Structure I7th Class : 13th of October 2013

Frida Ferdani Putri

Universitas Terbuka Korea Selatan

fridaferdaniputri@gmail.com

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Class 8

Modul 11&12 Degree of Comparison of Adjectives Degree of Comparison of Adverbs

Degree of Comparison

Menyatakan perbandingan

Positive Degree – Comparative Degree – Superlative Degree

Degree of Comparison

Positive Degree Comparative Degree

Superlative Degree

Menyatakan kata sifat atau kata keterangan

Menyatakan perbedaan tingkatan (misal: lebih)

Menyatakan paling

Bentuk dasar adjective atau adverbContoh: high

Adj/Adv + er

Contoh: higher

Adj/Adv + est

Contoh: The highestBentuk dasar adjective atau adverbContoh: beautiful

More + Adj/Adv

Contoh: more beautiful

The most + Adj/Adv

Contoh: the most beautifulBentuk dasar adjective atau adverbContoh: good, well

Bentuk lain (irregular)

Contoh: better

Bentuk lain (irregular)

Contoh: the best

Gambaran umum:

Degree of Comparison of Adjec-tive

Positive Degree of Adjective

S + [to be] + adjective The food is delicious

Adjective + nomina a delicious food

Very + adjective Intensifier memberikan penekanan The food is very delicious : Makanan ini sangat lezat

Too + adjective + infinitive The tea is too hot to drink : Teh ini terlalu panas untuk diminum

Comparative & Superlative Degree of Adjec-tive

Positive Comparative Superlative

Adjective dengan satu suku kataContoh: bright

+ er

Contoh: brighter

+ est

Contoh: brigthestAdjective dengan dua suku kata dan berakhiran “-er”, “–y”, “-ow”, “-le”Contoh: heavy, narrow, simple

+ er

Contoh: heavier, narrower, simpler

+ est

Contoh: the heaviest, the narrowest, the simplest

Adjective dengan dua suku kata lainnya atau lebih dari 2 suku kataContoh: patient

More + adjective

Misal: more patient

The most + adjective

Misal: most patient

Adjectives yang berakhiran “-ous,” “-ed,” “-re,” “-ing,” “-ful,Misal: Beatiful

More + adjective

Misal: More beatiful

The most + adjective

Misal: the most beautifulIrregular adjective

Irregular Adjectives

http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/irregular-adjectives.htm

Adjective Comparative Superlative Example

good better the bestTara is the best athlete in the school.

well (healthy) better the bestHe is still in hospital, but he is better than he was last week.

bad worse the worstYou are the worst driver I have ever known.

far further the furthest My house is the furthest one.

far farther the farthest My house is the farther one.old (people in a family) elder the eldest Ram is my elder brother.

old (general use) older the oldestYour teacher is older than my teacher.

Comparative Degree of Adjective

Untuk membandingkan 2 hal Pola:

Noun + to be + comparative adj + than + noun

She is richer than her boyfriend.

Bisa menambahkan degree modifier, misal muchShe is much richer than her boyfriend Much, far, very much, a lot perbedaan yang significant. Tidak

boleh hanya menggunakan “very” rather, a little perbedaan yang sedikit.

Comparison

Be + (not) + as + adjective + as

membandingkan dua benda atau hal yang sama Michael is 170 cm tall John is 170 cm tall John is as tall as Michael Julia is 20 years old Maria is 21 years old Julia is not as old as Maria

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Comparison

The same + (noun) + as, similar to, different from

Patty is the same height as Lisa.My dress is not the same size as my mom’s dress.

Your opinion is similar to my opinion. Don’s office is different from Tag’s office

Superlative Degree of Adjective

Untuk membandingkan lebih dari 2 hal Contoh pola:

Noun + to be + superlative adjective + in ….

Jakarta is the most crowded city in Indonesia Noun + to be + superlative adjective + among …

He is the oldest among us

Examples

Brad is smart Brad is smarter than Angelina Brad is the smartest in the class

Who is that funny guy? Who is funnier, Sule or Azis? Who is the funniest person in this class?

