Student Notes: Lesson 2: Wireframe Creation - Freeyvonet.florent.free.fr/SERVEUR/COURS CATIA/CATIA...

Student Notes:

CATIA V5 Surface Design- Lesson 2: Wireframe Creation��

Copyright DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2-1

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Lesson 2: Wireframe CreationIn this lesson you will learn how to create wireframes.

Lesson Contents:

Case Study: Wireframe CreationDesign IntentStages in the ProcessReference Geometry Creation3D Curve CreationCurve Continuity Management

Duration: Approximately 3 Hours

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Case Study: Wireframe Creation

The case study for this lesson is ‘Toy car’. The focus of this case study is to create a wireframe model of a toy car as the first stage of concept designing .You will build the model in Generative Shape Design workbench using the required wireframe tools.

You will be given the set of reference elements using which you will create 3D wireframe geometry.

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Design Intent

� Create a quick model of the car considering all the dimensions of the car. This is to understand the overall shape of the model while designing it.

• Create reference boxes of the size required, using a curve mesh.

� Create feature lines on the model to understand the shape and visual characteristics of the car.

• Create a spline and connect a curve to form 3D feature lines

The design intent is to create wireframe model of a toy car at concept stage. While you create wireframe model, you will practice several wireframe creation tools.

The model should meet the following design intents:

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Stages in the Process

The following steps are used to perform the case study:

1. Create the wheel features of the car.

2. Create bonnet feature curves.

3. Create lower door features.

4. Create roof features

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Step 1: Reference Geometry Creation

In this step, you will learn about reference geometries and how to create them.

Use the following steps:1. Reference Geometry

Creation2. 3D Curve Creation3. Curve Continuity

Management

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What is a Reference Geometry?

Reference geometries are the basic elements, which provide a stable support to your geometry.

As the design matures, the designer can use these initial reference elements to design more intricate wireframe and surface geometries. A reference geometry can be used to limit and control the overall size of the part.

Reference elements can be renamed based on its functionality in the model, thus helping you to identify and reuse it at any stage of the design process.

It is important to rename the Reference elements, in order to make the model easy to understand during concurrent engineering.

Let us see an example of reference geometry and discover the simple features that can be used to create it (L2_CONCEPTS.CATPart/REFERENCE_GEOMETRY)

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Type of Reference Geometries (1/4)

Following is the list of Point creation options:

Polar Extremum

Extremum

Points and PlanesRepetition

Point

Name

You can create an element that represents the minimum or maximum radius, or angle to a reference of a contour. In the example shown, a minimum radius point is created on the arc, using the plane as the support and the sketch origin and H axis for direction.

You can create points, edges or faces that represent the minimum or maximum locations along a curve, a surface or a pad feature. In the example shown, the point represents the maximum location along the curve in the direction shown.

You can create multiple points along a curve, a line or an edge. In the example shown, four points are created equidistant from each other on a spline.

You can create a point at any location in the 3D space by specifying references and selecting the type.

DescriptionGeometryIcon

Direction

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Following is the list of Line creation options:

Polyline

Axis

Line

Name

You can create a Polyline by joining two or more points, forming a line made up of several connected segments. These linear segments can also be connected by a blending radii.

You can create an axis through the existing circular elements.

You can create a line by specifying the references based on the selected type. In the example shown, a line is created between two existing points.

DescriptionGeometryIcon

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Following is the list of Plane creation options:

Creates a plane parallel to a reference plane, offset at a distance.

Offset Plane

Creates a plane parallel to a reference plane passing through a specified point.

Parallel Plane through a Point

Creates a plane at an angle to a reference plane, based on the rotation axis.

Plane at an Angle or Normal to another Plane

Creates a plane passing through three point.Plane through Three Points

Creates a plane passing through two lines.Plane through Two Lines

DescriptionGeometryType

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Following is the list of Plane creation options (continued):

DescriptionGeometryType

Creates a plane passing through a point and a line.

Plane through a Point and a Line

Creates a plane defined as a mean through three or more points.

Mean Plane through a Point

Creates a plane by defining the components of the plane equation.

Plane by an Equation

Creates a plane tangent to a surface passing through a point.

Plane Tangent to a Surface

Creates a plane normal to a curve at a specified point.

Plane normal to a Curve

Creates a plane passing through a planar curve.

Plane through a Planar Curve

Let us see an example of reference geometry and discover the simple features that can be used to create it (L2_CONCEPTS.CATPart/ REFERENCE_GEOMETRY)

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What is a Local Axis?

A local axis is a user-defined axis system that can be used to define local coordinates. For example, it is often easier to build a point by coordinates with respect to a local axis rather than creating it in the absolute coordinates system. An axis system can automatically be generated when a new part is created. This axis system is defined at the origin of the model and uses the default reference planes for direction.

Local Axis System

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Types of Local Axis Systems

C B

AThe following types of local axis systems can be defined:

A. The Standard axis system is defined by an origin and three orthogonal directions.

B. The Rotation axis system is defined by an origin, three orthogonal directions, and an angle based on the selected reference.

C. An Euler axis system uses Euler angles to define its orientation.

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Creating a Local Standard Axis

1. Select the Axis System icon.

2. Select the local axis origin point.

3. To set an axis direction, select the X axis field and define X direction of the Axis System.

4. Select in the Y axis field and define Y direction of Axis System (The direction of the third axis will automatically be defined based on the previous selections).

