Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) A future alternative to ...
Transcript of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) A future alternative to ...
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
IMRBPB Meeting, EASA, Cologne, April 22, 2007
Presented by
Holger Speckmann
Focal
Point for
SHM
AirbusBremen, Germany
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Content
1.
What is SHM?2.
Why SHM
3.
SHM Technologies4.
Qualification of SHM technologies
5.
Roadmap (Airbus)6.
AISC
7.
MSG3 Changes
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What is SHM?
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Airframe Loading / Non-Destructive Testing
®
Bending
Bending andTorsion
Impact
Shear
stress due
to trans-verse shear
and torsion
Compression due
to bending,stability, static strength,corrosion resistance
High localloads
Hoopstress
Impact
Impact
Shearstress
Hoop
stress and longi-tudinal
stress
Longitudinal stressStatic/residual strengthCrack growth
Impact
Upper skin:Compression/stabilityLower skin:Tension/crack
growth
NonNon--destructive testing (NDT) is needed in order to ensure the integdestructive testing (NDT) is needed in order to ensure the integrity rity of the airframe.of the airframe.
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Possibilities for NDI inspection
1.
Visual Inspection (VI)2.
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)
3.
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
The optimum solution for structural inspections must be chosen out of these 3 options
The optimum solution for structural inspections must be chosen out of these 3 options
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SHM (Structural Health Monitoring)
•
SHM = innovative Non Destructive Testing (NDT) method•
Peculiarity: Sensor remains attached / embedded in the structure
•
Advantage vs. NDT: Information on structural events or states to arbitrary times available
Evaluation
Sensors
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SHM System SHM System ––
Principle and SetPrinciple and Set--upup
Physical Probe (acoustic, electro-magnetic, optic) + Material/StructureInteraction
Analysis Diagnostic
Detection and Monitoring of flaws, stress/strain, parametersPrognosis
A/C structure
Sensor
Wireless (future)
A/C structure
Sensor
A/C structure
A/C structure
Sensor
SurfaceSurface
SensorSensor
EmbeddedEmbedded
SensorSensor
Integral SensorIntegral Sensor
Interrogation Unit
Adhesive
Adhesive
Adhesive
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Parameters/Events to monitor
•
Damages •
Loads/Strains
•
Flight parameters and conditions•
Environmental conditions
•
Production parameters
NEWNEW
NEWNEWNEWNEW
NEWNEW
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Why SHM?
April 2008Holger Speckmann, AIRBUS Page 10©AI
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Structural Health Monitoring+Management
Cost Savings
trend
ScheduledPredictive
Unscheduled
Cos
ts
Time
Unscheduled(Today)
PredictivePredictive
TodayTodayWith a robust SHMM Function
With a robust SHMM Function
TomorrowTomorrow
No or very lowNo or very low unscheduled maintenanceunscheduled maintenance
Still too many unscheduled eventsStill too many unscheduled events
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Benefits of SHM
SHMSHMContinuous and autonomous monitoring of defects, stress/strain, environmental and flight parameters by means of permanently attached or embedded
sensor systems in order to ensure the structural integrity.
• Reduction of inspection time
• Deferred maintenance / repair
• Maintenance on demand
Reduced DOC, DMCReduced DOC, DMC
Increased AvailabilityIncreased Availability
Maintenance / Maintenance / OperatabilityOperatability DesignDesign• Optimised structural efficiency
• New design philosophies
Weight savingWeight saving
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SHM Technologies
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SHM Technologies for Metal Applications
Metal Structure Application ScenariosMetal Structure Application ScenariosDetection of…•
Cracks (localisation, size)
•
Crack growth (localisation, size)•
Accidental damage (localisation, intensity)
•
Corrosion (localisation, severeness)•
Loads/Strain (localisation, intensity)
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SHM Technologies for Composite Applications.
