Studii de adopŃie şi gemelare în genetica comportamentală

GeneralităŃi

• Genetica comportamentală + aplicaŃii ale geneticii moleculare în psihologie = psihologie genomică (Canli, 2007)

• Trecut lung, istorie scurtă...• 1960, J. L. Fuller & W. R. Thompson, prima

carte numită Behavior Genetics• 1970, înfiinŃarea Behavior Genetics Association

şi a jurnalului Behavior Genetics

Puncte de vedere…“I think I may say, that all the Men we meet with, nine parts of ten are

what they are, good or evil, useful or not, by their Education” (John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1690)

“There is no escape from the conclusion that nature prevails enormously over nurture when the differences of nurture do not exceed what is commonly to be found among persons of the same rank of society and in the same country.” (Francis Galton, Inquiries into Human Faculty, 1883)

“Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief, and yes,even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants,tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.” (John B. Watson, Behaviorism, 1925)

Studii de adopŃie

Studii gemelare

• rMZ = h2 + c2

• rDZ = (1/2) h2 + c2

• h2 = 2 (rMZ – rDZ)

Studii gemelare

• rMZ = h2 + c2

• rDZ = (1/2) h2 + c2

• h2 = 2 (rMZ – rDZ)

Exemple (studii gemelare)

Plomin, Owen, & McGuffin, Science, 1994

Exemple (studii gemelare)

Plomin, Owen, & McGuffin, Science, 1994

Exemple (studii gemelare)

Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart

Tellegen et al., JPSP, 1988

Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart

Tellegen et al., JPSP, 1988

Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart

Bouchard et al., Science, 1990

Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart

Bouchard et al., Science, 1990

“Psychologists have been surprised by the evidence that being reared by the same parents in the same physical environment does not, on average, make siblings more alike as adults than they would have been if reared separately in adoptive homes. It is obvious that parents can produce shared effects if they grossly deprive or mistreat all their children. It seems reasonable that charismatic, dedicated parents, determined to make all their children share certain personal qualities, interests, or values, may sometimes succeed.”

Bouchard et al., 1990

Humans are “exploring organisms whose innate abilities and predispositions help them select what is relevant and adaptive from the range of opportunities and stimuli presented in the environment. The effects of mobility and learning, therefore, augment rather than eradicate the effects of the genotype on behavior.”

Martin et al., 1986