Structure, floristic composition and tree diameter growth ... · Fabaceae 30,5 14 Malvaceae 17,8 6...

Instituto Tecnológico de Costa RicaUNAM, México

UNIMONTES, Brasil

Structure, floristic composition and tree diameter

growth of three successional stages in TDF: Costa

Rica, Brazil and México

Dr. Julio Calvo-Alvarado

1000 m2 60 m50 m

30 m

20 m

Early

Intermediate

Late

3 plots/stage Mx, CR

6 plots/stage Brazil

2008. Manual of Methods: Human, Ecological and Biophysical

Dimensions of Tropical Dry Forests. J. M. Nassar, J. P. Rodríguez, A.

Sánchez-Azofeifa, T. Garvin and M. Quesada, editors. Ediciones

IVIC, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC),

Caracas, Venezuela. 127 p.

Trees/lianas ≥ 5 cm Ø

EarlyInterme

diateLate Early

Interme

diateLate Early

Interme

diateLate

Stage 5 12 10 8,7 15,4 19,9 10,3 15,3 16,9

0

5

10

15

20

25

Me

ters

Canopy Dominant Height

Santa RosaMata Seca

Chamela

Canopy Height 10-40 m -Murphy PG and Lugo AE (1986)

10

40

EarlyInterme

diateLate Early

Interme

diateLate Early

Interme

diateLate

Series1 52 149 184 92 92 120 87 121 122

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Nu

mb

er

Stem DensityTrees ≥ 5cm Ø

Santa RosaMata Seca

Chamela

EarlyInterme

diateLate Early

Interme

diateLate Early

Interme

diateLate

Series1 11 28 32 13 28 25 15 33 29

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35N

um

be

r

Tree Species Number

Trees ≥ 5cm Ø

Santa RosaMata Seca

Chamela

tree richness of 50 sp. (range 21–81), Gentry, 1995.

81

21

EarlyInterme

diateLate Early

Interme

diateLate Early

Interme

diateLate

Series1 0,2 1,2 1,9 0,9 2,6 3 0,6 1,7 2,6

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

m2

Basal AreaTrees ≥ 5cm Ø

Santa RosaMata Seca

Chamela

Basal area (m2 1000m2) 1,7–4,0 -Murphy PG and Lugo AE (1986)

EarlyInterme

diateLate Early

Interme

diateLate Early

Interme

diateLate

Series1 1,1 59,8 116,0 11,9 117,5 176,6 9,3 102,6 159,3

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Holdridge C.I

Tree ≥ 5cm Ø

Santa RosaMata Seca

Chamela

Holdridge C I. = 10-3 *hbds

h= Dominant height; b= Basal Area; d= Stem density; s= Species number

EarlyInterme

diateLate Early

Interme

diateLate Early

Interme

diateLate

Series1 3,2 2,6 2,2 1,6 2,2 1,2 5,02 2,55 1,9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Tree Diameter Growth mm/year

2005-2011

Tree diameter growth (mm yr1) 1–3, Murphy PG and Lugo AE (1986)

?

EarlyInterme

diateLate Early

Interme

diateLate Early

Interme

diateLate

Series1 3,2 2,6 2,2 1,6 2,2 1,2 5,02 2,55 1,9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Tree Diameter Growth mm/year

2005-2011

Tree diameter growth (mm yr1) 1–3, Murphy PG and Lugo AE (1986)

?

?

Stage FamilyComposition

(%)

No. Of

speciesFamily

Composition

(%)

No. Of

speciesFamily

Composition

(%)

No. Of

species

Fabaceae 70,7 12 Verbenaceae 32,5 2 Anacardiaceae 36,8 2

Anacardiaceae 5,7 1 Fabaceae 21,3 4 Apocynaceae 24,3 2

- - - Cochlospermaceae 19,5 1 Bignoniaceae 18,9 4

- - - Malphigiaceae 7,2 1 - - -

Fabaceae 30,5 14 Malvaceae 17,8 6 Bignoniaceae 28,3 13

Euphorbiaceae 15,7 3 Fabaceae 17,5 12 Combretaceae 13,6 3

Boraginaceae 8,5 3 Meliaceae 9,8 5 Fabaceae 12,0 17

Tiliaceae 8,1 1 Rubiaceae 8,7 4 Euphorbiaceae 9,2 8

- - - Flacourtiaceae 6,2 3 Vitaceae 8,8 3

- - - Moraceae 6,2 3 - - -

- - - Boraginaceae 5,8 2 - - -

Fabaceae 50,5 20 Euphorbiaceae 19,2 3 Bignoniaceae 38,1 12

Sapindaceae 12,9 1 Rubiaceae 16,7 6 Combretaceae 18,1 5

- - - Hippocrateaceae 12,0 1 Anacardiaceae 5,9 3

- - - Fabaceae 8,6 7 - - -

- - - Malvaceae 7,2 5 - - -

- - - Burseraceae 5,8 3 - - -

- - - Bignoniaceae 5,3 4 - - -

- - - Apocynaceae 5,0 1 - - -

- - - Fagaceae 0,6 1 - - -

Families with a percent composition greater than 5% in the three successional stagesL

ate

Mata SecaSanta RosaChamelaE

arl

yIn

term

ed

iate

(Gentry, 1995). The most important families in order of dominance are: Fabaceae,

Bignoniaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Capparidaceae,

Apocynaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Malpighiaceae, and Cactaceae.

