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1) List and explain castell's 4 factors of the digital divide

Castells' Digital Divide:

- according to Castells, there are four major contributing factors to the digital divide. Be able

to explain the signicance of each of these factors and the fth factor identied b

!nternational "elecommunications #nion.

$ factors contributing to the digital divide:

%& Demographics- Demographics such as gender, race, age, and location pla e rolesinto the digital divide. Castell believes that each of these aspects are relevant for thedivide.

(& )e* technological divide + "he ne* technological divide centers around the notionthat those *ho had technolog have learned and mastered it, et those *ho are justexperiencing it no* *ill not be able to catch up *ith the others

& no*ledge gap-"he no*ledge gap aspect shines light upon ho* users do not havethe necessar no*ledge to receive and process the sills on dierent tpes oftechnologies.

/& "he 0lobal digital divide-12revious research has characteri3ed the global digital divideas one bet*een developed and developing nations 4e.g., Castells, (55%& or bet*een

rich and poor nations$& "he 6anguage 0ap-7ome technologies re8uire ou to no* a certain language to use

it. 9or example, some *ebsites are in nglish onl

2) How does Drucker's 1992 description of and predictions about the post-capitlaist society  infor !astells' observations about the nature andcharacteristics of our "etwork #ociet$%

-no*ledge, rather than capital, land or labor, is the ne* basis of *ealth. "he classes of afull post-capitalist societ are expected to be divided in no*ledge *orers or service*orers, in contrast to the capitalists and proletarians of a capitalist societ. !n the boo,Drucer estimated the transformation to post-capitalism *ould be completed in (5%5+(5(5.-Drucer also argued for rethining the concept of intellectual propert b creating a

universal licensing sstem. Consumers *ould subscribe, for a cost, and producers *ouldassume that everthing is reproduced and freel distributed through social net*ors.-; ne* economic order that *as no longer dened b the adversarial classes of labor andthe o*ners of capital. )o* that no*ledge has trumped nancial capital and labor alie, thene* classes are no*ledge *orers and service *orers.-Drucerher. no*ledge is a form of mobile human capital.-"he nation-state is no longer indispensable to the no*ledge econom, and as a result,Drucer foresa* the emergence of ne* social structures *ould arise and co-exist *ith thenation-state.

-Drucer summed up the dierence bet*een *hat man term a post-industrial econom and*hat he calls a no*ledge econom this *a: “That knowledge has become the resourcerather than a resource is what makes our society 'post-capitalist.’   This factchanges – fundamentally – the structure of society. The means of production is and will beknowledge.” 

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&) hat does the 'width' and the 'depth' of the internet ean%&b) what did (i*erners Lee create%

 "he Brooings stud actuall discusses ho* to reali3e the !nternet

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) what are Lessig and (i *ernersLee ost concerned about regarding thefuture of the and especiall$ regarding its universal accessibilit$% How is the di5erent fro the internet%6essig *as concerned *ith data collection:

%& 2rivac-(& ;ccountabilit- ;long the same lines of user privac, is the idea that companies that

*ant access to our critical information have a responsibilit to build sstems thatrespect that data& )eutralit

/& Bringing *eb access to the rest of the *orld