StrongStoufferGreekInANutshellNoLinksrtf 3

STRONG STRONG STRONG STRONG ---- STOUFFER STOUFFER STOUFFER STOUFFER

GGGGGGGGGGGGrrrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeekkkkkkkkkkkk iiiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnn aaaaaaaaaaaa NNNNNNNNNNNNuuuuuuuuuuuuttttttttttttsssssssssssshhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeellllllllllllllllllllllll

An Outline ofAn Outline ofAn Outline ofAn Outline of GREEK GRAMMARGREEK GRAMMARGREEK GRAMMARGREEK GRAMMAR

withwithwithwith BRIEF READING LESSONSBRIEF READING LESSONSBRIEF READING LESSONSBRIEF READING LESSONS

Designed for Beginners in the New Testament

ORIGINALLY BY

JAMES STRONG STDJAMES STRONG STDJAMES STRONG STDJAMES STRONG STD

Professor of Exegetical Theology in Drew Theological Seminary

NEW YORK PHILLIPS amp HUNT

CINCINNATI CRANSTON amp STOWE

Copyright 1878 by

NELSON amp PHILLIPS New York

FORMAT AND PRONUNCIATION ENHANCEMENTS BY

TIMOTHY STOUFFERTIMOTHY STOUFFERTIMOTHY STOUFFERTIMOTHY STOUFFER

Bible Truth LionBible Truth LionBible Truth LionBible Truth Lion

wwwbibletruthlionorg

opyright copy 2008 Timothy Stouffer ndash Bible Truth Lionorg - All Rights Reserved

PREFACEPREFACEPREFACEPREFACE

This little Manual was originally prepared for the NORMAL CLASS at the request of the editor of that Journal and was at the same time expected to form an instruction book at the Sunday-School Assembly annually held at Chautauqua This accounts for its form in twelve series of two pages each The reading lessons however have been made sufficiently full for subsequent study Of course the simplest elements only of the Greek language can be comprised in such narrow limits nor can a full vocabulary or ready facility be acquired in so short a course Nevertheless a good beginning may be made and that is ldquohalf the battlerdquo in any enterprise It is believed that a thorough mastery of this small volume will prove a conquest over all the real difficulties of the original tongue of the New Testament

J S

Editorrsquos ForwardEditorrsquos ForwardEditorrsquos ForwardEditorrsquos Forward

Dr James Strongrsquos work in the field of Biblical Linguistics has been an invaluable contribution to successive generations of Bible students I believe as did he that mastery of this small Greek study volume will provide adequate resources to further education in the Koine Greek dialect and invariably further understanding of the New Testament Christian Scriptures overall while even affording insight into the Old Testament Scriptures as well both of which sometimes have Truth masked behind a veil of a second generation translational language such as English or any other language for that matter This small volume has been enhanced through interpreting the shortcut abbreviations which were so often deemed necessary in times past as space saving devices for printing of the text yet left much confusion for the beginning English reader who has undertaken the task of learning New Testament Greek to further his or her understanding in their walk with GOD That has hopefully been alleviated through this enhanced edition of Strong Strong Strong Strong ---- Stouffer Stouffer Stouffer Stouffer Greek in a NutshellGreek in a NutshellGreek in a NutshellGreek in a Nutshell

GREEK IN A NUTSHELLGREEK IN A NUTSHELLGREEK IN A NUTSHELLGREEK IN A NUTSHELL

LESSON ILESSON ILESSON ILESSON I

1 1 1 1 READINGREADINGREADINGREADING

sect 1sect 1sect 1sect 1 THE THE THE THE KOINE (NT) KOINE (NT) KOINE (NT) KOINE (NT) GREEK GREEK GREEK GREEK ALPHABETALPHABETALPHABETALPHABET

The New Testament Greek (koinhrsquokoinhrsquokoinhrsquokoinhrsquo - KoineKoineKoineKoine (koy-nayh) = commoncommoncommoncommon) as we know it has evolved from earlier forms with the following alphabetndash

NoNoNoNo 24 Koine Charac24 Koine Charac24 Koine Charac24 Koine Charactersterstersters Name and PronunciationName and PronunciationName and PronunciationName and Pronunciation Transliterated SoundTransliterated SoundTransliterated SoundTransliterated Sound

1111 A αA αA αA α AlphaAlphaAlphaAlpha ---- [alalalal----fahfahfahfah] aaaa - as in maaaan [aaaarm1111]

2222 Β βΒ βΒ βΒ β BetaBetaBetaBeta ---- [baybaybaybay----tahtahtahtah] bbbb

3333 Γ γΓ γΓ γΓ γ GammaGammaGammaGamma ---- [gamgamgamgam----mahmahmahmah] gggg - as in ggggo [kingngngng2222]

4444 ∆ δ∆ δ∆ δ∆ δ DeltaDeltaDeltaDelta ---- [deldeldeldel----tahtahtahtah] dddd

5555 E εE εE εE ε EpsilonEpsilonEpsilonEpsilon ---- [epepepep----seeseeseesee----lahnlahnlahnlahn] eeee - as in meeeet

6666 Ζ ζΖ ζΖ ζΖ ζ ZetaZetaZetaZeta ---- [dzaydzaydzaydzay----tahtahtahtah] dzdzdzdz - as in adzdzdzdze3333

7777 Η ηΗ ηΗ ηΗ η EtaEtaEtaEta ---- [ayayayay----tahtahtahtah] eeee - as in theyeyeyey

8888 Θ Θ Θ Θ ϑ ϑ ϑ ϑ or θθθθ ThetaThetaThetaTheta ---- [thaythaythaythay----tahtahtahtah] thththth - as in ththththin4444

9999 Ι ιΙ ιΙ ιΙ ι IotaIotaIotaIota ---- [eeeeeeee----ohohohoh----tahtahtahtah] iiii - as in tin [machiiiine5555]

10101010 Κ κ Κ κ Κ κ Κ κ or kkkk KappaKappaKappaKappa ---- [capcapcapcap----pahpahpahpah] kkkk

11111111 LLLL λ λ λ λ LambdaLambdaLambdaLambda ---- [lamblamblamblamb----dahdahdahdah] llll

12121212 Μ μΜ μΜ μΜ μ MuMuMuMu ---- [moomoomoomoo] mmmm

13131313 Ν νΝ νΝ νΝ ν NuNuNuNu ---- [noonoonoonoo] nnnn

14141414 Ξ ξΞ ξΞ ξΞ ξ XiXiXiXi ---- [kseekseekseeksee] xxxx (ksksksks)

15151515 Ο οΟ οΟ οΟ ο OmiOmiOmiOmiccccronronronron ---- [omomomom----eeeeeeee----krahnkrahnkrahnkrahn] οοοο - as in noooot

16161616 Π πΠ πΠ πΠ π PiPiPiPi ---- [peepeepeepee] pppp

17171717 Ρ ρΡ ρΡ ρΡ ρ RhoRhoRhoRho ---- [hrohhrohhrohhroh] rrrr

18181818 Σ σ Σ σ Σ σ Σ σ

or final ς ς ς ς SigmaSigmaSigmaSigma ---- [sigsigsigsig----mahmahmahmah] ssss - as in thissss

19191919 Τ τΤ τΤ τΤ τ TauTauTauTau ---- [towtowtowtow ---- pronounced like now] tttt - as in itttt6666

20202020 UUUU υ υ υ υ UpsilonUpsilonUpsilonUpsilon ---- [uhuhuhuh----pseepseepseepsee----lahnlahnlahnlahn] uuuu - as in fuuuull

21212121 FFFF φ φ φ φ PhiPhiPhiPhi ---- [feefeefeefee] f f f f ((((phphphph))))

22222222 ΧΧΧΧ χ χ χ χ ChiChiChiChi ---- [kheekheekheekhee] kh - as German chchchch7777

23232323 ΨΨΨΨ ψ ψ ψ ψ PsiPsiPsiPsi ---- [pseepseepseepsee] pspspsps

24242424 Ω ωΩ ωΩ ωΩ ω OmegaOmegaOmegaOmega ---- [ohohohoh----megmegmegmeg----ahahahah] οοοο - as in noooo

sect 2sect 2sect 2sect 2 Notes on the Alphabet Notes on the Alphabet Notes on the Alphabet Notes on the Alphabet

1111 αααα (alpha) sounds broad like aaaa in armarmarmarm at the end of a word and before ρρρρ (rho) final or ρρρρ followed by a different consonant Otherwise it sounds like aaaa in manmanmanman

2222 γγγγ (gamma) has the nasal sound like ngngngng in kingkingkingking when followed by γγγγ (gamma) κκκκ (kappa) χχχχ (chi - [khee] ) or ξξξξ (xi - [ksee] ) Otherwise it sounds like gggg in gogogogo

3333 ζζζζ (zeta) always sounds like dzdzdzdz in adzeadzeadzeadze

4444 ϑϑϑϑ (theta) never has the guttural sound like thththth in thithithithissss

5555 ιιιι (iota) has the long sound of eeeeeeee (like iiii in machinemachinemachinemachine) when it ends an accented syllable in other situations a more obscure sound like iiii in amiableamiableamiableamiable or imbimbimbimbeeeecilecilecilecile

6666 ττττ (tau) never has a sibilant sound like tttt in nationnationnationnation or naturenaturenaturenature

7777 χχχχ (chi) from the difficulty of producing the true sound of χχχχ it is generally sounded like kkkk Every letter is sounded and with the above exceptions invariably the same

2 ACCENT2 ACCENT2 ACCENT2 ACCENT

sect 3sect 3sect 3sect 3 Each word (except a very few monosyllables - called AtonicAtonicAtonicAtonicssss - unaccented) has one of the following accents written over a vowel in it which marks the place of the spoken tone A few small words called EEEEnclinclinclinclitttticsicsicsics generally throw their accent as an acute on the last syllable of the preceding word (in addition to its own accent which still has the principal stress) wherever possible

sect 4sect 4sect 4sect 4 The acuteacuteacuteacute ( ʹ ) which is the foundation of all the accents stands on one of the last three syllables In verbs with the exception of certain forms it stands as far toward the beginning of the word as the rules below allow In other parts of speech it stands on the same syllable as in the ground-form (that given in the lexicon) except as required by these rules When the last syllable has a long vowel or diphthong it stands on the syllable before the last

sect 5sect 5sect 5sect 5 The gravegravegravegrave accent ( `) is only written in place of the acute on the last syllable when not before a pause or when unemphatic It is understood to belong to all other syllables

sect 6sect 6sect 6sect 6 The circumflexcircumflexcircumflexcircumflex ( aeligaelig aeligaelig or ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ) is placed on a syllable formed by the combination of two the first of which had an acute and the second a grave hence only on the last or next to the last syllable and only on a long vowel or a diphthong When the last syllable has a short vowel such a penult (next to last syllable) if accented takes the circumflex

3 BREA3 BREA3 BREA3 BREATHINGS VOWELS DIPHTHINGS VOWELS DIPHTHINGS VOWELS DIPHTHINGS VOWELS DIPHTHONGS ETCTHONGS ETCTHONGS ETCTHONGS ETC

sect 7sect 7sect 7sect 7 A vowel beginning a word takes either the rough breathingrough breathingrough breathingrough breathing ( ) which is pronounced like the English hhhh or else to show the absence of that the smooth breathingsmooth breathingsmooth breathingsmooth breathing ( rsquorsquorsquorsquo ) which has no appreciable sound Initial ρρρρ (rho) and υυυυ (upsilon) always take the rough breathing and double ρρρρ (rho) in the middle of a word takes the smooth breathingsmooth breathingsmooth breathingsmooth breathing ( rsquorsquorsquorsquo ) on the first and the rough breathingrough breathingrough breathingrough breathing ( ) on the second

sect 8sect 8sect 8sect 8 The vowels are short εεεε (epsilon) and οοοο (omicron) long ηηηη (eta) and ωωωω (omega) or doubtful αααα (alpha) ιιιι (iota) and υυυυ (upsilon) which last although naturally short are sometimes lengthened by derivation

sect 9sect 9sect 9sect 9 The diphthongs are as followsndash

ProperProperProperProper With Iota SubscriptWith Iota SubscriptWith Iota SubscriptWith Iota Subscript ImproperImproperImproperImproper

αιαιαιαι [ahrsquohee] sounds like [ă ă ă ă (ah) ++++ ēēēē (ee) ] (spoken as one syllable = ayayayay)

ᾳ ᾳ ᾳ ᾳ = α α α α ηυ ηυ ηυ ηυ = η η η η and υ υ υ υ

ειειειει sounds like eyeeyeeyeeye ῃ ῃ ῃ ῃ = η η η η ωυ ωυ ωυ ωυ = ω ω ω ω and υ υ υ υ

οιοιοιοι sounds like oyoyoyoy (as in oioioioillll) ῳ ῳ ῳ ῳ = ω ω ω ω

υιυιυιυι sounds like wewewewe (as in ssssweweweweetetetet)

αυαυαυαυ sounds like owowowow (as in nnnnowowowow)

ευευευευ sounds like yyyyoooouuuu (or eueueueu as in ffffeueueueudddd)

ουουουου sounds like oooooooo (or ouououou as in thrthrthrthrououououghghghgh)

sect 10sect 10sect 10sect 10 In diphthongs the breathing and accent are written over the secondsecondsecondsecond vowel A capital (initial) letter in other cases takes them beforebeforebeforebefore it

sect 11sect 11sect 11sect 11 The punctuation marks are the comma ( ) the semicolon ( ) the period ( ) and the interrogation point ( )

LESSON IILESSON IILESSON IILESSON II

EUPHONIC CHANGESEUPHONIC CHANGESEUPHONIC CHANGESEUPHONIC CHANGES

sect 12sect 12sect 12sect 12 When two consonantsconsonantsconsonantsconsonants come together the first is made homogeneous with the second as followsndash

sect 13sect 13sect 13sect 13 Mutes of a different class must have the same degree of hardness according to the following classificationndash

SmoothSmoothSmoothSmooth MiddleMiddleMiddleMiddle RoughRoughRoughRough SibilantSibilantSibilantSibilant

(with ldquosrdquo)

Kappa-mutes

κκκκ (kappa) ndash [caprsquo-pah]

γγγγ (gamma) - [gamrsquo-mah] χχχχ (chi) - [khee] ξξξξ (xi) - [ksee]

Pi-mutes ππππ (pi) - [pee] ββββ (beta) - [bayrsquo-tah] φφφφ (phi) - [fee] ψψψψ (psi) - [psee]

Tau-mutes ττττ (tau) - [tow] δδδδ (delta) ϑϑϑϑ (theta) ndash [thayrsquo-tah]

ζζζζ (zeta) - [dzayrsquo-tah]

sect 14sect 14sect 14sect 14 A smoothsmoothsmoothsmooth final mute is roughened before a vowel with the rough breathing A rough muterough muterough muterough mute is not doubled nor can successive syllables begin with an aspirateaspirateaspirateaspirate (a consonant pronounced with aspiration) A tau-mute is sometimes dropped before σσσσ (sigma) and always before κκκκ (kappa) before a different tau-mute it is changed into σσσσ

sect 15sect 15sect 15sect 15 Before μμμμ (mu) a kappa-mute is changed into γγγγ (gamma) a pi-mute into μμμμ (mu) and a tau-mute into σσσσ (sigma)

sect 16sect 16sect 16sect 16 νννν (nu) before a kappa-mute becomes γγγγ (gamma) before a pi-mute μμμμ (mu) before a liquid λλλλ (lambda) μμμμ (mu) νννν (nu) or ρρρρ (rho) it is changed into the same liquid before σσσσ (sigma) or ζζζζ (zeta) it is dropped

sect 17sect 17sect 17sect 17 νννν (nu) is appended to certain endings in σισισισι [see] or εεεε (epsilon) before a pause or a vowel

sect 18sect 18sect 18sect 18 There are several other less important rules and some exceptions to most of the above

sect 19sect 19sect 19sect 19 A long vowellong vowellong vowellong vowel or diphthongdiphthongdiphthongdiphthong is used as an equivalent for two (usually short) vowels in immediate succession or as a compensation for the omission of a consonant sometimes for both

sect 20sect 20sect 20sect 20 The changes in the union of two vowels are various depending upon their comparative strength position and relation to the long vowels or diphthongs respectively They are readily learned by practice

sect 21sect 21sect 21sect 21 Compensation is not always thus made for the omission of a consonant Sometimes the omission occurs too far back in the derivation to be easily traced

sect 22sect 22sect 22sect 22 A final vowel is sometimes elided (omitted) before another vowel and its place indicated by the apostrophe ( o r rsquorsquorsquorsquo )

sect 23sect 23sect 23sect 23 There are several dialectsdialectsdialectsdialects which chiefly affect the vowels (like provincial pronunciation) but in later Greek (koinhrsquokoinhrsquokoinhrsquokoinhrsquo - KKKKoineoineoineoine - (koy-nayh) = ldquocommoncommoncommoncommonrdquo to which the New Testament Greek belongs) they were merged in that ldquocommoncommoncommoncommonrdquo Greek dialect the Attic being the pre-dominating dialect

NOUNSNOUNSNOUNSNOUNS

Nouns are of threethreethreethree declensions (descents) threethreethreethree genders threethreethreethree numbers and fivefivefivefive cases all indicated by changes of termination (suffix)

sect 24sect 24sect 24sect 24 The three declensions (descents) (numbered 1 2 and 3) are only different modes of inflection (deviated suffixes)

sect 25sect 25sect 25sect 25 Names and designations of males nations the months rivers and winds are almost invariably masculinemasculinemasculinemasculine those of females countries islands cities trees and plants are usually femininefemininefemininefeminine of the neuterneuterneuterneuter gender are most names of fruits and diminutives and always the names of the letters infinitives clauses indeclinable words and words used as the symbol of a sound In the third declension (descent) especially the (grammatical) gender in many instances is arbitrary

sect 26sect 26sect 26sect 26 The singularsingularsingularsingular and pluralpluralpluralplural are used as in English The dualdualdualdual denotes two or a pair it is comparatively rare and never occurs in the New Testament

sect 27sect 27sect 27sect 27 The casescasescasescases express the relations of words to each other in a sentence as followsndash

CASECASECASECASE NameNameNameNamessss UseUseUseUse EquivalentEquivalentEquivalentEquivalent

Nominative Subject of a finite verb (Simple form)

Genitive Origin or Ownership From of etc

Dative Position or Manner In by for to etc

Accusative Direction or Object Toward into etc

Vocative Address O

sect 28sect 28sect 28sect 28 The following are the terminations (suffixes endings) of the First DeclensionFirst DeclensionFirst DeclensionFirst Declension (descent)ndash

SingularSingularSingularSingular CASESCASESCASESCASES PluralPluralPluralPlural

Masc Fem Masc and Fem

ας ας ας ας or ης ης ης ης α α α α or η η η η Nominative αιαιαιαι

ονονονον ας ας ας ας or ης ης ης ης Genitive ῶῶῶῶνννν

ᾳ ᾳ ᾳ ᾳ or ῃῃῃῃ Dative αιςαιςαιςαις

αν αν αν αν or ην ην ην ην Accusative αςαςαςας

α α α α or η η η η Vocative αιαιαιαι

DualDualDualDual---- Nom Acc Voc αααα ~ Gen Dat αιναιναιναιν

sect 29sect 29sect 29sect 29 The αααα (alpha) in the terminations (suffixes) of the singular is mostly used when ρρρρ (rho) εεεε (epsilon) or ιιιι (iota) precedes it and in the Nominative Accusative and Vocative when λλλλ (lambda) or σσσσ (sigma) and frequently when νννν (nu) precedes it A few nouns have αααα in the Genitive singular

LESSON IIILESSON IIILESSON IIILESSON III

NOUNSNOUNSNOUNSNOUNSndashndashndashndashContinued

sect 30sect 30sect 30sect 30 The following are the terminations of the Second DeclensionSecond DeclensionSecond DeclensionSecond Declensionndash

SingularSingularSingularSingular CCCCASESASESASESASES PluralPluralPluralPlural

Masc Neut Masc Neut

οςοςοςος ονονονον Nominative οιοιοιοι αααα

ουουουου Genitive ωνωνωνων

ῳῳῳῳ Dative οιςοιςοιςοις

ονονονον Accusative ουςουςουςους αααα

εεεε ονονονον Vocative οιοιοιοι αααα

DualDualDualDual---- Nom Acc Voc ωωωω ~ Gen Dat οινοινοινοιν

sect 31sect 31sect 31sect 31 The few feminine nouns of this declension take the masculine terminations The Vocative masculine singular is occasionally οςοςοςος

sect 32sect 32sect 32sect 32 The following are the terminations of the Third DeclensionThird DeclensionThird DeclensionThird Declensionndash


Masc and Fem Neut Masc and Fem Neut

ςςςς (or long vowel before final letter) (naked stem) Nominative εςεςεςες αααα

οςοςοςος Genitive ωνωνωνων

ιιιι Dative σισισισι(νννν)

