Studio II Project 2A

167
TAMAN BOTANI NEGARA SHAH ALAM (GROUP A)

Transcript of Studio II Project 2A

  • TAMAN BOTANI NEGARA SHAH ALAM (GROUP A)

  • SITE PLAN

  • Location Plan010101

  • Key Plan010102

  • Master Plan010103

  • Topography010104

  • Site Plan010105

  • Section A-A010106

  • Section B-B010107

  • Section C-C010108

  • Section D-D010109

  • Section E-E010110

  • Section F-F010111

  • LANDSCAPE

  • PALMS01

  • BAMBOO01

  • PALMS & BAMBOO01

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    Thick palm tree Thin palm tree Salacca Coconut tree Bamboo

  • TREES02

  • TREES02

    Sesendok tree Shorea SP. Dokong tree Cempedak tree Ludai tree

  • SHRUBS03

  • FLOWER03

  • SHRUBS & FLOWER03

    CordylineKopsia Cow grass Bougainvillea

  • NON-ACCESSIBLE AREA04

  • PALM TREE

    Tall (8-10 metres ) & thin bark Grow in the tropics Palms inhabit a variety of ecosystems :

    poor drainage area or regular flooding, tropical mountain habitats, grasslands and scrublands, desert oases, extremely basic lime soils

    General uses: cultivation of the date palm, palm wood, rattan cane

    PALMS CHARACTERISTICS05 BAMBOO

    Tall (9-10 metres) Quick-growing, versatile , non-timber

    forest product whose rate of biomass generation is unsurpassed by any other plants.

    Has a highercompressive strengththan wood, brick, or concrete and atensile strengththat rivals steel

    Main feature : culms, which are strong, straight, smooth, light, hard and hollow

    Small, narrow leaves General Uses : used forbuilding

    materials, as a food source, and as a versatile raw product.

  • COCONUT TREE

    Mid-range height ( 6 metres ) Strong thin bark preferred for its :

    straightness, strength, salt resistance Long Light feathery leaves It has shallow roots Grows well in drained areas General uses : Coconut milk, wood,

    husks and shells for charcoal

    PALMS CHARACTERISTICS05

    SALACCA SP.

    Medium height (4-6 metres) Strong thin bark preferred for its :

    straightness, strength, salt resistance Long Light feathery leaves It has shallow roots Grows well in drained areas General uses : Coconut milk, wood, husks

    and shells for charcoal

  • SESENDOK

    Mid-canopy tree (10m) with a diffused, dome-shaped crown

    Grows along tropical lowland, rivers and steep slopes

    Grows best in sunny conditions and in sandy soil

    Fast growing Abundance of heart shaped

    leaves compacted together Soft and thin wood Flowers once or twice a year General uses : wood for

    construction (match box, drawing boards, planks)

    TREES CHARACTERISTICS05 SHOREA SP.

    Emergent Storey tree Large tree (up to 50 metres) with a

    hemispherical crown Straight, cylindrical bole that can be free

    of branches for 18 - 24 metres Ranges in Southeast Asia Critically endangered Grows well in lowland areas in moist

    tropics Very durable wood that is in mid-range

    in terms of weight and hardness General uses : light construction,

    plywood, planking

  • DOKONG

    Average sized ( 6 metres ) Irregular trunk Hard, thick and heavy wood Buttress roots exposed above

    ground Flowers grow in clusters that hang

    from branches and trunks Very low wind tolerance and grows

    preferably in shade Has thick and cloudy resin Grows in rich, moist, acidic soil Good nesting area for ants due to

    their sweet fruits General uses : fruit syrup, wood for

    constructing rural houses, traditional medicine

    TREES CHARACTERISTICS05 CEMPEDAK

    Tall tree and can grow up to 20m Its smooth bark becomes thick and

    rough as it ages Leaves are dull to medium green and

    have long brown wiry hair on the surface Uses : fruit, timber used in furniture-

    making and building

  • LUDAI

    Deciduous Monoecious Small to medium-sized trees up to 30 m tall The bole is columnar to sinuous, up to 60 cm in diameter,

    sometimes fluted at base or with steep buttresses. Natural habitat : Sapium species are found scattered in well

    drained primary and secondary evergreen to deciduous rain forests, up to 800 m of altitude.