Stage Species IVI Species IVI Species IVI

Caesalpinia eriostachys 44,4 Rehdera trinervis 80,9 Myracrodruon urundeuva 99,1

Acacia cochliacantha 42,0 Cochlospermum vitifolium 48,6 Handroanthus ochraceus 44,2

Mimosa cf. acantholoba 31,8 Gliricidia sepium 41,2 Mimosa hostilis 24,5

Lonchocarpus cf. cochleatus 18,3 Quercus oleoides 35,4 Senegalia polyphylla 19,2

Spondias purpurea 17,1 Byrsonima crassifolia 20,4 Piptadenia oftalmocentra 10,6

Leucaena lanceolata 14,4 Machaerium biovulatum 8,2 Prosopis sp 10,2

Ruprechtia fusca 12,6 Semialarium mexicanum 7,8 Schinopsis brasiliensis 10,0

Casearia corymbosa 12,2 Pisonia aculeata 7,6 Aspidosperma parvifolium 8,8

Gyrocarpus jatrophifolius 11,5 Luehea candida 6,7 Senna spectabilis 8,2

Piptadenia constricta 11,4 Lippia oxyphyllaria 4,8 Platymiscium blanchetii 8,0

subtotal 10 species 216,0 subtotal 10 species 261,6 subtotal 10 species 242,8

other species (20) 84,0 other species (16) 38,4 other species (26) 57,2

Heliocarpus pallidus 24,3 Luehea candida 24,2 Handroanthus reticulatus 54,3

Spondias purpurea 19,7 Samanea saman 18,4 Combretum duarteanum 29,7

Cordia elaeagnoides 19,2 Trichilia hirta 17,2 Commiphora leptophloeus 17,1

Caesalpinia eriostachys 19,1 Prosopis juliflora 14,5 Terminalia fagifolia 15,7

Cnidoscolus spinosus 18,0 Guettarda macrosperma 13,0 Pseudopiptadenia contorta 14,6

Hylocereus ocamponis 14,6 Spondias mombin 12,2 Poincianella pluviosa 10,8

Lonchocarpus cf. cochleatus 13,9 Calycophyllum candidissimum 11,7 Spondias tuberosa 10,1

Piranhea mexicana 13,4 Trophis racemosa 9,3 Stillingia saxatilis 9,5

Piptadenia constricta 12,0 Guazuma ulmifolia 8,9 Handroanthus spongiosus 8,5

Gyrocarpus jatrophifolius 11,3 Semialarium mexicanum 8,8 Patagonula bahiensis 8,4



Caesalpinia eriostachys 42,4 Sebastiania pavoniana 30,9 Handroanthus chrysotrichus 64,4

Apoplanesia paniculata 27,1 Bursera simaruba 25,6 Myracrodruon urundeuva 31,6

Thouinia paucidentata 22,7 Semialarium mexicanum 23,4 Combretum duarteanum 29,4

Piptadenia constricta 16,1 Guettarda macrosperma 20,0 Handroanthus reticulatus 16,0

Spondias purpurea 15,1 Rehdera trinervis 16,7 Poincianella pluviosa 14,0

Heliocarpus pallidus 14,6 Luehea candida 15,1 Aspidosperma polyneuron 13,7

Lonchocarpus cf. cochleatus 11,2 Exostema mexicanum 14,7 Commiphora leptophloeus 12,5

Bursera arborea 9,5 Stemmadenia obovata 12,7 Terminalia fagifolia 8,5

Caesalpinia coriaria 9,1 Lysiloma divaricatum 12,0 Cavanillesia arborea 8,2

Lysiloma microphylla 8,6 Lonchocarpus minimiflorus 7,8 Casearia selloana 7,3



IVI Analysis for all plots in each site (Basal Area, Frequency, Abundance)

Late

Mata SecaSanta RosaChamela

Ea

rly

Inte

rme

dia

te

80%

53%

62%

Final comments

• Tree diameter annual growth and some structural /

composition characteristics of TDFs differ according to

latitude, but the causes may be more relate to site quality,

age and previous land use, therefore it is necessary to better

study these factors at each site

• The results for structure and composition characteristics of

Late stage are among the value ranges reported in the

literature. The most important contribution of this study is to

generate information for the early and intermediate stages,

that have not been previously reported systematically

• Results of tree mortality and recruitment for each stage and

site is pending. This information will allow us to build a better

succession model and to make superior estimates of carbon

sequestration of TDFs.

• Other variables pending to be integrated in our studies are: litter fall, phenology, leaf area, hervivory and rainfall interception, which would help to build a comprehensive successional model to evaluate landscape-scale environmental services such as carbon sequestration, pollination and water production.

• The relationship of these results with climatic data and remote sensing indices, will allow the evaluation and estimation of the impact of climate change scenarios on environmental services and the ecology of each successional stage in each site.

Structure, floristic composition and tree diameter growth ... · Fabaceae 30,5 14 Malvaceae 17,8 6...

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