5. Select the Reverse option to reverse the axis direction, if necessary.

6. Click OK to create the axis.

Use the following steps to create a local standard axis system:

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Setting a Local Axis as Current

1. By default, the last created axis system becomes the active system. The axis system that is current, is highlighted in the specification tree, and is displayed with solid lines on the model. All other axis systems are displayed as dashed lines on the model.

2. To change the active axis system, right-click on the system that needs to be made current and select Axis System.x object > Set as Current.

Let us see an example of axis system use(L2_CONCEPTS.CATPart/AXIS_SYSTEM)

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Step 2: 3D Curve Creation

Use the following steps :

In this section, you will learn what are Curves and Wireframes, and how to create them.

1. Reference Geometry Creation

2. 3D Curve Creation3. Curve Continuity

Management

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Concept of Curve Continuity

A curve is said to be Continuous when the vertices of two curves join to form a single curve.The Continuities are of three types:

A. Point Continuity: If the distance between two vertices of the connecting curve is within (Less than) specified CATIA V5 tolerance, then the curves are said to be Point Continues.

B. If the angle between two normal curves at the connecting points is equal to zero or 180deg then the curves are said to be Tangent Continues.

C. Curvature Continuity: It is the ratio of the change in the angle of a tangent that moves over a given arc to the length of the arc.

A

Point Discontinuity Point Continuity

B

C

Tangent Discontinuity Tangent Continuity

Curvature Discontinuity

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The Tension Concept

Let us understand the impact of tension on a curve with an example of Connect curve.

A. The tension value at curve 2 is kept constant at default value (T=1) and the tension value at curve 1 is varied.

B. The tension value at curve 1 is kept constant at default value (T=1) and the tension value at curve 2 is varied

• You will observe that when the tension value increases from T1 to T4 the connect curve (constrained with tangent continuity) changes its curvature. You can apply different tension values at both the ends to attain desired shape of the curve.

• The curve still maintains the continuity constraints with its parent curve at different tension values.

T1 Constant

Curve 2

Curve 1

Changing Tension

T1T2

T4T3B

Observations:

In Generative Shape Design (GSD), you can apply different tension values to curves to achieve the required shape of the curve.

See the influence of the tension(L2_CONCEPTS.CATPart/TENSION)

T1 Constant

T1T2

T3T4

Curve 1

Curve 2

Changing Tension

A

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Curves Created from Scratch

In GSD you can create primary curves, independent of the existing curves in the part. These curves are created from scratch using the reference elements as inputs.You can create a curve from scratch using the following tools.

Creates a single element consisting of multiple line segments.

DescriptionTools

Polyline

Spine

Spiral

Helix

Circle

Spline

Geometry

Creates a curve normal to a list of ordered planes or planar curves

Creates a spiral curve defined on a support

Creates a helical curve oriented by an axis.

Creates a complete or partial circle by defining parameters such as center, radius and tangency.

Creates a curve passing through points on which you can impose tangency conditions.

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Creating a Spline

1. Select the Spline icon.

2. Select the first point of the Spline.

3. Successively, select the points through which the spline should pass. In this case, the spline defines the shape of the bottle.

4. Select a. The tangency direction at the start

and end points of the spline.b. By default, the tension value of the

spline at each point is 1. Modify the tension values at the start and end points to get the desired shape of the bottle.

5. Click OK to generate the Spline.

Let us see how to create a Spline.

In this example we have a set of points as reference elements to create the Spline.Use the following steps to create a Spline:

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2

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4b

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Curves for Connecting Existing Curves

In many design cases, you come across situations where you may have to:A. Create a connecting curve between two existing curves and at the same time maintain the continuity

constraints. B. Create a round corner between two 3D curves. C. Use the spline to connect existing curves.

These curves can be created using GSD tools like Connect Curve and Cornerrespectively. You will now study (in detail) about these curves.

Connect Curve 3D Corner

3D Curve

A Corner created between two 3D curves

Curve connecting the existing curves

A B C Spline

Let us see these tools(L2.CATPart/CONNECTING)

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Creating a Connect Curve (1/2)

Connect Curve is a tool used to create an intermediate curve between two existing curves.

The designer can define the type of connection, such as Point, Tangency or Curvature, at each end of the connecting curve to achieve the desired continuity.

You can also apply the tensions at both the ends of the connecting curve to control the stiffness of the curve. Hence, the shape of the connect curve is driven by the tension applied on it.

Use the following steps to create a Connect Curve:

1. Select the Connect curve icon.2. Select the first point.3. If required, select the curve for the first

point.4. Select the second point.5. If required, select the curve for the second

point.

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Creating a Connect Curve (2/2)

6. Define the type of continuity for each point. Continuity can be defined as:

a. Pointb. Tangencyc. Curvature

7. If required, change the default tension values.8. Click OK to generate the Connect Curve.

Use the following steps to create a Connect Curve (continued..)

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Observe the change in continuity by changing the continuities.

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Curve 1 : Tangency Curve 2 : Tangency

Curve 1 : Tangency Curve 2 : Point

Curve 1 : Tangency Curve 2 : Curvature

Curve 1 : Point Curve 2 : Point

Curve 1 : Point Curve 2 : Curvature

Curve 1 : Curvature Curve 2 : Curvature

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Creating a 3D Corner

1Use the following steps to create the Corner curve:

1. Select the Corner icon.2. Select the first curve.3. Select the second curve.4. Select the support plane or surface (if you have opted for

Corner on support option).5. Select the direction (if you have opted for 3D Corner option).6. Specify the radius of the corner.7. Click OK to generate the Corner Curve.