    TREES CHARACTERISTICS05

  • KOPSIA

    Short shrub ( 2 metres )

    with pale green leathery leaves

    Delicate five-petaled flowers in white or a very pale pink, with a vivid crimson center

    Grows in the tropics Slow growth Commonly used as an

    annual/bedding plant

    SHRUBS & FLOWERSCHARACTERISTICS05 CORDYLINE SP.

    Short shrub ( 3 metres ) Evergreen flowering plant Woody stem with long leaves Grows in the tropics Produces yellowish to red flowers that

    mature into edible red berries General uses : leaves were used to

    thatch the roofs of houses, leaves for wrapping or food storage, medicine

  • BOUGAINVILLEA

    Popularornamental plantsin most

    areas with warm climates Evergreenwhere rainfall occurs all

    year ordeciduousin dry season Actualflowerof the plant is small and

    generally white but is surrounded by three or sixbractswith bright colours

    Green heart shaped leaves (8-13 cm) Grows well in rich loamy, well-

    drained soils but is adaptable Thorny plant Fast growth rate and readily

    available

    SHRUBS & FLOWERSCHARACTERISTICS05 COW GRASS

    Fast growing Generally reaches 15 cm and flowering

    culms up to 30-45 cm high It is shallow-rooted Leaf blades are shiny, flat and folded Grows slowly during dry season and

    withstands heavy grazing May become a weed under favourable

    conditions such as high rainfall and high temperatures

    General uses : often used as a permanent pasture, groundcover, turf in moist, low fertility soils

  • 0201 04 05

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    LAND

    SCAP

    E ANA

    LYSI

    S/O

    PPOR

    TUNI

    TIES

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  • 07 DRAINAGE SYSTEM

  • 08 SOIL CONDITION

  • EXISTING STRUCTURES

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    HutSign boardPrivate buildingFertilizer station

    Bridge with brick pathwayGazebo 23m

    42m

    108m240m2m25m

    LEGEND:

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    Lamp post 5m

  • Starting point from HUT, there is a

    signboard 40 feet away from it.

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    A private building can be see from a

    distance of 168 feet away.

    A compost station is located 56 feet from the private

    building.

    Continue walking 87 feet to the T-

    junction, where there is a bridge

    with brick pathway which connects to a

    gazebo.

    HUMAN CIRCULATION01

    LEGEND:HutSign boardPrivate buildingCompost stationBridge with pathwayGazebo

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    Lamp post

  • HUT02-Surrounding trees and bushes provide shade to the structure-Low penetration of sunlight-Used for storing tools-Ridge vent for ventilation

    PLAN

    ELEVATION

    AIR FLOW

  • SIGNBOARD03

    PLAN

    ELEVATION

    -Located at the T- junction, which is a prominent location, suitable for a signage -Board lacks information.

  • PRIVATE BUILDING04-Located beside the composting station-Good ventilation -Odorless-Not accessible to public

    PLAN

    ELEVATION

  • COMPOST STATION05-Located beside the private building-Constructed with semi open structure-High ventilation -Little unpleasant odor -Not accessible to public ELEVATION

    PLAN

  • BRIDGE WITH BRICK PATHWAY 06-Leads to the gazebo-Made from clay bricks, durable and can withstand wear and tear of constant footsteps-Suitable for use of small transportation-Porous nature of clay breaks prevents formation of puddles-Also leads to another gazebo located further back ELEVATION

    PLAN

  • GAZEBO07

    PLAN

    ELEVATION

    -Location shaded by surrounding trees-Resting spot for public -Highly accessibility-Open design ensures good ventilation and a cool environment

  • COLLECTIVE ANALYSIS

  • COLLECTIVE ANALYSIS08Due to the lack of maintenance, these structures are in poor

    condition but still acceptable overall. The relevant authorities should take the initiatives to clean up and maintain the

    surrounding.The usage of materials such as clay tiles, bricks and concrete on these structures require minimum

    maintenance, yet maximizes the natural ventilation at the same time.

