Stretch and Stress
-
Upload
aidan-cooper -
Category
Documents
-
view
22 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Stretch and Stress
![Page 1: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Stretch and Stress
Session 2: Strategies to
improve English
Pronunciation
By Ruth Wickham, Training Fellow, IPGKDRI
![Page 2: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Speak clearly to be understood
Incorrect stress can cause misunderstanding just as much as incorrect sounds.
![Page 3: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Stress and Unstress
What does STRESS sound like?
Louder Longer Higher
![Page 4: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
er ar or ure/ə/
a e i o u
teacher collar doctor measure
zebra garden fossil lion circus
What does UNSTRESS sound like?
![Page 5: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Secret Weapon for Practising Stress!
OK let’s learn!
![Page 6: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Words with 2 syllables
![Page 7: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Stress on the 1st syllable:MOST 2-syllable nouns and adjectives
have stress on the first syllable.
BUTter SANDwich
![Page 8: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Stress on the LAST SyllableMOST 2-syllable verbs have stress on the LAST syllable.
diVIDE reCEIVE
![Page 9: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Word Stress that Changes
Some 2 syllable words change stressdepending on whether they are used as an adjective or a noun, or a verb.
![Page 10: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ADDRESS
COMBAT
COMPOUND
CONDUCT
CONTENT
DECREASE
DESERT
EXPORT
FREQUENT
INSULT
OBJECT
PERFECT PERMIT
PRESENT
PROTEST
TRANSPORT
These are called heteronyms
![Page 11: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Rules for Longer Words:Stress is attracted to certain syllables:
-ic
-sion
-xion
The stress falls on the syllable just before ...
-cion
-tion
![Page 12: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
calculation decision
reaction solution
distribution operation
relation association
So where is the stress?
![Page 13: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
calculation decision
reaction solution
distribution operation
relation association
So where is the stress?
![Page 14: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What is the pattern here?
economic terrificstrategic logicpathogenic domesticmetabolic statistic
![Page 15: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What is the pattern here?
economic terrificstrategic logicpathogenic domesticmetabolic statistic
![Page 16: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Where is the stress?
biology biologicalpolicy politicalgeography geographicaluniversity managerialphotography photographicalsociety sociologicaltechnology technologicalelectricity electrical
![Page 17: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Where is the stress?
biology biologicalpolicy politicalgeography geographicaluniversity managerialphotography photographicalsociety sociologicaltechnology technological
electricity electricalRule for the left column?
![Page 18: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
What do they have in common?
biology policygeography universityphotography societytechnology electricity
And where is the stress?
![Page 19: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
“3rd Last” Rule:
For words that end in consonant + y
-cy
-ty
-gy
-phy
-fy
Stress falls on the third last syllable.
* not -ly
![Page 20: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
More examples
quality
democracy
allergy
atrophy
clarify
equality
archaeology
choreography
![Page 21: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Another “3rd Last” Rule:In words that end in
-ise / -ize
-ate
stress falls on the3rd last syllable.
![Page 22: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Some –ise / ize examples:
accessorise acclimatise advertise globalise
agonise anesthetise anodise antagonise
apologise brutalise computerise idolise
dehumanise mobilise legalise magnetise
organise dramatise emphasise energise
epitomise fantasise fertilise finalise
![Page 23: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Some –ate examples
generate certificate passionate
graduate advocate separate
appropriate estimate associate
concentrate illustrate participate
immediate corporate chocolate
negotiate communicate accommodate
advocate anticipate delegate
Some of these are heteronyms
![Page 24: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
SecondaryStress
Long words have a second
stressed syllable, with
weaker stress.
![Page 25: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Secondary Stress Example
as-SOC-i-A-tion
Primary stress
Secondary stress
![Page 26: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Revision:• 2 syllable nouns/adjectives: stress penultimate
syllable (2nd last). (many exceptions)
• 2 syllable verbs: stress ultimate (last) syllable. (most)
• Stress before –ic• Stress before –tion (-sion, -cion, -xion)• Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (3rd last) for
words that end in:1. consonant plus y, (not –ly)2. -ise (/-ize), 3. -ate
![Page 27: Stretch and Stress](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56812dd4550346895d931eb9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
That wasn’t so hard now, was it?