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CATIA computes the direction automatically.

If you have opted for Corner type as ‘Corner on support’. You will be specifying the support.

Let us see these tools(L2.CATPart/CURVES_ON_SUPPORT)

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Curves Based on Supporting Surfaces

In certain design situations you may need curves that use a surface as a support. These curves are either derived from the surface or they use it as a supporting element to create other elements of the model.

Let us learn more about these curves using the following categorization:

Boundary curve

A. Curves such as Boundary, Intersect and Isoparametric can be derived using the existing surfaces.

B. Curves such as Parallel, Project, Corner, Reflect Line, Spiral and Conic lie on the surface.

C. While curves such as Line, Spline, and Circle can be created using surface as the supporting element (optional).

CircleSpline

Parallel Curve


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Creating a Boundary (1/2)

Boundary tool creates boundary curves on the internal or external surface edges.

While defining the boundary, only one element needs to be selected. Using the correct propagation type, the remaining boundary is automatically determined. The propagation of a selected edge can be defined by:

A

C

D

BA. Complete Boundary

B. Point continuity

C. Tangent continuity

D. No propagation

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Creating a Boundary (2/2)

Use the following steps to create a boundary:

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1. Select the Boundary icon.

2. Specify the propagation type.

3. Select the surface edge.

4. If necessary, limit the boundary curve using points or vertices.

a. Click on the Limit1 field.

b. Select the first limiting element in the geometry.

c. Click on the Limit2 field.

d. Select the second limiting element.

5. Click OK to generate the boundary curve.


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Creating a Parallel Curve (1/2)

Parallel Curve tool is used to create curves parallel to a reference curve on a specified support.

You can specify the offset value for a parallel curve. When specifying the offset value in constant field, CATIA calculates the distance using two modes. They are:

A. Geodesic Mode

B. Euclidean Mode

Support

Original Curve

Geodesic result

Euclidean result

Equal offset

Original Curve Geodesic result

Euclidean result

A

B

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Creating a Parallel Curve (2/2)

Use the following steps to create a Parallel Curve :

1. Select the Parallel Curve icon.

2. Specify the reference curve.

3. Select the support plane or surface on which the reference curve lies.

4. Specify the offset of the parallel curve either by

a. Specifying a value or using the graphic manipulator in the Constant field.

b. Selecting a point in the Point field (in both Geodesic and Euclidean mode) In which case, the Constant field is disabled.

5. Click OK to generate the Parallel Curve.

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Exercise 2A StartRecap Exercise

10 min

In this exercise you will practice how to create reference elements. You will create reference elements for the wireframe model of a Table Lamp. Detailed instructions for this exercise are provided.

By the end of this exercise you will be able to:

� Create reference elements such as Plane and Axis systems

� Create 2D wireframe elements such as Line and Point

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Exercise 2A Start (1/7)

1. Create a new part and access the Generative Shape Design workbench� To create a new part file, select Part from the New

dialog box.a. Click File > New.b. Choose Part from the New dialog box.c. Click OK.d. Enter the new part name as – Table Lampe. Click OK.

1c

1d

� To access workbench from start menu.a. Click Start > Shape >Generative

Shape Design.

1e

1b

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2. Create an Axis System � Create an axis system at the co-ordinate -

X = 200, Y= 0, Z= 0.a. Select Insert > Axis System.b. Right-click on Origin selection box to create

point for Axis origin as shown.c. In the Point creation dialog box specify the

the following coordinate -X = 200, Y= 0, Z= 0.

d. Click OK to create the Point.e. Click OK in the Axis system dialog box to

create an Axis system at a specified Point.f. Rename the Point created as Reference

Point.

200

2b

2c

2d

2e

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3. Create a set of Points� Create a set of points on YZ plane of Axis

System.1 a. Point A , H = 42, V = 28b. Point B , H = -21, V = 117c. Point C , H = -28, V = 155d. Point D , H = 46, V = 213e. Point E , H = -50, V = 0

Point D

Point C

Point BPoint A

Point E

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4. Create a Line� Create Line using Point-Direction option.

a. Select Line Icon.b. Select Point A as a point input.c. Select Z axis for direction. Use Reverse

Direction to change the direction of the line if needed.

d. Specify [30mm]. e. Click OK to generate a Line.

5. Create an Axis System

� Create an Axis system.2 at Point D.a. Select Insert > Axis System.b. Select Point D as Origin.c. Rotate the Axis System along X axis by

[-15 deg].d. Click OK.

4a

4b4c

4d

5b

5c

5d

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6. Create a set of Points� Create a set of points on XY plane of new Axis

system. a. Point F , H = -35, V = 50b. Point G, H = 35, V = 50c. Reference Point : Point D

6a

6b

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7. Create a Plane� Create a Plane, using Plane Type Parallel through point

Option.a. Select a Plane Icon.b. Select Plane type Parallel through point optionc. Select XY plane of Axis system.1 as parallel plane d. Select Point G as input point for Plane location.e. Click OK.

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7c7d

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7d

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8. Create a Point� Create a Point, using Point type On plane option.

a. Click on Point Icon.b. Choose Point type On Plane Option.c. Select Plane Created in the previous step as

support.d. Specify the coordinate- H = 0, V = 5e. Select Point A as the Reference point.f. Click OK.

