7th Class: April 13, 2014Module 8 &9 Noun Clauses & Reported SpeechBonita Dilasari

STRUCTURE 2 – SPRING 2014

Universitas Terbuka Korea Selatan

MODULE 8NOUN CLAUSE

Class 6 : Noun ClausesNoun clause is a clause that plays the role of a noun. Like any noun, a noun clause can be a subject, an object, or a complement. In a sentence, a noun clause will be a dependent clause. In other words, a noun clause does not stand alone as a complete thought. Noun clause sbg subjek:His story was interesting. What he said was interestingThere are 3 groups of words that can be use to introduce noun clauses:

1. Question words :When, where, why, how, who, whom, which, whose

2. Whether if3. That

Noun clause sbg objek:I heard his story.I heard what he said.

Noun Clause with Question Words

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Noun Clause with Question WordsQuestion Noun ClauseWhere does she live? I don’t know where she lives.What did he say? I couldn’t hear what he said.When do they arrive? Do you know when they arrive?

Learning Points:1. Where she lives adalah objek dari kalimat

tersebut2. Do, did, does tidak dipergunakan dalam noun

clause

I don’t know where she livesS V O

where she lives Q S V

Beberapa noun clause mempunyai pola yang sama dengan kalimat tanya, seperti:

S V S VWho lives there? I don’t know who lives there.What happened? Please tell me what happened.Who is at the door? I wonder who is at the door.

Question Noun Clause

Q Aux S Q S AuxWho is she? I don’t know who she isWhat are these man? I don’t know what these man are

Question Noun Clause

Sementara beberapa lainnya harus mengalami perubahan pola:

Noun clause dapat digunakan sebagai subjek. Subjek dalam bentuk noun clause menggunakan singular verb. Question Noun Clause

What did he say? What he said surprised me. What should they do?

What they should do is obvious.

Noun Clause with Whether or If

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2

Noun Clause with Whether or IfDikembangkan dari yes or no question

Without ‘or not’ With ‘or not’I don’t know whether she will come.

I don’t know whether she will come or not.

I wonder whether he needs help.

I wonder whether or not he needs help.

I don’t know if she will come. I don’t know if she will come or not.

Pada noun clause with whether or if, kita bisa menambahkan kata ‘or not’.‘Or Not’ tidak mengubah makna kalimat, hanya memberi penekanan.

Question Words Followed by Infinitives

LEARNING ACTIVITY 3

Question Words Followed by Infinitives

• Question Words Followed by Infinitives memiliki makna yang sama dengan should – can/could.

Should – Can/Could QW with InfI don’t know what I should do. I don’t know what to do.Pramuki can’t decide whether she should go or stay home.

Pramuki can’t decide whether to go or to stay home.

Please tell me how I can get to the Post Office.

Please tell me how to get to the Post Office.

Jamal told us where we could find it.

Jamal told us where to find it.

For example:

Noun Clause with That

LEARNING ACTIVITY 4

Noun Clause with That• Noun Clause with That berasal dari sebuah statement (pernyataan). Statement adalah ekspresi dari suatu gagasan.• Noun Clause with That dapat berperan sebagai subjek ataupun objek pada sebuah kalimat.

Statement Noun clause as subject

Noun clause as object

The word is round That the world is round is a fact

It is a fact that the world is round

She doesn’t understand Korean

That she doesn’t understand Korean is obvious

It is obvious (that) she doesn’t understand KoreanLearning point:

1. Jika digunakan sebagai subjek, “that” tidak boleh dihilangkan.

2. Namun bila digunakan sebagai objek, “that” dapat dihilangkan. Terutama dalam percakapan.

MODULE 9REPORTED

SPEECH

Class 6 : Reported SpeechReported speech adalah kalimat tidak langsung.Terdapat 3 jenis reported speech:1. Reported Statement2. Reported Question, and3. Reported Order

Reported Statement

LEARNING ACTIVITY 5

Reported Statement• Reported Statement adalah mempergunakan noun clause untuk melaporkan suatu pernyataan yang telah dikemukakan oleh seseorang

Quoted Statement Reported StatementShe said, “ I listen to the radio” She said (that) she listened to the

radioShe said, “ I am listening to the radio”

She said (that) she was listening to the radio

She said, “ I have listened to the radio”

She said she had listened to the radio

She said, “ I listened to the radio” She said she had listened to the radio

She said, “ I will listen to the radio”

She said she would listen to the radio

She said, “ I am going to listen to the radio”

She said she was going to listen to the radio

She said, “ I can listen to the radio”

She said she could listen to the radio

She said, “ I may listen to the radio”

She said she might listen to the radio

She said, “ I must listen to the radio”

She said she had to listen to the radio

She said, “ I should listen to the radio”

She said she should listen to the radio

Reported StatementLearning Point:1. Apabila reporting verb dalam bentuk past, verb pada noun

clause juga dalam bentuk past.2. The verbs: could, should, would, might, needn’t, ought to,

used to biasanya tidak berubah.3. Dalam percakapan, jika percakapan sedang berlangsung,

tidak ada perubahan tenses → A :“what the teacher just said? I cant hear?” B : “He said he wants us to read”.

4. Present tense tetap digunakan jika membicarakan general truth → She said that the world is round.

5. Apabila reporting verb dalam bentuk simple present, present perfect atau future, kata kerja dalam noun clause tidak berubah.

Quoted Statement Reported StatementShe says, “I watch TV everyday”

She says she watches TV everyday

She has said, “I watch TV everyday”

She has said she watches TV everyday

Reported Statement• Say and TellLearning Point:1. Say langsung diikuti oleh noun clause2. Tell diikuti oleh (pro)noun setelah itu baru noun

clauseExample:Lucy told that she was happy → salah!Lucy told me that she was happy → benarLucy said me that she was happy → salah!Lucy said (to me) that she was happy → benar

Reported Question

LEARNING ACTIVITY 6

Reported Question – Yes/No Question• Menggunakan noun clause untuk melaporkan suatu pertanyaan

Learning point:1. Menggunakan ask bukan say atau tell. Atau

dapat jg menggunakan want to know, wonder atau inquire

2. Menggunakan whether/if untuk memperkenalkan noun clause

3. Pronoun object (kata ganti objek) dapat dihilangkan setelah askQuestion Reported Question

Sandi said, “Are you alright?”

Sandi asked me whether/if I was alrightSandi wanted to know if I was alrightSandi wondered whether I was alrightSandi inquire whether or not I was alright

Reported Question – Question WordsLearning point:1. Menggunakan ask bukan say atau tell.2. Langsung menggunakan kalimat Tanya3. Perhatikan perubahan subject dan pronoun!

Question Reported QuestionShe said, “Where do you live?” She asked me where I lived.She said, “What is your name?” She asked me what my name.She said, “How old she is?” She asked me how old she was.She said, “What do you do?” She asked me what I did.

Reported Order

LEARNING ACTIVITY 7

Reported Order•Menggunakan noun clause untuk melaporkan kalimat perintah, ajakan, undangan atau permintaanDirect Order Reported OrderJamal said, “Please come to my party!”

Jamal invited me to come to his party

My teacher said, “You should learn more!”

My teacher advised me to learn more.

Pattern pada reported order:Jamal invited me to come to his party S + reporting verb + (pro)noun object + infinitive phraseKata-kata yang dapat berperan sebagai reporting verb:AllowBegChallengeConvinceDirectEncourage

ExpectInstructPersuadeUrge

What did they say?