Structure I_Pertemuan 8_Modul 11&12_Adrian.pptx
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Transcript of Structure I_Pertemuan 8_Modul 11&12_Adrian.pptx
Structure I8th Class : 27th April 2014
Adrian Budianto
Universitas Terbuka Korea Selatan
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Class 8
Modul 11&12 Degree of Comparison of Adjectives Degree of Comparison of Adverbs
Degree of Comparison
Menyatakan perbandingan
Positive Degree – Comparative Degree – Superlative Degree
Degree of Comparison
Positive Degree Comparative Degree
Superlative Degree
Menyatakan kata sifat atau kata keterangan
Menyatakan perbedaan tingkatan (misal: lebih)
Menyatakan paling
Bentuk dasar adjective atau adverbContoh: high
Adj/Adv + er
Contoh: higher
Adj/Adv + est
Contoh: The highestBentuk dasar adjective atau adverbContoh: beautiful
More + Adj/Adv
Contoh: more beautiful
The most + Adj/Adv
Contoh: the most beautifulBentuk dasar adjective atau adverbContoh: good, well
Bentuk lain (irregular)
Contoh: better
Bentuk lain (irregular)
Contoh: the best
Gambaran umum:
Degree of Comparison of Adjec-tive
Positive Degree of Adjective
S + [to be] + adjective The food is delicious
Adjective + nomina a delicious food
Very + adjective Intensifier memberikan penekanan The food is very delicious : Makanan ini sangat lezat
Too + adjective + infinitive The tea is too hot to drink : Teh ini terlalu panas untuk diminum
Comparative & Superlative Degree of Adjec-tive
Positive Comparative Superlative
Adjective dengan satu suku kataContoh: bright
+ er
Contoh: brighter
+ est
Contoh: brigthestAdjective dengan dua suku kata dan berakhiran “-er”, “–y”, “-ow”, “-le”Contoh: heavy, narrow, simple
+ er
Contoh: heavier, narrower, simpler
+ est
Contoh: the heaviest, the narrowest, the simplest
Adjective dengan dua suku kata lainnyaContoh: patient
More + adjective
Misal: more patient
The most + adjective
Misal: most patientAdjectives yang berakhiran “-ous,” “-ed,” “-re,” “-ing,” “-ful,Misal: Beautiful
More + adjective
Misal: More beautiful
The most + adjective
Misal: the most beautifulIrregular adjective
Irregular Adjectives
http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/irregular-adjectives.htm
Adjective Comparative Superlative Example
good better the bestTara is the best athlete in the school.
well (healthy) better the bestHe is still in hospital, but he is better than he was last week.
bad worse the worstYou are the worst driver I have ever known.
far further the furthest My house is the furthest one.
far farther the farthest My house is the farther one.old (people in a family) elder the eldest Ram is my elder brother.
old (general use) older the oldestYour teacher is older than my teacher.
Comparative Degree of Adjective
Untuk membandingkan 2 hal Pola:
Noun + to be + comparative adj + than + nounShe is richer than her boyfriend.
Bisa menambahkan degree modifier, misal muchShe is much richer than her boyfriend Much, far, very much, a lot perbedaan yang significant. Tidak
boleh hanya menggunakan “very” rather, a little perbedaan yang sedikit.
Superlative Degree of Adjective
Untuk membandingkan lebih dari 2 hal Contoh pola:
Noun + to be + superlative adjective + in ….Jakarta is the crowded city in Indonesia Noun + to be + superlative adjective + among …
He is the oldest among us
Examples
Brad is smart Brad is smarter than Angelina Brad is the smartest in the class
Who is that funny guy? Who is funnier, Sule or Azis? Who is the funniest person in this class?
Comparison
Be + (not) + as + adjective + as membandingkan dua benda atau hal yang sama Michael is 170 cm tall John is 170 cm tall John is as tall as Michael Julia is 20 years old Maria is 21 years old Julia is not as old as Maria
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Comparison
The same + (noun) + as, similar to, different from
Patty is the same height as Lisa.My dress is not the same size as my mom’s dress.
Your opinion is similar to my opinion. Don’s office is different from Tag’s office
To be – the same –as To be - similar – to To be - different - from
One of + the (most) Superlative adjective + Plural noun
Untuk memberikan suatu penjelasan tentang salah satu dari yang paling atas di antara sejumlah benda (plural /jamak nouns)
Korean is one of the most difficult languages in the world Jakarta is one of the biggest cities in the world
Degree of Comparison of Ad-verbs
Positive Degree of AdverbsShe runs fast. Menjelaskan verb. Menjawab pertanyaan How?
Nice – nicely Adverb dapat dibentuk dengan menambahkan –ly pada adjective
Busy – busily Jika adjective berakhiran –y, maka y diubah jadi I lalu tambahkan -ly
Responsible – responsibly Apabila adjective berakhir dengan konsonan ditambah dengan –le, maka le diubah menjadi ly
Basic - basically Apabila adjective berakhir –ic, maka tambahkan -ally
I am terribly sorryThis is extremely delicious
Adverb digunakan untuk menunjukkan kualitas adjective dan seberapa penting adjective tersebut untuk diperhatikan
He will leave tomorrowShe finished her work yesterday
Adverbs of time menjelaskan waktu. Misal: today, yesterday, next month, tonight
I never come lateHe always wears white shoes
Adverbs of frequency menjelaskan seberapa sering. Misal: never, usually, always, sometimes, rarely
Ever, always, usually, often, frequently, generally, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, hardly ever, never, not ever, already, finally, just, probably
Midsentence adverb: terletak di tengah kalimat:1. Berada di depan verb simple present dan simple past2. Berada setelah be (dalam betuk simple present dan simple past)3. Berada di antara auxiliary (kata bantu) dan main verb4. Dalam kalimat tanya, diletakkan setelah subjek
Comparative & Superlative Degree of Ad-verbs
Positive Comparative Superlative
Berakhiran –lyContoh: surprisingly
More + adverbContoh: more surprisingly
the most + adverbContoh: the most surprisingly
Satu suku kataContoh: fast
+ erContoh: faster
+ estContoh: the fastest
Irregular adverb:WellIllBadlyMuchLittleFarfar
BetterWorseWorseMoreLessFartherfurther
BestWorstWorstMostLeastFarthestfurthest
Comparative Degree of Adverb
Untuk membandingkan 2 tindakan Salah satu bentuk polanya:
Noun + Verb + Comparative Adv + than + Noun + VerbShe sings better than I do
Bisa menambahkan degree modifier, misal much/a lot/far You run much/a lot/far faster than I thought
Comparative Degree of Adverb
Pengulangan bentuk komparatif peningkatan intensi-tas kualitas atau kuantitas sesuatu yang dijelaskan More people are using computers. The prices of computers
are getting cheaper and cheaper. Komparatif ganda untuk akibat atau hasil suatu tin-
dakan secara komparatif The harder you study, the more you understand The sooner you buy, the better price you getBagian pertama debagai “prasyarat”, bagian kedua menun-
jukan hasilKalimat ekspresi yang umum digunakan:The sooner, the betterThe more, the happier
Superlative Degree of Adverb
Untuk membandingkan lebih dari 2 tindakan Contoh satu bentuk polanya:
Noun + verb + superlative advThey treated us the most respectfully Noun + verb + superlative adv + of all ..
He studied the hardest of all the students.
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Simple conclusion and comparison
She is pretty – adjective She is prettier than her sister – adjective comparison She is the prettiest among her family. – superlative ad-
jective
She kicks prettily – adverb She kick more prettily than her sister. - Adverb compari-
son She kicks the most prettiest among her family. – Superla-
tive adverb