A community event that promotes fun and healthy academic competition among young people

STUDENT SPELLING LIST

A community event that promotes fun and healthy academic competition among young people

STUDENTS CONTACT: All high school students in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area Dr. Tamara M. Cooke Henry Public, private and homeschooled are welcome 301-892-2542 School uniforms are the accepted attire for contestants ScholasticO@wordconsultingllc.com RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE SO SPELLING BEE1

1. All words given in the competition will be from the Webster’s Third New International Dictionary. Although the words listed in this booklet are merely a guide, the bulk of the terms used in the competition come from this list.

2. Participants are high school students. 3. One point will be given for each word spelled correctly. 4. Each student must spell one word per round. 5. Words must be pronounced according to the diacritical markings in Webster’s or an Internet audio pronunciation. 6. The pronouncer will give the speller a word; the speller should pronounce the word both before and after spelling it. Spellers will not be

penalized for failing to pronounce a word. 7. The speller may ask for a pronunciation of the word and a definition. However, spellers are limited to three requests, including definitions,

origins and all other information about the word. Root word questions will not be entertained.

1 These guidelines are based on contest rules of the Scripps National Spelling Bee and from other sources.

A community event that promotes fun and healthy academic competition among young people

8. If a speller starts to spell a word, he or she may stop and start over, retracing the spelling from the beginning. However, the speller can only change the sequence of the letters once. If the sequence is changed in a second or third attempt at respelling, the action will be counted as a miss.

9. Some words have alternate spellings that are uncommon or obscure. Words will be considered correct only when spelled as they are presented on the official spelling lists, which are the preferred and common spellings as well as the spellings that all students have been given.

10. If a word has one or more homonyms, the pronouncer shall indicate which word is to be spelled. However, any correct spelling of a homonym will be accepted if the pronouncer inadvertently forgets to define or distinguish the word.

11. Spellers are given no more than 2-minute time periods on a word, beginning when the pronouncer first pronounces the word. If the speller has begun to spell the word when a tone sounds to indicate the end of the 2 minutes, the judges will permit the speller to complete the spelling, provided that the spelling proceeds without delay.

12. There will be two time checks – at 1 minute and at 30 seconds. 13. Spellers can miss one word. When a speller misses the second word, he or she is immediately dropped from the competition. The next

speller will be asked to spell that same word and so on until the end of that round. If spelled correctly, the pronouncer will give a new word to the next speller.

14. If none of the contestants in the round spells the word correctly, then a new word will be given and all spellers will remain in the competition.

15. The pronouncer can move to the Championship words at the beginning of any round that has either two or three spellers remaining. In the course of using these words, if there is no champion, then the remaining spellers will be declared co-champions.

16. The champion speller is selected if he or she is the only speller remaining in the competition at the start of a round. 17. A judge’s decision may be appealed by a parent or legal guardian who disputes the elimination of a speller. An appeal form must be filed with

the judges and a decision will be made at the end of the contested round and before a new round begins. 18. The judges are in complete control of the competition. Their decisions will be final on any question.

TO REPEAT CHAMPIONSHIP PROCEDURES:

A community event that promotes fun and healthy academic competition among young people

At the end of the spelling bee, when one speller misspells a word, the other speller will be given an opportunity to spell the same word. If the second speller spells that word correctly, plus the next word on the pronouncer’s list, then the second speller shall be declared the champion. If both spellers misspell the same word, both shall continue in the competition, and the one who first misspelled the word shall be given a new word to spell. The champion is not the champion until he or she corrects the misspelling of the other speller and then correctly spells the next word on the list. In summary, the champion must spell two words in a row correctly.

 2019 SCHOLASTIC OLYMPICS, INC. SPELLING LIST  Pronouncer Part of Speech Definitionsmayonnaise N dressing made of raw egg yolk, oil, vinegar and seasonings

may∙ on∙ naise | \ ˈmā‐ə‐ˌnāzcamouflage   cam∙ ou∙ flage | \ ˈka‐mə‐ˌfläzh N concealment of personnel or materiel from an enemy

vasculature  `vaskyələ, chű (ə) r           N the arrangement of blood vessels in an organ

