8/6/2019 Study of Bio Availability of Nutritionals

1/1

PlasmaAntioxidantReserve

To determine SIN-1 induced isoprostanes, and hence the plasma antioxidant re

samples rom each subject were treated with an enzyme mixture consisting o cata

and uricase (2.5 u/ml) in 0.15M NaCl and incubated at 25C or 10 minutes. Samp

treated with SIN-1 chloride (0.2 mmol) and incubated at 37C or 4 hours with shakin

8-isoprostane concentrations were measured using an ELISA kit according to m

instructions (8-iso Prostaglandin F2 Kit. Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI).

RESULTS

For every nutrient examined, the USANAEssentials had the best bioavailability

Essentials produced the largest change in blood levels o ascorbic acid, 15% greate

closest product and ranged between 64% to 73% greater than all the others exami

(Figure 1A).

For riboavin, the mean area under the curve (AUC) was the greatest ater sup

with USANAs Essentials. There was a 56% greater appearance o riboavin than t h

competitor and 96% over the worst (Figure 1B).

Supplementation with the Essentials also had the best absorption o vitamin B6. Th

least 92% higher than all o the competitors. The juice-based product did not cha

levels o vitamin B6 at any o the time points ollowing supplementation, indicati

this product contained no vitamin B6 or poor, i any, bioavailability (Figure 1C).

In terms o a unctional endpoint, plasma antioxidant reserve, a measure o resista

to oxidative stress, was measured. Supplementation with the USANA Essentials pr

increase in PAR over the next closest competitor. The other 3 supplements had oeect on PAR (Figure 2).

CONCLUSIONS/DISCUSSION

The USANA Essentials outperormed the other products tested by providing the

o key nutrients in the most eicacious orms. The gel-based, plant-matrixed, and

supplement all have similar amounts o nutrients listed on their labels. Howe

that neither the novel delivery systemnor the various sources o the raw mate

the bioavailability o the nutrients analyzed or these 3 products. The Essentials

largest increase in circulating concentrations or all three nutrients examined

the leading daily multivitamin produced a larger absorption curve or ribola

plant-matrixed, juice-based, and gel-based products, even though all 4 pro

the same amount o ribolavin in their ormulations. As seen in the vitamin C cu

juice-based product produced an absorption curve that approached that o t

Plasma antioxidant reserve seems to match the curve or vitamin C, suggestin

heavily inluenced by vitamin C status.

Studies where multiple doses are given over a longer period o time could also pr

into the absorption o at-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, vitacarotenoids, as these vitamins take longer to accumulate in the body. It also ap

vitamin C, riboavin, and vitamin B6, the Essentials not only had the best absorp

maintained increased levels o the nutrients longer over the time period examine

it appears that the USANA Essentials provides optimal levels o the most bioavai

nutrients to obtain blood levels signicantly higher than the competition. Thus,

daily, one could expect to maintain elevated levels o these nutrients throughout t

obtain optimal nutritional status.

BioavailaBility of USaNa ESSENtialS vErSUS

foUr SElEct compEtitor prodUctS

INTRODUCTION

In the supplement industry, products can be rated based on the number o nutrients pro-

vided at an eicacious level and the bioavailability o said nutrients. Bioavailability is de-

ined as the degree and rate at which a substance is absorbed into a living system or is made

available at the site o physiological activity. What good does it do to take a supplement i itis not eective due either to low amounts o nutrients or poor bioavailability? A simple way

to examine the quality o a health supplement is to examine its bioavailabilitya superior

nutraceutical has superior bioavailability.

Some supplement companies make considerable claims about the bioavailability o their supple-

ments, claiming that they are more efciently absorbed. A ew companies go even urther and

state that their novel delivery systems allow their products to be more bioavailable despite hav-

ing low concentrations o select nutrients. Other companies suggest that the nutrients they use

in their products are naturalor ood-derivedand, thereore, are more bioavailable than con-

ventional ormulations. The purpose o this study was to assess whether blood levels o select key

nutrients could reach similar levels ater supplementation with 5 diverse dietary supplements.