  • COLLECTIVE ANALYSIS08

    These buildings are mostly neglected, poorly maintained and not accessible by public.

    The surroundings should be cleaned up for aesthetic purposes. Also, there should be a proper pathway to

    enhance the accessibility of the hut for visitors.

    The main materials for the private building include bricks, ceramic tiles and clay tiles for roof. The

    utilization of these materials minimize the amount of maintenance work. The building is not accessible for

    public.

    To minimize the unpleasant odor from the fertilizer station, trees must be planted to act as a buffer medium, also to

    provide a shading area. The zinc roof also acts as a reflective medium which reflects heat and reduces the temperature of

    the structure.

  • CLIMATIC STUDY

  • SUN PATH01- An average of 8 hours per day of

    sunshine. - The golden hours, defined as the

    hours with a comfortable intensity of sunlight are 8a.m. to 10a.m. and 5 p.m. to 6p.m.

    - Sunlight will be harshest at around 12pm. to 1p.m.

  • LIGHT INTENSITY02- Highest light intensity are along

    the trail and lakes. - Followed by the trail sides and

    lakeside. - The end of the trail has the lowest

    light intensity because it surrounded by trees and sunlight is blocked throughout the day.

  • SHADED AREAS03- Most of the shaded area are

    formed under the trees. - The gazebos provide the shading

    area for people to rest. - The end of the trail has the most

    shaded area because the dense vegetation shields the sunlight from the site

  • ANNUAL WIND DISTRIBUTION04- Southwest Monsoon (April to September)

    Prevailing wind flow brings warm, humid climate and torrential rainfall.

    - Northeast Monsoon (October to March)Strong winds brings cold and moist air from South China Sea. The site is affected by this monsoon wind as its rainfall higher than normal season.

    - March and October are the transitions between two monsoons.

  • WIND ROSE05- Most of the wind comes

    from the south but the wind normally come from northeast and southwest.

    - The average wind speed has been around 4 km/h. The highest wind speed will be 19 km/h.

  • RAINFALL06- The average monthly amount of

    precipitation is recorded at around 240 mm.

    - February and July are the driest months because there have low precipitation.

    - October to November are the peaks of high rainfall following by April and May which have the high precipitation with an accumulation of around 270mm due to monsoon seasons.

  • HUMIDITY07

    The trail has the lowest humidity because it is exposed to sunlight. The end of the trail has higher humidity which more 80% because sunlight would be blocked. The area which near the lakes got the highest humidity because the air are moist.

  • HUMIDITY07

    - On average, May and November are the most humid months due to high precipitation.

    - These are decisively unfavorable conditions for hiking. People may feel infirmity and easily get sweat.

    - March is the least humid month.

  • TEMPERATURE08- Monthly average maximum temperature

    ranges from 32 to 34C. - Monthly average minimum temperature

    ranges from 22 to 24C. - The average maximum and minimum

    temperature per month vary less than 2 C annually.

    - For the site, daytime average maximum temperature will be around 32C. At night the average minimum temperature drops down to around 22C.

  • CIRCULATION PATTERN

  • ACTIVITIES

  • Taman Cempedak

    Lake

  • 8.30 a.m. - 11.00 a.m. 11.00 a.m. - 2.00 p.m. 2.00 p.m. - 4.00 p.m.

    Jogging Cycling FishingRest

    Most of the people are cycling and jogging. The temperature and sunlight is more suitable for people to walk around there.

    People started to leave the site due to the increase in temperature. Most of them went for lunch and rest.