ν ν ν ν or α α α α (naked stem) Accusative αςαςαςας αααα

(like Nom or Neut) (naked stem) Vocative εςεςεςες αααα

DualDualDualDual---- Nom Acc Voc εεεε ~ Gen Dat οινοινοινοιν

sect 33sect 33sect 33sect 33 The Nominative singular is so often changed by the euphonic rules that the stem of the noun is best seen in the Genitive case Nouns in ιςιςιςις υςυςυςυς and ευςευςευςευς take the (earlier Attic Greek) Genitive εωςεωςεωςεως (ωωωω - omega regarded as shortshortshortshort) The αααα (alpha) of the Accusative singular is usually after a consonant Many irregularities and some anomalies occur which may generally be learned from the lexicon

AAAADJECTIVESDJECTIVESDJECTIVESDJECTIVES

sect 34sect 34sect 34sect 34 These are declineddeclineddeclineddeclined (descended) like nouns having sometimes three sets of terminations (suffixes) for the respective genders sometimes two (masculine and feminine alike) rarely but one (all genders alike) The masculine and neuter are always of the same declension (second or third) and the feminine when different always of the first ParticiplesParticiplesParticiplesParticiples are declined like adjectives

sect 35sect 35sect 35sect 35 Adjectives are comparedcomparedcomparedcompared either by using an adverb expressive of degree or more regularly by adding to the stem of the positive the syllables ότεροςότεροςότεροςότερος or ίωνίωνίωνίων for the comparative and ότατοςότατοςότατοςότατος or ιστοςιστοςιστοςιστος for the superlative Some euphonic changes occur in making these additions which then take the regular declensional endings

NUMERALSNUMERALSNUMERALSNUMERALS

sect 36sect 36sect 36sect 36 The cardinalcardinalcardinalcardinal numbers are either simple (the units tens and a few others) or compound (intermediate numbers) Those from one to four inclusive and the hundreds and thousands are declined like adjectives They may all be learned from the lexicon

sect 37sect 37sect 37sect 37 The ordinalsordinalsordinalsordinals are mostly formed from the cardinals by adjective endings

PRONOUNSPRONOUNSPRONOUNSPRONOUNS

sect 38sect 38sect 38sect 38 Of the personalpersonalpersonalpersonal pronouns those of the 1st and 2nd persons only are specially noteworthy being declined as nouns irregularlyndash

CASESCASESCASESCASES IIII or MeMeMeMe WeWeWeWe or UsUsUsUs ThouThouThouThou or TheeTheeTheeThee YeYeYeYe or YouYouYouYou

Nominative ἐἐἐἐγώγώγώγώ ἡἡἡἡμεμεμεμεῖῖῖῖςςςς σύσύσύσύ ὑὑὑὑμεμεμεμεῖῖῖῖςςςς

Genitive (ἐἐἐἐ)μομομομοῦῦῦῦ ἡἡἡἡμμμμῶῶῶῶνννν σοσοσοσοῦῦῦῦ ὑὑὑὑμμμμῶῶῶῶνννν

Dative (ἐἐἐἐ)μοίμοίμοίμοί ἡἡἡἡμμμμῖῖῖῖνννν σοίσοίσοίσοί ὑὑὑὑμμμμῖῖῖῖνννν

Accusative (ἐἐἐἐ)μέμέμέμέ ἡἡἡἡμμμμᾶᾶᾶᾶςςςς σέσέσέσέ ὑὑὑὑμμμμᾶᾶᾶᾶςςςς

sect 39sect 39sect 39sect 39 The rest are declined as adjectivesndashmasculine οςοςοςος feminine ηηηη (eta) neuter οοοο (omicron) often compounded one or both parts being declined but with the exception of τιςτιςτιςτις (interrogative τίςτίςτίςτίς indefinite ττττὶὶὶὶςςςς) neuter τιτιτιτι Genitive τινοςτινοςτινοςτινος of the third declension the articlearticlearticlearticle (definite only) and the demonstrativedemonstrativedemonstrativedemonstrative alone are very peculiar in declension as followsndash

SingularSingularSingularSingular TheTheTheThe PluralPluralPluralPlural

Masc Neut Fem CASESCASESCASESCASES Masc Neut Fem

ὁὁὁὁ τότότότό ἡἡἡἡ Nominative οοοοἱἱἱἱ τάτάτάτά ααααἱἱἱἱ

τοτοτοτοῦῦῦῦ ττττῆῆῆῆςςςς Genitive ττττῶῶῶῶνννν ττττῶῶῶῶνννν

ττττῷῷῷῷ ττττῇῇῇῇ Dative τοτοτοτοῖῖῖῖςςςς ταταταταῖῖῖῖςςςς

τόντόντόντόν τότότότό τήντήντήντήν Accusative ----ούςούςούςούς τάτάτάτά τάςτάςτάςτάς

DuaDuaDuaDuallll---- Nom Acc Voc τώ τάτώ τάτώ τάτώ τά ~ Gen Dat τοτοτοτοῖῖῖῖν ταν ταν ταν ταῖῖῖῖνννν

SingularSingularSingularSingular ThisThisThisThis TheseTheseTheseThese PluralPluralPluralPlural


οοοοὗὗὗὗτοςτοςτοςτος τοτοτοτοῦῦῦῦτοτοτοτο ααααὕὕὕὕτητητητη Nominative οοοοὗὗὗὗτοιτοιτοιτοι ταταταταῦῦῦῦτατατατα ααααὗὗὗὗταιταιταιται

τοτοτοτούύύύτουτουτουτου ταύτηςταύτηςταύτηςταύτης Genitive τούτωντούτωντούτωντούτων τούτωντούτωντούτωντούτων

τούττούττούττούτῳῳῳῳ ----αύταύταύταύτῃῃῃῃ Dative τούτοιςτούτοιςτούτοιςτούτοις ταύταιςταύταιςταύταιςταύταις

τοτοτοτοῦῦῦῦττττοοοονννν τοτοτοτοῦῦῦῦτοτοτοτο ταυτηνταυτηνταυτηνταυτην Accusative τούτουτούτουτούτουτούτου

ςςςς ταταταταῦῦῦῦτατατατα ταύταςταύταςταύταςταύτας

DualDualDualDual---- Nom Acc Voc τούτω τατούτω τατούτω τατούτω ταῦῦῦῦτατατατα ~ Gen Dat τούτοιν ταύταιντούτοιν ταύταιντούτοιν ταύταιντούτοιν ταύταιν

LESSON IVLESSON IVLESSON IVLESSON IV

VERBSVERBSVERBSVERBS

sect 40sect 40sect 40sect 40 There are three VOICES ActiveActiveActiveActive MiddleMiddleMiddleMiddle and PassivePassivePassivePassive generally distinguished by the terminationterminationterminationtermination (suffix ending)

The Middle is properly reflexivereflexivereflexivereflexive Some of its tenses have an activeactiveactiveactive meaning A few verbs called deponentdeponentdeponentdeponent are throughout passive in form but active or middle in meaning

sect 41sect 41sect 41sect 41 There are fivefivefivefive MOODS in each voice the IndicativeIndicativeIndicativeIndicative ImperativeImperativeImperativeImperative SubjunctiveSubjunctiveSubjunctiveSubjunctive OptativeOptativeOptativeOptative and InfinitiveInfinitiveInfinitiveInfinitive to which may be added the ParticiplesParticiplesParticiplesParticiples they are mostly known by means of the unionunionunionunion----vowelvowelvowelvowelndashthat which immediately precedes the termination

sect 42sect 42sect 42sect 42 The Indicative Imperative Infinitive and Participles correspond to the English and have a shortshortshortshort union-vowel εεεε (epsilon) οοοο (omicron) or αααα (alpha) except the Perfect and Pluperfect passive which have no union-vowel the Pluperfect active and middle voices which have ειειειει [eye] and the two Aorist (see sect 45sect 45sect 45sect 45 below) tensersquos passive voices which have ηηηη (eta) or its equivalent

sect 43sect 43sect 43sect 43 The Imperative has but two persons 2nd and 3rd The Infinitive has but one termination for all numbers and persons and is very often used as a neuter noun with the article etc yet retaining its construction as a verb

sect 44sect 44sect 44sect 44 The Subjunctive and Optative Moods are used in certain dependentdependentdependentdependent relations like the English subjunctive and potential the former has a longlonglonglong union-vowel (ηηηη or ωωωω) and the latter a diphthong (οιοιοιοι αιαιαιαι or ειειειει) The former generally represents an act as contingent upon outwardoutwardoutwardoutward circumstances and the latter upon a willwillwillwill

sect 45sect 45sect 45sect 45 The TENSES are ninenineninenine the PresentPresentPresentPresent ImperfectImperfectImperfectImperfect PerfectPerfectPerfectPerfect PluperfectPluperfectPluperfectPluperfect two AoristsAoristsAoristsAorists (1st and 2nd equivalent in sense) and three FuturesFuturesFuturesFutures (1st and 2nd equivalent to each other and 3rd very rarely used) they are distinguished by certain letters prefixed inserted or added to the stem or root of the verb They represent time as compared with the presentpresentpresentpresent and never date from that of a preceding verb

sect 46sect 46sect 46sect 46 The Present Perfect Pluperfect and Future tenses answer very nearly to the same tenses in English

sect 47sect 47sect 47sect 47 The Imperfect denotes an act as going on but incomplete or habitual at some time past ldquowas doingwas doingwas doingwas doingrdquo etc

sect 48sect 48sect 48sect 48 The Aorist tenses indicate a single act at a definite time (past in the Indicative but undetermined in the others moods)

sect 49sect 49sect 49sect 49 All the tenses with respect to formformformform may be classed thusndash

I I I I PrimaryPrimaryPrimaryPrimary or Absolute or Absolute or Absolute or Absolute PresentPresentPresentPresent PerfectPerfectPerfectPerfect FuturesFuturesFuturesFutures

II II II II SecondarySecondarySecondarySecondary or Historical or Historical or Historical or Historical ImperfectImperfectImperfectImperfect PluperfectPluperfectPluperfectPluperfect AoristsAoristsAoristsAorists

Table ofTable ofTable ofTable of Verb Endings Verb Endings Verb Endings Verb Endings

These classes usually have the following endings respectivelyndash

Active FormActive FormActive FormActive Form PersonsPersonsPersonsPersons Middle and PassiveMiddle and PassiveMiddle and PassiveMiddle and Passive

IIII IIIIIIII IIII IIIIIIII

Pres and Fut

Perfect Optative SingSingSingSingularularularular

οοοο ndash νννν μιμιμιμι 1st μαιμαιμαιμαι μηνμηνμηνμην

ιςιςιςις ςςςς 2nd σαισαισαισαι (σσσσ)οοοο

ιιιι ndash 3rd ταιταιταιται τοτοτοτο

PlurPlurPlurPluralalalal

μενμενμενμεν 1st μεμεμεμεϑϑϑϑαααα

τετετετε 2nd σσσσϑϑϑϑεεεε

(ντντντντ) σι σι σι σι (νννν) (σασασασα)νννν 3rd νταινταινταινται ντοντοντοντο

2nd person ---- τοντοντοντον 3rd person ---- τηντηντηντην

DualDualDualDual 1st person ---- μεμεμεμεϑϑϑϑονονονον 2nd person ---- σσσσϑϑϑϑονονονον 3rd person ---- σσσσϑϑϑϑηνηνηνην

NotNotNotNotes on the Table of Verb Endingses on the Table of Verb Endingses on the Table of Verb Endingses on the Table of Verb Endings

sect 50sect 50sect 50sect 50 In the Present and Future tenses the οοοο (omicron) of the 1st person singular active voice is contracted (with the union-vowel) into ωωωω (omega) and the σαισαισαισαι of the 2nd person singular passive voice into ῃῃῃῃ (eta) or ειειειει [eye]

sect 51sect 51sect 51sect 51 Signification limits the primary terminations to the Indicative and Subjunctive Moods and the secondary to the Indicative and Optative Moods likewise the Imperfect and Pluperfect tenses to the Indicative Mood and the Imperative Mood to the Present Aorists and (rarely) the Perfect tenses

sect 52sect 52sect 52sect 52 The activeactiveactiveactive voice terminations are assumed throughout by the Perfect and Pluperfect tense - middle voice and the Aorists tensesrsquo passive voice

sect 53sect 53sect 53sect 53 The terminations of the Imperative Mood are analogous to the secondary in the active voice and in the middle and passive voices they are merely the same strengthened thusndash SingSingSingSingularularularular 2nd person ndash [Aorist passive ϑϑϑϑιιιι 1st Aorist active (σσσσ)ovovovov (passive οοοο [1st Aorist - middle voice ιιιι] or σοσοσοσο) 3rd person τωτωτωτω (passive σσσσϑϑϑϑωωωω) PlurPlurPlurPluralalalal 2nd person τετετετε (passive σσσσϑϑϑϑεεεε) 3rd person τωσαντωσαντωσαντωσαν [or contracted ντωνντωνντωνντων] (passive σσσσϑϑϑϑωσανωσανωσανωσαν [Dual 2nd person τοντοντοντον (σσσσϑϑϑϑονονονον) 3rd person τωντωντωντων (σσσσϑϑϑϑωνωνωνων) ]

sect 54sect 54sect 54sect 54 The Infinitive Mood in the active voice form ends in ενενενεν [contracted with union-vowel into εινεινεινειν] (Present Future and 2nd Aorist tenses) αιαιαιαι (1st Aorist tense) or ναιναιναιναι (Perfect active and middle voice and both Aorist passive voices) elsewhere in σσσσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι

sect 55sect 55sect 55sect 55 In the Participles the stem ends in ντντντντ in the active voice forms (except the Perfect active and middle voices which have ότότότότ) the rest take μενμενμενμεν (Perfect passive voice = μένμένμένμέν) These latter are [masc and neut] of the second declension the others of the third declension

sect 56sect 56sect 56sect 56 Verbs in μιμιμιμι [mee] insert σσσσ (sigma) before the final ιιιι (iota) of the 3rd person singular Present tense - Indicative mood - active voice and vary in a few other terminations chiefly by contraction

LESSON VLESSON VLESSON VLESSON V

VERBSVERBSVERBSVERBSndashContinued

sect 57sect 57sect 57sect 57 The root of every primitiveprimitiveprimitiveprimitive verb is a monosyllable consisting of a short vowel (αααα εεεε ιιιι οοοο or υυυυ) between two (usually simple) consonants Sometimes one or the other of the latter has been dropped far back in the etymology This root is most readily found in the 1st Future tense subject only to euphonic changes The 2nd Aorist tense always has a monosyllabic root with a single vowel never long but this may be somewhat different from the true root Primitive verbs only have a 2nd Aorist tense

sect 58sect 58sect 58sect 58 The Present and Imperfect tenses commonly strengthenstrengthenstrengthenstrengthen the root either by adding a hard consonant (sometimes more than one) or (oftener) by changing the root vowel into the corresponding long one or into a diphthong

sect 59sect 59sect 59sect 59 The following tenses add certain characteristiccharacteristiccharacteristiccharacteristic letters to the rootndash

1st Future and 1st Aorist tenses Active and Middle voices (of verbs not liquid) and 3rd Future tense

σσσσ

1st Aorist tense - Passive voice ϑϑϑϑ

1st Future tense - Passive voice ϑϑϑϑησησησησ

2nd Future tense - Passive voice ηηηησσσσ

2nd (in liquid verbs 1st) Future tense - Active and Middle voices εεεε

Perfect and Pluperfect tenses - Active voice of pure and liquid verbs κκκκ

Perfect and Pluperfect tenses - Active voice ending in a pi- or kappa-mute ( ῾)

sect 60sect 60sect 60sect 60 Tenses expressing past timepast timepast timepast time (Imperfect and Aorists tensesrsquo Indicative mood) prefix εεεε (ldquosyllabicsyllabicsyllabicsyllabic augmentaugmentaugmentaugmentrdquo) to the root this coalesces with an initial vowel (ldquotemporal augmenttemporal augmenttemporal augmenttemporal augmentrdquo) into the corresponding long vowel or diphthong The Perfect Pluperfect and 3rd Future tenses not only do the same throughout the moods but also prefix to the syllabicsyllabicsyllabicsyllabic augmentaugmentaugmentaugment the initial consonant of the root (ldquoreduplicationreduplicationreduplicationreduplicationrdquo) when this is a simple consonant or a mute followed by a liquid The Pluperfect tense prefixes a second syllabic augmentsyllabic augmentsyllabic augmentsyllabic augment to the reduplication

sect 61sect 61sect 61sect 61 Initial ρρρρ (rho) (which is doubled after the syllabic augment) βλβλβλβλ γλγλγλγλ and γνγνγνγν do not except in a few cases allow the reduplication Verbs compounded with a preposition generally take the augment etc between it and the primitive A few other irregularities occur

sect 62sect 62sect 62sect 62 Verbs are classified in conjugation (the inflection of verbs) according to the radical letter following the root vowel or diphthong in the 1st person singular Present tense - Indicative mood - active voice lexicon form in ldquoliquidliquidliquidliquidrdquo verbs (not derivatives in άνωάνωάνωάνω which is merely strengthened for άωάωάωάω) this is a liquidliquidliquidliquid in ldquopurepurepurepurerdquo verbs it is absent so that the root appears to end in a vowel etc Very many verbs seem to be anomalous in some of their forms in consequence of deriving these from an obsolete kindred root The lexicon gives most of these peculiarities

sect 63sect 63sect 63sect 63 LiquidLiquidLiquidLiquid verbs almost always strengthen their root in the Present and Imperfect tenses they lengthen it in the 1st Aorist tensesrsquo active and middle voices by changing the root vowel if αααα (alpha) into ηηηη (eta) if εεεε (epsilon) into ειειειει [eye] while ιιιι (iota) and υυυυ (upsilon) merely become long εεεε as a root vowel is generally changed into αααα in the 1st Aorist and 1st Future tensesrsquo passive voice the Perfect and Pluperfect tensesrsquo active and passive voices and the 2nd Aorist and 2nd Future tenses throughout and again into οοοο in the Perfect and Pluperfect tensesrsquo middle voice

sect 64sect 64sect 64sect 64 The above strengthening in the Present and Imperfect tenses consists in doubling λλλλ (lambda) annexing νννν (nu) to μμμμ (mu) or in case of νννν or ρρρρ (rho) in adding ιιιι to a preceding αααα (alpha) or εεεε (epsilon) or lengthening ιιιι or υυυυ The radical νννν is often dropped in Perfect and Pluperfect tenses

sect 65sect 65sect 65sect 65 Verbs with εεεε followed by a pipipipi---- or kappakappakappakappa----mutemutemutemute in the root frequently neglect to strengthen it in the Present and Imperfect tenses and verbs with εεεε in the root preceded by a liquid usually change it into αααα and οοοο (omicron) in the same tenses as liquid verbs except in the 1st Aorist tense and the Future tensesrsquo passive voice

sect 66sect 66sect 66sect 66 PurePurePurePure verbs lengthen the root vowel before a tense characteristic also in the Perfect tense and Pluperfect tensesrsquo passive voice A few occasionally neglect this and some insert σσσσ (sigma) instead

sect 67sect 67sect 67sect 67 Verbs in μιμιμιμι ndash meemeemeemee (lexicon form instead of ωωωω - omega) are but another mode of conjugating pure verbs (being the only primitives of that class whose root ends in αααα - alpha εεεε - epsilon or oooo - omicron) in the Present Imperfect and 2nd Aorist tenses in all which tenses the union-vowel coalesces with the root vowel They have a peculiar inflection chiefly by reason of the Imperfect tense and 2nd Aorist tensesrsquo active voice taking throughout the terminations of the Aorists tensesrsquo passive voice The Present and Imperfect tenses reduplicate with ιιιι the initial consonant (prefixing simply ἱἱἱἱ (iota) if that cannot be done and sometimes adopting other modes of strengthening) and in the active voice they lengthen the root in the Indicative mood αααα or εεεε into ηηηη (eta) and οοοο into ωωωω (omega) The 2nd Aorist tense (those in υμυμυμυμιιιι being factitious have not this tense) has in the active voice a long vowel or diphthong throughout except the Imperative mood εεεε or oooo and the Participle

Notes on Certain Verbs Notes on Certain Verbs Notes on Certain Verbs Notes on Certain Verbs ending ending ending ending in μιin μιin μιin μι

sect 68sect 68sect 68sect 68 The verb τίτίτίτίϑϑϑϑημιημιημιημι (tithemitithemitithemitithemi [teersquo-thay-mee] ) = [to putto putto putto put] has in the Active voice 1st Aorist tense ἔἔἔἔϑϑϑϑηκαηκαηκαηκα (ethekaethekaethekaetheka [ethrsquo-ay-kah] ) Perfect tense τέτέτέτέϑϑϑϑεικαεικαεικαεικα (tetheikatetheikatetheikatetheika [tethrsquo-eye-kah] ) δδδδίίίίδδδδωμιωμιωμιωμι (ddddiiiiddddomiomiomiomi [deersquo-doh-mee] ) = [to giveto giveto giveto give] has 1st Aorist tense ἔἔἔἔδωκαδωκαδωκαδωκα (edokaedokaedokaedoka [ehrsquo-doh-kah] )

sect 69sect 69sect 69sect 69 ε ε ε εἰἰἰἰμίμίμίμί (eimieimieimieimi [eye-meersquo] ) = [to bto bto bto beeee] is inflected thusndash εεεεἶἶἶἶ (eieieiei [eye] ) = [thou artthou artthou artthou art] ἐἐἐἐστίστίστίστί(νννν) (estiestiestiesti(nnnn) [ess-tee(n)rsquo ] ) = [isisisis] ἐἐἐἐσμένσμένσμένσμέν (esmenesmenesmenesmen [ess-mehnrsquo] ) = [we arewe arewe arewe are] ἐἐἐἐστίστίστίστί (estiestiestiesti [ess-teersquo] ) = [ye areye areye areye are] εεεεἰἰἰἰσίσίσίσί(νννν) (eisieisieisieisi(nnnn) [eye-see(n)rsquo ] ) = [they arethey arethey arethey are] ἴἴἴἴσσσσϑϑϑϑιιιι (isthiisthiisthiisthi [issrsquo-thee] ) = [be thoube thoube thoube thou]

