohan Khad, which does not have any trees. Hence, no tree cutting is involved. The project
shall also not lead to any change in landuse and will be replenished every year after
successive rain.
The project seeks permission to carry out the mining activity, which though is an
economically gainful activity, but also constitutes river training work. It allows for necessary
dredging activity which otherwise leads to flooding of nearby banks. With the proposed
riverbed mining activity, as the river bed deepens, the banks will eventually be available for
secondary succession of vegetation.
There shall be negligible air emissions or effluents from the project site. During loading the
truck, dust generation will be likely. This shall be a temporary effect and not anticipated to
affect the surrounding vegetation significantly.
Fauna
Animals are sensitive to noise and avoid human territory. The animals accessing the river at
the project stretch are likely to shift upstream or downstream of the stretch during the mining
activities.
There will be no impact on aquatic environment due to mining because the river dries up
considerably and is reduced to no flow during lean season. Water flows only in rainy season
through Sohan Khad Bed. No fishes are reported in the study stretch of the river.
Hence, no significant impact on the fauna is anticipated from the proposed project.
Mitigation Measures
Flora
Although, the project will not lead to any tree cutting, it is proposed to improve the greenery
of the locality by plantation services. To avoid dust emissions, the mined materials will be
covered with tarpaulin during transportation.
Fauna
The workers shall be directed to not venture out of the leased area for collecting fuel wood, or
hunting. They shall also be trained to not harm any wildlife, should it come near the project
site. No work shall be carried out after 6.00 pm.
Socio-economic Environment
The Socio–Economic Impact Assessment is the systematic analysis used during EIA to
identify and evaluate the potential socio-economic and cultural impacts of a proposed
development on the lives and circumstances of people, their families and their communities.
It can identify and distinguish numerous measurable impacts of a proposed development but
not every impact may be significant. The population who gets affected either directly or
indirectly by the proposed project can tell whether the impacts caused by project are
significant or not.
Anticipated Impact
As the project is proposed at government land, no resettlement and rehabilitation
(R&R) is required.
The local people’s only employment to depend on is agriculture, which is seasonal. In
the absence of any high employment potential activities, the people are economically
backward.
There are some people who are engaged in trading of sand, bajri, boulder. Therefore
due to mining of sand, bajri, boulder the per capita income of local people have been
improved.
Mitigation Measures
Increased funding for nearby people to improve social infrastructure and cultural
maintenance programs.
Various direct and indirect employment opportunities will be generated by the
proposed project. A better standard of living due to increased access to employment,
business opportunities, training and education will be there.
It is suggested that during mining, all safety provisions has to be ensured to negate
any likely impacts on social environment due to associated hazards.
Solid-Waste
Anticipated Impact
This RBM project does involve negligible quantity of waste generation in form of slit
mixed sand and soil which gets deposited as crust material on the bed profile and is
extracted during mining process.
No municipal waste other than domestic sewage shall be generated,
However, there will be about 20 workers on site. While cooking at site will not be
allowed, some food wastes can be expected to be generated which if not disposed
properly will render the site dirty.
Mitigation Measures
Silt mixed or soil generated during mining process will be either rod filling or can be
used for plantation purpose.
Domestic sewage shall be disposed into septic tank followed by soak pits.
However, solid wastes generated from the personal habits of people such as used
bidis, waste paper, food remains etc. cannot be ruled out. Dustbins shall be provided
at the rest places. These dustbins shall be emptied daily at the nearest dhalaos from
the site.
Traffic Environment
Mine site is well connected to SH-25 by Village Road. Road is wide enough to facilitate easy
and smooth movement of vehicles. At present the traffic load at village Road is 460 vehicles
per day and at SH-25 are 555 per day approximately. Due to the proposed project there will
be addition of 30 HMV and LMV in the existing traffic, hence the changes will be very
marginal and will not affect the existing environment.
Anticipated Impact
Increase in traffic density will lead to air pollution.
Movement of vehicles will cause noise pollution.
Increased traffic may cause accidental incidences.
Mitigation Measures
Vehicles with PUC Certificate will be hired. Regular maintenance of vehicles will be
done to ensure smooth running of vehicle.
Un- necessary blowing of horn will be avoided.
To avoid accidents the speed of vehicles will be low near habitation areas.