One of + Superlative adjective + Plural noun

Untuk memberikan suatu penjelasan tentang salah satu dari yang paling atas di antara sejumlah benda (plural nouns)

Korean is one of the most difficult languages in the world Jakarta is one of the biggest cities in the world

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Formative test 3

Degree of Comparison of Ad-verbs

Positive Degree of Adverbs

She runs fast. Menjelaskan verb. Menjawab pertanyaan How?

Nice – nicely Adverb dapat dibentuk dengan menambahkan –ly pada adjective

Busy – busily Jika adjective berakhiran –y, maka y diubah jadi I lalu tambahkan -ly

Responsible – responsibly Apabila adjective berakhir dengan konsonan ditambah dengan –le, maka le diubah menjadi ly

Basic - basically Apabila adjective berakhir –ic, maka tambahkan -ally

I am terribly sorryThis is extremely delicious

Adverb digunakan untuk menunjukkan kualitas adjective dan seberapa penting adjective tersebut untuk diperhatikan

He will leave tomorrowShe finished her work yesterday

Adverbs of time menjelaskan waktu. Misal: today, yesterday, next month, tonight

I never come lateHe always wears white shoes

Adverbs of frequency menjelaskan seberapa sering. Misal: never, usually, always, sometimes, rarely

Ever, always, usually, often, frequently, generally, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, hardly ever, never, not ever, already, finally, just, probably

Midsentence adverb: terletak di tengah kalimat:1. Berada di depan verb simple present dan simple past2. Berada setelah be (dalam betuk simple present dan simple past)3. Berada di antara auxiliary (kata bantu) dan main verb4. Dalam kalimat tanya, diletakkan setelah subjek

Comparative & Superlative Degree of Ad-verbs

Positive Comparative Superlative

Berakhiran –lyContoh: surprisingly

More + adverbContoh: more surprisingly

the most + adverbContoh: the most surprisingly

Satu suku kataContoh: fast

+ erContoh: faster

+ estContoh: the fastest

Irregular adverb:WellIllBadlyMuchLittleFarfar

BetterWorseWorseMoreLessFartherfurther

BestWorstWorstMostLeastFarthestfurthest

Comparative Degree of Adverb

Untuk membandingkan 2 tindakan Salah satu bentuk polanya:

Noun + Verb + Comparative Adv + than + Noun + Verb

She sings better than I do

Bisa menambahkan degree modifier, misal much/a lot/far You run much/a lot/far faster than I thought

Comparative Degree of Adverb

Pengulangan bentuk komparatif peningkatan intensi-tas kualitas atau kuantitas sesuatu yang dijelaskan More people are using computers. The prices of computers

are getting cheaper and cheaper.

Komparatif ganda untuk akibat atau hasil suatu tin-dakan secara komparatif The harder you study, the more you understand The sooner you buy, the better price you getBagian pertama debagai “prasyarat”, bagian kedua menun-

jukan hasil

Kalimat ekspresi yang umum digunakan:

The sooner, the better

The more, the happier

Comparative Degree of Adverb

Pengulangan bentuk komparatif peningkatan intensi-tas kualitas atau kuantitas sesuatu yang dijelaskan More people are using computers. The prices of computers

are getting cheaper and cheaper.

Komparatif ganda untuk akibat atau hasil suatu tin-dakan secara komparatif The harder you study, the more you understand The sooner you buy, the better price you getBagian pertama debagai “prasyarat”, bagian kedua menun-

jukan hasil

Kalimat ekspresi yang umum digunakan:

The sooner, the better

The more, the happier

Superlative Degree of Adverb

Untuk membandingkan lebih dari 2 tindakan Contoh satu bentuk polanya:

Noun + verb + superlative adv

They treated us the most respectfully Noun + verb + superlative adv + of all ..

He studied the hardest of all the students.

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Exercise

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/adjectives-adverbs/adverbs/exercises?02

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=6088