ὤὤὤὤνννν (oooonnnn [ohn] ) = [beingbeingbeingbeing] etc the rest mostly regular See the lexicon for these and for ἵἵἵἵημιημιημιημι (hhhhiiiiemiemiemiemi [heersquo-ay-mee]) = [to sendto sendto sendto send] and εεεεἰἰἰἰμιμιμιμι (eimieimieimieimi [eyersquo-mee] ) = [to goto goto goto go]

sect 70sect 70sect 70sect 70 Several verbs annex σκωσκωσκωσκω ίνωνωνωνω (νννν)νυμινυμινυμινυμι etc instead of μιμιμιμι etc in the Present and Imperfect tenses

LESSON VILESSON VILESSON VILESSON VI

SYNTAXSYNTAXSYNTAXSYNTAXndashConcordConcordConcordConcordanceanceanceance

sect 71sect 71sect 71sect 71 All words placed under the same construction agree together in all the accidents which they possess in common

sect 72sect 72sect 72sect 72 ldquoAppositionAppositionAppositionAppositionrdquo occurs as in English

sect 73sect 73sect 73sect 73 Adjectives agree with their nouns in gender number and case

sect 74sect 74sect 74sect 74 The noun is often understood especially if neut (ldquothingsthingsthingsthingsrdquo)

sect 75sect 75sect 75sect 75 Sometimes a relative is ldquoattractedattractedattractedattractedrdquo into the case of the omitted antecedent (that which is previous or past)

sect 76sect 76sect 76sect 76 A verb agrees with its subject nominative in number and person

sect 77sect 77sect 77sect 77 The casecasecasecase of the subject of the Infinitive mood depends upon other relations

sect 78sect 78sect 78sect 78 Neuters plural generally have a singular verb

GGGGOVERNMENTOVERNMENTOVERNMENTOVERNMENT

sect 79sect 79sect 79sect 79 Any word may govern another (or others) which in sense is dependentdependentdependentdependent upon it in the case appropriate for expressing such relation either with or without a preposition

|-----gt gtgtgt----|-----gt gtgtgt---| Genitive Genitive Genitive Genitive Dative Dative Dative Dative Accusative Accusative Accusative Accusative

sect 80sect 80sect 80sect 80 GGGGENITIVEENITIVEENITIVEENITIVE denoting originoriginoriginorigin answering to WhenWhenWhenWhencececece and expressed by fromfromfromfrom

sect 81sect 81sect 81sect 81 ldquoLocalLocalLocalLocalrdquo involving externalexternalexternalexternal relations of space either in a literal or a figurative sense This includes actual motionmotionmotionmotion from an object generally with a preposition (ἀἀἀἀπόπόπόπό ndash apoapoapoapo ἐἐἐἐκκκκ ndash ekekekek or παράπαράπαράπαρά ndash paraparaparapara [pa-ra] ) seseseseparaparaparaparationtiontiontion from it usually with verbs compounded with a preposition and commencementcommencementcommencementcommencement

sect 82sect 82sect 82sect 82 ldquoCausalCausalCausalCausalrdquo denoting a more internalinternalinternalinternal relation as if the outgoing of some agency or property as followsndash

sect 83sect 83sect 83sect 83 ActiveActiveActiveActive either direct inferential or metaphysical This includes relations of source (eg derivation [commonly with ἐἐἐἐκκκκ (ekekekek) sometimes ἀἀἀἀπόπόπόπό (apoapoapoapo [ap-ahrsquo] ) direct authorship with ὐὐὐὐπόπόπόπό (upoupoupoupo [oo-pahrsquo] ) possession property [often with an Infinitive] ) partitivepartitivepartitivepartitive use (eg a class material partial relations) and the Genitive of time (in the coursecoursecoursecourse of which) especially the ldquo Genitive Genitive Genitive Genitive AAAAbsolutebsolutebsolutebsoluterdquo with a Participle as affording occasion

sect 84sect 84sect 84sect 84 ldquoPassivePassivePassivePassiverdquo that is indirect the act being for the sake of the Genitive This includes verbs implying a mental mental mental mental operationoperationoperationoperation adjectives and other words denoting skillskillskillskill and the Genitive of crimecrimecrimecrime or purposepurposepurposepurpose (the last mostly an Infinitive with the article)

sect 85sect 85sect 85sect 85 ldquoMutualMutualMutualMutualrdquo eg comparisoncomparisoncomparisoncomparison and pricepricepriceprice or penaltypenaltypenaltypenalty

sect 86sect 86sect 86sect 86 The ldquoAAAAttributive ttributive ttributive ttributive GenitiveGenitiveGenitiveGenitiverdquo is a comprehensive relation arising under several of the above heads between two nouns designating differentdifferentdifferentdifferent objects which may be thus expressed When two nouns are connected with each When two nouns are connected with each When two nouns are connected with each When two nouns are connected with each other that one which completes the idea of the other and defines it more fully is put in the other that one which completes the idea of the other and defines it more fully is put in the other that one which completes the idea of the other and defines it more fully is put in the other that one which completes the idea of the other and defines it more fully is put in the ldquoGenGenGenGenitiveitiveitiveitiverdquo

sect 87sect 87sect 87sect 87 DDDDATIVEATIVEATIVEATIVE denoting positionpositionpositionposition answering to WhereWhereWhereWhere and expressed by atatatat

sect 88sect 88sect 88sect 88 ldquoLocalLocalLocalLocalrdquo involving the more palpable relations of position This includes the placeplaceplaceplace (ie at by near in the at by near in the at by near in the at by near in the

midst ofmidst ofmidst ofmidst of generally with ἐἐἐἐνννν (enenenen) ἐἐἐἐπίπίπίπί (epiepiepiepi) παράπαράπαράπαρά (paraparaparapara) etc) associationassociationassociationassociation accompanimentaccompanimentaccompanimentaccompaniment (frequently with σύνσύνσύνσύν) and the timetimetimetime (as a date) or circumstancescircumstancescircumstancescircumstances of a transaction

sect 89sect 89sect 89sect 89 ldquoCausalCausalCausalCausalrdquo denoting the object upon whichupon whichupon whichupon which the act or state appears thus conceived as sharing in producing it as followsndash

sect 90sect 90sect 90sect 90 PersonalPersonalPersonalPersonal either actually or so imagined This includes words expressing a correlativecorrelativecorrelativecorrelative idea as community (in varied relations) likeness possession agency reference etc

sect 91sect 91sect 91sect 91 InstrumentalInstrumentalInstrumentalInstrumental as the mediate cause eg the ground or reason the means the instrument manner and the measure of excess or deficiency

sect 92sect 92sect 92sect 92 In comprehensive phrase the ldquoAAAAttributive Datttributive Datttributive Datttributive Dativeiveiveiverdquo expresses many indirect relations of an object totototo or forforforfor which an act is performed or a condition sustained

sect 93sect 93sect 93sect 93 AAAACCUSATIVECCUSATIVECCUSATIVECCUSATIVE denoting directiondirectiondirectiondirection answering to WhitherWhitherWhitherWhither and expressed by towardtowardtowardtoward

sect 94sect 94sect 94sect 94 ldquoLocalLocalLocalLocalrdquo involving the boundary place or object of motion especially with εεεεἰἰἰἰςςςς

sect 95sect 95sect 95sect 95 ldquoCausalCausalCausalCausalrdquo involving an influence change or result as impressed upon the object as followsndash

sect 96sect 96sect 96sect 96 The effecteffecteffecteffect either the thing effected an attribute of the effect or the effect intended

sect 97sect 97sect 97sect 97 The object acted uponobject acted uponobject acted uponobject acted upon eg with directly transitive verbs those expressing a good or bad influence patience swearing sometimes a mental affection etc also the spacespacespacespace or waywaywayway after a verb of motion the time (throughoutthroughoutthroughoutthroughout which) measure and weight and finally (ldquoAttributive AccusativeAttributive AccusativeAttributive AccusativeAttributive Accusativerdquo) with any verb or adjective (sometimes other words) to define its application more closely especially if of kindred signification

OOOORDER OF RDER OF RDER OF RDER OF WWWWORDS IN A ORDS IN A ORDS IN A ORDS IN A SSSSENTENCEENTENCEENTENCEENTENCE

sect 98sect 98sect 98sect 98 This is usually not as in English that of grammaticalgrammaticalgrammaticalgrammatical dependence but rather the order of thoughtthoughtthoughtthought important or emphatic words come first after the connecting particles prepositions and the article precede their nouns and qualifying terms are grouped in a harmonious balance (ldquoeuphonyeuphonyeuphonyeuphonyrdquo) around the principal ones

LESSON VIILESSON VIILESSON VIILESSON VII

Exercise on John 1Exercise on John 1Exercise on John 1Exercise on John 1 1 1 1 1----5555

DirectionsDirectionsDirectionsDirectionsndashSpell the Greek giving the EnglishEnglishEnglishEnglish equivalents of the consonants (as in sect 1) and the exact phoneticphoneticphoneticphonetic value or sound of the vowels Call the rough breathing hhhh Be careful to put the spoken accentaccentaccentaccent where it is written Continue this practice through all the passages given in the following lessons until the words can be pronounced readily and accurately Familiarize yourself with the forms of the letters by writingwritingwritingwriting them Let the pupil do this while learning the foregoing grammatical lessons and after the recitation of each of them let the teacher direct attention while the passage at the head of the reading lessons is pronounced to the examples illustrating each point as they occurndashby way of paradigm

When viewing the various word forms - stems roots etc in the notes following each lesson of Scripture passages one must refer back to the actual words which are used in the Scripture lesson sections such as below whereby all references in the following notes are based thereon Confusion can result by not doing so These hyperlinks are provided to take you back and forth easily should you so choose The links are designed to put the cursor in the proper place so you will remember what section you came from

John 1 1John 1 1John 1 1John 1 1----5555

1111 Ἐν1 ἀρχῇ2 ἦν3 Ὁ4 Λόγος5 καὶ6 Ὁ4 Λόγος5 ἦν3 πρὸς7 In [the] beginning was The Word and The Word was with

Τὸν8 Θεόν9 καὶ6 Θεὸς10 ἦν3 Ὁ4 Λόγος5 2222 Οὗτος11 ἦν3 ἐν1 [The] GOD and GOD was The Word This [One] was in [the]

ἀρχῇ2 πρὸς7 Τὸν8 Θεόν9 3333 Πάντα12 διʼ13 Aὐτοῦ14 ἐγένετο15 beginning with [The] GOD All [things] by Him were made

καὶ 6 χωρὶς16 Aὐτοῦ14 ἐγένετο15 οὐδὲ17 ἓν18 ὃ19 and without Him was made not even one [thing] which

γέγονεν20 4444 Ἐν1 Aὐτῷ21 Ζωὴ22 ἦν3 καὶ6 Ἡ23 Ζωὴ22 ἦν3 Τὸ24 has been made In Him Life was and The Life was The

Fῶς25 τῶν26 ἀνϑρώπων27 5555 καὶ6 Τὸ24 Fως25 ἐν1 τῇ28 σκοτίᾳ29 Light of [the] men And The Light in the darkness

φαίνει30 καὶ6 ἡ23 σκοτία31 Aὐτὸ32 οὐ33 κατέλαβεν34 shines and the darkness it not admitted

Notes on the Notes on the Notes on the Notes on the above above above above Scriptures Scriptures Scriptures Scriptures fromfromfromfrom John 1 1 John 1 1 John 1 1 John 1 1----5555

1111 ἘἘἘἘνννν (EEEEnnnn [ehn] )ndashpreposition atonic (unaccented) sect 3 stands first sect 98

2222 ἀἀἀἀρχρχρχρχῇῇῇῇ (archearchearchearche [ar-khayrsquo] )ndashnoun from nominative ἀἀἀἀρχήρχήρχήρχή (archearchearchearche [ar-khayrsquo] ) 1st declension feminine sect 28 circumflex sect 6 local dative sect 88 emphatic position sect 98

3333 ἦἦἦἦνννν (enenenen [ane] )ndashverb irregular in μιμιμιμι (mimimimi [mee] ) sect 69 3rd person singular imperfect tense - indicative mood - active voice sect 47 νννν (nu) appended irregularly as ending sect 49 long vowel sect 67

4444 ὉὉὉὉ (HHHHoooo [Hah] )ndasharticle nominative masculine sing sect 39 agrees with its noun sect 73 following sect 98

5555 ΑόγοςΑόγοςΑόγοςΑόγος (LLLLogosogosogosogos [Lahgrsquo-ahss] )ndashnoun 2nd declension nominative sing masculine sect 30 subject of ἦἦἦἦνννν (enenenen [ane] ) sect 76 balances clause sect 98

6666 καίκαίκαίκαί (kaikaikaikai [ka-heersquo] )ndashconjunction changed accent sect 5 position sect 98

7777 πρόςπρόςπρόςπρός (prosprosprospros [prahss] )ndashpreposition literal towardstowardstowardstowards government accusative case sect 27 accent sect 5

8888 ΤΤΤΤόνόνόνόν (TTTTonononon [Tahn] )ndasharticle accusative case sing masculine sect 39 agreement sect 73

9999 ΘΘΘΘεόνεόνεόνεόν (TheonTheonTheonTheon [Theh-ahnrsquo] )ndashnoun literal [the] deitydeitydeitydeity 2nd declension masculine sect 25 accusative case - sing sect 30 government sect 94 position sect 98

10101010 ΘΘΘΘεόςεόςεόςεός (TheosTheosTheosTheos [Theh-ahssrsquo] )ndashnoun literal [the] deitydeitydeitydeity nominative case agreeing with the subject sect 71 without the article because the predicate emphatic position sect 98

11111111 ΟΟΟΟὗὗὗὗτοςτοςτοςτος (HHHHououououtostostostos [Hoorsquo-tahss] )ndashpronoun sect 39 agrees with LLLLόγοςόγοςόγοςόγος (LogosLogosLogosLogos [Lahgrsquo-ahss] ) understood (sect 73) as subject of sentence first as connective accent sect 6 and breathing sect 10

12121212 ΠάνταΠάνταΠάνταΠάντα (PPPPantaantaantaanta [Panrsquo-tah] )ndashadjective pronoun from ππππάςάςάςάς (ppppasasasas [pahss] ) (stem πάντπάντπάντπάντ - (pantpantpantpant) 3rd declension nominative case plur neut sect 32 indefinite without noun expressed sect 74 subject of sentence emphatic position sect 98

13131313 διδιδιδιʼ (didididi-[aaaarsquo] - [dee-[ahrsquo] )ndashpreposition for διαδιαδιαδια (diadiadiadia) with final letter elided (omitted) sect 22

14141414 AAAAὐὐὐὐτοτοτοτοῦῦῦῦ (AAAAutouutouutouutou [Ow-toorsquo] )ndashadjective pronoun used as a personal pronoun genitive case masculine sing sect 30 causal sect 82 Genitive and dative cases of 1st and 2nd declension are always circumflex when accented on the last syllable

15151515 ἐἐἐἐγένετογένετογένετογένετο (egenetoegenetoegenetoegeneto [eh-ghehnrsquo-et-ah] )ndashverb (aorist tense) came to became to became to became to be literal was bornwas bornwas bornwas born from γίνομαιγίνομαιγίνομαιγίνομαι (ginomaiginomaiginomaiginomai [ghinrsquo-ahm-ahee] ) (for γίγνομαιγίγνομαιγίγνομαιγίγνομαι - ggggignomaiignomaiignomaiignomai [gheersquo-gnahm-ahee] strengthened [sect 63] by reduplication [sect 67] and then contracted for γιγενγιγενγιγενγιγεν - gigengigengigengigen [gheersquo-ghehn] ) deponent sect 40 true root γενγενγενγεν (gengengengen [ghehn] ) [our kinkinkinkin] sect 57 here appearing in 2nd aorist tense - middle voice sect 48 ἐἐἐἐ (epsilon) is simple augment (hence the verb is in the indicative mood sect 60) third εεεε is mood-vowel sect 42 τοτοτοτο [tah] is 3rd person sing middle voice sect 49 agreement with the subject sect 78

16161616 χωρίςχωρίςχωρίςχωρίς (cccchorishorishorishoris [khoh-rhissrsquo] )ndashpreposition literal apartapartapartapart accent sect 5 case after sect 81

17171717 οοοοὐὐὐὐδέδέδέδέ (oudeoudeoudeoude [oo-dehrsquo] )ndashcompound negative particle from οοοοὐὐὐὐ (ouououou [oo] ) and δεδεδεδε (dededede [deh] )

18181818 ἕἕἕἕvvvv (enenenen [hehn] )ndashnumeral adjective sect 36 indefinite sect 74 3rd declension nominative case sing neut sect 32 subject of ἐἐἐἐγένετογένετογένετογένετο (egeneegeneegeneegenetotototo [eh-ghehnrsquo-et-ah] )

19191919 ὅὅὅὅ (hohohoho [hah] )ndashrelative adjective sect 39 2nd declension nominative case sing neuter sect 34 agreement sect 73 subject of γέγονεγέγονεγέγονεγέγονε (gegonegegonegegonegegone [gersquo-gah-neh] )

20202020 γέγονενγέγονενγέγονενγέγονεν (gegonegegonegegonegegonennnn [gersquo-gahn-ehn] )ndashverb same as 15 above root-vowel changed in perfect tense - middle voice sect 63 γεγεγεγε (gegegege [geh] ) is reduplication sect 60 last εεεε (epsilon) is mood-vowel of indicative mood sect 42 no additional ending sect 44 hence 3rd person sing (perfect tense) active voice sect 52 final νννν (nu) added before pause sect 17

21212121 AAAAὐὐὐὐττττῳῳῳῳ (AAAAutoutoutouto [Owrsquo-toh] )ndashpronoun same as 14 above dative case sing masculine sect 30 government as 2 above

22222222 ΖΖΖΖωήωήωήωή (ZZZZoeoeoeoe [Dzoh-ayrsquo] )ndashnoun 1st declension fem nominative case sing sect 28 subject of verb following

23232323 ἩἩἩἩ (HHHHeeee [Hay] )ndasharticle fem nominative case sing sect 39 agrees with ΖΖΖΖωήωήωήωή (ZZZZoeoeoeoe [Dzoh-ayrsquo] ) sect 73 atonic (unaccented) sect 3

24242424 ΤΤΤΤόόόό (TTTToooo [Tah] )ndasharticle neut nominative case sing sect 39 agrees with FFFFῶῶῶῶςςςς (PPPPhoshoshoshos [Foce] )

25252525 FFFFῶῶῶῶςςςς (PPPPhoshoshoshos [Foce] )ndashnoun 3rd declension nominative case sing neut (stem φφφφῶῶῶῶττττ - photphotphotphot [foht] for φάοτφάοτφάοτφάοτ - phaotphaotphaotphaot [fahrsquo-aht] ) ςςςς (sigma final) here added (as some neut nouns have) and ττττ (tau) dropped sect 14 predicate nominative sect 71

26262626 ττττῶῶῶῶνννν (tontontonton [tone] )ndasharticle genitive plur masc sect 39 agreement sect 73

22227777 ἀἀἀἀννννϑϑϑϑρώπωνρώπωνρώπωνρώπων (anthroponanthroponanthroponanthropon [an-throhrsquo-pone] )ndashnoun from ἄἄἄἄννννϑϑϑϑρωποςρωποςρωποςρωπος (anthroposanthroposanthroposanthropos [anthrsquo-roh-pahss] ) 2nd declension genitive case plur masc sect 32 government sect 86 accent sect 4

28282828 ττττῇῇῇῇ (tetetete [tay] )ndasharticle dative case sing fem sect 39 agreement sect 73

29292929 σκοσκοσκοσκοτίτίτίτίᾳᾳᾳᾳ (skotiaskotiaskotiaskotia [skah-teersquo-ah] )ndashnoun from σκοτσκοτσκοτσκοτίαίαίαία (skotskotskotskotiaiaiaia [skah-teersquo-ah] ) 1st declension dative case sing fem sect 29 final αααα (alpha) sect 29 ιιιι (iota) subscript sect 9 government sect 88