    Some people brought their fishing pole, baits and other equipments to start fishing

    ACTIVITIES SCHEDULE

  • Relationship between thermal comfort of user and number of usersAccording to the some study on thermal comfort and user behaviors in outdoor spaces, as the temperature increase people tended to engage in static activities in environments that exhibit sufficient shading. The shaded areas were conducive to static activities as the temperature gets higher.

    ACTIVITIES ANALYSISChanges in the mean user time spent in sunny and shaded areas during the hot seasons.

    PET (physiological equivalent temperature)= a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment

    Between 12 p.m. to 4.30 p.m. people prefer to engage in outdoor leisure activities in areas containing shade-providing trees or shelter, avoiding direct exposure to intense solar irradiance. Taman Cempedak is a perfect spot which provided natural shading and slightly inclined landscape with visually pleasing view which encourage people to rest and curry out static activities.

  • Jogging

    Cycling

    Picnic

    Fishing

    STATIC & DYNAMIC ACTIVITIESStatic activities is performed at a specific site and area. People pay more attention toward the surrounding provided a best opportunity to catch peoples attention.

    Dynamic activities is performed in a larger area people are less notice toward the surrounding area. And the density of people in a particular area is lower.

  • Seasoned activities / Temporary eventThere are some temporary event such as Karnival Sambutan Musim Bunga, Hari Terakhir Persekolahan, Musim Bunga which have potential to boost up the number of visitor at the site.

    CampingSome area of the site is suitable for camping such as Taman Cempedak area provided a best spot for camping.

    OTHER POSSIBLE ACTIVITIES

  • VIEWS AND VISTA

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  • POSITIVE VIEWS

  • POSITIVE VIEW 7

    POSITIVE VIEW 1

    POSITIVE VIEW 8

    POSITIVE VIEW 9

    POSITIVE VIEW 2

    POSITIVE VIEW 4

    POSITIVE VIEW 3

    POSITIVE VIEW 6

    POSITIVE VIEW 5

  • - The lake is surrounded on all sides by lush vegetation and greenery.

    - Its close proximity to the main road ensures that this site is seen clearly by every pedestrian passing by, turning it into a visual focal point.

    .

    01 POSITIVE VIEW

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  • POSITIVE VIEW02- The lake located in view behind the site is

    stagnant and murky.- However, the lush vegetation between the lake

    and the site partially shields the view of said lake.

    - The elevation of the site is a gradual decline, allowing the user on the site a measure of privacy.

  • 03 POSITIVE VIEW- The user on site has a clear view of the lake,

    south from the site.- The site is shielded by the thick foliage of the

    surrounding bamboo plants which creates a sense of protection, suitable for a insecure user.

    - The thick foliage also decreases the penetration of sunlight, creating a shaded area.

  • POSITIVE VIEW04- The shrubs on site are planted orderly and well

    maintained.- The lack of tall trees creates a lack of shade,

    exposing the clearing to intense sunlight.- The elevation of the site is flat and even.- The overgrown weeds towards the south of the site

    contrasts with the orderly arrangement of the shrubs on site

  • POSITIVE VIEW05- The tall trees on site create shades for the

    site with its spreading canopies.- The presence of dry leaves and logs around

    the site gives it a very raw and untouched feeling.

    - In contrast to other sites, the trees here are tall and thin

  • - The high density of overhead foliage shields the site from direct sunlight.

    - The trees on site are short but its foliage spreads out wide.

    - High density of trees also shields the site from the main road, creating a sense of security and privacy for the user on site.

    - The few tall trees located in the middle of the site contrasts with the surrounding short trees.

    08 POSITIVE VIEW06

  • - A balance composition of the site, with the presence of the tall trees on one end transitioning into an open plane before coming to the main road.

    - View window of with high visual interest due to the unobstructed panoramic view of the surrounding

    07 POSITIVE VIEW

  • - The site is a potential viewing station, serving as a focal point for several vistas.

    - Good visual transition from point to point.