fusillade N a discharge from a number of firearmsfu∙ sil∙ lade | \ ˈfyü‐sə‐ˌläd,

annihilation ə`nĩəlā shən        VB nullify, to cause to be of no effect

surveillance N close observationsur∙ veil∙ lance | \ sər‐ˈvā‐lən(t)s

grotesquely grō tesk‐ly   ADV fanciful, bizarre

narcissistic adj excessive admiration or love of oneselfnar∙ cis∙ sis∙  c | \ ˌnär‐sə‐ˈsi‐s k

beleaguered   bə`lēgə (r ) ed              VT trouble, harass

guillotine N a cutting instrument, often used to behead prisonersguil∙ lo∙  ne | \ ˈgi‐lə‐ˌtēn

cathode `ka,thōd                       N the positive terminal of a galvanic cell

macadamia N nut from an Australian tree mac∙ a∙ da∙ mia | \ ˌma‐kə‐ˈdā‐mē‐ə‐

hallucinate hə`lűs’n,āt     VB to affect with visions or imaginary perceptions

unsheathe      un + `shēђ          VT to draw from or as if from a scabbard

cummerbund N a broad pleated sash, esp. one worn as formal dress15 cum∙ mer∙ bund | \ ˈkə‐mər‐ˌbənd

 2019 SCHOLASTIC OLYMPICS, INC. SPELLING LISTWord Pronouncer Parts of Speech Definitionscappuccino /ˌkapəˈCHēnō/ N hot espresso coffee with foaming steamed milk added

cap∙ puc∙ ci∙ nohypostasis  hī`pästəsəs          N something that settles at the bottom of a fluid

hy∙ pos∙ ta∙ sismuscadine `məskə ( r ) dən      N a grape of the southern U.S. 

mus∙ ca∙ dine chutney /ˈCHətnē/chut‐ney N pungent relish made of fruits, spices, herbsstomatal `stäməd∙’l ADJ of, or relating to plant stomata

sto∙ ma∙ tal algorithm /ˈalɡəˌriTHəm/ N a mathematical rule or procedure for solving a problem

al∙ go∙ rithmsubphylum sub + `‐filəm             N a category in biological classification 

sub∙ phy∙ lumserendipity ser∙en∙dip∙i∙ty N Making providential discoveries by accident

/ˌserənˈdipədē/aeronautic `a ( ə) rō nooir’no d∙ik          ADJ science dealing with aircraft operation

aero∙ nau∙  csgnosticism  `nästə, sizəm          N the thought and practice of various cults

gnos∙  ∙ cismalbatross al∙ ba∙ tross N a large web‐footed bird

 ˈal‐bə‐ˌtrȯssoliloquy so∙ lil∙ o∙ quy N dramatic discourse in which a character talks to himself, herself

  \ sə‐ˈli‐lə‐kwēhaberdashery `habə ( r ), dashə (r)         N goods sold by a dealer

hab∙ er∙ dash∙ erymorphogenetic `mo ( r ) fōjə ∙ik        ADJ relating to an organic form

mor∙ pho∙ ge∙ net∙ ic rorqual  ` rorkwəl               N any whale of the baleen family              

ror∙ qualinfinitesimal   ADJ immeasurably small

in∙ fin∙ i∙ tes∙ i∙ mal | \ (ˌ)in‐ˌfi‐nə‐ˈte‐sə‐mə

 2019 SCHOLASTIC OLYMPICS, INC. SPELLING LISTWord Pronouncer Parts of Speech Definitionshollandaise N a creamy sauce of butter, egg yolks, and lemon

hol∙ lan∙ daise | \ ˌhä‐lən‐ˈdāzkielbasa N smoked Polish sausage

kiel∙ ba∙ sa | \ kēl‐ˈbä‐səlithoglyph `lithə, glif              N an engraved stone

lith∙ o∙ glyphperestroika N program of economic & political reform in the Soviet Union

per∙ e∙ stroi∙ ka | \ ˌper‐ə‐ˈstrȯi‐kədyssodia    də`sōdēə             N a small genus of prairie herbs