30303030 φαίνειφαίνειφαίνειφαίνει (phaineiphaineiphaineiphainei [faheersquo-ni] )ndashverb from φαίνωφαίνωφαίνωφαίνω (phainophainophainophaino [faheersquo-noh] ) root φανφανφανφαν (phanphanphanphan [fan] ) strengthened sect 64 εεεε (epsilon) is mood-vowel of indicative mood sect 42 final ιιιι (iota) is tense-ending of present tense 3rd person sing - active voice sect 49 agrees with φφφφῶῶῶῶςςςς (phosphosphosphos [foce] ) sect 76

31313131 σκοτίασκοτίασκοτίασκοτία (skotiaskotiaskotiaskotia [skah-teersquo-ah] )ndashnoun as 29 above nominative sing subject of the clause

32323232 AAAAὐὐὐὐτότότότό (AAAAutoutoutouto [Ow-tahrsquo] )ndashpronoun as 21 above accusative neut sing sect 39 object of κατέλαβεκατέλαβεκατέλαβεκατέλαβε (katelabekatelabekatelabekatelabe [kah-tehrsquo-lab-eh] ) sect 97

33333333 οοοοὐὐὐὐ (ouououou [oo] )ndashsimple negative adverb atonic (unaccented) sect 3

34343434 κατέλαβενκατέλαβενκατέλαβενκατέλαβεν (katelabenkatelabenkatelabenkatelaben [kah-tehrsquo-lab-ehn] )ndashverb from καταλαμβάνωκαταλαμβάνωκαταλαμβάνωκαταλαμβάνω (katakatakatakatalambanolambanolambanolambano [kat-a-lam-banrsquo-oh] ) compound of κατάκατάκατάκατά (katakatakatakata [kat-ahrsquo] ) = downdowndowndown and λαμβάνωλαμβάνωλαμβάνωλαμβάνω (lambanolambanolambanolambano [lam-banrsquo-oh] ) = I receiveI receiveI receiveI receive the root of the simple verb is λαβλαβλαβλαβ (lablablablab) here appearing in the 2nd Aorist tense sect 57 augment sect 60 excluding final αααα (alpha) of preposition sect 61 last αααα likewise shows indicative sect 42 no tense-ending in 3rd person sing active voice secondary sect 49 νννν (nu) appended sect 17 The tense expresses the act of the Jews in rejecting Christ

Lesson VIIILesson VIIILesson VIIILesson VIII


6666 Ἐγένετο1 ἄνϑρωπος2 ἀπεσταλμένος3 παρὰ4 Θεοῦ5 ὄνομα6 [There] was a man sent from GOD [the] name

αὐτῷ7 Ἰωάννης8 7777 Οὗτος9 ἦλϑεν10 εἰς11 μαρτυρίαν12 ἵνα13 to him [was] John This [one] came for testimony that [he]

μαρτυρήσῃ14 περὶ15 Τοῦ16 Φωτός17 ἵνα13 πάντες18 πιστεύσωσι19 might testify concerning The Light that all might believe

δἰ20 Aὐτοῦ21 8888 Οὐκ22 ἦν23 ἐκεῖνος24 Τὸ25 Φῶς26 ἀλλ27 ἵνα13 through Him Not was that [one] The Light but that [he]

μαρτυρήσῃ 14 περὶ15 Τοῦ16 Φωτός17 9999 Ἦν23 Τὸ25 Φῶς26 might testify concerning The Light [There] was The Light

Ἀληϑινόν28 ὃ29 φωτίζει30 πάντα31 ἄνϑρωπον32 ἐρχόμενον33 εἰς11 True [one] which lights every man coming into

τὸν34 κόσμον35 10101010 Ἐν36 τῷ37 κόσμῳ38 ἦv23 καὶ39 ὁ40 κόσμος41 the world In the world [He] was and the world

δἰ20 Aὐτοῦ21 ἐγένετο1 καὶ39 ὁ40 κόσμος41 Aὐτὸν42 οὐκ22 ἔγνω43 through Him was made and the world Him not knew

11111111 Εἰς11 τὰ44 ἴδια45 ἧλϑε10 καὶ39 οἱ46 ἴδιοι47 To the own [things] [He] came and the own [persons]

Aὐτὸν42 οὐ22 παρέλαβαν48 Him not received

Notes on the above Scriptures from John Notes on the above Scriptures from John Notes on the above Scriptures from John Notes on the above Scriptures from John 1 61 61 61 6----11111111

1111 ἘἘἘἘγένετογένετογένετογένετο (egenetoegenetoegenetoegeneto [eg-ehnrsquo-et-ah] )ndashSee vii 15

2222 ἄἄἄἄννννϑϑϑϑρωποςρωποςρωποςρωπος (anthroposanthroposanthroposanthropos [anthrsquo-roh-pahss] )ndashSee vii 27 subject of sentence

3333 ἀἀἀἀπεσταλμένοςπεσταλμένοςπεσταλμένοςπεσταλμένος (apestalmenosapestalmenosapestalmenosapestalmenos [ap-es-tal-menrsquo-ahss] )ndashparticiple from ἀἀἀἀποστέλλωποστέλλωποστέλλωποστέλλω (apostelloapostelloapostelloapostello [ap-os-telrsquo-loh] ) literal I send awayI send awayI send awayI send away compound of the preposition ἀἀἀἀπόπόπόπό (apoapoapoapo [ap-ahrsquo] ) = offoffoffoff and στέλλωστέλλωστέλλωστέλλω (stellostellostellostello [stelrsquo-loh] ) = I I I I

sendsendsendsend root στελστελστελστελ (stelstelstelstel) vowel changed sect 63 the augment cuts off the final οοοο (omicron) of the preposition sect 61 no reduplication sect 60 perfect tense because the augment is beyond the indicative mood sect 60 and no union-vowel sect 42 passive participle ending μενμενμενμεν (menmenmenmen [mehn] ) (sect 55) accent οςοςοςος (osososos) is nominative masc sing sect 34 sect30 agrees with ἄἄἄἄννννϑϑϑϑρωποςρωποςρωποςρωπος (anthroposanthroposanthroposanthropos [anthrsquo-roh-pahss] ) sect 73

4444 παράπαράπαράπαρά (paraparaparapara [pa-rarsquo] )ndashpreposition literal nearnearnearnear with genitive case = from nearfrom nearfrom nearfrom near

5555 ΘΘΘΘεοεοεοεοῦῦῦῦ (TheouTheouTheouTheou [Theh-oorsquo] )ndashSee vii 9 vii 10 here genitive case sect 81

6666 ὄὄὄὄνομανομανομανομα (onomaonomaonomaonoma [ahnrsquo-ah-mah] )ndashnoun neut 3rd declension nominative sing (stem ονονονονoooo ματματματματ (onomonomonomonomatatatat [ahn-ahmrsquo-at] ) final mute always dropped for euphony) subjunctive to waswaswaswas understood (copula may freely be supplied)

7777 ααααὐὐὐὐττττῷῷῷῷ (autoautoautoauto [ow-tohrsquo] )ndashpersonal adjective pronoun dative sing masc from ααααὐὐὐὐτόςτόςτόςτός (autosautosautosautos [ow-tahssrsquo] ) vii 14 governed sect 92

8888 ἸἸἸἸωάννηςωάννηςωάννηςωάννης (IoannesIoannesIoannesIoannes [EE-oh-anrsquo-nace] )ndashproper noun 1st declension masc nominative sing sect 28 predicate after neut verb (understood) agreeing with subject sect 71

9999 ΟΟΟΟὗὗὗὗτοςτοςτοςτος (Houtos [Hoorsquo-tahss] )ndashSee vii 11

10101010 ἠἠἠἠλλλλϑϑϑϑενενενεν (elthenelthenelthenelthen [aylrsquo-thehn] )ndashverb assigned to ἔἔἔἔρχομαιρχομαιρχομαιρχομαι (erchomaierchomaierchomaierchomai [ehrrsquo-khahm-ahee] ) but really from defective ἐἐἐἐλεύλεύλεύλεύϑϑϑϑωωωω (eleuthoeleuthoeleuthoeleutho [el-yoorsquo-thoh] ) root ελελελελϑϑϑϑ (elthelthelthelth) temporal augment [εεεε+εεεε=ηηηη] sect 60 hence indicative mood as union-vowel (εεεε) following also shows sect 42 simple root 2nd aorist tense sect 57 hence no tense ending in 3rd person sing active voice sect 49 νννν (nu) appended sect 17 accent sect 6

11111111 εεεεἰἰἰἰςςςς (eiseiseiseis [ice] )ndashpreposition literal totototo that is here for the purpose offor the purpose offor the purpose offor the purpose of atonic (unaccented) sect 3

12121212 μαρτυρίανμαρτυρίανμαρτυρίανμαρτυρίαν (marturianmarturianmarturianmarturian [mar-too-reersquo-an] )ndashnoun 1st declension fem accusative sing from μαρτυρμαρτυρμαρτυρμαρτυρίαίαίαία (marturiamarturiamarturiamarturia [mar-too-reersquo-ah] ) sect 28 governed sect 96

13131313 ἵἵἵἵνανανανα (hinahinahinahina [heersquo-nah] )ndashconjunction meaning in order thatin order thatin order thatin order that introducing dependent clause

14141414 μαρτυρήσμαρτυρήσμαρτυρήσμαρτυρήσῃῃῃῃ (marturesemarturesemarturesemarturese [mar-too-rayrsquo-say] )ndashverb from μαρτυρέωμαρτυρέωμαρτυρέωμαρτυρέω (martureomartureomartureomartureo [mar-too-rehrsquo-oh] ) first ηηηη is root-vowel lengthened before tense-sign (sect 66) which is σσσσ (sigma) of 1st future tense sect 59 ῃῃῃῃ (eta [ῃῃῃῃ pronounced ay] ) is union-vowel of the subjunctive mood (sect 44) the subscribed ιιιι (iota) being 3rd person sing active voice sect 49 accent sect 4

15151515 περπερπερπερῖῖῖῖ (periperiperiperi [peh-reersquo] )ndashpreposition literal aroundaroundaroundaround governs genitive case sect 82

16161616 ΤΤΤΤοοοοῦῦῦῦ (TTTTouououou [Too] )ndasharticle genitive case - sing neut sect 39

17171717 ΦωτόςΦωτόςΦωτόςΦωτός (PhotosPhotosPhotosPhotos [Foh-tahssrsquo] )ndashnoun see vii 25 Genitive case (sing) and dative case (sing and plur) of monosyllables of 3rd declension accent the ultimate

18181818 πάντεςπάντεςπάντεςπάντες (pantespantespantespantes [panrsquo-tehss] ) = allallallallndashSee vii 12 nominative case - masc plur allallallall [men] being understood sect 74 subject of the clause

19191919 πιστεύσωσιπιστεύσωσιπιστεύσωσιπιστεύσωσι (pisteusosipisteusosipisteusosipisteusosi [pis-tyoorsquo-soh-see] )ndashverb from πιστεύωπιστεύωπιστεύωπιστεύω (pisteuopisteuopisteuopisteuo [pis-tyoorsquo-oh] ) second σσσσ (sigma) is sign of 1st future tense sect 59 ωωωω (omega) sign of subjunctive mood sect 44 σισισισι (ssssiiii [see] ) 3rd person plur active voice sect 49

20202020 δδδδἰἰἰἰ (didididi [dee] )ndashSee vii 13

21212121 AAAAὐὐὐὐτοτοτοτοῦῦῦῦ (AAAAutouutouutouutou [Ow-toorsquo] )ndashSee vii 14

22222222 ΟΟΟΟὐὐὐὐκκκκ (OukOukOukOuk [Ook] )ndashnegative adverb same as οοοοὐὐὐὐ (ouououou [oo] ) (see vii 33) with euphonic κκκκ (kappa) before a vowel

23232323 ἦἦἦἦνννν (enenenen [ane] )ndashSee vii 3

24242424 ἐἐἐἐκεκεκεκεῖῖῖῖνοςνοςνοςνος (ekeinosekeinosekeinosekeinos [ek-eyersquo-nahss] )ndashdemonstrative adjective pronoun sect 39 = HHHHeeee nominative case - masc sing subject of sentence sect 27 accent sect 6

25252525 ΤΤΤΤὸὸὸὸ (TTTToooo [Tah] )ndashSee vii 24

26262626 ΦΦΦΦῶῶῶῶςςςς (PhosPhosPhosPhos [Foce] )ndashSee vii 25

27272727 ἀἀἀἀλλλλλλλλndashconjunction for ἀἀἀἀλλάλλάλλάλλά (allaallaallaalla [al-lahrsquo] ) final vowel elided (omitted) sect 22

28282828 ἀἀἀἀληληληληϑϑϑϑινόνινόνινόνινόν (alethinonalethinonalethinonalethinon [al-ay-thee-nonrsquo] )ndashadjective from ἀἀἀἀληληληληϑϑϑϑινόςινόςινόςινός (alethinosalethinosalethinosalethinos [al-ay-thee-nahssrsquo] ) neut 2nd declension sect 34 nominative case - sing sect 30 agreeing with ΦΦΦΦῶῶῶῶςςςς (PPPPhoshoshoshos [Foce] ) sect 73

29292929 ὃὃὃὃ (hohohoho [hah] )ndashSee vii 19

30303030 φωτίζειφωτίζειφωτίζειφωτίζει (phophophophotiztiztiztizeieieiei [foh-teedzrsquo-eye] )ndashverb from φωτίζωφωτίζωφωτίζωφωτίζω (photizophotizophotizophotizo [foh-teedzrsquo-oh] ) strengthened root sect 58 εεεε (epsilon) union vowel of indicative mood sect 42 final ιιιι (iota) indicates 3rd person sing (present tense) - active voice sect 49

31313131 πάνταπάνταπάνταπάντα (pantapantapantapanta [panrsquo-tah] )ndashindefinite adjective see 18 above accusative case - sing masc agreeing with ἄἄἄἄννννϑϑϑϑρωπονρωπονρωπονρωπον (anthroponanthroponanthroponanthropon [anthrsquo-roh-pahn] ) sect 73

32323232 ἄἄἄἄννννϑϑϑϑρωπονρωπονρωπονρωπον (anthroponanthroponanthroponanthropon [anthrsquo-roh-pahn] )ndashnoun see 2 above accusative case - sing sect 30 governed sect 97

33333333 ἐἐἐἐρχόμενονρχόμενονρχόμενονρχόμενον (erchomenerchomenerchomenerchomenonononon [er-khahrsquo-men-ahn] )ndashparticiple from ἔἔἔἔρχομαιρχομαιρχομαιρχομαι (erchomaierchomaierchomaierchomai [errsquo-khahm-ahee] ) see 10 above deponent sect 40 present tense - passive voice sect 55 sing sect 30 either accusative case masc (and then agreeing with ἄἄἄἄννννϑϑϑϑρωπονρωπονρωπονρωπον) or as is better (see John iii 19) nominative case neut (and then agreeing with φφφφῶῶῶῶςςςς (phosphosphosphos [foce] )

34343434 τόντόντόντόν (tontontonton [than] )ndashSee vii 8

35353535 κόσμονκόσμονκόσμονκόσμον (kosmonkosmonkosmonkosmon [kahssrsquo-mahn] )ndashnoun from κόσμοςκόσμοςκόσμοςκόσμος (kosmoskosmoskosmoskosmos [kahssrsquo-mahss] ) accusative case - sing 2nd declension sect 30 governed sect 94

36363636 ἘἘἘἘνννν (EEEEnnnn [Ehn] )ndashSee vii 1

37373737 ττττῷῷῷῷ (totototo [toh] )ndasharticle dative case sing masc sect 39 agrees with κκκκόόόόσμσμσμσμῳῳῳῳ sect 73

38383838 κόσμκόσμκόσμκόσμῳῳῳῳ (kosmokosmokosmokosmo [kahssrsquo-moh] )ndashnoun see 35 above dative case sing sect 8

39393939 καίκαίκαίκαί (kaikaikaikai [ka-heersquo] )ndashSee vii 6

40404040 ὁὁὁὁ (hohohoho [hah] )ndashSee vii 4

41414141 κόσκόσκόσκόσμοςμοςμοςμος (kosmoskosmoskosmoskosmos [kahssrsquo-mahss] )ndashnoun see 35 above subject of the sentence sect 27

42424242 AAAAὐὐὐὐττττόόόόνννν (AAAAutonutonutonuton [Ow-tahnrsquo] )ndashpronoun see 7 above accusative case - sing masc sect 97

43434343 ἔἔἔἔγνωγνωγνωγνω (egnoegnoegnoegno [ehgrsquo-noh] )ndashverb from γιγνώσκωγιγνώσκωγιγνώσκωγιγνώσκω (gignoskogignoskogignoskogignosko [gee-gnohrsquo-skoh] ) (strengthened [sect 70] from root γνωγνωγνωγνω (gnognognogno) [sect 67] = our knowknowknowknow or known of usknown of usknown of usknown of us) 2nd aorist tense sect 57 εεεε (epsilon) is augment of indicative mood sect 60 ωωωω (omega) is root and union-vowel sect 67 no other ending hence 3rd person sing - active voice sect49

44444444 ττττάάάά (totototo [tah] )ndasharticle plur neut accusative case sect 39

45454545 ἴἴἴἴδιαδιαδιαδια (idiaidiaidiaidia [idrsquo-ee-ah] )ndashadjective from ἴἴἴἴδιοςδιοςδιοςδιος (idiosidiosidiosidios [idrsquo-ee-ahss] ) plur neut accusative case sect 30 agreement sect 74 meaning homehomehomehome here (literal the ownthe ownthe ownthe own things of him) government sect 44

46464646 οοοοἱἱἱἱ (oioioioi [oyh] )ndasharticle nominative case - plur masc sect 39

47474747 ἴἴἴἴδιοιδιοιδιοιδιοι (idioiidioiidioiidioi [idrsquo-ee-oy] )ndashadjective see 45 above nominative case - plur masc sect 30 meaning familyfamilyfamilyfamily here sect 74 the subject of the clause sect 27

48484848 παρέλαβονπαρέλαβονπαρέλαβονπαρέλαβον (parelabonparelabonparelabonparelabon [pah-rehrsquo-lab-ahn] )ndashverb from παραλαμβάνωπαραλαμβάνωπαραλαμβάνωπαραλαμβάνω (paraparaparaparalamlamlamlam----banobanobanobano [pah-rah-lam-bahnrsquo-oh] ) compounded with παράπαράπαράπαρά (paraparaparapara [pa-rarsquo] ) = nearnearnearnear (see 4 above) as in vii 34 2nd aorist tense sect 57 indicative mood sect 42 3rd person plur sect 49

LESSON IXLESSON IXLESSON IXLESSON IX

EEEExercise onxercise onxercise onxercise on J J J John ohn ohn ohn 1111 12 12 12 12----18181818

12121212 Ὅσοι1 δὲ2 ἔλαβον3 Aὐτόν4 ἔδωκεν5 αὐτοῖς6 ἐξσυσίαν7 Whoever however received Him He gave to them privilege

τέκνα8 Θεοῦ9 γενέσϑαι10 τοῖς11 πιστεύουσιν12 εἰς13 Τὸ14 children of GOD to become to the [ones] believing to The

Ὄνομα15 Aὐτοῦ16 13131313 οἳ17 οὐκ18 ἐξ19 αἱμάτων20 οὐδὲ21 ἐκ19 ϑελήματος22 Name of Him who not out of bloods nor out of will

σαρκός23 οὐδὲ21 ἐκ19 ϑελήματος22 ἀνδρός24 ἀλλ25 ἐκ19 Θεοῦ9 of flesh nor out of will of man but out of GOD

ἐγεννήϑησαν26 14141414 Καὶ Ὁ14 Λόγος27 σὰρξ28 ἐγένετο29 καὶ ἐσκήνωσεν30 were born And The Word flesh became and tented

ἐν31 ἡμῖν32 (καὶ ἐϑεασάμεϑα33 Τὴν14 ∆όξαν34 Aὐτοῦ16 ∆όξαν34 ὡς35 among us (and we beheld The Glory of Him Glory as

μονογενοῦς36 παρὰ37 Πατρός38) πλήρης39 Χάριτος40 καὶ Ἀληϑείας41 of [an] only-born near from [a] Father) full of Grace and Truth

15151515 Ἰωάννης42 μαρτυρεῖ43 περὶ44 Aὐτοῦ16 καὶ κέκραγε45 λέγων46 Οὗτος47 John testifies about Him and has cried saying This

ἦν48 ὃν49 εἶπον50 Ὁ14 ὀπίσω51 μοῦ52 ἐρχόμενος53 ἔμπροσϑέν54 was [He] whom I said The [one] behind me coming before

μου52 γέγονεν55 ὅτι56 πρῶτός57 μου52 ἦν48 16161616 Καὶ ἐκ19 τοῦ14 me has become because first of me He was And out of the

πληρώματος58 Aὐτοῦ16 ἡμεῖς59 πάντες60 ἐλάβομεν61 καὶ62 Χάριν63 ἀντὶ64 fullness of Him we all received and Grace for

compare 63

Χάριτος 17 ὅτι56 ὁ14 νόμος65 διὰ Μωϋσέως66 ἐδόϑη67 Ἡ14 Grace because the law through Moses was given The

