STUCTURELarge span area

Loads acting onto a structural systems 1. Dead load2. Live load3. Wind load4. Stress created by temperature differences5. Stress created by other form of disruptionincluding ground movement, vibration,deformation or earthquake

How long is long-span for buildings Structure with span larger than 20m can beregarded as long span structure for thisspan is usually unable to be achieved byordinary RC structure.

Materials suitable for various forms of long Materials suitable for various forms of longspan and complex structure span and complex structure1. All reinforced concrete including precast2. All metal (e.g. mild-steel, structural steel,stainless steel or alloyed alumimum,3. All timber4. Laminated timber5. Metal/RC combined6. Plastic-coated Textile material7. Fiber reinforced plastic

Common Structural Forms Common Structural Formsfor Long Span Building Structures for Long Span Building Structures1. Insitu RC, tensioned2. Precast concrete, tensioned3. Structural steel – erected on spot4. Structural steel – prefabricated and installed on spot5. Portal frame – insitu RC6. Portal frame – precast7. Portal frame – prefabricated steel

One way to classify long-span andcomplicated structures-Form active systems-Vector active systems- Section active systems- Surface active systems

Form active structural systems Form active structural systems are systems of flexible, non-rigid matter, inwhich the redirection of forces is effected byparticular form design and characteristicform stabilizationExample of structures:1. Cable structures2. Tent structures3. Pneumatic structures4. Arch structures

Vector active structural systems Vector active structural systems. . . are systems of short, solid, straight linealmembers, in which the redirection of forcesis effected by vector partition, i.e. by multidirectionalsplitting of single force simplyto tension or compressive elements

Example of structures:1. Flat trusses2. Curved trusses3. Space trusses

Section active structural systems Section active structural systems are systems of rigid, solid, linear elements, in which redirection of forces is effected by mobilization of sectional forces

Example of structures:1. Beam structures2. Frame structures3. Slab structures

Surface active structural systems. . . are systems of flexible or rigid planesable to resist tension, compression orshear, in which the redirection of forcesis effected by mobilization of sectionalforces

Example of structures:1. Plate structures2. Folded structures3. Shell structures

Design of long span beamsThe use of long span beams results in a range of benefits, including flexible, column-free internal spaces, reduced foundation costs, and reduced steel erection times. Many long span solutions are also well adapted to facilitate the integration of services without increasing the overall floor depth.

Long-span buildings create unobstructed, column-free spaces greater than 30 metres (100 feet) for a variety of functions.

 -These include activities where visibility is important for large audiences (auditoriums and covered stadiums), where flexibility is important (exhibition halls and certain types of manufacturing facility), and where large movable objects are housed (aircraft hangars).

-Abhishek Mewada

SUBMITTED BY..

THANK YOU