Strong Motion Attenuation Relationship for PSHMs …Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November...

2011 KOZO KEIKAKU ENGINEERING Inc.

Strong Motion Attenuation

Relationship for PSHMs in Japan

Hongjun SI Kozo Keikaku Eng. Inc/ERI, Univ. of Tokyo


The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Outline

Tectonics surrounding Japan

Strong motion observation network

GMPE for PSHMs in Japan

Applicability to worldwide data

About the 2011 Mw9.1 Tohoku earthquake

Summary



Tectonics for Japan

… 2 …

Taira (2001)



Seismicity along tectonic boundaries

… 3 …

By Bird (2003)



Main earthquakes

… 4 …

The 2011 Tohoku earthquake

http://www. jishin.go.jp/



The types of earthquakes that occur in the Japanese archipelago and the surrounding area

http://www.hp1039.jishin.go.jp/eqchreng/f2-18.htm



Strong motion observation networks in

Japan

… 6 …

After Midorikawa(2005)



Si and Midorikawa (1999) for PGV Attenuation relation in Japan by Si and Midorikawa (1999)

where X, Mw show fault distance, and moment magnitude, respectively. D is focal depth represented by the depth of the center of a fault plane. d shows is defined as bellow:


29.1002.0)100028.0log(0038.058.0log 5.0 −−•+−++= XXdDMPGV wMw

d= 0.0 for crustal -0.02 for inter-plate 0.12 for intra-plate

Si and Midorikawa (1999) is defined on stiff ground with Vs30=600m/s



Evaluating the effects on strong motion by the earthquakes with different tectonic setting, applicable to near source area

地殻内地震

最大

加速

度

cm/s

2

ACC.M w = 7.0Depth = 20 km

プレート間地震

プレート内地震

101 102101

102

103

地殻内地震

断層最短距離 km

最大速

度. c

m/s

VEL.M w = 7.0Depth = 20 km

プレート間地震

プレート内地震

101 102100

101

102

Effects of earthquake type

Fault distance km

PGA

cm

/s2

PGV

cm

/s

Intra plate

Intra plate Inter plate

Inter plate Crustal

Crustal

Attenuation relation in Japan by Si and Midorikawa (1999)



Attenuation relation in Japan by Si and Midorikawa (1999)

Effects of focus depth

ACC.Mw = 7.0プレート内地震

最大加速度

cm

/s2

Depth = 30 km

Depth = 100 km

101 102 103101

102

103

VEL.Mw = 7.0プレート内地震

断層最短距離 km

最大速度

cm

/s

Depth = 30 km

Depth = 100 km

101 102 103

100

101

Evaluating the effects of focus depth and site effects on strong ground motion

Fault distance km

PGA

cm

/s2

PGV

cm

/s

Intra-subduction-plate Intra-subduction-plate



Main Application of Si and Midorikawa(1999)

Earthquake Early Warning

… 10 …

After JMA

National wide hazard map

After NIED

http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/en/Activities/image/eew1.png�



Crustal event: The 1994 Mw6.7 Northridge , California earthquake

P.G

.V c

m/s

M w = 6.69Crustal

Si and Midorikawa(1999) +/-σ=0.23

Fault distance km100 101 102 103

100

101

102

Fault distance km

P.G

.A c

m/s2

M w = 6.69Crustal


100 101 102 103

101

102

103

Applicability of the GMPE in Japan to the earthquakes in the world 1



Crustal event: The 2008 Mw7.9 Great Wenchuan, Sichuan, China

P.G

.A (

cm

/s2 )

Mw = 7.9 Si and Midorikawa(1999) +/-σ=0.27

Fault distance ( k m )

MZQ

WCWSFB

Soil Bed Rock

100 101 102

101

102

103

P.G

.V (

cm

/s )

Mw = 7.9 Si and Midorikawa(1999) +/-σ=0.23

Fault distance ( k m )

MZQWCW

SFB

Soil Bed Rock

100 101 102

100

101

102




Crustal event:

The 2010 Mw7.2 BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO

Crustal event:

The 1999 Mw7.62 Chi-Chi earthquake

Fault distance k m

P.G

.A c

m/s2

M w = 7.2Crustal


100 101 102 103

101

102

103


P.G

.V c

m/s

Mw = 7.62, aveFDepth=13 kmCrustal


Fault distance km

100 101 102

100

101

102



Applicability of the GMPE in Japan to the earthquakes in the world: NGA-PGA

… 14 …



Applicability of the GMPE in Japan to the earthquakes in the world: NGA-PGV

… 15 …



Strong motion recorded during the 2011 Mw9.1 Tohoku earthquake

… 16 …



PGA&PGV for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake P

.G.A

. ( c

m/s

2 )

Mw = 9.1 Si and Midorikawa (1999) Standard Deviation=0.27

Fault Distance ( km )

K-NET KiK-net

100 101 102

101

102

103

Koketsu et al. (2011)

Si, H., Kuyuk, H. S., Koketsu, K. & Miyake, M. Attenuation characteristics of peak ground motion during the 2011 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake, Seismol. Res. Lett. 82, 460 (2011)



Comments by Boore (2011)

… 18 …

http://www.daveboore.com/daves_notes/comparisons_of_ground_motions_from_the_m_9_tohoku_earthquake_with_gmpes_v1.4.pdf

Figure 4. Similar to Figure 2, adding LL08, Aea10, MP10 GMPEs, and BCHydro10, and showing soil sites only for GMPEs (except for Aea10 and MP10, which are only for rock).