Χάρις63 καὶ Ἡ14 Ἀλήϑεια41 διὰ Ἰησοῦ68 Χριστοῦ69 ἐγένετο70 18181818 Θεὸν71 Grace and The Truth through Jesus Christ became GOD

οὐδεὶς72 ἐώρακε73 πώποτε74 Ὁ14 μονογενὴς75 Υἱός76 Ὁ14 ὢν77 no-one has seen ever The only-born Son The [One] being

εἰς78 τὸν14 κόλπον79 Τοῦ14 Πατρός38 ἐκεῖνος80 ἐξηγήσατο81 into the bosom of The Father that [one] explained [Him]

Notes on the above Scriptures from John 1 12Notes on the above Scriptures from John 1 12Notes on the above Scriptures from John 1 12Notes on the above Scriptures from John 1 12----18181818

1111 Compare ὍὍὍὍσοςσοςσοςσος (HHHHosososososososos [Hahssrsquo-ahss] ) sect 39 nominative case - plur masc sect 30

2222 Not first sect 98

3333 λαμβάνωλαμβάνωλαμβάνωλαμβάνω (lambanolambanolambanolambano [lam-bahnrsquo-oh] ) vii 34 3rd person plur - 2nd aorist tense - active voice

4444 See vii 14 accusative case - sing masc sect 39 government sect 97

5555 δδδδίίίίδωμιδωμιδωμιδωμι (didomididomididomididomi [deersquo-doh-mee] ) sect 68 3rd person sing sect 49 augment sect 60 mood-vowel sect 42 ν sect 17

6666 See 4 above dative case - plur masc sect 92

7777 ἐἐἐἐξονσίαξονσίαξονσίαξονσία (eeeexxxxonsiaonsiaonsiaonsia [eks-ahn-seersquo-ah] ) sect 28 accusative case sing sect 97

8888 τέκτέκτέκτέκννννονονονον (tekuontekuontekuontekuon [tehrsquo-koo-ahn) ) sect 30 accusative case sing after neut verb γενέσγενέσγενέσγενέσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι (genesthgenesthgenesthgenesthaiaiaiai [gehn-essrsquo-thahee] ) sect 72

9999 See vii 9 genitive case sing sect 86

10101010 See vii 15 2nd aorist tense - middle voice - infinitive mood sect 54 accent peculiar

11111111 See vii 4 dative case - plur masc sect 73

12121212 πιστεύωπιστεύωπιστεύωπιστεύω (pisteuopisteuopisteuopisteuo [pis-tyoorsquo-oh] ) strengthened present tense sect 58 active voice participle sect 55 οντςοντςοντςοντς (ontsontsontsonts) (sect 42) becomes ουςουςουςους (ousousousous) sect 14 sect 16 sect 19 3rd declension sect 55 dative case plur sect 32 agrees with ααααὐὐὐὐτοτοτοτοῖῖῖῖςςςς (autoisautoisautoisautois [ow-toycersquo] ) sect 72 as if a noun sect 74

13131313 See viii 9 denotes close unionclose unionclose unionclose union

14141414 sect 39 agreement sect 73

15151515 Neut 3rd declension accusative case sing sect 32 ττττ dropped in stem μμμματατατατ (mmmmatatatat) sect 18 government sect 94

16161616 As 6 above government sect 86

17171717 See vii 19 nominative case - plur masc sect 30 subject of ἐἐἐἐγεννήγεννήγεννήγεννήϑϑϑϑησησησησαναναναν (egennethesanegennethesanegennethesanegennethesan [eg-en-nayrsquo-thay-sahn] ) sect 27

18181818 See viii 8

19191919 ἐἐἐἐξξξξ (eeeexxxx [eks] ) substituted for ἐἐἐἐκκκκ (ekekekek) before a vowel sect 18 atonic (unaccented) sect 3

20202020 ααααἷἷἷἷμαμαμαμα (aimaaimaaimaaima [aheersquo-mah] ) neut 3rd declension like 15 above genitive case here sect 81 plur is Hebraistic of natural descent accent sect 4

21212121 See vii 17 used as a conjunction

22222222 ϑϑϑϑέλημαέλημαέλημαέλημα (thelemathelemathelemathelema [thelrsquo-ay-mah] ) like 15 above government sect 81

23232323 σάρξσάρξσάρξσάρξ (sarxsarxsarxsarx [sarks] ) fem 3rd declension sect 32 government sect 86 accent special

24242424 ἀἀἀἀνήρνήρνήρνήρ (aaaanernernerner [an-ayerrsquo] ) irreg 3rd declension genitive case sing sect 86

25252525 See viii 27

26262626 γεννάωγεννάωγεννάωγεννάω (gennaogennaogennaogennao [gehn-nahrsquo-oh] ) strictly I begetI begetI begetI beget same root as vii 15 2nd aorist tense - passive voice - 3rd person plur (analyze)

27272727 See vii 5

28282828 See 23 above nominative case sing sect 32 ξξξξ (xixixixi [ksee] ) sect 13

29292929 See vii 15

30303030 σκηνόωσκηνόωσκηνόωσκηνόω (skenskenskenskenoooooooo [skay-nahrsquo-oh] ) from σκσκσκσκῆῆῆῆνοςνοςνοςνος (skenosskenosskenosskenos [skayrsquo-nahss] ) = a tenta tenta tenta tent 1st aorist tense - active voice - 3rd person sing (analyze)

31313131 See vii 1

32323232 sect 38 government sect 88

33333333 ϑϑϑϑεεεεάάάάομαιομαιομαιομαι (ttttheheheheaaaaomaiomaiomaiomai [theh-ahrsquo-ahm-ahee] ) deponent sect 40 1st aorist tense - middle voice - 1st person plur (analyze) subject ἡἡἡἡμεμεμεμεῖῖῖῖςςςς (hemeishemeishemeishemeis [hay-micersquo] ) understood unemphaticunemphaticunemphaticunemphatic

34343434 ∆∆∆∆όξαόξαόξαόξα (DDDDoxaoxaoxaoxa [Dahrsquo-ksah] ) sect 29 accusative case sing sect 97

35353535 atonic (unaccented) sect 3

36363636 μονογενήςμονογενήςμονογενήςμονογενής (monogenesmonogenesmonogenesmonogenes [mah-nah-gheh-nacersquo] ) 3rd declension two terminations sect 34 genitive case sing masc sect 86 thusly έοςέοςέοςέος becomes οοοοῦῦῦῦςςςς sect 6

37373737 Takes the genitive dative or accusative case

38383838 ΠΠΠΠατήρατήρατήρατήρ (PPPPaterateraterater [Pah-tayrrsquo] ) 3rd declension contraction like 24 above government sect 81

39393939 3rd declension like 36 above nominative case sing masc sect 73

40404040 ΧΧΧΧάριςάριςάριςάρις (CCCCharisharisharisharis [Khahrsquo-reese] ) (ττττ dropped sect 14) 3rd declension fem sing sect 83

41414141 ἈἈἈἈλήλήλήλήϑϑϑϑειαειαειαεια (AAAAletheialetheialetheialetheia [Al-ayrsquo-thigh-ah] ) sect 29 genitive case sing sect 83 accent sect 4

42424242 1st declension masc sect 28

43434343 μαρτυρέωμαρτυρέωμαρτυρέωμαρτυρέω (martureomartureomartureomartureo [mar-tuh-rehrsquo-oh] ) sect 62 present tense - indicative mood - active voice sect 42 3rd person sing sect 49 έειέειέειέει becomes εεεεῖῖῖῖ sect 20

44444444 Genitive case as if fromfromfromfrom the center sect 81

45454545 κράξωκράξωκράξωκράξω (krazokrazokrazokrazo [krahrsquo-dzoh] ) (sect 58) for κραγκραγκραγκραγ (kragkragkragkrag) sect 57 perfect tense - active voice sect 60 irreg sect 59 3rd person sing sect 49

46464646 λέγωλέγωλέγωλέγω (legolegolegolego [lehrsquo-goh] ) sect 65 present tense - participle - active voice sect 55 nominative case masc sing sect 32 ωνωνωνων (onononon [ohn] ) for οντςοντςοντςοντς (ontsontsontsonts [ahnts] ) sect 19 and viii 5

47474747 sect 39

48484848 See vii 3

49494949 See vii 19 accusative case sing masc ldquoAttributive AccusativeAttributive AccusativeAttributive AccusativeAttributive Accusativerdquo sect 97

50505050 Definitive verb 2nd aorist tense - active voice - indicative mood 3rd person sing for εεπεεπεεπεεπ (analyze)

51515151 Government genitive like 44 above

52525252 sect 38

53535353 ἔἔἔἔρχομαιρχομαιρχομαιρχομαι (erchomaierchomaierchomaierchomai [ehrrsquo-khah-mahee] ) deponent sect 40 present tense participle sect 55 nominative case masc sing sect 30

54545454 See 51 above accent from ldquoencliticrdquo sect 3

55555555 See vii 20

56565656 Conjunction

57575757 For πρότατοςπρότατοςπρότατοςπρότατος (protatosprotatosprotatosprotatos [prahrsquo-ta-tahss] ) sect 35 government genitive comparison (sect 85) or ldquoAttributive Attributive Attributive Attributive GenitiveGenitiveGenitiveGenitiverdquo sect 86

58585858 πλήρωμαπλήρωμαπλήρωμαπλήρωμα (pleromapleromapleromapleroma [playrsquo-roh-mah] ) like 22 above government sect 81

59595959 sect 38 emphatic see 33 above

60606060 See vii 12 nominative case plur masc sect 73

61616161 See 3 above 1st person plur sect 49

62626262 EvenEvenEvenEven

63636363 See 40 above accusative case sing sect 32 depends upon ἐἐἐἐλάβομενλάβομενλάβομενλάβομεν (elabomenelabomenelabomenelabomen [eh-labrsquo-ahm-ehn] ) sect 97 ττττ of stem dropped sect 18

64646464 Government genitive sect 85

65656565 sect 30

66666666 ΜωϋσΜωϋσΜωϋσΜωϋσῆῆῆῆςςςς (MouseosMouseosMouseosMouseos [Mohoorsquo-sace] ) sect 32 Attic Greek genitive sect 33 government sect 82

67676767 δίδωμιδίδωμιδίδωμιδίδωμι (didomididomididomididomi [deersquo-doh-mee] ) sect 67 regular in 1st aorist tense - passive voice sect 59 irreg short root vowel sect 66 long union-vowel sect 42 3rd person sing sect 52

68686868 Irreg genitive case sing from ἸἸἸἸησοησοησοησοῦῦῦῦςςςς (IesousIesousIesousIesous [EE-ay-soosersquo] ) sect 30

69696969 ΧριστόςΧριστόςΧριστόςΧριστός (ChristosChristosChristosChristos [Khreess-tahssrsquo] ) sect 40

70707070 See vii 15

71717171 See vii 9

72727272 Compound of οοοοὐὐὐὐδέδέδέδέ (oudeoudeoudeoude [oo-dehrsquo] ) vii 17 and εεεεἷἷἷἷςςςς (eiseiseiseis [ice] ) numeral irreg

73737373 ὁὁὁὁράωράωράωράω (horaohoraohoraohorao [hah-rahrsquo-oh] ) irreg reduplication sect 60 perfect tense - active voice sect 59 3rd person sing

74747474 Compound adverb

75757575 See 36 above

76767676 sect 30

77777777 εεεεἰἰἰἰμίμίμίμί (eimieimieimieimi [eye-meersquo] ) sect 69 like 46 above

78787878 See 13 above

79797979 sect 30

80808080 See viii 19

81818181 Deponent ἐἐἐἐξηγήομαιξηγήομαιξηγήομαιξηγήομαι (exegeomaiexegeomaiexegeomaiexegeomai [eks-ay-gayrsquo-ahm-ahee] ) sect 40 1st aorist tense - middle voice sect 59 augment merged in first ηηηη sect 61 indicative mood sect 42 3rd person sing sect 49

LESSON XLESSON XLESSON XLESSON X

EEEExercise on ouxercise on ouxercise on ouxercise on our r r r LORDS PLORDS PLORDS PLORDS Prayer (Matthew rayer (Matthew rayer (Matthew rayer (Matthew 6666 9 9 9 9----13 Luke 13 Luke 13 Luke 13 Luke 11111111 2 2 2 2----4444))))

RemarkndashThe words below in parentheses are the variations in the passage of Luke The concluding doxology in brackets is not found in the oldest manuscripts and is probably spurious

Οὕτως οὖν προσεύχεσϑε1 ὑμεῖς (Ὅταν προσεύχησϑε2 Thus therefore pray ye (Whenever ye pray

λέγετε3) Πάτερ4 ἡμῶν Ὁ ἐν τοῖς Οὐρανοῖς5 Ἁγιασϑήτω6 say) Father of us The [One] in the Heavens let be Hallowed

Τὸ Ὄνομά7 Σου ἐλϑέτω8 ἡ βασιλεία9 Σου γενηϑήτω10 τὸ The Name of Thee let come the Kingdom of Thee let be done the

Θέλημά11 Σου ὡς ἐν Oὐρανῷ12 καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς13 τὸν ἄρτον14 Will of Thee as in Heaven also upon the earth the bread

ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον15 δὸς16 (δίδου17) ἡμῖν σήμερον18 (τὸ19 of us the needful give (give) to us to-day [as to] (the [time]

καϑ᾽20 ἡμέραν21) καὶ ἄφες22 ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα23 (τὰς ἁμαρτίας24) by day) and forgive to us the debts (the sins)

ἡμῶν ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφίεμεν25 τοῖς ὀφειλέταις26 ἡμῶν (καὶ of us as also we forgive to the debtors of us (and [this do]

γὰρ αὐτοὶ27 ἀφίεμεν παντὶ28 ὀφελοντι29 ἡμῖν) καὶ μὴ for ourselves [we] forgive to every [one] owing to us) and not

εἰσενέγκῃς30 ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν31 ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι32 ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ mayest Thou lead us into trial but deliver Thou us away

τοῦ πονηροῦ33 [ὅτι Σοῦ ἐστὶν34 ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ from the evil [because of Thee is the Kingdom and the

∆ύναμις35 καὶ ἡ ∆όξα36 εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας37 Ἀμήν38] Power and the Glory to the ages Amen]

Notes on the above ScripNotes on the above ScripNotes on the above ScripNotes on the above Scriptures from tures from tures from tures from Matthew 6 9Matthew 6 9Matthew 6 9Matthew 6 9----13 Luke 13 Luke 13 Luke 13 Luke 11111111 2 2 2 2----4444

1111 προσεύχομαιπροσεύχομαιπροσεύχομαιπροσεύχομαι (proseuchomaiproseuchomaiproseuchomaiproseuchomai [prah-syoorsquo-khahm-ahee] ) literal praypraypraypray towardstowardstowardstowards deponent sect 40 present tense sect 58 indicative mood sect 42 2nd person plur - middle voice sect 49

2222 Subjunctive mood sect 42 required by conditional particle preceding sect 44

3333 λέγωλέγωλέγωλέγω (legolegolegolego [lehrsquo-goh] ) present tense sect 65 imperative mood sect 42 2nd person plur - active voice sect 49

4444 ΠΠΠΠατήρατήρατήρατήρ (PPPPaterateraterater [Pat-ayrrsquo] ) (accent irregularly shifted) 3rd declension sect 32 vocative case sing sect 27

5555 ΟΟΟΟὐὐὐὐρανόςρανόςρανόςρανός (OOOOuranosuranosuranosuranos [Oo-ran-ahssrsquo] ) sect 30 dative case plur sect 88

6666 ἉἉἉἉγιάζωγιάζωγιάζωγιάζω (HHHHagiazoagiazoagiazoagiazo [Hag-ee-adzrsquo-oh] ) root ἁἁἁἁγιαδγιαδγιαδγιαδ (hagiadhagiadhagiadhagiad [hagrsquo-ee-ad] ) from ἅἅἅἅγιοςγιοςγιοςγιος (hagios [hagrsquo-ee-ahss] ) = holyholyholyholy 1st aorist tense - passive voice sect 59 σσσσ for δδδδ sect 14 ηηηη in imperative mood sect 42 3rd person sing sect 53 as if active voice sect 52

7777 See ix 15 accent sect 3

8888 See viii 10 2nd aorist tense sect 48 imperative mood sect 42 3rd person sing - active voice sect 53

9999 Nominative case sing fem sect 29 cannot take the enclitics accent (sect 3) like 7 above as another acute immediately precedes it

10101010 γίνομαιγίνομαιγίνομαιγίνομαι (ginomaiginomaiginomaiginomai [gheersquo-nah-mahee] ) vii 15 1st aorist tense - passive voice as No 6 above first ηηηη assumed irreg as if a derivative

11111111 See sect3 for accent as 7 above

12121212 See 5 above dative case sing sect 88

13131313 γγγγῆῆῆῆ (gegegege [gay] ) sect 28 genitive case sing of place all overoveroverover like time sect 83

14141414 ἄἄἄἄρτοςρτοςρτοςρτος (artosartosartosartos [arrsquo-tahss] ) sect 30 accusative case sing sect 97

15151515 ἐἐἐἐπιούσιοςπιούσιοςπιούσιοςπιούσιος (epiousiosepiousiosepiousiosepiousios [eh-pee-oorsquo-see-ahss] ) probably compound of ἐἐἐἐπίπίπίπί (epiepiepiepi [ep-eersquo] ) = forforforfor and οοοοὐὐὐὐσίασίασίασία (ousiaousiaousiaousia [oo-seersquo-ah] ) = subsistencesubsistencesubsistencesubsistence used only here accusative case sing masc sect 34

16161616 From δίδωμιδίδωμιδίδωμιδίδωμι (didomididomididomididomi [deersquo-doh-mee] ) sect 67 irreg 2nd aorist tense - Imperative mood - 2nd person sing - active voice

17171717 Same verb as 16 above irreg present tense - Imperative mood - 2nd person sing - active voice


19191919 Elliptical sect 74 ldquoAttributive AccusativeAttributive AccusativeAttributive AccusativeAttributive Accusativerdquo sect 97

20202020 For κατάκατάκατάκατά (katakatakatakata [kat-ahrsquo] ) sect 22 sect 14

21212121 From ἡἡἡἡμέραμέραμέραμέρα (hemerahemerahemerahemera [hay-mehrsquo-ra] sect 29 accusative case sing of time sect 97 here distributive dailydailydailydaily

22222222 From ἀἀἀἀφίημιφίημιφίημιφίημι (aphiemi [ah-feersquo-ay-mee] ) = sendsendsendsend awayawayawayaway compound from ἀἀἀἀπόπόπόπό (apoapoapoapo [ap-ahrsquo] ) and ἵἵἵἵημιημιημιημι (hiemihiemihiemihiemi [heersquo-ay-mee] ) sect 69 irreg 2nd aorist tense - Imperative mood - 2nd person sing - active voice like 16 above

23232323 From ὀὀὀὀφείλημαφείλημαφείλημαφείλημα (opheilemaopheilemaopheilemaopheilema [ah-fighrsquo-lay-mah] ) compare ὀὀὀὀφειλήματαφειλήματαφειλήματαφειλήματα ὀὀὀὀφείλημαφείλημαφείλημαφείλημα (suffixes) and case to 7 above (Lesson ix 15 reference) only used here as accusative case plural neut sect 32

24242424 From ἁἁἁἁμαρτίαμαρτίαμαρτίαμαρτία (hamahamahamahamartiartiartiartia [ham-ar-teersquo-ah] ) sect 28

25252525 From same as 22 above present tense indicative mood - 1st person plural - active voice sect 49

26262626 From ὀὀὀὀφειλέτηςφειλέτηςφειλέτηςφειλέτης (opheiletesopheiletesopheiletesopheiletes [ah-figh-lehrsquo-tace] ) sect 28 dative case plural sect 92

27272727 Definite adjective pronoun sect 39 used as persons or all persons

28282828 From ππππᾶᾶᾶᾶςςςς (paspaspaspas [pahss] ) see vii 12 dative case sing masc sect 32

29292929 Present participle (active voice) of ὀὀὀὀφείλωφείλωφείλωφείλω (opheiloopheiloopheiloopheilo [ah-firsquo=loh] ) like ix 12 dative case sing masc sect 92

30303030 Assigned to εεεεἰἰἰἰσφέρωσφέρωσφέρωσφέρω (eispheroeispheroeispheroeisphero [ice-fehrsquo-roh] ) but really belonging to the defective cognate εεεεἰἰἰἰσήνεγκασήνεγκασήνεγκασήνεγκα (eisenegkaeisenegkaeisenegkaeisenegka [eye-sayrsquo-nehng-kah] ) irreg reduplicate 1st aorist tense from εεεεἰἰἰἰςςςς (eiseiseiseis [ice] ) = intointointointo and an obsolete ἔἔἔἔγκωγκωγκωγκω (egkoegkoegkoegko [ehngrsquo-koh] ) (for ενκωενκωενκωενκω (enkoenkoenkoenko) sect 16) subjunctive mood sect 41 (dependent end upon an implied verb of wishing or deprecating sect 44) 2nd person sing - active voice sect 51

