Strengthening R4D Activities and Partnerships in Southern Africa

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Strengthening R4D Activities and Partnerships in

Southern Africa

David Chikoye

IITA-Zambia

32 Poplar Avenue

Lusaka

10 February 2011


Presentation outline

• R4D activities

• R4D-S

• Partnerships

• Looking ahead


13 countries in Southern Africa

• Angola

• Botswana

• Lesotho

• Madagascar

• Malawi (IITA station)

• Mauritius

• Mozambique (IITA station)

• Namibia

• Seychelles

• South Africa

• Swaziland

• Zambia (Regional hub)

• Zimbabwe


IITA R4D activities in southern Africa

• Over 1000 projects implemented in southern Africa

– 1984: Eastern & Southern Africa Root crops

Research Network-ESARRN

– 1994: Southern Africa Root crops Research

Network –SARRNET- in 12 countries

– Ecologically Sustainable Cowpea Protection

Project (PEDUNE) in the 1990s in Mozambique

– Biological control of cassava mealybug in the 80s

in Zambia

– Improving Rural Livelihoods In Southern Africa

in the late 1990s

– Sub-Saharan Challenge Program-Zimbabwe,

Malawi and Mozambique (2006)

– Tropical legume II (2007-10), etc


• R4D challenges– Discipline isolation (cassava breeding only)

– Scope management (No clear priorities,

opportunistic & at times activities did not fit

in the main agenda of IITA)

– No clear exit strategy / competition with

NARS

• R4D-Support challenges– Inadequate administrative support

– IITA Standard Operating Procedures were

ignored (followed donor guidelines)

• Partnership issues – Competition for recognition or resources

– Lack of formal agreements

– Use of research facilities

– Credit, rewards and ownership of

technologies


Terms of Reference (s)

• Director (<100%)– Provide research leadership

– set strategic directions for the research programs

– Resource mobilization and allocation

• Country Representative (10-0-20%)– Represent IITA to external organizations

– facilitate partnerships

– assist in formalization of agreements

– Promote IITA’s work and image within each country

• Scientist (10-5-0%)


Leadership & setting strategic direction of

research programs

IITA Program Frameworks :

• Horticulture and Tree Crops Systems

• Cereals and Legume Systems

– Situation analysis (present challenges/opportunities, significant achievements, lessons learned, critical gaps and future challenges/opportunities)

– Framework development workshop (IITA and key

partners)

– Input from the BOT

– Approval of frameworks (2008)


• Holistic approach along the Value chain

• Outputs:

• Enhance the productivity and sustainability of cereals &

legume systems

• Advocate policies and institutional arrangements to

enhance commercialization and value addition

• Disseminate information and knowledge to producers,

processors, and consumers and other stakeholders in

cereal and legume value chains

• Enhance the competitiveness and profitability of cereal

& legume systems

What changed?? Implementation approach &

outputs in cereal & legume systems


• Activities outside the main IITA agenda were weeded out

of the program

• Expanded into southern Africa (demand from partners and

donors, e.g. Partners in Zambia demanded for NRM

backstopping in maize systems from IITA)

• Critical mass (60% in West Africa; 40% Southern Africa)

Malawi (Cassava breeding, Soybean breeding,

Agricultural economist, Agronomist, Technology

dissemination)

Mozambique (Cassava breeding & postharvest

engineer, Legume agronomist & Food technologist)

Zambia (nutritionist, technology dissemination

specialist)

Additional support from West Africa (cowpea, maize,

ipm, GIS, etc)

What changed?? Priorities and geographic

focus in cereal & legume systems


Implementation of CLS program framework

• Transfer technologies from West Africa to

Southern Africa

– Legumes (cowpeas and soybean) to diversify

pre-dominantly maize–based systems in

southern Africa


• Food for people (proteins)

• Feed for livestock

• Rejuvenates poor soils

• Grows in harsh environments (dry

areas in southern Africa)

• Bigger picture

Food security/malnutrition

Intensify animal production

Income generation

Poverty alleviation

Why Cowpeas?


Cowpea production and

commercialization challenges

• Biotic stresses (insects, diseases, Striga, alectra)

• Abiotic stresses (drought, poor soil fertility, e.g. Phosphorus)

• Socio-economic constraints (poor access improved seeds, management

practices, organized commercial markets, processing industries & lack of

government support ; different consumer preferences, & low farm-gate

prices)

Maruca


Fungal Diseases

Anthracnose

Cercospora

Rust

Smut Pod rot

Source: Cowpea Pests and Disease




Parasitic weeds

Striga gesnerioidesAlectra




Achievements in cowpea research in West Africa

• Genotypes for sole cropping or intercropping (IT89KD-374, IT89KD-349, IT89KD-288, IT88D-363, IT90K-277-2, IT93K-371-1, IT93k-637-1)

• Genotypes with disease resistance– Bacterial diseases ( IT81D-994, IT82E-16, IT86D-716, IT86D-719,

IT89KD-374, IT90K-277-2, IT93K-573-1, IT93K-734, IT97K-556-4, IT97K-1069-6)

– Viruses (TVu 201, TVu 410, TVu 1190, IT82D-889, IT86D-880, IT85F-867-5, IT85F-2089-5, IT83S-818, IT90K-277-2, IT97K-556-4)

– Fungal diseases (IT97K-556-4, IT97K-819-118, IT90K-76, IT95K-1090-12, IT97K-1021-15, IT93K-438-2, IT93K-573-1, IT97K-556-4, IT95K-1090-12, IT95K-1091-3)


commercialization opportunities


• Insect resistance

– Aphids (IT89KD-288, IT89KD-374, IT89KD-391, IT90K-59,IT90K-76,

IT90K-82-2, IT90K-277-2, IT93K-573-1)