� Rename the point as Point H.

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Exercise 2A Start : Recap

� Create reference elements such as Planes, Axis systems, Points and Lines.

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Exercise 2A EndRecap Exercise

20 min

In this exercise you will practice how to create 3D wireframe elements. You will complete the wireframe model of a Table Lamp. Detailed instructions for this exercise are provided.


� Create 2D wireframe elements such as Circle and Line

� Create 3D wireframe elements such as Spline and Connect curve

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Exercise 2A End (1/9)

1. Create a Circle� Browse and open the part

Exercise_2A_End_Initial.CATPart� Create a Circle with radius 70mm and the

Reference point as centre.a. Click on Circle Icon.b. Choose Reference point as Circle

center.c. Select XY plane of Axis System.1 as

support plane.

d. Specify [70mm] radius.e. Create a semi-circle from [0deg to 180

deg]f. Click OK to create Circle.

1a

1b

1c1d

1e

1f

R 70

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2. Create a Line� Create a Line using the Point-Direction option.

a. Select Line Icon.b. Select Point.E as a point input.c. Select X axis for direction.d. Specify [30mm] length and select Mirrored

extent option.e. Click OK to generate a Line.

30 30

2a

2b2c

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2e

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3. Create a Connect Curve� Create a Connect Curve between Circle and Line

(as shown).a. Click on Connect curve Icon.b. Select one end point of the semi-circle. By

default the circle is selected as the first connecting curve.

c. Select the corresponding end point of the Line. By default line is selected as the second connecting curve.

d. Change the direction of the connect curve, if required.

e. Change the tension value of the Connect curve to adjust the shape, if required.

f. Click OK to create Connect Curve

� Repeat the operation to connect two other ends of the Circle and Line.

3a

3b

3c

3f

Connect Curve

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4. Create a Spline

� Create a Spline using Point.A to Point.D.

a. Click on Spline Icon.

b. Select Point A as the first input point (as shown). Use previously created line to specify tangent direction.

c. Select Point.B and consecutively Point.C and D.

d. Reverse the tangent direction, if required.

e. Click OK to create the Spline.

� Rename the feature as Spline.A

4a

4b

4e

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5. Create a 2D Circle� Create a Circle with Two points and radius Option.

a. Click on Circle Icon.b. Select Point.D and then Point.G through which

the circle passes.c. Specify [50mm] radius and XY plane of Axis

System.2 as supportd. Click OK to create a Circle.e. Rename the circle as Circle.A.

� Repeat the operation for creating circle between Point. F and Point.D ( Rename the circle as Circle.B )

5a

5b

5c

5d

Circle A

Circle B

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6. Create a Line� Create a Line using Point- Direction option.

a. Select Line Iconb. Select Point.F as a point input.c. Select X axis for direction.d. Specify 5mm towards the direction shown.e. Click OK to generate a Line

� Repeat the operation to create the line from Point. G.

� Rename both lines as Line.A and Line.B

5mm

5mm

6a

6b6c

6d

6e

Line A

Line B

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7. Create a 2D Circle� Create a Circle with Two points and radius Option.

a. Click on Circle Icon.b. Select end points of the lines created in the previous

operation.c. Specify [33mm] radius. d. Select plane.1 previously created as a support.e. Click OK to create a 2D Circle.

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7e

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8. Create a Spline

� Create a Spline passing through the three points

a. Click on Spline Icon.

b. Select end Point of Line.A as the first input point (as shown).

c. Select Point.H

d. Select end point of Line.B.

e. Reverse the tangent direction, if required.

f. Click OK to create the Spline.

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8f

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8d

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9. Create a Corner

� Create a 3D Corner between Spline and Circle as shown.

a. Click on Corner Icon.

b. Select Circle.A as the first input element (as shown).

c. Select Spline.A as the second input element.

d. Specify [50mm] radius.

e. Specify Axis System.2 X axis as direction.

f. Click OK to create a Corner.

� Repeat the Operation to create a 3D corner between Spline.A and Circle.B. 3D Corner

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Exercise 2A End: Recap

� Create 2D wireframe elements such as Circle and Line.

� Create 3D wireframe elements such as Spline and Connect curve.

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Exercise 2BRecap Exercise

20 min

In this exercise, you will practice on some of the tools in 3D curves creation of GSD workbench.You will be provided with a set of points of a mirror shell model. You will be creating a basic curve using the points data. High-Level instructions for this exercise are provided.


� Create a 2D Spline and an Arc.

� Create a 3D Spline and a Connect curve

� Create a Combine curve and a Curve project.

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Exercise 2B (1/5)

1. Open the part. � Open an existing part file

Exercise_2B_Start.CATPart� The file consists of Scanned points and construction

planes.

1

2. Inspect the Point data with ‘Quick view’ Icons.� Select the FRONT, LEFT and TOP icons. You

should be able to determine that the green and red set of points are three dimensional, and the yellow and blue set of points are linear.

3. Project the points on the given planes.� Project the Green points on the Green and Pink

Construction planes.

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3

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Exercise 2B (2/5)

4. Create a partial curve on the Pink plane in a Sketcher using the points projected.

5. Create a sketch with a Spline using the projected points.

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5

6. Repeat steps 3 ,4 and 5 for Red set of points.� Project the Red points on the Pink and Red plane� Using these projected points create partial circles on

the Pink plane, and Spline on the Red plane using a sketcher.

