Struggle for Independence

inNIGERIAKENYA

SOUTH AFRICA

Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa were colonized by

Britain (United Kingdom).

After being colonies for decades, many people in Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa became influenced by the pan-Africanist movement.

Pan-Africanism movement is the idea that people of African descent should unite and work together for their freedoms.

As a result, many Africans became Nationalists, and began struggling with Europeans for their independence.

Nationalism is the strong pride in one’s nation (country) or ethnic group.

NIGERIA

NIGERIA

Nigeria became a British colony in 1901.

Nigeria gained independence peacefully from Britain in 1960.

Nnamdi Azikiwe became Nigeria’s first president.

KENYA

KENYA

Kenya became a British colony in the 1880s.

From 1952 to 1960, many Kenyan nationalists fought the British for independence, in what is known as the Mau Mau Rebellion.

Mau Maus

Mau Maus

Mau Maus

British capture Mau Mau fighters

Mau Maus surrender

“General China,” leader of the Mau Mau

Although the British defeated the natioalists and the Mau Maus, Britain gave Kenya its independence in 1963.

Jomo Kenyatta became Kenya’s first president.

Jomo Kenyatta

A young Jomo Kenyatta“kenyatta” means “tip of the spear”

APARTHEIDin South Africa

(Old South African flag)

Current South African flag

South Africa

Europeans arrive to colonize South Africa in 1652.

Two Groups of White South Africans

EnglishThese are Whites who

Came mostly from Britain (United

Kingdom)

AfrikanersThese are Whites who are mostly Dutch, or came

mostly from Holland.

Charlize Theron from “Hancock” is an Afrikaner.

Mark Shuttleworth, known as the first African in space, is an English South African.

Apartheid sign

Pass book

Black town

White town

F.W. de Klerk, South African president who ended Apartheid.

Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela, first Black president of South Africa.