31313131 From πειρασμόςπειρασμόςπειρασμόςπειρασμός (peirasmospeirasmospeirasmospeirasmos [pie-rass-mahssrsquo] ) sect 30 accusative case sing sect 94

32323232 From ῥῥῥῥύομαιύομαιύομαιύομαι (ruomairuomairuomairuomai [hruhrsquo-ahm-ahee] ) sect 62 deponent sect 40 1st aorist tense sect 59 imperative mood union-vowel αααα sect 42 2nd person sing - middle voice sect 53

33333333 Noun implied sect 74 2nd declension sect 34 genitive case sing neut sect 81

34343434 From εεεεἰἰἰἰμίμίμίμί (eimieimieimieimi [i-meersquo] ) sect 69

35353535 See sect 33

36363636 See ix 34

37373737 From ααααἰἰἰἰώνώνώνών (aionaionaionaion [ahee-ohnrsquo] ) sect 32 accusative case plural sect 94

38383838 Adverb from the Hebrew verilyverilyverilyverily

LESSON XILESSON XILESSON XILESSON XI

EEEExercise on xercise on xercise on xercise on LLLLuke 1 1uke 1 1uke 1 1uke 1 1----4444

1111 Ἐπειδήπερ1 πολλοὶ2 ἐπεχείρησαν3 ἀνατάξασϑαι4 διήγησιν5 περὶ Inasmuch as many undertook to arrange a narrative about

τῶν πεπληροφορημένων6 ἐν ἡμῖν7 πραγμάτων8 2222 καϑὼς9 the fully believed among us transactions just as

παρέδοσαν10 ἡμῖν οἱ ἀπ11 ἀρχῆς12 αὐτόπται13 καὶ transmitted [them] to us the from [the] beginning eye-witnesses and

ὑπηρέται14 τοῦ Lόγου15 3333 ἔδοξε16 κἀμοί17 παρηκολουϑηκότι18 ministers of The Word It seemed [good] to me also having followed close

ἄνωϑεν19 πᾶσιν20 ἀκριβῶς21 καϑεξῆς22 σοι γράψαι23 κράτιστε24 from [the] first to all [things] carefully regularly to thee to write most excellent

Θεόφιλε25 4444 ἵνα ἐπιγνῷς26 περὶ ὧν27 κατηχήϑης28 Theophilus In order that thou mayest recognize about what thou wast instructed

λόγων τὴν ἀσφάλειαν29 words the certainty

Notes on the above Scriptures from Luke 1 1Notes on the above Scriptures from Luke 1 1Notes on the above Scriptures from Luke 1 1Notes on the above Scriptures from Luke 1 1----4444

1111 Compound of ἐἐἐἐπείπείπείπεί (epeiepeiepeiepei [ep-eyersquo] ) = sincesincesincesince ((((from ἐἐἐἐπίπίπίπί (epiepiepiepi [ep- eersquo] ) = uponuponuponupon εεεεἴἴἴἴ (eieieiei [eye] ) = ifififif ) δήδήδήδή (dededede [day] ) = nownownownow and the intensive particle περπερπερπερ (perperperper [pehr] )

2222 Irreg from πολύςπολύςπολύςπολύς (poluspoluspoluspolus [pahl-oossrsquo] ) really an old πολλόςπολλόςπολλόςπολλός (pollospollospollospollos [pahl-lahssrsquo] ) nominative case plur masc sect 34 personspersonspersonspersons understood sect 74

3333 From ἐἐἐἐπιχεπιχεπιχεπιχειιιιρέωρέωρέωρέω (epicheireoepicheireoepicheireoepicheireo [eh-pee-khi-rehrsquo-oh] ) = lay hand uponlay hand uponlay hand uponlay hand upon from ἐἐἐἐππππὶὶὶὶ (epiepiepiepi [ep- eersquo] ) = uponuponuponupon and χείρχείρχείρχείρ (cheircheircheircheir [khire] ) = a handa handa handa hand augment sect 61 ηηηη sect 66 1st aorist tense sect 59 Indicative mood sect 42 3rd person plural - active voice sect 49

4444 From ἀἀἀἀνατάσσομαινατάσσομαινατάσσομαινατάσσομαι (anatassomaianatassomaianatassomaianatassomai [an-ah-tasrsquo-sam-ahee] ) (compound of ἀἀἀἀνάνάνάνά (anaanaanaana [an-ahrsquo] ) = upupupup ie thoroughlythoroughlythoroughlythoroughly and τάσσωτάσσωτάσσωτάσσω (tassotassotassotasso [tasrsquo-soh] ) = arrangearrangearrangearrange) deponent sect 40 1st aorist tense (root ταγταγταγταγ (tagtagtagtag) strengthened in present tense by σσσσσσσσ sect 58 which excludes the γγγγ) sect 59 (ξξξξ = γσγσγσγσ sect 13) Infinitive mood - middle voice sect 54 depends like a nominative case (sect 25) in the accusative upon ἐἐἐἐπεχπεχπεχπεχ (epechepechepechepech [eprsquo-ekh] ) sect 97

5555 From διήγησιςδιήγησιςδιήγησιςδιήγησις (diegesisdiegesisdiegesisdiegesis [dee-ayrsquo-gay-seess] ) (like ππππόόόόλιςλιςλιςλις (ppppolisolisolisolis [pahrsquo- leess] ) in the paradigm) sect 33 accusative case sing dependent on ἀἀἀἀνατνατνατνατ (anatanatanatanat) sect 97

6666 From πληροφορέωπληροφορέωπληροφορέωπληροφορέω (plerophplerophplerophplerophoreooreooreooreo [play-rah-fah-rehrsquo-oh] ) compound of πλήρηςπλήρηςπλήρηςπλήρης (plerespleresplerespleres [playrsquo-race] ) = fullfullfullfull and φορέωφορέωφορέωφορέω (phoreophoreophoreophoreo [fah-rehrsquo-oh] ) = bearbearbearbear ie in mindin mindin mindin mind reduplication sect 60 ηηηη sect 66 no tense sign sect 59 perfect passive voice participle sect 55 genitive case plural sect 30 agrees with πραγμπραγμπραγμπραγμ (pragmpragmpragmpragm) sect 73

7777 See sect 38

8888 Like σσσσῶῶῶῶμαμαμαμα (somasomasomasoma [sohrsquo-mah] ) in the paradigm genitive case plur see viii 13

9999 Compound of κατάκατάκατάκατά (katakatakatakata [kat-ahrsquo] ) (see x 20) = downdowndowndown ie exactlyexactlyexactlyexactly and ὡὡὡὡςςςς (osososos [hohss] ) = asasasas

10101010 From παραδίδωμιπαραδίδωμιπαραδίδωμιπαραδίδωμι (paraparaparaparadidomididomididomididomi [pa-ra-deersquo-doh-mee] ) compound of παράπαράπαράπαρά (paraparaparapara [pa-rarsquo] ) = nearnearnearnear ie from from from from

one to anotherone to anotherone to anotherone to another and δίδωμιδίδωμιδίδωμιδίδωμι (didomididomididomididomi [deersquo-doh-mee] ) sect 68 2nd aorist tense (δοδοδοδο - dodododo [dah] ) sect 57 indicative mood sect 60 also sect 42 3rd person plur - active voice sect 49

11111111 See sect 22

12121212 See vii 2

13131313 From ααααὐὐὐὐτόπτηςτόπτηςτόπτηςτόπτης (autoptesautoptesautoptesautoptes [ow-toprsquo-tace] ) compound of ααααὐὐὐὐτόςτόςτόςτός (autosautosautosautos [ow-tahssrsquo] ) = selfselfselfself and ὄὄὄὄπτομαιπτομαιπτομαιπτομαι (optomaioptomaioptomaioptomai [optrsquo-ahm-ahee] ) = I seeI seeI seeI see nominative case plur masc sect 28

14141414 From ὑὑὑὑπηρέτηςπηρέτηςπηρέτηςπηρέτης (hupereteshupereteshupereteshuperetes [hoop-ay-rehrsquo-tace] ) compound of ὑὑὑὑπόπόπόπό (hupohupohupohupo [hoo-pahrsquo) ) = underunderunderunder and ἐἐἐἐρέτηςρέτηςρέτηςρέτης (eretes [eh-rehrsquo-tace] ) = rowerrowerrowerrower sect 28

15151515 See paradigm below dagger

16161616 From δοκέωδοκέωδοκέωδοκέω (dokeodokeodokeodokeo [dah-kehrsquo-oh] ) really an obsolete δόκωδόκωδόκωδόκω (dokodokodokodoko [dahrsquo-koh] ) 1st aorist tense sect 59 indicative mood sect 60 3rd person sing - active voice sect 49

17171717 Compound of καίκαίκαίκαί (kaikaikaikai [ka-heersquo] ) (sect 22) and ἐἐἐἐμοίμοίμοίμοί (emoiemoiemoiemoi [eh-moyrsquo] ) sect 38 case sect 92

18181818 From παρακολουπαρακολουπαρακολουπαρακολουϑϑϑϑέωέωέωέω (parakoloutheoparakoloutheoparakoloutheoparakoloutheo [pa-ra-ka-loo-thehrsquo-oh] ) compound of παράπαράπαράπαρά (paraparaparapara [pa-rarsquo] ) = nearnearnearnear and ἀἀἀἀκολοκολοκολοκολουυυυϑϑϑϑέωέωέωέω (akoloakoloakoloakolouuuutheotheotheotheo [ah-kah-loo-thehrsquo-oh] ) augment (αααα+εεεε=ηηηη) sect 60 perfect tense - active voice sect 59 second ηηηη sect 66 participle sect 55 dative case sing (sect 32) masc sect 34 agrees with ἐἐἐἐμοίμοίμοίμοί (emoiemoiemoiemoi [eh-moyrsquo] ) sect 73

19191919 Derivative adverb literal from abovefrom abovefrom abovefrom above ie from top to bottom

20202020 See viii 18 dative case plur sect 88

21212121 Adverb from ἀἀἀἀκριβήςκριβήςκριβήςκριβής (akribesakribesakribesakribes [ah-kree-basersquo] ) = eeeexactxactxactxact

22222222 Adverbial comp of κατάκατάκατάκατά (katakatakatakata [kat-ahrsquo] ) (as 9 above) and ἑἑἑἑξξξξῆῆῆῆςςςς (hhhhexesexesexesexes [heks-acersquo] ) = orderlyorderlyorderlyorderly an old genitive case use sect 31

23232323 From γράφωγράφωγράφωγράφω (graphographographographo [grahrsquo-foh] ) (notnotnotnot strengthened sect 58) 1st aorist tense as 4 above infinitive mood - active voice sect 54 subject of ἔἔἔἔδοξεδοξεδοξεδοξε (edoxeedoxeedoxeedoxe [ehrsquo-dahks-eh] )

24242424 From κράτιστοςκράτιστοςκράτιστοςκράτιστος (kratistos [krahrsquo-teess-tahss] ) sect 34 superlative (sect 35) of an obsolete κρατύςκρατύςκρατύςκρατύς (kratuskratuskratuskratus [krah-toossrsquo] ) = strongstrongstrongstrong assigned to ἀἀἀἀγαγαγαγαϑϑϑϑόςόςόςός (agathosagathosagathosagathos [ag-ath-ahssrsquo] ) = goodgoodgoodgood vocative case sing masc sect 30

25252525 Nominative case ΘεόφιλοςΘεόφιλοςΘεόφιλοςΘεόφιλος (TheophilosTheophilosTheophilosTheophilos [Theh-ahrsquo-fee-lahss] ) sect 30

26262626 From ἐἐἐἐπιγινώκωπιγινώκωπιγινώκωπιγινώκω (epiginokoepiginokoepiginokoepiginoko [eh-pee-ghin-nohrsquo-koh] ) compound of ἐἐἐἐπίπίπίπί (epiepiepiepi) = uponuponuponupon ie by means of some reminding or determining circumstance and γινγινγινγινώσκωώσκωώσκωώσκω (ginoskoginoskoginoskoginosko [ghi-nohrsquo-skoh] ) = I knowI knowI knowI know for γίγνωσκωγίγνωσκωγίγνωσκωγίγνωσκω (gignoskogignoskogignoskogignosko [ghirsquo-gnoh-skoh] ) sect 70 (root γνογνογνογνο (gnognognogno) = knowknowknowknow) contracted like γίνομαιγίνομαιγίνομαιγίνομαι (ginomaiginomaiginomaiginomai [ghinrsquo-ahm-ahee] ) vii 15 2nd aorist tense sect 57 subjunctive mood sect 44 2nd person sing - active voice sect 51

27272727 Relative pronoun sect 39 genitive case plural sect 30 agrees with λόγωνλόγωνλόγωνλόγων (logonlogonlogonlogon [lahrsquo-gohn] ) sect 75 for ττττῶῶῶῶνννν λόγωνλόγωνλόγωνλόγων (ton logonton logonton logonton logon [tone lahrsquo-gohn] ) = of the Wordsof the Wordsof the Wordsof the Words (sect 75) οοοοἷἷἷἷςςςς (oisoisoisois [hoyss] ) sect 91

28282828 From κατηχέωκατηχέωκατηχέωκατηχέω (katecheokatecheokatecheokatecheo [ka-tay-kheh-oh] ) (compound of κατάκατάκατάκατά (katakatakatakata [kat-ahrsquo] ) = downdowndowndown as in 9 and 22 above and ἠἠἠἠχέωχέωχέωχέω (echeoecheoecheoecheo [ay-khehrsquo-oh] ) = I echoI echoI echoI echo) whence our catechizecatechizecatechizecatechize 1st aorist tense - passive voice sect 59 exception to sect 14 second ηηηη sect 66 third ηηηη sect 42 2nd person sing sect 52

29292929 From ἀἀἀἀσφάλειασφάλειασφάλειασφάλεια (asphaleiaasphaleiaasphaleiaasphaleia [ass-farsquo-lie-ah] ) literal nonnonnonnon----totteringtotteringtotteringtottering accusative case sing sect 29 depends upon ἐἐἐἐπιγπιγπιγπιγ (epigepigepigepig [eprsquo-ig] ) sect 97

Paradigms oParadigms oParadigms oParadigms of Nouns of the First Declensionf Nouns of the First Declensionf Nouns of the First Declensionf Nouns of the First Declension

FeminineFeminineFeminineFeminine MasculineMasculineMasculineMasculine English ShadowShadowShadowShadow DoorDoorDoorDoor RootRootRootRoot HonorHonorHonorHonor YouthYouthYouthYouth JudgeJudgeJudgeJudge

CCCCASESASESASESASES SinguSinguSinguSingularlarlarlar Nominative σκιάσκιάσκιάσκιά ϑϑϑϑύραύραύραύρα ῥῥῥῥίζαίζαίζαίζα τιμήτιμήτιμήτιμή νεανίαςνεανίαςνεανίαςνεανίας κριτήςκριτήςκριτήςκριτής

Genitive σκισκισκισκιᾶᾶᾶᾶςςςς ϑϑϑϑύραςύραςύραςύρας ῥῥῥῥίζηςίζηςίζηςίζης τιλτιλτιλτιλῆῆῆῆςςςς νεανίουνεανίουνεανίουνεανίου κριτοκριτοκριτοκριτοῦῦῦῦ Dative σκισκισκισκιᾷᾷᾷᾷ ϑϑϑϑύρύρύρύρᾳᾳᾳᾳ ῥῥῥῥίζίζίζίζῃῃῃῃ τιμτιμτιμτιμῇῇῇῇ νεανίνεανίνεανίνεανίᾳᾳᾳᾳ κριτκριτκριτκριτῇῇῇῇ

Accusative σκιάνσκιάνσκιάνσκιάν ϑϑϑϑύρανύρανύρανύραν ῥῥῥῥίζανίζανίζανίζαν τιμήντιμήντιμήντιμήν νεανίαννεανίαννεανίαννεανίαν κριτήνκριτήνκριτήνκριτήν Vocative σκιάσκιάσκιάσκιά ϑϑϑϑύραύραύραύρα ῥῥῥῥίζαίζαίζαίζα τιμήτιμήτιμήτιμή νεανίανεανίανεανίανεανία κριτάκριτάκριτάκριτά

CCCCASESASESASESASES PluralPluralPluralPlural

Nominative σκιαίσκιαίσκιαίσκιαί ϑϑϑϑύραιύραιύραιύραι ῥῥῥῥίζαιίζαιίζαιίζαι τιμαίτιμαίτιμαίτιμαί νεανίαινεανίαινεανίαινεανίαι κριταίκριταίκριταίκριταί Genitive σκισκισκισκιῶῶῶῶνννν ϑϑϑϑυρυρυρυρῶῶῶῶνννν ῥῥῥῥιζιζιζιζῶῶῶῶνννν τιμτιμτιμτιμῶῶῶῶνννν νεανινεανινεανινεανιῶῶῶῶνννν κριτκριτκριτκριτῶῶῶῶνννν Dative σκιασκιασκιασκιαῖῖῖῖςςςς ϑϑϑϑύραιςύραιςύραιςύραις ῥῥῥῥίζαιςίζαιςίζαιςίζαις τιματιματιματιμαῖῖῖῖςςςς νεανίαιςνεανίαιςνεανίαιςνεανίαις κριτακριτακριτακριταῖῖῖῖςςςς

Accusative σκιάςσκιάςσκιάςσκιάς ϑϑϑϑύραςύραςύραςύρας ῥῥῥῥίζαςίζαςίζαςίζας τιμάςτιμάςτιμάςτιμάς νεανίαςνεανίαςνεανίαςνεανίας κριτάςκριτάςκριτάςκριτάς Vocative σκιαίσκιαίσκιαίσκιαί ϑϑϑϑύραιύραιύραιύραι ῥῥῥῥίζαιίζαιίζαιίζαι τιμαίτιμαίτιμαίτιμαί νεανίαινεανίαινεανίαινεανίαι κριταίκριταίκριταίκριταί

ParadigParadigParadigParadigms of Nouns of the Secoms of Nouns of the Secoms of Nouns of the Secoms of Nouns of the Second Declensionnd Declensionnd Declensionnd Declension dagger MasculineMasculineMasculineMasculine NeuterNeuterNeuterNeuter

English WordWordWordWord JesusJesusJesusJesus FigFigFigFig

CCCCASESASESASESASES SingSingSingSingularularularular PlurPlurPlurPluralalalal SingSingSingSingularularularular PlurPlurPlurPluralalalal

Nominative λόγοςλόγοςλόγοςλόγος λόγοιλόγοιλόγοιλόγοι ἸἸἸἸησοησοησοησοῦῦῦῦςςςς σσσσῦῦῦῦκονκονκονκον σσσσῦῦῦῦκακακακα

Genitive λόγουλόγουλόγουλόγου λόγωνλόγωνλόγωνλόγων ἸἸἸἸησοησοησοησοῦῦῦῦ σύκουσύκουσύκουσύκου σύκωνσύκωνσύκωνσύκων

Dative λόγλόγλόγλόγῳῳῳῳ λόγοιςλόγοιςλόγοιςλόγοις ἸἸἸἸησοησοησοησοῦῦῦῦ σύκσύκσύκσύκῳῳῳῳ σύκοιςσύκοιςσύκοιςσύκοις

Accusative λόλόλόλόγονγονγονγον λόγουςλόγουςλόγουςλόγους ἸἸἸἸησοησοησοησοῦῦῦῦνννν σσσσῦῦῦῦκονκονκονκον σσσσῦῦῦῦκακακακα

Vocative λόγελόγελόγελόγε λόγοιλόγοιλόγοιλόγοι ἸἸἸἸησοησοησοησοῦῦῦῦ σσσσῦῦῦῦκονκονκονκον σσσσῦῦῦῦκακακακα

Paradigms of Nouns of the Third DeclensionParadigms of Nouns of the Third DeclensionParadigms of Nouns of the Third DeclensionParadigms of Nouns of the Third Declension Masculine and FeminineMasculine and FeminineMasculine and FeminineMasculine and Feminine NeuterNeuterNeuterNeuter

English ShepherdShepherdShepherdShepherd LionLionLionLion HairHairHairHair CityCityCityCity BodyBodyBodyBody LightLightLightLight WallWallWallWall

CASESCASESCASESCASES SingularSingularSingularSingular

Nominative ποιμήνποιμήνποιμήνποιμήν λέωνλέωνλέωνλέων ϑϑϑϑρίξρίξρίξρίξ πόλιςπόλιςπόλιςπόλις σσσσῶῶῶῶμαμαμαμα φφφφῶῶῶῶςςςς τετετετεῖῖῖῖχχχχοςοςοςος

Genitive ποιμένοςποιμένοςποιμένοςποιμένος λέοντοςλέοντοςλέοντοςλέοντος τρίχόςτρίχόςτρίχόςτρίχός πόλεωςπόλεωςπόλεωςπόλεως σώματοςσώματοςσώματοςσώματος φωτόςφωτόςφωτόςφωτός τείχουςτείχουςτείχουςτείχους

Dative ποιμένιποιμένιποιμένιποιμένι λέοντιλέοντιλέοντιλέοντι τριχίτριχίτριχίτριχί πόλειπόλειπόλειπόλει σώματισώματισώματισώματι φωατίφωατίφωατίφωατί τείχειτείχειτείχειτείχει