Dys∙ so∙ dia | \ də̇ˈsōdēə\pumpernickel N a coarse, dark, slightly sour bread made of unbolted rye

pum∙ per∙ nick∙ el | \ ˈpəm‐pər‐ˌni‐kəlmesocnemic me| zō nēmik       ADJ of a shinbone

me∙ so∙ cne∙ micpulverize V to reduce to dust or powder by pounding or grinding

pul∙ ver∙ ize | \ ˈpəl‐və‐ˌrīzboucharde   bü`shard  N a tool for roughening or furrowing the surface of marble

bou∙ chardeRottweiler N large, powerful German‐bred dog

rott∙ wei∙ ler | \ ˈrät‐ˌwī‐lərsubjacency səb‘jās’nsē N the quality or state of being lower than not directly below

sub∙ ja∙ cen∙ cy occipital adj dealing with the back part of the head or skull

oc∙ cip∙ i∙ tal | \ äk‐ˈsi‐pə‐tᵊltheophobia  thē(,)ō + fōbēə           N dread of the wrath of God.

theo∙ phobiacrepuscular adj relating to twilight

cre∙ pus∙ cu∙ lar | \ kri‐ˈpə‐skyə‐lərprophylactic prō'fǝ lak'tik ADJ a device used to prevent conception or venereal infection

 2019 SCHOLASTIC OLYMPICS, INC. SPELLING LISTWord Pronouncer Part of Speech Definitionenervated ADJ drained of energy

ener∙ vate | \ i‐ˈnər‐vətsubrogate sub'rǝ gāt' V to put into the place of another; substitute for another

sub‐ro‐gatepulchritude N beauty

pul∙ chri∙ tude | \ ˈpəl‐krə‐ˌtüdvoluminous vǝ lōō'mǝ nǝs ADJ filling or sufficient to fill a volume; writing copiously

pusillanimous ADJ lacking in couragepu∙ sil∙ lan∙ i∙ mous | \ ˌpyü‐sə‐ˈla‐nə‐məs

ytterbium I tûr'bē ǝm N a rare metallic element forming compounds yttriumyt‐ter‐bi‐um

vomitorium N Exit or entrance in an ancient Roman theatrevom∙ i∙ to∙ ri∙ um | \ ˌväməˈtōrēəm

Ursprache N a parent language reconstructed from evidences of later languagesUr∙ spra∙ che | \ ˈu̇(ə)rˌshpräḵə\

zirconium zûr  kō'nē ǝm  N a metallic element resembling titanium chemicallyzir‐co‐ni‐um

bacteriophage N a fear of bacteriabac∙ te∙ ri∙ o∙ phage | \ bak‐ˈ r‐ē‐ə‐ˌfāj

ventriloquism ven tril'ǝ kwiz'ǝm N the art or practice of speaking with little or no lip movementven‐tril‐o‐quism

pogonophora N a class of marine wormsPo∙ go∙ noph∙ o∙ ra | \ ˌpōgəˈnäfərə\

amniocentesis am 'nē ō sen tē'sis N surgery guiding a hollow needle thru abdomen of a pregnant womanam‐ni‐o‐cen‐te‐sis

bromidrosiphobia N a fear of body odour   brō′mi‐drō′si‐fō′bē‐ăatrabilious Adj melancholy or bad tempered

at∙ ra∙ bil∙ ious | \ ˌa‐trə‐ˈbil‐yəs

 2019 SCHOLASTIC OLYMPICS, INC. SPELLING LISTWord Pronouncer Part of Speech Definitionaerophobia N fear of children

aero∙ pho∙ bia | \ ˌer‐ō‐ˈfō‐bē‐əstaphylococci N parasitic bacteria that causes boils and other infections

staph∙ y∙ lo∙ coc∙ cus | \ ˌsta‐f(ə‐)lō‐ˈkä‐kəshaecceitas heck‐see‐uh‐tass N status of being an individual or a particular nature

haec∙ ce∙ i∙ tas | \ hekˈsēəˌtas, hēk‐\horripilation N goose bumps; hair standing on end

hor∙ rip∙ i∙ la∙  on | \ hȯ‐ˌrip‐ə‐ˈlā‐shənhymeneal Adj relating to marriage

hy∙ me∙ ne∙ al | \ ˌhī‐mə‐ˈnē‐əleffigy ef'I jē N a representation or image, esp. sculptured, as on a monument

ef‐fi‐gyencephalitis en sef'ǝ lī'tis N inflammation of the substance of the brain.