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Exercise 2B (3/5)

9. Create a point on 3D Curve.

� Create a point on both the combine curves at a distance ratio of 0.1 from both the ends of the curve.

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8. Create Line over Yellow and Blue set of points.

� Create a Line using the point to point option.

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7. Combine 2D curve into 3D shapes.

� Use the Combine tool to create 3D curve from the first and second sketched curve.

� Similarly, combine the curves third and fourth to create a 3D curve.

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Exercise 2B (4/5)

At this stage the part should look like this.

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Exercise 2B (5/5)

11. Create a Curve Connect.

� Create a Connect Curve at the corner where the Red and Yellow points meet.

� Similarly, create a Connect Curve at the corner where the Green and Yellow points meet.

10. Create a 3D Spline.

� Create a Spline at the corner where the Red and Blue points meet.

� Similarly, create a Spline at the corner where the Green and Blue points meet.

Tangent Direction for Point2

Tangent Direction for Point1

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Exercise 2B: Recap

� Create a 2D Spline and an Arc.

� Create a 3D Spline and a Connect curve.

� Create a Combine curve and a Curve project.

Line

Combine Curve

Point on Curve

3D Spline

Connect Curve

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Exercise 2CRecap Exercise

15 min

In this exercise, you will practice how to create 3D wireframes with surface support. You will be given a datum surface of sunglasses. You will be creating the feature profiles of sunglasses using the surface support. High-level instructions for this exercise are provided.


� Extract Boundary of an existing surface.

� Create a parallel curve using the surface support.

� Create a Corner using the surface support.

� Create points on the surface.

� Create 3DSpline on a surface.

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Exercise 2C (1/3)

1. Open the part. � Open an existing part file. The file consists of

datum surface of sunglasses.a. Browse and open part

Exercise_2C_Start.CATPart

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2. Create a Geometrical Set.� Insert a Geometrical set and rename it as

Wireframes.

3. Create a boundary� Create a boundary at the top and bottom edge of the

sunglass surface (as shown) using the boundary tool.

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3

Boundary

Boundary

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Exercise 2C (2/3)

5. Create a Corner on the surface � Create a corner between the two parallel curves at

their intersection point using the Corner tool (5mm radius)

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6. Create Points on the surface� Create nine points on the surface (use more points if

required) using the Point tool.

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4. Create a Parallel curve� Create a parallel curve on the sunglass surface from

boundary curves using the Parallel curve tool (4mm offset).

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Corner

Points on surface

Parallel Curves

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Exercise 2C (3/3)

7. Create Spline on the surface� Create a Spline by joining all the previously created

points on the sunglass surface.

Spline

7

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Exercise 2C: Recap

� Extract Boundary of an existing surface.

� Create a parallel curve using the surface support.

� Create a Corner using the surface support.

� Create points on a surface.

� Create 3DSpline on a surface.

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Step 3: Curve Continuity Management

Use the following steps :

In this section, you will learn the importance of curve continuity and how to achieve it.

1. Reference Geometry creation

2. 3D Curve Creation

3. Curve continuity Management

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Importance of a Continuous Curve

Curve will always transmit flaw to the surface

Whenever you create a surface, it derives many of its characteristics from the wireframe used to generate it.

When a house is built, the foundation is an important element in determining the quality of the resulting structure. In surface design, the wireframe should be considered as the foundation of the design. Hence great care should be taken while constructing the wireframe, both inside and outside the sketcher.

Curve with small flaw, used to make a surface

Surfaces inherit the flaws of the parent curve. In a product development cycle, this surface would be further used in downstream operations such as prototyping, machining, tooling, etc thus affecting the final product.

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Geometrical Continuity versus Topological Continuity

Topology is the representation of the geometry as seen by the CAD system.

The accuracy of this representation depends on the merging distance of the modeler.

The merging distance is the minimum distance between two distinct geometrical points below which the modeler sees only one point.

Two distinct geometrical points (curves extremities)

D

D < merging distance:

One topological point (vertex)

D > merging distance:

Two distinct topological points

Topological point continuity between the two curves

Topological point discontinuity between the two curves

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When to Check the Continuity of Curves?

Curves generated in CATIA V5 are most likely to be continuous curves. CATIA provides Tolerant modelingfeatures which can overcome some of the problems that may occur at the time of curve creation.

Continuity check on curves is mostly used for curves imported into CATIA V5.

Many times when a curve is imported into CATIA V5, you may find problems such as: the curve is self-intersecting or disjoint, it has discontinuities in its tangency or curvature, leading to geometrical flaws in the model.

Hence, you should always check the curve for the above mentioned defects and repair the curve before proceeding with surface creation.

Many times the defect on the curve cannot be seen with the naked eyes. In GSD you have the tools to check the continuity of curves and measure the severity of the defects.

Discontinuous Curves

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Tools to Detect Geometric Connection in Curves

If you have imported a curve from another application, and you want to know whether it is good before creating surfaces from it, you can use the Connect Checker Tool and Porcupine Analysis tool to detect the discontinuities.

Connect Checker allows you to detect Point, Tangency, or Curvature discontinuities between two or more curves.