Accusative ποιμέναποιμέναποιμέναποιμένα λέονταλέονταλέονταλέοντα τρίχατρίχατρίχατρίχα πόλινπόλινπόλινπόλιν σσσσῶῶῶῶμαμαμαμα φφφφῶῶῶῶςςςς τετετετεῖῖῖῖχοςχοςχοςχος

Vocative ποιμήνποιμήνποιμήνποιμήν λέονλέονλέονλέον ϑϑϑϑρίξρίξρίξρίξ πόλιπόλιπόλιπόλι σσσσῶῶῶῶμαμαμαμα φφφφῶῶῶῶςςςς τετετετεῖῖῖῖχοςχοςχοςχος

CASESCASESCASESCASES PluralPluralPluralPlural

Nominative ποιμποιμποιμποιμένεςένεςένεςένες λέοντεςλέοντεςλέοντεςλέοντες τρίχεςτρίχεςτρίχεςτρίχες πόλειςπόλειςπόλειςπόλεις σώματασώματασώματασώματα φφφφῶῶῶῶτττταααα τείχητείχητείχητείχη

Genitive ποιμένωνποιμένωνποιμένωνποιμένων λεόντωνλεόντωνλεόντωνλεόντων τριχτριχτριχτριχῶῶῶῶυυυυ πόλεωνπόλεωνπόλεωνπόλεων σωμάτωνσωμάτωνσωμάτωνσωμάτων φωτφωτφωτφωτῶῶῶῶνννν τειχτειχτειχτειχῶῶῶῶνννν

Dative ποιμέσιποιμέσιποιμέσιποιμέσι λέονσιλέονσιλέονσιλέονσι ϑϑϑϑριξίριξίριξίριξί πόλεσιπόλεσιπόλεσιπόλεσι σώμασισώμασισώμασισώμασι φωσίφωσίφωσίφωσί τείχεσιτείχεσιτείχεσιτείχεσι

Accusative ποιμέναςποιμέναςποιμέναςποιμένας λέονταςλέονταςλέονταςλέοντας τρίχαςτρίχαςτρίχαςτρίχας πόλειςπόλειςπόλειςπόλεις σώματασώματασώματασώματα φφφφῶῶῶῶτατατατα τείχητείχητείχητείχη

Vocative ποιμένεςποιμένεςποιμένεςποιμένες λέοντεςλέοντεςλέοντεςλέοντες τρίχετρίχετρίχετρίχεςςςς πόλειςπόλειςπόλειςπόλεις σώματασώματασώματασώματα φφφφῶῶῶῶτατατατα τείχητείχητείχητείχη

Paradigms of Adjectives (of three terminations Paradigms of Adjectives (of three terminations Paradigms of Adjectives (of three terminations Paradigms of Adjectives (of three terminations sect 34sect 34sect 34sect 34)))) 1st and 21st and 21st and 21st and 2nnnnd Decld Decld Decld Declensionensionensionensionndashκαλόςκαλόςκαλόςκαλός = = = = FairFairFairFair

CASESCASESCASESCASES SingularSingularSingularSingular PluralPluralPluralPlural

MascMascMascMasc FemFemFemFem NeutNeutNeutNeut MascMascMascMasc FemFemFemFem NeutNeutNeutNeut

Nominative καλόςκαλόςκαλόςκαλός καλήκαλήκαλήκαλή καλόνκαλόνκαλόνκαλόν καλοίκαλοίκαλοίκαλοί καλαίκαλαίκαλαίκαλαί καλάκαλάκαλάκαλά

Genitive καλοκαλοκαλοκαλοῦῦῦῦ καλκαλκαλκαλῆῆῆῆςςςς καλοκαλοκαλοκαλοῦῦῦῦ καλκαλκαλκαλῶῶῶῶνννν καλκαλκαλκαλῶῶῶῶνννν καλκαλκαλκαλῶῶῶῶνννν

Dative καλκαλκαλκαλῷῷῷῷ καλκαλκαλκαλῇῇῇῇςςςς καλκαλκαλκαλῷῷῷῷ καλοκαλοκαλοκαλοῖῖῖῖςςςς καλακαλακαλακαλαῖῖῖῖςςςς καλοκαλοκαλοκαλοῖῖῖῖςςςς

Accusative καλόνκαλόνκαλόνκαλόν καλήνκαλήνκαλήνκαλήν καλόνκαλόνκαλόνκαλόν καλούςκαλούςκαλούςκαλούς καλάςκαλάςκαλάςκαλάς καλάκαλάκαλάκαλά

Vocative καλέκαλέκαλέκαλέ καλήκαλήκαλήκαλή καλόνκαλόνκαλόνκαλόν καλοίκαλοίκαλοίκαλοί καλαίκαλαίκαλαίκαλαί καλάκαλάκαλάκαλά SimilarlySimilarlySimilarlySimilarly δίκαιος δικαία δίκαιον δίκαιος δικαία δίκαιον δίκαιος δικαία δίκαιον δίκαιος δικαία δίκαιον = = = = JustJustJustJust

1st and 31st and 31st and 31st and 3rrrrd Decld Decld Decld Declensionensionensionensionndashππππᾶᾶᾶᾶςςςς = = = = AllAllAllAll

SingularSingularSingularSingular PluralPluralPluralPlural

CASESCASESCASESCASES MascMascMascMasc FemFemFemFem NeutNeutNeutNeut MascMascMascMasc FemFemFemFem NeutNeutNeutNeut

Nominative ππππᾶᾶᾶᾶςςςς ππππᾶᾶᾶᾶσασασασα ππππᾶᾶᾶᾶνννν πάντεςπάντεςπάντεςπάντες ππππᾶᾶᾶᾶσαισαισαισαι πάνταπάνταπάνταπάντα

Genitive παντόςπαντόςπαντόςπαντός πάσηςπάσηςπάσηςπάσης παντόςπαντόςπαντόςπαντός πάντωνπάντωνπάντωνπάντων ππππᾶᾶᾶᾶσσσσωωωωνννν πάντωνπάντωνπάντωνπάντων

Dative παντίπαντίπαντίπαντί πάσπάσπάσπάσῃῃῃῃ παντίπαντίπαντίπαντί ππππᾶᾶᾶᾶσισισισι πάσαιςπάσαιςπάσαιςπάσαις ππππᾶᾶᾶᾶσισισισι

Accusative πάνταπάνταπάνταπάντα πάσηνπάσηνπάσηνπάσην ππππᾶᾶᾶᾶνννν ππππάάάάνταςνταςνταςντας πάσαςπάσαςπάσαςπάσας πάνταπάνταπάνταπάντα

Vocative ππππᾶᾶᾶᾶςςςς ππππᾶᾶᾶᾶσασασασα ππππᾶᾶᾶᾶνννν πάντεςπάντεςπάντεςπάντες ππππᾶᾶᾶᾶσαισαισαισαι πάνταπάνταπάνταπάντα

Similarly those ending inndash MMMM FFFF NNNN M amp NM amp NM amp NM amp N MMMM FFFF NNNN M amp NM amp NM amp NM amp N MMMM FFFF NNNN M amp NM amp NM amp NM amp N

αςαςαςας αινααινααινααινα αναναναν GGGG ανος ανος ανος ανος ούςούςούςούς οοοοῦῦῦῦσασασασα όνόνόνόν GGGG όντος όντος όντος όντος ώςώςώςώς υυυυῖῖῖῖαααα όςόςόςός GGGG ότος ότος ότος ότος

ειςειςειςεις εσσαεσσαεσσαεσσα ενενενεν GGGG εντος εντος εντος εντος ωνωνωνων ουσαουσαουσαουσα ονονονον GGGG οντος οντος οντος οντος ῶῶῶῶςςςς ῶῶῶῶσασασασα ῶῶῶῶςςςς GGGG ῶῶῶῶττττοοοοςςςς

είςείςείςείς εεεεῖῖῖῖσασασασα ένένένέν GGGG έντος έντος έντος έντος ῶῶῶῶνννν ῶῶῶῶσασασασα ῶῶῶῶνννν GGGG ῶῶῶῶντοςντοςντοςντος ύςύςύςύς εεεεῖῖῖῖαααα ύύύύ GGGG έος έος έος έος

ηνηνηνην ειναειναειναεινα ενενενεν GGGG ενος ενος ενος ενος ῶῶῶῶνννν οοοοῦῦῦῦσασασασα οοοοῦῦῦῦνννν GGGG ο ο ο οῦῦῦῦντοςντοςντοςντος ύςύςύςύς ῦῦῦῦσασασασα ύνύνύνύν GGGG ύντος ύντος ύντος ύντος

Forms in two terminations are similar for examplendash M amp FM amp FM amp FM amp F NNNN GenGenGenGen M amp FM amp FM amp FM amp F NNNN GenGenGenGen M amp FM amp FM amp FM amp F NNNN GenGenGenGen

αςαςαςας αναναναν αντοςαντοςαντοςαντος ιςιςιςις ιιιι ιτοςιτοςιτοςιτος ωνωνωνων ονονονον ονοςονοςονοςονος

ηνηνηνην ενενενεν ενοςενοςενοςενος οςοςοςος ονονονον ουουουου ωρωρωρωρ ορορορορ οροςοροςοροςορος

ήςήςήςής έςέςέςές έοςέοςέοςέος ουςουςουςους ουνουνουνουν οδοςοδοςοδοςοδος ωςωςωςως ωνωνωνων ωωωω

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip υςυςυςυς υυυυ υοςυοςυοςυος

Synopsis (1st Synopsis (1st Synopsis (1st Synopsis (1st person person person person singsingsingsing etc) of Regular (Mute) Verbs etc) of Regular (Mute) Verbs etc) of Regular (Mute) Verbs etc) of Regular (Mute) Verbs--------τύπτωτύπτωτύπτωτύπτω = = = = StrikeStrikeStrikeStrike

Active VoiceActive VoiceActive VoiceActive Voice

TENSESTENSESTENSESTENSES IndicativeIndicativeIndicativeIndicative ImperativeImperativeImperativeImperative OptativeOptativeOptativeOptative SubjunctiveSubjunctiveSubjunctiveSubjunctive InfinitiveInfinitiveInfinitiveInfinitive ParticipleParticipleParticipleParticiple

Present τύπτωτύπτωτύπτωτύπτω τύπτετύπτετύπτετύπτε helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τύπτωτύπτωτύπτωτύπτω τύπτειντύπτειντύπτειντύπτειν τύπτωντύπτωντύπτωντύπτων

Imperf ἔἔἔἔτυπτοντυπτοντυπτοντυπτον helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τύπτοιμιτύπτοιμιτύπτοιμιτύπτοιμι helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

1st Aor τύψωτύψωτύψωτύψω helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τύψοιμιτύψοιμιτύψοιμιτύψοιμι helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τύψειντύψειντύψειντύψειν τύψωντύψωντύψωντύψων

1st Fut ἔἔἔἔτυψατυψατυψατυψα τύψοντύψοντύψοντύψον τύψαιμιτύψαιμιτύψαιμιτύψαιμι τύψωτύψωτύψωτύψω τύψαιτύψαιτύψαιτύψαι τύψαςτύψαςτύψαςτύψας

Perfect τέτυφατέτυφατέτυφατέτυφα τέτυφετέτυφετέτυφετέτυφε helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τετύφωτετύφωτετύφωτετύφω τετυφέναιτετυφέναιτετυφέναιτετυφέναι τετυφώςτετυφώςτετυφώςτετυφώς

Pluperf ἐἐἐἐτετύφειντετύφειντετύφειντετύφειν helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τετύφοιμιτετύφοιμιτετύφοιμιτετύφοιμι helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

2nd Aor ἔἔἔἔτυποντυποντυποντυπον τύπετύπετύπετύπε τύποιμιτύποιμιτύποιμιτύποιμι τύπωτύπωτύπωτύπω τυπετυπετυπετυπεῖῖῖῖνννν τυπώντυπώντυπώντυπών

2nd Fut τυπτυπτυπτυπῶῶῶῶ helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τυποτυποτυποτυποῖῖῖῖμιμιμιμι helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τυπετυπετυπετυπεῖῖῖῖνννν τυπτυπτυπτυπῶῶῶῶνννν

Passive VoicePassive VoicePassive VoicePassive Voice

TENSESTENSESTENSESTENSES IndicativeIndicativeIndicativeIndicative ImperImperImperImper OptativeOptativeOptativeOptative SubjunctSubjunctSubjunctSubjunctiveiveiveive InfinitiveInfinitiveInfinitiveInfinitive ParticipleParticipleParticipleParticiple

Present τύπτομαιτύπτομαιτύπτομαιτύπτομαι τύπτουτύπτουτύπτουτύπτου helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τύπτωμαιτύπτωμαιτύπτωμαιτύπτωμαι τύπτεστύπτεστύπτεστύπτεσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι τυπτόμενοςτυπτόμενοςτυπτόμενοςτυπτόμενος

Imperf ἐἐἐἐτυπτόμηντυπτόμηντυπτόμηντυπτόμην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τυπτοίμηντυπτοίμηντυπτοίμηντυπτοίμην τυπτυπτυπτυπὦὦὦὦ helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Perfect τέτυμμαιτέτυμμαιτέτυμμαιτέτυμμαι τέτυψοτέτυψοτέτυψοτέτυψο τυπτυπτυπτυπεεεεἴἴἴἴηνηνηνην τετυμμένοςτετυμμένοςτετυμμένοςτετυμμένος τετύφτετύφτετύφτετύφϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι τετυμμένοςτετυμμένοςτετυμμένοςτετυμμένος

Pluperf ἐἐἐἐτετύμμηντετύμμηντετύμμηντετύμμην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τετυμμένοςτετυμμένοςτετυμμένοςτετυμμένος helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1st

Aorist ἐἐἐἐτύφτύφτύφτύφϑϑϑϑηνηνηνην τύφτύφτύφτύφϑϑϑϑητιητιητιητι τυφτυφτυφτυφϑϑϑϑείηνείηνείηνείην τυφτυφτυφτυφϑὼϑὼϑὼϑὼ τυφτυφτυφτυφϑῆϑῆϑῆϑῆναιναιναιναι τυφτυφτυφτυφϑϑϑϑείςείςείςείς

1st Future

ττττυφυφυφυφϑϑϑϑήσομαιήσομαιήσομαιήσομαι helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τυφτυφτυφτυφϑϑϑϑησοίμηνησοίμηνησοίμηνησοίμην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τυφτυφτυφτυφϑϑϑϑήσεσήσεσήσεσήσεσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι τυφτυφτυφτυφϑϑϑϑησόμενοςησόμενοςησόμενοςησόμενος

2nd Aorist

ἐἐἐἐτύπηντύπηντύπηντύπην τύπητύπητύπητύπηϑϑϑϑιιιι τυπείηντυπείηντυπείηντυπείην τυπτυπτυπτυπῶῶῶῶ τυπτυπτυπτυπῆῆῆῆναιναιναιναι τυπείςτυπείςτυπείςτυπείς

2nd Future

τυπήσομαιτυπήσομαιτυπήσομαιτυπήσομαι helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τυπησοίμηντυπησοίμηντυπησοίμηντυπησοίμην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τυπήσεστυπήσεστυπήσεστυπήσεσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι τυπησόμενοςτυπησόμενοςτυπησόμενοςτυπησόμενος

3rd Future

τετύψομαιτετύψομαιτετύψομαιτετύψομαι helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τετυψοίμηντετυψοίμηντετυψοίμηντετυψοίμην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τετύψεστετύψεστετύψεστετύψεσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι τετυψόμενοςτετυψόμενοςτετυψόμενοςτετυψόμενος

Middle VoiceMiddle VoiceMiddle VoiceMiddle Voice TENSESTENSESTENSESTENSES IndicativeIndicativeIndicativeIndicative ImperativeImperativeImperativeImperative OptativeOptativeOptativeOptative SubjunctiveSubjunctiveSubjunctiveSubjunctive InfinitiveInfinitiveInfinitiveInfinitive ParticipleParticipleParticipleParticiple

Present

Imperfect Same throughout as the Passive Voice

Perfect τέτυπατέτυπατέτυπατέτυπα τέτυπετέτυπετέτυπετέτυπε helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τετύπωτετύπωτετύπωτετύπω τετυπέναιτετυπέναιτετυπέναιτετυπέναι τετυπώςτετυπώςτετυπώςτετυπώς

Pluperfect ἐἐἐἐτετύπειντετύπειντετύπειντετύπειν helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τετύποιμιτετύποιμιτετύποιμιτετύποιμι helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

1st Aorist ἐἐἐἐτυτυτυτυψάμηνψάμηνψάμηνψάμην τύψαιτύψαιτύψαιτύψαι τυψαίμηντυψαίμηντυψαίμηντυψαίμην τύψωμαιτύψωμαιτύψωμαιτύψωμαι τύψαστύψαστύψαστύψασϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι τυψάμενοςτυψάμενοςτυψάμενοςτυψάμενος

1st Future τύψομαιτύψομαιτύψομαιτύψομαι helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τυψοίμηντυψοίμηντυψοίμηντυψοίμην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τύψεστύψεστύψεστύψεσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι τυψόμενοςτυψόμενοςτυψόμενοςτυψόμενος

2nd Aorist ἐἐἐἐτυπόμηντυπόμηντυπόμηντυπόμην τυποτυποτυποτυποῦῦῦῦ τυποίμηντυποίμηντυποίμηντυποίμην τύπωμαιτύπωμαιτύπωμαιτύπωμαι τυπέστυπέστυπέστυπέσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι τυπόμενοςτυπόμενοςτυπόμενοςτυπόμενος

2nd Future τυποτυποτυποτυποῦῦῦῦμαιμαιμαιμαι helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τυποίμηντυποίμηντυποίμηντυποίμην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τυπετυπετυπετυπεῖῖῖῖσσσσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι τυπούμενοςτυπούμενοςτυπούμενοςτυπούμενος

Regular VerbRegular VerbRegular VerbRegular Verb----EEEEndings (including moodndings (including moodndings (including moodndings (including mood----vowelvowelvowelvowel))))

s = singular p = plural Active VoiceActive VoiceActive VoiceActive Voice (including sect 52sect 52sect 52sect 52) MiddleMiddleMiddleMiddle and Passive VoicePassive VoicePassive VoicePassive Voice (except sect 52sect 52sect 52sect 52)

1111 2222 3333 1111 2222 3333 s ωωωω ειςειςειςεις ειειειει s ομαιομαιομαιομαι ῃῃῃῃ εταιεταιεταιεται Indicative of

Present and Future p ομενομενομενομεν ετεετεετεετε ουσιουσιουσιουσι

Indicative of Present and Future p όόόόμεμεμεμεϑϑϑϑαααα εσεσεσεσϑϑϑϑεεεε ονταιονταιονταιονται

s ωωωω ηςηςηςης ῃῃῃῃ s ωμαιωμαιωμαιωμαι ῃῃῃῃ ηταιηταιηταιηται Subjunctive throughout

p ωμενωμενωμενωμεν ητεητεητεητε ωσιωσιωσιωσι

Subjunctive throughout

(exc Perf Passive) p ώμεώμεώμεώμεϑϑϑϑαααα ησησησησϑϑϑϑεεεε ωνταιωνταιωνταιωνται

s αααα αςαςαςας εεεε s άμηνάμηνάμηνάμην ωωωω ατοατοατοατο Indicative of Perfect

and 1st Aorist p αμεναμεναμεναμεν ατεατεατεατε ασασασασιιιι

Indicative of 1st Aorist Middle

p άμεάμεάμεάμεϑϑϑϑαααα ασασασασϑϑϑϑεεεε αντοαντοαντοαντο

s ονονονον εςεςεςες εεεε s όμηνόμηνόμηνόμην ουουουου ετοετοετοετο Indicative of Imperfect

and 2nd Aorist p ομενομενομενομεν ετεετεετεετε ονονονον

Indicative of Imperf and

2nd Aorist Middle p όμεόμεόμεόμεϑϑϑϑαααα εσεσεσεσϑϑϑϑεεεε οντοοντοοντοοντο

s ηνηνηνην ηςηςηςης ηηηη s μαμαμαμαιιιι σαισαισαισαι ταιταιταιται Indicative of

Aorist Passive amp Optative p ημενημενημενημεν ητεητεητεητε ησανησανησανησαν

Indicative of Perfect Passive

p μεμεμεμεϑϑϑϑαααα σσσσϑϑϑϑεεεε νταινταινταινται

s εινεινεινειν ειςειςειςεις ειειειει s μηνμηνμηνμην σοσοσοσο τοτοτοτο Indicative of Pluperfect

p ειμενειμενειμενειμεν ειτεειτεειτεειτε εισανεισανεισανεισαν

Indicative of Pluperfect Passive

p μεμεμεμεϑϑϑϑαααα σσσσϑϑϑϑεεεε ντοντοντοντο

s οιμιοιμιοιμιοιμι οιςοιςοιςοις οιοιοιοι s οίμηνοίμηνοίμηνοίμην οιοοιοοιοοιο οιτοοιτοοιτοοιτο Optative exc as

above amp below p οιμενοιμενοιμενοιμεν οιτεοιτεοιτεοιτε οιενοιενοιενοιεν

Opt exc as below (and Perfect

Passive) p οίμεοίμεοίμεοίμεϑϑϑϑαααα οισοισοισοισϑϑϑϑεεεε οιντοοιντοοιντοοιντο s αιμιαιμιαιμιαιμι αιςαιςαιςαις αιαιαιαι s αίμηναίμηναίμηναίμην αιαιαιαιοοοο αιτοαιτοαιτοαιτο