Four products were analyzed relative to USANAs Essentials vitamin, mineral, and antioxi-

dant supplement: 1) a plant-sourced vitamin/mineral supplement utilizing minerals obtained

through hydroponic cultivation; 2) a ood-based supplement consisting o dehydrated ruits

and vegetables; 3) a leading single daily vitamin/mineral tablet containing up to the recom-

mended daily allowance (RDA) o select vitamins and minerals; 4) a gel-based vitamin/mineral

supplement containing up to the RDA levels o vitamins and minerals.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

StudyDesign

This study was a crossover study that consisted o 10 healthy adult volunteers (8 males, 2

emales), ranging in age rom 2650. One supplement was evaluated each week or a total

o 5 weeks. Each product was given as directed to include the manuacturers recommended

daily dose in a single intake. On each study day, subjects were required to complete an

overnight ast, donate a baseline venous blood sample, and take the randomly assigned

dietary supplement. Additional blood samples were collected 1, 3, and 7 hours later. A

standardized breakast and lunch consisting o a bagel with 20 g o cream cheese was given

to subjects at baseline and again ater the 3-hour blood draw. Participants were also asked

to abstain rom physical activity the day o their study appointment.

NutrientAnalyses

Ascorbic acid, riboavin, vitamin B6, and plasma antioxidant reserve (PAR) were measured at

each time point to obtain an absorption curve or each product/nutrient.

SerumVitaminC

Serum samples were analyzed or ascorbic acid via HPLC according to the CDCs Laboratory

Procedure Manual or vitamin C. Briey, samples were mixed 1:1 with 10% (w/v) metaphosphoricacid (MPA), centriuged at 10,000 x g or 10 minutes, and the resulting supernatant diluted 1:5 in

MPA. Analyte concentrations were determined relative to authentic samples.

PlasmaRibofavinand VitaminB6

Serum samples were diluted with an equal volume o 10% (w/v) MPA. Samples were centriuged

or 10 minutes at 10,000 x g. The resulting supernatant was analyzed or riboavin and vitamin

B6 content via liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Natalie Eich, Erik Schneider, Toni McKinnon, Brian Dixon, John Cuomo, Tim Wood

USANA Health Sciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah

Product Id ProPertIes

USANA Essentials Atablet supplement formulated withhighlevelsof most keynutrients

Plant-matrixed Atablet supplement utilizing mineralsobtained throughhydroponiccultivation

Juice-based Afood based capsule-formsupplement consisting ofdehydrated fruitsand vegetables

Leadingdaily multivitamin Leading single-tablet-per-daysupplement formulated to meet RDA

levelsof select vitaminsand minerals

Gel-based Agel-based supplement containing upto the RDAlevelsof vitaminsand minerals

Table 1. ProducTs analyzed for selecT nuTrienTs

*Intellectual property portrayed in this comparison remains the property of therespective owners. Comparisons are valid as of May 2007.

*

Figure 1. Change in select nutrient levels over 7 hours ater

supplementation with various products: A) vitamin C serum

levels; B) ribofavin plasma levels; C) vitamin B6 plasma levels.

Symbols represent mean + SEM.

Figure 2. Total area under the curve or plasma antioxidant

reserve. The area under the curve was calculated over 7 hours

ollowing supplementation with various products.

USANA Essentials Increases Riboflavin

in Plasma More Than Other Products

B

USANAEssentials

Plant-matrixed

Juice-basedLeadingDaily

Gel-based

ChangeinRiboflavin(M)

-5

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

Time (hrs)

USANA Essentials Increases Vitamin B6

in Plasma More Than Other Products

C

USANAEssentials

Plant-matrixed

Juice-basedLeadingDaily

Gel-based

ChangeinVitaminB6(nM)

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Time (hrs)

USANA Essentials Increases Plasma Antioxidant

Reserve (PAR) More Than Other Products

0

50

100

150

200

250

USANA Essentials Plant-matr ixed Juice-based Leading Dai ly

No Increase

Gel-based

Area

UnderCurve

USANA Essentials Increases Vitamin C

in Serum More Than Other Products

A

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ChangeinVitaminC

(M)

USANAEssentials

Plant-matrixed

Juice-basedLeadingDaily

Gel-based

Time (hrs)