The Connect Checker can detect :

A. The Distance between two or more curvesB. The Tangency discontinuitiesC. The Curvature discontinuities D. An Overlap by highlighting the affected area

A

B

C

D

Let us see these tools(L2.CATPart/CURVE_CORRECTION)

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Analyzing Curve Connections in Boundary Mode

Use the following steps to check the connection between the curves:1. Select both the curves that have to be analyzed.2. Select the Connect Checker Tool icon.3. The Connect Checker Tool dialog box is displayed.

You can choose the type of analysis to be performed.

4. Click the Quick button.5. Select the desired check box to know the results.

a. Distance: In this case, distances more than 0.1mm are highlighted.

b. Tangency: Tangent discontinuities which are more than 0.5 deg are highlighted.

c. Curvature: Curvature discontinuities which are more than 5% are highlighted.

d. Overlapping option displays the status of overlap between two curves.

6. Click OK to finish the Curve Analysis.

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4

5a

5b

5c

5d

3

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Curve Connection Analysis in Projection Mode

The Projection mode for Curve-Curve analysis allows you to directly project the curve extremity of the first selected curve onto the second curve. The analysis is then performed between the curve extremity and its projection on the second curve.

The curve selected first is the ‘Source’ curve. The curve extremities of this curve will be projected on the second curve.

Similarly, the second curve selected is the ‘Target’ curve.

The display of the results will be similar to Curve-Curve connection analysis in Boundary mode.

Target Curve

Source Curve

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Analyzing Curve Connections in Projection Mode

Use the following steps to check the connection between curves:1. Select the Connect Checker icon.2. Select Curve-Curve Connection analysis type and

check the Projection check box.3. Select the Source curve and the Target curve.4. Click the Quick button.5. You can choose the type of analysis to be

performed: Distance (G0), Tangency (G1), Curvature (G2) or Curvature-Tangency (G3).

6. Define the tolerance range between 0 mm to 7 mm

7. Select the desired continuity type to know the results.

a. Distance (G0): In this case, distances more than 0.1mm are highlighted.

b. Tangency (G1): Tangent discontinuities which are more than 0.5 deg are highlighted.

c. Curvature (G2): Curvature discontinuities which are more than 5% are highlighted.

d. Curvature-Tangency (G3): Discontinuities which are more than 5% are highlighted

8. Click OK to finish the Curve Analysis.

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32

8

6

5

Source

Target

G0 continuity

7

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The Curve Smooth Tool

The Curve Smooth tool allows you to correct the discontinuities in a curve. It repairs flaws such as Point, Tangent and Curvature discontinuity of the curve.

When you select the curve to be smoothened, the tool indicates the discontinuities of the curve by displaying text labels on the curve.

You can obtain the desired smoothness of the curve by specifying the smoothness parameters in the Curve Smooth dialog box.

Let us learn about the smoothening parameters in detail in the subsequent pages.

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Using the Curve Smooth Tool (1/3)

When you select a curve to be smoothened, the command indicates the discontinuities on the curve. You can smoothen the curve to a desired extent by specifying the Threshold value. This value sets the upper limit of the discontinuity acceptance. Discontinuities of the curve below this value are considered for correction.

During the smoothening process, the curve gets deformed to achieve the specified continuity type. You can have a control on the deviation of the curve after deformation with respect to the input curve.

The threshold values for correcting Tangency and Curvature discontinuities in a curve can be specified in the dialog box. You can decide the threshold value based on the quality acceptance criteria of your design or by the smoothness required on the curve.

Smoothed Not Smoothed

Tangency Threshold

Not Smoothed Smoothed

Curvature Threshold value

Tangency Threshold

Curvature Threshold

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1. The discontinuities are indicated on the curve.2. When the required threshold values are

specified in the dialog box, a smooth curve is obtained depending on the specified values.

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2

When you select a curve to be smoothened,

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Use the following steps to create a smooth curve:

1. Select the Curve Smooth icon.2. Select the curve to be smoothened.3. Check the value of discontinuity on the curve

a. Point Continuityb. Tangent Continuityc. Curvature Continuity

4. Specify the Threshold value to attain the required smoothness of the curve (the threshold value also depends on the quality acceptance criteria for the curve in design context).

5. Specify the Maximum deviation value. This is the deviation you want to allow between input curve and the smoothened curve.

6. Specify the Continuity value.7. Click OK to get the smooth curve.

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Removing Unhealed Defects of a Curve

The erroneous area of the curve such as self intersecting or overlapping cannot be healed using curve smoothen tool. Such areas of the curve have to be cropped and reconnected to achieve a smooth curve.

In Generative Shape Design workbench (GSD), you can crop the erroneous area of the curve using the Split-Trim tools. And you can bridge the gap between the curves using curve connect tools.

For Example:

A

BA. The curve in the illustration is self intersecting. This can be cropped using the Split-Trim tools available in GSD workbench.

B. The curve in the illustration is intersecting with an another curve. In order to achieve a smooth connection between the two curves, you can split them and reconnect using connect curves.

Let us see these tools(L2.CATPart/CURVE_CORRECTION)

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To Sum Up

In the following slides you will find a summary of the topics covered in this lesson.

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Reference Geometry Creation

Reference geometries are the basic elements(planes, points, lines, axis), which provide a stable support to geometry. They can be used to design more intricate wireframe and surface geometries. A reference geometry can be used to limit and control the overall size of the part. They can also be renamed, based on its functionality in the model.