    08 POSITIVE VIEW08

  • - The elevation of the site can ease the identification of a pavilion due to the gradual incline of the site, starting from the road.

    - This gives a user a clear line of sight to the site.

    POSITIVE VIEW09

  • NEGATIVE VIEWS

  • NEGATIVE VIEW 3

    NEGATIVE VIEW 2

    NEGATIVEVIEW 4NEGATIVE

    VIEW 1

  • NEGATIVE VIEW01- The composting centre obstructs the view to and

    from the site.- Dirty and disorganized- Unpleasant odour from the composting process

  • NEGATIVE VIEW02- Trees on the site block the view to the grass

    plain, limiting the visual interest of the site.- The site is poorly maintained with overgrown

    grass.

  • NEGATIVE VIEW03- Many short trees planted surrounded the site

    obstruct the view of the lake - Murky lake with stagnant water filled with

    algae

  • NEGATIVE VIEW04- View shrouded by dense vegetation all around.- Dense vegetation shields the site from direct

    sunlight and keeps the site dim- The dense vegetation also increases the humidity of

    the site and blocks of air circulation.

  • SUGGESTION

  • POTENTIALSITE

    POTENTIAL SITE

    POTENTIALSITE

    POTENTIALSITE

    POTENTIALSITE

    POTENTIALSITE

  • - Due to the lack of conservation, the lake is contaminated with dirt and almost pale brown, like stagnant water on rainy day. The dirt and algae should be remove to improve the aesthetic of the site.

    - With sufficient care, the lake has the potential to create a sense of calm natural beauty to the landscape. The association between the lake and landscape can also achieve a sense of harmony.

    .

    01 SUGGESTION

    http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/single-word-requests

  • 02 SUGGESTION- The bushes and unkempt dry bamboos

    should be removed to remove any elements which might distract users from the poetry of the site.

  • SUGGESTION03- With the advantages of shades and tall trees,

    this is a potential site for constructing a pavilion.

    - The dry leaves and rubbish should be thrown away.

  • - The view of the site from the road is obstructed by the trees. - This create a sense of privacy and security for the space and

    user. - A pedestrian or trails should be build to ease accessibility

    to the site.

    08 SUGGESTION05

  • - Due to the balance composition of the site and the unobstructed panoramic view of the surrounding, it has potential to construct a pavilion.

    - The site area is large enough for outdoor activities such as camping.

    - Its suitable for public use because of its wider and better view of vision

    - The bushes around the lake should be removed and maintained well to provide a better view.

    04 SUGGESTION

  • SUGGESTION06- Due to the gradual incline of the site which starting from

    the road, it has potential to construct a pavilion.- The higher level of ground gives user a clear line of sight

    to the site.- Viewing deck were suitable to build here with the

    advantage of the site.

  • CASE STUDY

  • Since the year 2000, Serpentine Galleries annually commissions world renown architects and designers to design and build temporary pavilions located in Kensington Gardens, London.

  • LOCATION PLAN02

  • AREA PLAN03

  • SITE PLAN04

  • Without Pavilion With Pavilion

    - Visit the Serpentine Gallery- Walk in the park- Cycling- Picnic- Relaxing

    ?

    ACTIVITY05

  • With Pavilion = ?

  • SERPENTINE PAVILION 2006

  • COSMIC EGG PAVILIONREM KOOLHAAS & CECIL BALMOND

  • FORM FITS FUNCTION"The 2006 Serpentine Pavilion will be defined by events and activities. We are proposing a space

    that facilitates the inclusion of individuals in communal dialogue and shared experience."