Figure 2. Observed and predicted ground motions (see text for definitions of the GMPE abbreviations). The yellow band corresponds to minus and plus one standard deviation in predicted values for the Zea06 GMPEs for S 30 V of 345 m/s (because Zea06 uses discrete site classes, the motions are the same as for S 30 V of 586 m/s, because their site class 2 ranges from 300 to 600 m/s).



Comparison of Peak motions for the 2011 Mw9.1 Tohoku and the 2003 Mw8.3 Tokachi-oki earthquake

Koketsu et al. (2004)

P.G.

V.

( cm

/s )

Si and Midorikawa (1999) Mw = 9.1 Si and Midorikawa (1999) Mw = 8.2


This earthquake 2003 Off Tokachi

100 101 102

100

101

102

P.G.

A. (

cm

/s2

)

Si and Midorikawa (1999) Mw = 9.1 Si and Midorikawa (1999) Mw = 8.2


This earthqukae 2003 Off Tokachi

100 101 102

101

102

103

Si, H., Kuyuk, H. S., Koketsu, K. & Miyake, M. Attenuation characteristics of peak ground motion during the 2011 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake, Seismol. Res. Lett. 82, 460 (2011)



2010 Chile and 2001 Peru earthqauke 201002270634A NEAR COAST OF CENTRAL CH

Date: 2010/ 2/27 Centroid Time: 6:35:14.5 GMT Lat= -35.98 Lon= -73.15 Depth= 23.2 Half duration=60.0 Centroid time minus hypocenter time: 58.9 Moment Tensor: Expo=29 1.040 -0.039 -1.000 0.304 -1.520 -0.119 Mw = 8.8 mb = 0.0 Ms = 8.3 Scalar Moment = 1.86e+29 Fault plane: strike=19 dip=18 slip=116 Fault plane: strike=172 dip=74 slip=82

Poiata et al. （2010） Boroschek et al. (2010)

Global CMT

062301E NEAR COAST OF PERU

Date: 2001/ 6/23 Centroid Time: 20:34:23.3 GMT Lat= -17.28 Lon= -72.71 Depth= 29.6 Half duration=43.2 Centroid time minus hypocenter time: 69.2 Moment Tensor: Expo=28 2.245 -0.547 -1.698 1.339 -3.728 1.444 Mw = 8.4 mb = 6.7 Ms = 8.2 Scalar Moment = 4.67e+28 Fault plane: strike=310 dip=18 slip=63 Fault plane: strike=159 dip=74 slip=98



Application of GMPE for Mw9 Mega-thrust earthquakes

PGV

Coe

ffici

ent

b

Moment magnitude

6 7 8 9 102

3

4

5

Si, H., Koketsu, K. & Miyake, M, Midorikawa S. Attenuation Characteristics of Peak Ground Motions from Giant Earthquakes - The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Other Giant Earthquakes -, Fall meeting of SSJ (2011)

log A = b -log ( X+c ) - k X



Strong motion for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (when using Equivalent Hypo. Distance)

・ Using the slip model by Koketsu et al. (2011)

P.G

.A.

( cm

/s2 )

Si and Midorikawa (1999) Mw = 9.1

Equivalent Hypo. Distance ( km )

K-NET KiK-net

101 102 103

101

102

103

P.G

.V.

( cm

/s )

Si and Midorikawa (1999) Mw = 9.1

Equivalent Hypo. Distance ( km )

K-NET KiK-net

101 102 103

100

101

102

ERI, Univ. of Tokyo ERI, Univ. of Tokyo



Si and Midorikawa (1999) for PGV using Ehd Attenuation relation in Japan by Si and Midorikawa (1999)

where X, Mw show EHD, and moment magnitude, respectively. D is focal depth represented by the depth of the center of a fault plane. d shows is defined as bellow:


25.1002.0log0031.058.0log −−−++= XXdDMPGV eqw

d= 0.0 for crustal 0.06 for inter-plate 0.16 for intra-plate

Si and Midorikawa (1999) is defined on stiff ground with Vs30=600m/s



Calculation of Ehd

Slip model by Koketsu et al.(2011) Definition of Ehd

… 24 …

∑∑=

2

2

2

i

i

ieq

XMM

X



Summary

Attenuation model for PSHMs in Japan also can be applied to the strong motion data world wide

When using closest distance to the fault plane, additional saturation for M should me considered in an attenuation model. Fortunately, this saturation has been considered in the hazard map in Japan.

the attenuation model using equivalent hypo. distance seems can be applied to a Mw9 mega-thrust earthquake.

… 25 …



FIN

Thank you !

Strong Motion Attenuation Relationship for PSHMs …Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November...

Documents

Transcript of Strong Motion Attenuation Relationship for PSHMs …Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November...