Optative of 1st Aorist p

αιμεαιμεαιμεαιμενννν

αιτεαιτεαιτεαιτε αιεναιεναιεναιεν Optative of

1st Aorist Middle p αίμεαίμεαίμεαίμεϑϑϑϑαααα αισαισαισαισϑϑϑϑεεεε αιντοαιντοαιντοαιντο

s εεεε έτωέτωέτωέτω s ουουουου έσέσέσέσϑϑϑϑωωωω Imperative of

Present 2nd Aorist amp

Perfect p ετεετεετεετε έτωσανέτωσανέτωσανέτωσαν

Imperative of Present

and 2nd Aorist (Middle) p εσεσεσεσϑϑϑϑεεεε έσέσέσέσϑϑϑϑωσανωσανωσανωσαν

s ονονονον άτωάτωάτωάτω s αιαιαιαι άσάσάσάσϑϑϑϑωωωω Imperative of

1st Aorist p ατεατεατεατε άτωσανάτωσανάτωσανάτωσαν Imperative of 1st

Aorist Mid p ασασασασϑϑϑϑεεεε άσάσάσάσϑϑϑϑωσαωσαωσαωσα

νννν s ηθιηθιηθιηθι ήτωήτωήτωήτω s σοσοσοσο ϑϑϑϑωωωω Imperative of

Aorist Passive p ητεητεητεητε ήτωσανήτωσανήτωσανήτωσαν Imperative of

Perfect Passive p σσσσϑϑϑϑεεεε σσσσϑϑϑϑωσανωσανωσανωσαν

Reference Reference Reference Reference NotesNotesNotesNotes on on on on the the the the TTTTable of able of able of able of Regular VerbRegular VerbRegular VerbRegular Verb----EndingsEndingsEndingsEndings above above above above

aaaa But αναναναν (anananan) in 1st Aorist tense

bbbb The Optative mood has an extra mood-diphthong ειειειει (eieieiei [eye] ) before ending

cccc But ητιητιητιητι in 1st Aorist tense see sect 14

dddd The Perfect and Pluperfect tense - Passive voice are often inflected periphrastically (especially in the Optative and Subjunctive moods) by means of an auxiliary (from εεεεἰἰἰἰμίμίμίμί (eimieimieimieimi [eye-meersquo] = totototo be be be be) with the participle

Synopsis of Verbs in μιSynopsis of Verbs in μιSynopsis of Verbs in μιSynopsis of Verbs in μι


IndicativeIndicativeIndicativeIndicative ImperativeImperativeImperativeImperative OptativeOptativeOptativeOptative SubjunctiveSubjunctiveSubjunctiveSubjunctive InfinitiveInfinitiveInfinitiveInfinitive ParticipleParticipleParticipleParticiple

Present ἵἵἵἵστημιστημιστημιστημι ἵἵἵἵστασταστασταϑϑϑϑιιιι helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip ἱἱἱἱστστστστῶῶῶῶ ἱἱἱἱστάναιστάναιστάναιστάναι ἱἱἱἱστάςστάςστάςστάς

Imperfect ἵἵἵἵστηνστηνστηνστην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip ἱἱἱἱσταίηνσταίηνσταίηνσταίην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

2nd Aorist ἕἕἕἕστηνστηνστηνστην στστστστῆϑῆϑῆϑῆϑιιιι σταίσταίσταίσταίηνηνηνην στστστστῶῶῶῶ στστστστῆῆῆῆναιναιναιναι στάςστάςστάςστάς

Present τίτίτίτίϑϑϑϑημιημιημιημι τίτίτίτίϑϑϑϑετιετιετιετι helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τιτιτιτιϑῶϑῶϑῶϑῶ τιτιτιτιϑϑϑϑέναιέναιέναιέναι τιτιτιτιϑϑϑϑείςείςείςείς

Imperfect ἐἐἐἐτίτίτίτίϑϑϑϑηνηνηνην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τιτιτιτιϑϑϑϑείηνείηνείηνείην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

2nd Aorist ἔϑἔϑἔϑἔϑηνηνηνην ϑϑϑϑέςέςέςές ϑϑϑϑείηνείηνείηνείην ϑῶϑῶϑῶϑῶ ϑῆϑῆϑῆϑῆναιναιναιναι ϑϑϑϑείςείςείςείς

Present δίδωμιδίδωμιδίδωμιδίδωμι δίδοδίδοδίδοδίδοϑϑϑϑιιιι helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip δίδδίδδίδδίδῶῶῶῶ δδδδιιιιδόναιδόναιδόναιδόναι δίδούςδίδούςδίδούςδίδούς

Imperfect ἐἐἐἐδίδωνδίδωνδίδωνδίδων helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip διδοίηνδιδοίηνδιδοίηνδιδοίην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

2nd Aorist ἔἔἔἔδωνδωνδωνδων δόςδόςδόςδός δοίηνδοίηνδοίηνδοίην δδδδῶῶῶῶ δοδοδοδοῦῦῦῦναιναιναιναι δούςδούςδούςδούς

Present δείκνυμιδείκνυμιδείκνυμιδείκνυμι δέικνδέικνδέικνδέικνυυυυϑϑϑϑιιιι helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip δεικνύναιδεικνύναιδεικνύναιδεικνύναι δεικνύςδεικνύςδεικνύςδεικνύς

Imperfect ἐἐἐἐδείκνυνδείκνυνδείκνυνδείκνυν helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Middle VoiceMiddle VoiceMiddle VoiceMiddle Voice (including Present and Imperfect Passive) IndicativeIndicativeIndicativeIndicative ImperativeImperativeImperativeImperative OptativeOptativeOptativeOptative SubjunctivSubjunctivSubjunctivSubjunctiveeee InfinitiveInfinitiveInfinitiveInfinitive ParticipleParticipleParticipleParticiple

Present ἵἵἵἵσταμαισταμαισταμαισταμαι ἵἵἵἵστασοστασοστασοστασο helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip ἱἱἱἱστστστστῶῶῶῶμαιμαιμαιμαι ἵἵἵἵστασστασστασστασϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι ἱἱἱἱστάμενοςστάμενοςστάμενοςστάμενος

Imperfect ἱἱἱἱστάμηνστάμηνστάμηνστάμην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip ἱἱἱἱσταίμηνσταίμηνσταίμηνσταίμην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

2nd Aorist

ἐἐἐἐστστστστάάάάμηνμηνμηνμην στάσοστάσοστάσοστάσο σταίμηνσταίμηνσταίμηνσταίμην στστστστῶῶῶῶμαιμαιμαιμαι στάσστάσστάσστάσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι στάμενοςστάμενοςστάμενοςστάμενος

Present τίτίτίτίϑϑϑϑεμαιεμαιεμαιεμαι τιτιτιτιϑϑϑϑεσοεσοεσοεσο helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τιτιτιτιϑῶϑῶϑῶϑῶμαιμαιμαιμαι τίτίτίτίϑϑϑϑεσεσεσεσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι τιτιτιτιϑϑϑϑέμενοςέμενοςέμενοςέμενος

Imperfect ἐἐἐἐτιτιτιτιϑϑϑϑέμηνέμηνέμηνέμην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip τιτιτιτιϑϑϑϑείμηνείμηνείμηνείμην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

2nd Aorist

ἐϑἐϑἐϑἐϑέμηνέμηνέμηνέμην ϑϑϑϑέέέέσοσοσοσο ϑϑϑϑείμηνείμηνείμηνείμην ϑῶϑῶϑῶϑῶμαιμαιμαιμαι ϑϑϑϑέσέσέσέσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι ϑϑϑϑέμενοςέμενοςέμενοςέμενος

Present δίδομαιδίδομαιδίδομαιδίδομαι δίδοσοδίδοσοδίδοσοδίδοσο helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip διδδιδδιδδιδῶῶῶῶμαιμαιμαιμαι δίδοσδίδοσδίδοσδίδοσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι διδόμενοςδιδόμενοςδιδόμενοςδιδόμενος

Imperfect ἐἐἐἐδιδόμηνδιδόμηνδιδόμηνδιδόμην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip διδοίμηνδιδοίμηνδιδοίμηνδιδοίμην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

2nd Aorist

ἐἐἐἐδόμηνδόμηνδόμηνδόμην δόσοδόσοδόσοδόσο δοίμηνδοίμηνδοίμηνδοίμην δδδδῶῶῶῶμαιμαιμαιμαι δόσδόσδόσδόσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι δδδδόμενοςόμενοςόμενοςόμενος

Present δείκνυμαιδείκνυμαιδείκνυμαιδείκνυμαι δείκνυσοδείκνυσοδείκνυσοδείκνυσο helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip δείκνυσδείκνυσδείκνυσδείκνυσϑϑϑϑαιαιαιαι δεικνύμενοζδεικνύμενοζδεικνύμενοζδεικνύμενοζ

Imperfect ἐἐἐἐδείκυμηνδείκυμηνδείκυμηνδείκυμην helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

All the other tenses are regular as if from στάωστάωστάωστάω ϑϑϑϑέωέωέωέω δόωδόωδόωδόω δεικνύωδεικνύωδεικνύωδεικνύω meaning respectively to standstandstandstand putputputput givegivegivegive and showshowshowshow

Peculiar Peculiar Peculiar Peculiar Endings of Verbs in μιEndings of Verbs in μιEndings of Verbs in μιEndings of Verbs in μι SingularSingularSingularSingular PluralPluralPluralPlural

1 1 1 1 ----μενμενμενμεν

2 2 2 2 ----τετετετε ἵἵἵἵστηστηστηστη---- τίτίτίτίϑϑϑϑηηηη---- δίδωδίδωδίδωδίδω---- δέικνυδέικνυδέικνυδέικνυ----

1 1 1 1 ----μιμιμιμι 2 2 2 2 ----ςςςς 3 3 3 3 ----σισισισι

ἵἵἵἵσταστασταστα---- τιτιτιτιϑϑϑϑεεεε---- δίδοδίδοδίδοδίδο---- δέικνυδέικνυδέικνυδέικνυ----

3 3 3 3 ἵἵἵἵστασιστασιστασιστασι ττττίίίίϑϑϑϑεισιεισιεισιεισι δίδουσιδίδουσιδίδουσιδίδουσι δέικνυσι δέικνυσι δέικνυσι δέικνυσι

∆∆∆∆ίδωμιίδωμιίδωμιίδωμι (ddddidomiidomiidomiidomi [deersquo-doh-mee] ) has ωωωω as a union-vowel throughout the subjunctive mood (present and 2nd aorist tenses) of both voices and ἵἵἵἵστημιστημιστημιστημι (histemihistemihistemihistemi [heersquo-stay-mee] ) has αααα in the 2nd and 3rd person sing and 2nd person plural of the subjunctive mood - present tense All the other forms follow the inflection of the regular verb

Copyright copy 2008 Timothy Stouffer - Bible Truth Lionorg - All Rights Reserved

PREFACEPREFACEPREFACEPREFACE

This little Manual was originally prepared for the NORMAL CLASS at the request of the editor of that Journal and was at the same time expected to form an instruction book at the Sunday-School Assembly annually held at Chautauqua This accounts for its form in twelve series of two pages each The reading lessons however have been made sufficiently full for subsequent study Of course the simplest elements only of the Greek language can be comprised in such narrow limits nor can a full vocabulary or ready facility be acquired in so short a course Nevertheless a good beginning may be made and that is ldquohalf the battlerdquo in any enterprise It is believed that a thorough mastery of this small volume will prove a conquest over all the real difficulties of the original tongue of the New Testament

J S

Editorrsquos ForwardEditorrsquos ForwardEditorrsquos ForwardEditorrsquos Forward

Dr James Strongrsquos work in the field of Biblical Linguistics has been an invaluable contribution to successive generations of Bible students I believe as did he that mastery of this small Greek study volume will provide adequate resources to further education in the Koine Greek dialect and invariably further understanding of the New Testament Christian Scriptures overall while even affording insight into the Old Testament Scriptures as well both of which sometimes have Truth masked behind a veil of a second generation translational language such as English or any other language for that matter This small volume has been enhanced through interpreting the shortcut abbreviations which were so often deemed necessary in times past as space saving devices for printing of the text yet left much confusion for the beginning English reader who has undertaken the task of learning New Testament Greek to further his or her understanding in their walk with GOD That has hopefully been alleviated through this enhanced edition of Strong Strong Strong Strong ---- Stouffer Stouffer Stouffer Stouffer Greek in a NutshellGreek in a NutshellGreek in a NutshellGreek in a Nutshell
























18181818 Σ σ Σ σ Σ σ Σ σ









































(with ldquosrdquo)

Kappa-mutes



























Vocative Address O















Masc Neut Masc Neut


































































Pres and Fut

























σσσσ
















































































































































































compare 63























18181818 See viii 8







25252525 See viii 27


27272727 See vii 5


29292929 See vii 15


31313131 See vii 1
















47474747 sect 39

48484848 See vii 3




52525252 sect 38



55555555 See vii 20










65656565 sect 30





70707070 See vii 15

71717171 See vii 9




75757575 See 36 above

76767676 sect 30


78787878 See 13 above

79797979 sect 30

80808080 See viii 19



















































35353535 See sect 33

36363636 See ix 34



















7777 See sect 38





11111111 See sect 22

12121212 See vii 2



























































































1st Future


2nd Aorist


2nd Future


3rd Future



Present










































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




































18181818 Σ σ Σ σ Σ σ Σ σ









































(with ldquosrdquo)

Kappa-mutes



























Vocative Address O















Masc Neut Masc Neut


































































Pres and Fut

























σσσσ
















































































































































































compare 63























18181818 See viii 8







25252525 See viii 27


27272727 See vii 5


29292929 See vii 15


31313131 See vii 1
















47474747 sect 39

48484848 See vii 3




52525252 sect 38



55555555 See vii 20










65656565 sect 30





70707070 See vii 15

71717171 See vii 9




75757575 See 36 above

76767676 sect 30


78787878 See 13 above

79797979 sect 30

80808080 See viii 19



















































35353535 See sect 33

36363636 See ix 34



















7777 See sect 38





11111111 See sect 22

12121212 See vii 2



























































































1st Future


2nd Aorist


2nd Future


3rd Future



Present










































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist














































(with ldquosrdquo)

Kappa-mutes



























Vocative Address O















Masc Neut Masc Neut


































































Pres and Fut

























σσσσ
















































































































































































compare 63























18181818 See viii 8







25252525 See viii 27


27272727 See vii 5


29292929 See vii 15


31313131 See vii 1
















47474747 sect 39

48484848 See vii 3




52525252 sect 38



55555555 See vii 20










65656565 sect 30





70707070 See vii 15

71717171 See vii 9




75757575 See 36 above

76767676 sect 30


78787878 See 13 above

79797979 sect 30

80808080 See viii 19



















































35353535 See sect 33

36363636 See ix 34



















7777 See sect 38





11111111 See sect 22

12121212 See vii 2



























































































1st Future


2nd Aorist


2nd Future


3rd Future



Present










































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist
































Vocative Address O















Masc Neut Masc Neut


































































Pres and Fut

























σσσσ
















































































































































































compare 63























18181818 See viii 8







25252525 See viii 27


27272727 See vii 5


29292929 See vii 15


31313131 See vii 1
















47474747 sect 39

48484848 See vii 3




52525252 sect 38



55555555 See vii 20










65656565 sect 30





70707070 See vii 15

71717171 See vii 9




75757575 See 36 above

76767676 sect 30


78787878 See 13 above

79797979 sect 30

80808080 See viii 19



















































35353535 See sect 33

36363636 See ix 34



















7777 See sect 38





11111111 See sect 22

12121212 See vii 2



























































































1st Future


2nd Aorist


2nd Future


3rd Future



Present










































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist



























Masc Neut Masc Neut


































































Pres and Fut

























σσσσ
















































































































































































compare 63























18181818 See viii 8







25252525 See viii 27


27272727 See vii 5


29292929 See vii 15


31313131 See vii 1
















47474747 sect 39

48484848 See vii 3




52525252 sect 38



55555555 See vii 20










65656565 sect 30





70707070 See vii 15

71717171 See vii 9




75757575 See 36 above

76767676 sect 30


78787878 See 13 above

79797979 sect 30

80808080 See viii 19



















































35353535 See sect 33

36363636 See ix 34



















7777 See sect 38





11111111 See sect 22

12121212 See vii 2



























































































1st Future


2nd Aorist


2nd Future


3rd Future



Present










































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist






























































Pres and Fut

























σσσσ
















































































































































































compare 63























18181818 See viii 8







25252525 See viii 27


27272727 See vii 5


29292929 See vii 15


31313131 See vii 1
















47474747 sect 39

48484848 See vii 3




52525252 sect 38



55555555 See vii 20










65656565 sect 30





70707070 See vii 15

71717171 See vii 9




75757575 See 36 above

76767676 sect 30


78787878 See 13 above

79797979 sect 30

80808080 See viii 19



















































35353535 See sect 33

36363636 See ix 34



















7777 See sect 38





11111111 See sect 22

12121212 See vii 2



























































































1st Future


2nd Aorist


2nd Future


3rd Future



Present










































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist






















σσσσ
















































































































































































compare 63























18181818 See viii 8







25252525 See viii 27


27272727 See vii 5


29292929 See vii 15


31313131 See vii 1
















47474747 sect 39

48484848 See vii 3




52525252 sect 38



55555555 See vii 20










65656565 sect 30





70707070 See vii 15

71717171 See vii 9




75757575 See 36 above

76767676 sect 30


78787878 See 13 above

79797979 sect 30

80808080 See viii 19



















































35353535 See sect 33

36363636 See ix 34



















7777 See sect 38





11111111 See sect 22

12121212 See vii 2



























































































1st Future


2nd Aorist


2nd Future


3rd Future



Present










































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




















































































































































































compare 63























18181818 See viii 8







25252525 See viii 27


27272727 See vii 5


29292929 See vii 15


31313131 See vii 1
















47474747 sect 39

48484848 See vii 3




52525252 sect 38



55555555 See vii 20










65656565 sect 30





70707070 See vii 15

71717171 See vii 9




75757575 See 36 above

76767676 sect 30


78787878 See 13 above

79797979 sect 30

80808080 See viii 19



















































35353535 See sect 33

36363636 See ix 34



















7777 See sect 38





11111111 See sect 22

12121212 See vii 2



























































































1st Future


2nd Aorist


2nd Future


3rd Future



Present










































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist

















18181818 See viii 8







25252525 See viii 27


27272727 See vii 5


29292929 See vii 15


31313131 See vii 1
















47474747 sect 39

48484848 See vii 3




52525252 sect 38



55555555 See vii 20










65656565 sect 30





70707070 See vii 15

71717171 See vii 9




75757575 See 36 above

76767676 sect 30


78787878 See 13 above

79797979 sect 30

80808080 See viii 19



















































35353535 See sect 33

36363636 See ix 34



















7777 See sect 38





11111111 See sect 22

12121212 See vii 2



























































































1st Future


2nd Aorist


2nd Future


3rd Future



Present










































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist
























47474747 sect 39

48484848 See vii 3




52525252 sect 38



55555555 See vii 20










65656565 sect 30





70707070 See vii 15

71717171 See vii 9




75757575 See 36 above

76767676 sect 30


78787878 See 13 above

79797979 sect 30

80808080 See viii 19



















































35353535 See sect 33

36363636 See ix 34



















7777 See sect 38





11111111 See sect 22

12121212 See vii 2



























































































1st Future


2nd Aorist


2nd Future


3rd Future



Present










































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




















65656565 sect 30





70707070 See vii 15

71717171 See vii 9




75757575 See 36 above

76767676 sect 30


78787878 See 13 above

79797979 sect 30

80808080 See viii 19



















































35353535 See sect 33

36363636 See ix 34



















7777 See sect 38





11111111 See sect 22

12121212 See vii 2



























































































1st Future


2nd Aorist


2nd Future


3rd Future



Present










































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist






























































35353535 See sect 33

36363636 See ix 34



















7777 See sect 38





11111111 See sect 22

12121212 See vii 2



























































































1st Future


2nd Aorist


2nd Future


3rd Future



Present










































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist























7777 See sect 38





11111111 See sect 22

12121212 See vii 2



























































































1st Future


2nd Aorist


2nd Future


3rd Future



Present










































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist






































































































1st Future


2nd Aorist


2nd Future


3rd Future



Present










































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist















































































2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist




2nd Aorist













StrongStoufferGreekInANutshellNoLinksrtf 3

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