CATIA uses a fixed coordinate system called the Absolute Axis System. Any point in the model always has coordinates specific to this axis system. You can also define an arbitrary coordinate system located anywhere in three dimensional space and oriented in any direction. This user-defined axis system is called as Local Axis System. There can be multiple axis systems in a single part.

Side limiting plane

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3D Curve Creation

A curve is said to be Continuous when the vertices of two curves join to form a single curve. These are of following type:

A. Point Continuity:When the distance between two vertices of the connecting curve is within (less than) the specified CATIA V5 tolerance.

B.Tangent Continuity:When angle between two normal curves at the connecting points is equal to zero or 180deg.

C.Curvature Continuity:This is the rate of change of the angle of a tangent.

Curvature Discontinuity

Curvature Continuity

Point Discontinuity

Point Continuity

Tangent Continuity

Tangent Discontinuity

A

B

C

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Curve Continuity Management

A surface derives many of its characteristics from the wireframe used to generate it. A defective surface will propagate the defect in downstream operations such as prototyping, machining, tooling, etc thus affecting the final product. Hence care must be taken while constructing a wireframe.

Tools used to detect geometrical discontinuities of curves are:

Curve will always transmit flaw to the surface

Curve with small flaw, used to make a surface

� Connect Checker Analysis� Porcupine Curvature Analysis

The Curve Smooth tool allows you to correct the discontinuities in a curve up to a required extent by specifying the Threshold value. This value sets the upper limit of the discontinuity acceptance. The Maximum deviation value allows to set acceptable deviation between input curve and the smoothened curve. This tool repairs flaws such as Point, Tangent and Curvature discontinuity of the curve.

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Removing Unhealed Defects of the Curve

Two intersecting curves can be split and reconnect using connect curves.

The erroneous area of the curve such as self intersecting or overlapping cannot be healed using curve smoothen tool. In such situations you must remove the problem area and reconnect the curve to achieve a smooth result.

You can crop the erroneous area of the curve using the Split-Trim tools.

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Main Tools

2

4

1

2

3

4

6Analysis Toolbar

Connect Checker Analysis: Performsconnection analysis of curves and surfaces.

6

1Points: Creates a point or multiple points.

Line-Axis: Creates lines, axis or polyline.

Plane: Creates planes using different options.

Circle Conic: Creates 3D curves.

Curves: Creates 3D curves like Spline, Helix and Spiral.

Wireframe Toolbar

5

3

5

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Exercise 2DRecap Exercise

15 min

In this exercise you will perform the curve connect analysis on a set of imported curves. You will also repair the defective areas of the curve and make it smooth. Detailed instructions for this exercise are provided.


� Perform Connect Checker Analysis

� Create a Smooth curve.

� Remove the defective areas of the curve

� Fill the gap between the two curves using Connect curve.

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Exercise 2D (1/7)

1. Open the part.� Exercise_2D_Start.CATPart

2. Perform Connect Checker Analysis.� Analyze each imported curve for its connections

and continuity.a. Click on Connect Checker Analysis Icon and

select Curve-Curve Connection type.b. Select the Boundary check box.c. Specify the value for Distance (G0), Tangency

(G1) and Curvature (G2) above which the defects are highlighted.

d. Select each curve to check its connection.e. Click OK to keep the result in the specification

tree.� You will observe that the Blue curves in a set are

having defects.

2C

2a

Tangent Discontinuity Curvature Discontinuity

2b

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Exercise 2D (2/7)

Results of Connect Checker Analysis.

Curve4

Curve1Curve2

Curve3

Curve5

73.44%8.036 deg

Curvature DiscontinuityTangent Discontinuity

Curve 5

25.16%11.016 deg

Curvature DiscontinuityTangent Discontinuity

Curve 4

57.84%Curvature DiscontinuityCurve 3

29.873 degTangent DiscontinuityCurve 2

87.78%Curvature DiscontinuityCurve 1

SeverityDefectsCurve

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Exercise 2D (3/7)

3. Smoothen the defective curves� Correct the defects of Curve.1 using Curve Smooth

tool keeping the continuity type as Curvature.a. Click on Curve Smooth Icon.b. Select the Curve.1.c. Select Continuity type as Curvature.d. Click OK to get a continuous smooth curve.

� CATIA computes the threshold value for correcting Curvature defects, when the continuity type selected in the panel is Curvature.

3a

3b

3c

3d

Curve4

Curve1Curve2

Curve3

Curve5

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Exercise 2D (4/7)

4. Smoothen the curves 4 and Curve 5 using Continuity Threshold.� Curve. 4 has Tangency and Curvature defects.

Smoothen the defects using Threshold option.a. Click on Curve Smooth Icon.b. Select the Curve 4.c. Select Continuity type as Threshold.d. Specify the threshold value for tangency and

curvature. (For tangency, defects lying below threshold value are healed. For curvature, defects lying above threshold value are healed)

e. Click OK to get a continuous smooth curve.� Repeat the operation on Curve.3 and Curve.5 to

get a smooth curve.

4a

4b

4c

4d

4e

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Exercise 2D (5/7)

5. Remove the self intersecting areas of curves which cannot be smoothened by the Smooth tool.� Extract the two intersecting parts of the Curve.2.

a. Click on the Extract icon.b. Select both sides of the defective curve as

shown. (Two curves are extracted.)c. Click OK.

Curves to be Extracted

5a

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Exercise 2D (6/7)

� Create two Points on either sides of the defect area.d. Click on Point Icon.e. Select Point On Curve option.f. Position the Point as shown.g. Click OK .