    REM KOOLHAAS

  • Consists of a translucent canopy & circular enclosed space at the bottom

    Inflatable translucent canopy on the top

    Pavilion Surrounded by translucent polycarbonate panels

    Bars and cafes located at the sides Event and forum at center Gallery/Telecast/Movie Screening Canopy adapts to the events and

    functions

  • Canopy rises higher than the Serpentine Gallery building

    Canopy pavilion illuminates the surrounding park at night

  • Adapts to Weather/Events/Circulation

  • Clear days/Summer >> Inflated

    Cloudy/Rainy/Cold >> Deflated

  • Circulation

  • Wind Circulation

  • Analysis/Conclusion

    Designed in mind with the site and function Material innovation Use of mechanics Attention-seeking/Minimal Pavilion goes with the content

  • SERPENTINE PAVILION 2008

  • Frank Gehry

    Hi

  • DESTRUCTIVISMTHE DRAMATIC, MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SPACE

  • Discussion and performance

    by night

    Reflection and relaxation by day

  • Discussion and performance

    by night

    Reflection and relaxation by day

    ViewSunlightWind

    Legend

  • Reflection and relaxation by day

    - Night Talk- Performances - Music- Film Screenings

    Discussion and performance

    by night.Picnic -

    Sightseeing - Reading -

    Family Outing -Cycling -Jogging -

  • LIGHT & SHADOW- Careful positioning of the structural elements make for a

    comfortable space to relax.- Alignment of the glass panel to create shade for specific

    areas and also to shelter the interior spaces from weather

  • Reflection and relaxation by day

    Discussion and performance

    by night.Suitable environment for small groups interaction.

    Openness creates visual connectivity between exterior and interior

    Able to relax under the comforts of adequate shading

    Suited for events that consists of big groups

    Exterior elements are hidden in the night, giving more attention to the interior spaces

    Provides a comfortable amphitheatre-like environment for entertainment enjoyment

  • SERPENTINE PAVILION 2010

  • 2010 - RED SUN PAVILION (JEAN NOUVEL)CELEBRATION OF SUMMER THROUGH RED

    Red is summer heat. Red complements green. Red is bright, alive, piercing. Red is provocative, forbidden, loud. Red is as English as a red rose, as red as London's iconic objects, a double-decker bus or a telephone box, the transitory places we gravitate towards. Red doesn't last.

    HI

  • Specifications Function: Temporary summer pavilion (cafe,

    concerts,conferences...) Net Floor Area: 500m^2

    Budget: 750,00 Materials: fabric curtains, polycarbonate

    plastics, steel beams, glass Events/Activities : cafe, chess, ping pong,

    frisbee, Park Night

  • A

    B

    Section A Section B

  • NORTH ELEVATION

    WEST ELEVATION EAST ELEVATION

    SOUTH ELEVATION

  • Red palette complements the green surroundings

  • Bold geometric forms & season

    Retractable awnings

  • Play as central theme

    Facilities accommodates an open floor plan

  • Conclusion

    Designing a bold and dramatic design doesnt have to come at the expense of being separated to the context of the site if done properly

  • SERPENTINE PAVILION 2012

  • 2012 SERPENTINE GALLERY PAVILION by

    Herzog & de Meuron and Ai Wei Wei

  • The architects and designers.

  • N

  • SERPENTINE PAVILION 2014

  • 2014 - THE CASTLE OF THE SELFISH GIANT Designed by Chilean architect Smiljan

    Radic. Described as the weirdest pavilion

    exposed by the Serpentine Galleries. Inspired by follies and papier-mache

    models. Is a development of the architects

    previous works. 541 square metres. Materials - Fibreglass as the shell, and for

    the main structure - structural steel with timber infill.

  • RELATIONSHIP TO THE SITE

    The same site is used for the pavilions every year.

    The pavilions are mounted in front of the entrance of the Serpentine Gallery, the site is surrounded by trees on both sides, and there is a path that goes from the street to the entrance of the gallery.

    Activities engaged in the park are usually walking, exercising, cycling (except on the road leading to the pavilion), visiting the gallery and memorials as well as picnics and events.

    The choice of materials was made to give an organic aspect to the pavilion, the architect wanted it to feel like it was part of the landscape.

    Openings are cut out from the shell like structure to allow the users of the pavilion to view the outside as well as for the outside to look on the inside.