en‐ceph‐a‐li‐tisamyloid N starch like;  waxy, translucent substance, composed of protein fibers

am∙ y∙ loid | \ ˈa‐mə‐ˌlȯidChaudfroid Shoh‐frwah N a jellied sauce used as a garnish for meat or fish

impuissant Adj powerless; feeble or weakim∙ puis∙ sant | \ (ˌ)im‐ˈpwi‐sᵊnt

gesundheit gǝ zŏŏnt'hīt INTERJ used to wish good health, esp. to a person who has just sneezedge‐sund‐heit

incarnadine Adj color (something) crimsonin∙ car∙ na∙ dine | \ in‐ˈkär‐nə‐ˌdīn

hippopotamus hip'ǝ pot' ǝ mǝs N large African mammal, hairless with thick body and short legs

fulguration V a flash like lightningful∙ gu∙ ra∙  on | \ ˌfu̇l‐g(y)ə‐ˈrā‐shən

crustaceous ADJ having, resembling, or being a hard crust or shel20 words crus∙ ta∙ ceous | \ ˌkrə‐ˈstā‐shəs

 2019 SCHOLASTIC OLYMPICS, INC. SPELLING LISTWord Pronouncer Parts of Speech Definitionslachrymal Adj connected with weeping or tears

lach∙ ry∙ mal | \ ˈla‐krə‐məlgrognard N An old soldier

gro∙ gnard | \ (ˌ)grō¦nyär\am 'ǝ thist N a purple or violet quartzam‐e‐thystmee‐uh‐roe‐litic Adj Irregular cavities into which well‐formed crystals project

demagoguery dem'ǝ gog'ǝ rē N practices of person who gains power by arousing people's emotions dem‐a‐gogu‐er‐y

Koinonia N Christian fellowship or body of believerskoi∙ no∙ nia | \ ˌkȯinəˈnēə

electrocardiogram i lek 'trō kär'dē ǝ gram' the graphic record produced by an electrocardiographe‐lec‐tro‐car‐di‐o‐gram

xylene N a liquid used in aviation gasolinexy∙ lene | \ ˈzī‐ˌlēn

circumvallate Adj surround with a rampart or wallcir∙ cum∙ val∙ late | \ ˌsər‐kəm‐ˈva‐ˌlātdil'I tänt  N a person who takes up an activity or subject merely for amusementdil∙ et∙ tante 

Ichneumon (iknoomeik nōō' mǝn N also called the African mongoose

xiphoid Adj Sword shapedxi∙ phoid | \ ˈzī‐ˌfȯid

loquacious lō kwā' shǝs ADJ talking or tending to talk much or freelylo‐qua‐cious

empyrean N the skyem∙ py∙ re∙ an | \ ˌem‐ˌpī‐ˈrē‐ən

mellifluous mǝ lif'lōō ǝs ADJ sweetly or smoothly flowingmel‐lif‐lu‐ous

amethyst 

miarolitic

dilettante 

 2019 SCHOLASTIC OLYMPICS, INC. SPELLING LISTWord Pronouncer Part of Speech Definitionxenogamy N type of flower, fertilization

xe∙ nog∙ a∙ my | \ zə̇ˈnägəmē\mez'ǝ nēn' N the lowest balcony or forward part of such a balcony in a theatermez‐za‐ninepak'I dûrm'   N any large, thick‐skinned, hoofed mammal, as the elephantpach‐y‐derm

piranha  pi rän' yǝ N small South American freshwater fish with sharp interlocking teeth pi‐ra‐nha

zounds \ ˈzau̇n(d)z Interjection an expression of surprise or indignation

sfelt ADJ slender, esp. gracefully slender in figure; lithe.\ ˈsvelt

tamarind tam'ǝ rind N thepod of a large tropical treetam‐a‐rind

sanguinary Adj involving or causing bloodshedsan∙ gui∙ nary | \ ˈsaŋ‐gwə‐ˌner‐ē

tempestuous  tem pes'chōō ǝs ADJ characterized by or subject to tempests; tumultuoustem‐pes‐tu‐ous

rapscallion N a mischievous personrap∙ scal∙ lion | \ rap‐ˈskal‐yən

insouiciance ADJ free from concern, worry or anxiety; carefreein∙ sou∙ ci∙ ance | \ in‐ˈsü‐sē‐ən(t)