Composite Structure Application ScenariosComposite Structure Application ScenariosDetection of…•
Impact (localisation, intensity)
•
Delaminations
(localisation, size)•
Debondings
(localisation, size)
•
Water ingress (localisation, intensity)•
Loads/Strain (localisation, intensity)
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Examples for SHM Technologies
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AU –
Damage Detection System
•
Network of PZT actuators / sensors•
Utilisation of guided elastic waves (lamb waves)
•
Detection of debonding
& delamination
in composite structures
SMART Layer™ Sensors
SMART Suitcase (data acquisition unit)
Standard AU-Configuration
Acousto-Ultrasonics
(AU) for Composite Structures
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Eddy Current
Testing
Foil
Sensors (ETFS)
ET readout equipment
Multiplexer
Sensor and connector
Cable
ETFS -
Data readout equipment
• ETFS: Polyimide substrate with conductive printed coil
• ETFS coil generates eddy current field in metallic structures
•
Monitoring of crack growth and corrosion by interaction of the defects with eddy current field
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•
Connection of an air gallery with a vacuum gallery
•
Increasing pressure in the vacuum gallery•
Crack detection by equipment
Sensor for
surface
crack
detection
Integral sensor
to detect
crack
initiation
Growing
Crack
CVM-Technology
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Optical fiber sensors –
potential applications Vision on future airframe technology
Structural Health Monitoring
Optical fiber sensors
In-service condition monitoring
Composite manufacturing process monitoring
Robust in terms of electromagnetic interference and corrosion
Advantages
Handling in terms of geometry, size
Lightweight, low costs, sensing & data transmission, networking
Embedded Fiber
Bragg Grating sensors
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Maturation and Qualification of SHM Technologies
April 2008Holger Speckmann, AIRBUS Page 21©AI
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Qualification of Technology: Requirements
Basic Technology Requirements RangeBasic Technology Requirements Range
•
Detection capability (POD)•
Durability
Temperature loadingChemical loadingMechanical loading
•
Manufacturing aspect•
System integration aspect
•
Maintainability•
Reparability
•
Self-diagnostic capability
Reliability > 30 yearsReliability > 30 years
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DETAILS
COMPONENT
GENE
RIC
SPEC
IMEN
NON-
GENE
RIC
SPEC
IMEN
IncreasingSample
Size
DATA BASESTRUCTURAL FEATURES
ELEMENTS
SUB-COMPONENT
COUPONS (Samples)
Dur
abili
ty, R
obus
tnes
s an
dEn
viro
nmen
tal T
ests
Technology Development Plan
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POD and Environmental Tests on Coupons
Smart Layer
Skin crack
Stringer crack
Piezoelectric disks
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Durability
testing
of sensor
technologies A380 Full Scale
Fatigue
Test
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Durability Tests on Airbus Aircrafts
A340-600 Testing of Fibre-Bragg-
Gratings
A320, MSN 1 Technology ‘Carrier’
for SHM
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Airbus Roadmap
April 2008Holger Speckmann, AIRBUS Page 27©AI
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Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
Stepwise approach towards SHM application is essential
Generation 0•
Structure testing application (TR: 2003)
•
Benefit: structure analysis
& testing
Generation 3•
Neuronal Network,
Fully integrated system (TR: 2018)
•
Benefit: -weight saving on aircraft level -maintenance
Generation 2•
Automated SHM, Integrated into system (TR: 2013)
•
Benefit: -first weight saving
component level -maintenance
Generation 1•
Alternative to conv. NDT: off-board and off-line
(TR: 2008)
•
Benefit: maintenance
Sensor Network
Vision on future airframe technology
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AISC Aerospace Industry Steering Committee
April 2008Holger Speckmann, AIRBUS Page 29©AI
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AISC –
SHM Aerospace Industry Steering Committee for SHM
Mission:•
Creating a guideline and recommendation on how to use Structural Health Management (SHM) on various aircraft platforms, in order to improve operability and optimize maintenance plan where structures are concerned, considering their regulatory aspects.
Member EMB:•
OEM
Airbus, EADS, Boeing, EmbraerBombardier, Lockheed-Martin, BAe-Systems,
•
GovernmentFAA, EASA, Sandia Labs
•
CustomerAir Force, US ArmyNASAATA, AEA
•
AcademiaStanford Univ.Univ. of Tokyo
•
IndustryHoneywell, Fuji HI
CAWG MAWG SVWG
AISC -
EMB
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SHM Specification under preparation
•
SHM specification neededWorldwide harmonization of wording, synonyms, philosophies, etc.One “guideline” for all OEM’s
•
Basic document to refer from other maintenance documents (MSG3, etc.)
•
Managed by SAE (negotiations ongoing)•
Approved by authorities
Structures&MaterialsMaintenanceSystems ?
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MSG 3 changes
April 2008Holger Speckmann, AIRBUS Page 32©AI
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Non Destructive Inspection possibilities
1.Visual Inspection
•
GVI (General Visual)
•
DET (Detailed)•
Steered by MPD
•
Performed in according to AMM, etc.
3 kind of NDI exist to ensure the structural integrity3 kind of NDI exist to ensure the structural integrity
2. NDT (Non Destructive Testing)
•
SDET (Special Detailed)
•
Using of Tools and equipment
•
Procedures mainly in NTM
•
Steered by MPD, SB, etc.
3. SHM
•
SDET (alternative to NDT)
•
Permanent installed sensors
•
Procedures for Off- Board use in NTM
•
On-Board and/or On- Line use via IVHM
architecture “Automated SHM”
NEWNEW
To cover new options for maintenance, MSG3 has to be changed
To cover new options for maintenance, MSG3 has to be changed
Issue Paper 1Issue Paper 1
Issue Paper 2Issue Paper 2
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