    The pavilion has a hollow centre that serves as a skyclad garden, the inner walls of the pavilion also have openings that face each other and enable viewing the other side of the pavilion as well as the central garden.

  • FUNCTIONS

    Serves as a public space or socialising spot.

    Houses a cafe during the day.

    Stages performances at night - art, music, poetry.

  • CIRCULATION WITHOUT VS. WITH PAVILION

    WITHOUT PAVILION

    On a normal day, the visitors would walk through the pathway connecting the gallery to the main paths and subsequently to the street.

    People sometimes gather around the trees to seek shade or for picnics.

    The part of the park where the gallery is situated is restricted to only pedestrian access.

    WITH PAVILION

    Raised walkway leading to the inside of the pavilion and starts from the gallery.

    Users can walk around the pavilion and view the inside.

    Users can also walk under the pavilion to reach the centre of the pavilion and sit there on the ground itself or the large quarry stones.

  • If we dont feel the heaviness of the stone, then we dont have a good project - Smiljan Radic, about the Serpentine Pavilion 2014.

  • REFERENCES Jean Nouvel (no date) Available at: http://www.jeannouvel.com/en/desktop/home/#/en/desktop/projet/london-united-kingdom-serpentine-gallery-the-red-sun-pavilion1 (Accessed: 27 April 2016). Ruault, P. (2010) Serpentine gallery pavilion 2010 by Jean Nouvel. Available at: http://www.serpentinegalleries.org/exhibitions-events/serpentine-gallery-pavilion-2010-jean-nouvel (Accessed: 27 April

    2016). (No Date) Available at: file:///C:/Users/GE72/Desktop/19-06-2015_pavilion_press_pack_final.pdf (Accessed: 27 April 2016). (No Date) Available at: file:///C:/Users/GE72/Desktop/SABD/semester%202/studio%20design/project%202/PROJECT%202A/CASE%20STUDY%20(RED%20SUN%20PAVILION%202010)

    /serpentine%20pavillion.pdf (Accessed: 27 April 2016). Media, H. W. (2014, March 13). 2006 serpentine gallery pavilion. Retrieved April 24, 2016, from http://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/2006-serpentine-gallery-pavilion-3807 Offenbach, J. (2006, July 13). Serpentine gallery pavilion 2006 by Rem Koolhaas and Cecil Balmond with Arup. Retrieved April 24, 2016, from http://www.serpentinegalleries.org/exhibitions-

    events/serpentine-gallery-pavilion-2006-rem-koolhaas-and-cecil-balmond-arup-0 Rose, S. (2016, January 1). The gas ceiling. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2006/jul/03/architecture GONCA ZEYNEP TUNBLEK. (2013). TEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE: THE SERPENTINE GALLERY PAVILIONS (THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE IN ARCHITECTURE thesis). Retrieved from etd.lib.metu.

    edu.tr/upload/12616546/index.pdf Hobson, B. (2016, January 24). Video: 2006 serpentine gallery pavilion by Rem Koolhaas. Retrieved April 24, 2016, from Architecture, http://www.dezeen.com/2016/01/24/video-interview-julia-peyton-

    jones-rem-koolhaas-2006-serpentine-gallery-pavilion-inflatable-canopy-balloon-movie/ Dezeen (2016) Serpentine gallery pavilion 2010 by Jean Nouvel. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grCxYLzK7-8 (Accessed: 27 April 2016). (No Date) Available at: file:///C:/Users/GE72/Desktop/SABD/semester%202/studio%20design/project%202/PROJECT%202A/CASE%20STUDY%20(RED%20SUN%20PAVILION%202010)/2014-

    06-23PavilionPressPackwithSponsors-%20Final.pdf (Accessed: 27 April 2016). (No Date) Available at: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_oJiC4AmR4UU/TDt9MlClk5I/AAAAAAAAAlI/nFCtbVgNARw/s1600/DSC00101.JPG (Accessed: 27 April 2016).

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