Eudaemonism N A system of ethics aimed at producing happinesseu∙ dae∙ mo∙ nism | \ yü‐ˈdē‐mə‐ˌni‐zəm

amillennialism a‐mi‐len‐ee‐uh‐liz‐uhm  N a belief that there is no 1,000 year reign of Christ

appurtenance uh‐pur‐tn‐uhns N an addition to something more important; added thing; accessoryap∙ pur∙ te∙ nance | \ ə‐ˈpərt‐nən(t)s

WORD Pronouncer Part of Speech Definition

mezzanine

pachyderm

svelte 

 2019 SCHOLASTIC OLYMPICS, INC. SPELLING LISTetymology N The origin of a linguisic form

et∙ y∙ mol∙ o∙ gy | \ ˌe‐tə‐ˈmä‐lə‐jēFibromyalgia fī´brō mī al´jǝ N a chronic disease marked by fatigue, muscular pain

fi‐bro‐my‐al‐giaXenogenesis zen´ǝ jen´ǝ sis N generation of offspring different from the parent

xen‐o‐gen‐e‐sis perichondrium pĕr´ĭkŏn´drēǝm N The fibrous membrane covering the surface of cartilage 

per‐i‐chon‐dri‐um totipalmate tō´tĭpăl´māt´ ADJ Having webs connecting each of the four anterior toes, as in pelicans

 zygodactyl zī´gǝdăk´tǝl Having two toes projecting forward and two backwardzy‐go‐dac‐tyl

Borborygmus bȯr.bə.rig.məs N A rumbling of the intestines.bor‐bo‐ryg‐mus

Thromboembolism throm´bō em´bǝ liz ´ǝm     N blockage of a blood vessel by a thrombus in the blood streamthrom‐bo‐em‐bo‐lism

syringomyelia sǝ ring´gō mī ē´lē ǝ V spinal cord disease in which fluid‐filled cavity replaces nerve tissuesy‐rin‐go‐my‐e‐li‐a

encephalomyelitis en sef´ǝ lō mī´ǝ lī´tis     N Inflammation of the brain and spinal corden‐ceph‐a‐lo‐my‐e‐li‐tis

adamantine ADJ utterly unyielding or firm; hardad∙ a∙ man∙  ne | \ ˌa‐də‐ˈman‐ˌtēn

bacteriorhodopsin N a protein complex that contains retinalbac∙ te∙ ri∙ o∙ rho∙ dop∙ sin | \ bak‐ˌ r‐ē‐ə‐rō‐ˈdäp‐sin

cinemicrography N the cinematographic recording of microscopic picturescin∙ e∙ micrography

domiciliary ADJ taking place in one's homedo∙ mi∙ cil∙ i∙ ary | \ ˌdä‐mə‐ˈsi‐lē‐ˌer‐ē

endonuclease N enzymes that degrade DNAen∙ do∙ nu∙ cle∙ ase | \ ˌen‐dō‐ˈnü‐klē‐ˌās

WORD Pronouncer Part of Speech Definitionfibroadenoma N a benign tumor originating from glandular tissue

 2019 SCHOLASTIC OLYMPICS, INC. SPELLING LISTfi∙ bro∙ ad∙ e∙ no∙ ma | \ ˌfī‐(ˌ)brō‐ˌad‐ᵊn‐ˈō‐mə

gastroenterology N the study of diseases of digestive organsgas∙ tro∙ en∙ ter∙ ol∙ o∙ gy | \ ˌga‐strō‐ˌen‐tə‐ˈrä‐lə‐jē

haloperidol N a major antipsychotic agent used for schizophreniahal∙ o∙ per∙ i∙ dol | \ ˌha‐lō‐ˈper‐ə‐ˌdȯl,

ichthyophagy N practice of eating, subsisting on fishich∙ thy∙ oph∙ a∙ gi | \ ˌikthēˈäfəˌjī\

jurisprudence N science or philosophy of lawju∙ ris∙ pru∙ dence | \ ˌju̇r‐əs‐ˈprü‐dᵊn(t)s

kwashiorkor N a children's disease caused by protein and vitamin deficiencykwash∙ i∙ or∙ kor | \ ˌkwä‐shē‐ˈȯr‐kər

legerdemain N sleight of hand, trickeryleg∙ er∙ de∙ main | \ ˌle‐jər‐də‐ˈmān

mesothelioma N a malignant tumor of the covering of the lungme∙ so∙ the∙ li∙ o∙ ma | \ ˌme‐zə‐ˌthē‐lē‐ˈō‐mə

