Dr LOIZOS CHRISTODOULOU Aretaeio Private Hospital Nicosia,Cyprus
Striking New Evidence for the Action of a Cosmic Battery in AGN Denise Gabuzda (University College...
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Transcript of Striking New Evidence for the Action of a Cosmic Battery in AGN Denise Gabuzda (University College...
Striking New Evidence for the Action of a Cosmic Battery in AGN
Denise Gabuzda (University College Cork) Dimitris Christodoulou (University of Massachusetts Lowell)
Ioannis Contopoulos (Academy of Athens) Demosthenes Kazanas (NASA/Goddard)
Contopoulos et al. 2009
Meier, Koide & Uchida 2001
(1) Faraday rotation (FR) and helical/toroidal fields
Rotation of central supermassive black hole and accretion disc + jet outflow gives rise to helical jet B field. Yields FR gradient across the jet due to systematically changing line-of-sight B:
BLOS B away from observer
(RM < 0)
LOS B towards observer
(RM > 0)
•
Jet axis
CCW
(2) The “Poynting—Robertson Battery” (Contopoulos et al. 2009 & refs therein)
Radiation absorbed by charges in rotating accretion disc is re-radiated isotropically in rest frame, “beamed” in direction of motion (rotation) in observer’s frame
· Charges thus feel a reaction force:
· Deceleration of e– >> deceleration of p due to dependence on mass (Thomson cross section ~ m-2)
Electric current in direction of rotation
Couples direction of rotation and poloidal B field wound up by differential rotation
Azimuthal and poloidal B fields ae coupled
Force on electrons
If field emerges in inner disc and closes in outer disc, gives “nested helix” structure
B fields RM gradients
(5) Conclusion:
Excess of CW/CCW transverse FR gradients across AGN jets on smaller/larger scales, requires coupling between poloidal and azimuthal jet B fields; mechanism must also explain reversal from CW to CCW.
The Poynting—Robertson battery can provide this!
Currents must be involved — any other ideas??
Integration path passes through both regions of helical field
Direction of FR gradient depends on which region dominates FR integral
FR gradient for inner/ outer helical fields are always CW/CCW on sky
Reichstein & Gabuzda 2010
CW
(3) Parsec scales
Transverse FR gradients are observed across a number of AGN jets on parsec (VLBI) scales. Two examples (black star is centre of activity, arrow shows direction of gradient):
Contopoulos et al. (2009) found an excess of CW gradients. For FR gradients detected relatively close to VLBI core:
21 CW, 7 CCW
Prob of 21 or more being CW by chance: ~ 0.6%
(4) Kiloparsec scales
Examination of 85 published FR maps by Christodoulou et al. (2011) yielded firm transverse RM gradients in 7 sources, tentative gradients in 4 more. 9 of these 11 have CCW gradients! Two examples:
With 4 firm decaparsec-scale transverse FR gradients (right), have 13/15 CCW:
Prob of 13 or more of 15 being CCW by chance: ~ 0.4%
Predominance of CW/CCW gradients on pc/kpc scales!
CCW
CCW
CCW
Bonafede et al. 2010
Eilek & Owen 2002
Croke et al. 2010
When rotation is reversed, direction of “seed” poloidal B field is too — azimuthal B field remains unchanged
Mahmud 2010
Asada et al. 2002, PASJ, 54, L39; Bonafede et al. 2010, A&A, 513, 30; Christodoulou et al. 2011, ApJ, submitted; Contopoulos et al. 2009, ApJ, 702, L148; Croke et al. 2010, MNRAS, 402, 259; Eilek & Owen 2002, ApJ, 567, 202; Mahmud 2009, PhD Thesis, Physics, UCC; Meier et al. 2001, Science, 291, 84; Reichstein & Gabuzda 2011, in prep Mahmud 2010