� Split the curve at both the points. The defective area is removed from the curve. Hide the Parent curve (Curve .2).

Point 1

Point 2

Curve Split at Points

5f

5d

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Exercise 2D (7/7)

6. Fill the gap created between the curves.� Connect the two curves using Connect Curve.

a. Click on Connect Curve Icon.b. Select end Point of the first curve.c. Select end Point of the second curve.d. Reverse direction, if required.e. Select Trim Elements option.f. Click OK .

End Point 1

End Point 2

6a

6b 6e6f

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Exercise 2D: Recap

� Perform Connect Checker Analysis.

� Create a Smooth curve.

� Remove the defective area of the curve.

� Fill the gap between the two curves using Connect curve.

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Exercise 2ERecap Exercise

15 min

In this exercise, you will be provided with a curve which has to be analyzed for its continuity and connections. No instructions will be provided for this exercise.


� Check continuity of a curve using Connecter checker.

� Perform the Porcupine analysis on a curve to check its CurvatureContinuity.

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Exercise 2E

1. Load the start data.� Exercise_2E_Start.CATPart

2. Analyze the Section Curve of a car’s bumper for its geometrical discontinuities.� Perform Connect Checker analysis to

understand the discontinuities on the curve.� Perform the Porcupine analysis to check the

inflection points and curvature continuities.� Smoothen the curve using the Curve Smooth

tool.

3. Analyze the Airfoil curve for its connections and continuities using Curve Connect Checker.� Perform connect checker analysis to understand

the discontinuities.� Smoothen the curve using the Curve Smooth

tool.

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Exercise 2E: Recap

� Check continuity of the curve using Connect checker.

� Perform the Porcupine analysis on a curve to check its curvature continuity.

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Case Study: Wireframe CreationRecap Exercise

30 min

Using the techniques you have learnt in this lesson and previous exercises, create the model without detailed instruction.

� Create a quick model of the car considering the overall dimensions of the car.


In this exercise you will practice with the Wireframe creation tools.

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Do It Yourself: Wireframe Creation (1/7)

1. Open the given part consisting of reference elements to build a wireframe of the model of a Toy Car.a) Browse through the files and open the model

Case_Study_Start.CATPart

1

Reference lines (Boxes)

Reference Points

Reference Planes

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2. Create a front and back wheel curve.a. Create a Circle at the point shown with a plane

support of radius 60mmb. Create a part Circle with the same inputs from

0 deg to 155 deg. and Radius = 70mm.a. Create a Line from the center of the circle, length

375mm along Y axis.b. Create a Circle at the end point of the line as a

center of radius 60mm (with initial plane support) c. Create a part Circle with the end point of Line as

center with start angle 75 deg and End angle 180 deg. Radius = 70 mm (with initial plane support)

2a

2b

2c

2d

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3. Create a Corner between elements.a. Create a corner between the first part circle and

line as shown. Specify the radius 20mmb. Create a corner between the second part circle

and line as shown. Specify the radius 20mm

4. Create a Connect Curve between first part circle and point on reference curve.a. Specify the tension at both the ends (if required)

to achieve desired shape.b. Specify curvature continuity option.

3a

3b

4a

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5. Create a Connect Curve between Second part circle and point on reference curve.a. Specify the tension at both the ends (if required)

to achieve the desired shape.b. Specify the curvature continuity option.

6. Create a Point on the line as shown.a. Create a point at a distance ratio of 0.3.

7. Create a Spline to form a Bonnet feature line.a. Create a Spline passing through the points

shown in the image.b. Specify the tangent direction and modify the

tension values to attain the desired shape.

5

Point

Point 1

Point 2

Point 3

6

7

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8. Create a body shell.a. Create a Point on Spline created in previous

operation at a distance ratio of 0.4.b. Create a Plane passing through three points as

shown.c. Create a sketch of a three-point arc passing

through these three points.

8a

8c 8b Point 2

Point 1

Point 3

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9. Create a window and wind shield features.a. Create a Point on the Spline created in the

previous step at a distance ratio of 0.3.b. Create a Point on the Spline created in the

previous point at a distance ratio of 0.7.c. Create a Point on the Spline created in the

previous point at a distance ratio of 0.9.d. Create a line between two points as shown.e. Create a Plane parallel to XY plane at the end

point of the line previously created.f. Create a sketch on the plane created in the

previous step as shown.g. Create a part circle joining the end point of the

sketched curve and mid-point of the reference curve. Specify radius 100mm.

9a

9d

9b

9c

9e

9f

9g

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9. Create a window and wind shield features (continued…).

h. Create the lines up to YZ planes from a specified point.

i. Create a 3D Corner at left corner of front wind shield. Specify radius of 20mm.

j. Similarly, create a 3D corner at top-left corner of the front wind shield. Specify radius 20mm.

k. Similarly, create a 3D corner at both the corners of the back wind shield. Specify radius 20mm.

9h

9i

9j

9k

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Case Study: Wireframe Creation Recap

� Create a quick model of the car considering the overall dimensions of the car.


Student Notes: Lesson 2: Wireframe Creation - Freeyvonet.florent.free.fr/SERVEUR/COURS CATIA/CATIA...

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Transcript of Student Notes: Lesson 2: Wireframe Creation - Freeyvonet.florent.free.fr/SERVEUR/COURS CATIA/CATIA...