nidifugous ADJ leaving the nest shortly after hatchingni∙ dif∙ u∙ gous | \ nī‐ˈdi‐fyə‐gəs

oxyhemoglobin N chemical compound of hemoglobin and oxygen, gives blood red color/ˌäksēˌhēməˈɡlōbən,ˌäksēˈhēməˌɡlōbən/

parhelion N a bright spot on the solar halopar∙ he∙ lion | \ pär‐ˈhēl‐yən

quadripartite       ADJ divided into or consisting of four parts              quad∙ ri∙ par∙  te | \ ˌkwä‐drə‐ˈpär‐ˌtīt

ritornello N an orchestral interlude between arias, scenes or actsri∙ tor∙ nel∙ lo | \ ˌri‐tər‐ˈne‐(ˌ)lō

sphygmomanometer N an instrument used with a stethoscopesphyg∙ mo∙ ma∙ nom∙ e∙ ter | \ ˌsfig‐mō‐mə‐ˈnä‐mə‐tər

tuberculous ADJ an infectious disease that may affect any tissue of the bodytu∙ ber∙ cu∙ lous | \ tu̇‐ˈbər‐kyə‐ləs

 2019 SCHOLASTIC OLYMPICS, INC. SPELLING LIST

Word Pronouncer Part of Speech Definitions

antipyretic an'tē pī ret'ik Adj preventing fever

 kamikaze kä'mi kä'zē N a Japanese air force member on a special suicide mission

 euonymus yōō on'ǝ mǝs N any shrub or vine of the staff‐tree family

 chiaroscuro kē är'ǝ skyŏŏr'ō N the distribution of light and shade in a picture

succedaneum suk'si dā'nē ǝm N a substitute

prosopopoeia prō sō'pǝ pē'ǝ N personification, as of inanimate things

pococurante pō'kō kŏŏ ran'tē  N a careless or indifferent person

autochthonous ô tok'thǝ nǝs Adj aboriginal; indigenous

 appoggiatura ǝ poj'ǝ tŏŏr'ǝ N an embellishing note falling on the beat and resolving                        to a main melodic note

 stromatolite strō mat'l īt' N a laminated calcareous fossil structure

 scherenschnitte ˈshārənˌshnitə N the art of cutting paper into decorative designs

 stichomythia ˌsti‐kə‐ˈmi‐thē‐ə N dialogue delivered by two actors in alternating lines

 feuilleton \ˌfə‐yə‐ˈtōⁿ, ˌfər‐ ˌfœ‐\ N a novel printed in installments

 gesellschaft  gə‐ˈzel‐ˌshäft N community, society characterized by a particular relationship

 schistosomiasis \ˌshis‐tə‐sō‐ˈmī‐ə‐səs\ N severe endemic disease of humans in Africa and Asia

 zygapophysis \ˌzī‐gə‐ˈpä‐fə‐səs\ N an articular processes of the neural arch of a vertebra 

 2019 SCHOLASTIC OLYMPICS, INC. SPELLING LISTWord Pronouncer Part of Speech Definitions

xylophagous \zī‐ˈlä‐fə‐gəs\ Adj feeding on or in wood

kikastocracy \ˌkakə̇ˈstäkrəsē\ N government by the worst people

 dithyramb DITH‐ih‐ram N a usually short poem with an inspired wild strain

 hyperpyrexia \ˌhī‐pər‐pī‐ˈrek‐sē‐ə\ N exceptionally high fever

glossopharyngeal \ˌglä‐sō‐ˌfer‐ən‐ˈjē‐əl‐, ˌglȯ‐, ‐fə‐ˈrin‐j(ē‐)əl‐\ N pertaining to the tongue and pharynx

exophthalmos \ˌek‐säf‐ˈthal‐məs, ‐səf‐, ‐säp‐\ N     abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

 achondroplasia \ˌā‐ˌkän‐drə‐ˈplā‐zh(ē‐)ə\ N a form of dwarfism

cymotrichous sahy‐mo‐truh‐kuh s N having wavy hair

vivisepulture vivi∙ sepulture | \ ˌvivə+\ N burying alive

prospicience pro∙ spi∙ cience | \ prōˈspishən(t)s\      N looking forward; foresight