– Thrips (IT82D-716, IT83S-728-5, IT84S-2246-4, IT86D-719, IT87D-

941, IT88D-643-1)

– Bruchids (IT81D-994, IT84S-2246-4, IT89KD-288, IT90K-76, IT90K-

277-2, IT93K-233-25, IT93K-543-8, IT94K-2052-3)




• Resistance to parasitic weeds

– Striga (IT82D-849, IT90K-59, IT90K-76, IT90K-82-2, IT93K-513, IT93K-

596-12, IT93K-693-2, IT97K-499-35 )

– Alectra (B 301, IT81D-994, IT90K-59, IT90K-76, IT90K-82-2, IT97K-499-

35)

• Drought tolerance

– Drought (IT98K-452-1, IT98K-205-8, IT97K-819-154, IT00K-1263 )

• Dual purpose cowpea (IT81D-994, IT81D-985, IT86D-716, IT89KD-

245, IT89KD-288, IT93K-398-2, IT93K-637-1)




• Improved N-fixation and efficient use of phosphorus (IT86D-715, IT96D-772, IT96D-739 and IT6D-740)

• Consumer preferences and nutritional quality– Seed quality (color, texture, size)

– Vegetable type (IT81D-1228-14, IT86D-880, IT95F-2089-5, IT92D-266, IT94K-968-3 )

– maturity (extra-early, early, medium, late)

– plant type (erect, semi-erect, prostrate)




Areas in Zambia/Mozambique/Malawi with similar climate and soil conditions to

northern Nigeria. The darker the area the higher the probability of similarity.

Source: IITA-GIS Unit

Targeting cowpea production and

commercialization areas


- IT98K-128-3

- IT97K-390-2

-IT97K-1069-6

- IT98K-131-2

- IT-16 (check)

-IT00K-126-3

- IT-18 (check)

Promising Cowpea lines


Why soybean??

• Cash crop

• Protein source (soy-maize blends)

• Animal feed

• Livestock fodder

• Export market

• Rejuvenates soils (N & Striga control)

• Biofuel


Invest in soybean research??

• Soybean sub-sector study in Malawi, Mozambique, South

Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe (40% of the area and 47% of

the production in SSA)

• The soybean subsector is in the maturity phase in South Africa,

late growth phase in Zambia, early growth phase in Malawi,

and emergence phase in Mozambique & decline phase in

Zimbabwe

• Constraints: the lack of profitable improved genetic and crop

management technologies for smallholders; agricultural input

and output markets; policy and infrastructure


Invest in soybean research??

• Opportunities to improve soybean sub-sector:

large &growing domestic demand for poultry feeds, edible

oils and food products

Demand for improved locally adapted varieties, crop

management and processing technologies

emerging demand for soybeans as feedstock for bio-diesel

plants

soil fertility rotational benefits to maize

• Strategic R4D priorities: increasing competitiveness through

increasing yields or reducing unit cost of production and

improving profitability through expanding market access


Many varieties developed for a range of uses

• Nitrogen fixation ability

• High grain yield

• Pod shattering resistance

• Seed longevity

• Diseases resistance

• Resistance to lodging

• Tolerance to low Phosphorus

• Striga hermonthica reduction ability

• Dual-purpose soybeans

• Resistance to soybean rust (since 2003)

• Drought tolerance (since 2007)

IITA’s soybean research in West Africa


IITA Soybean Trial Sites in Malawi and Mozambique

Targeting soybean production and

commercialization areas


Targeting: extrapolation domains of Chitedze

Research Station (Malawi) in Zambia

Areas in Zambia with similar climate and soil conditions to that of Chitedze Research Station in

Malawi. The darker the area the higher the probability of similarity.

Source: IITA-GIS Unit


Promising lines (grain yield 2-3 t/ha)

• TGx 1740-2F

• TGx 1830-20E

• TGx 1485-1D

• TGx 1835-10E

• TGx 1904-6F

• TGx 1908-8F

• TGx 1937-1F

• Magoye or Nasoko (local check-2 t/ha)

IITA’s soybean research in southern Africa


Performance of rust resistant lines at Chitedze, Malawi, in 2009

Variety

Grain yield

(kg/ha) Days to mature

Rust score

(%)

TGx 1987-11F 4450 127 11.9

TGx 1987-64F 4118 140 11.9

TGx 1987-62F 3882 136 11.7

TGx 1987-8F 3613 137 9.9

TGx 1987-23F 3583 137 12.4

TGx 1987-18F 3450 136 10.0

TGx 1485-1D (Check) 1532 133 24.2

Magoye (Check) 1832 134 23.1

Nasoko (Check) 3502 111 32.6

Mean (22 lines) 2982 133 14.3

SE 183 0.8 0.9

LSD (0.05) 1412 5.9 6.6

Promising rust resistant lines in Southern Africa


• Soybean has a high nutritional value (protein and energy)

• However, it cannot be consumed like other common legumes available to farmers---it needs prior processing

• Main reasons of processing is to reduce antinutritional factors such as trypsininhibitors

Soybean utilization


Maize inbred lines, open pollinated varieties and hybrids of varying

maturity groups adapted to the lowland savanna

Resistance/tolerance to Striga hermonthica

Tolerance to drought

Nitrogen use efficiency

Resistance to stem borers

Resistance to aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination

High lysine and tryptpophan content

Enhanced pro-vitamin A, zinc and iron concentrations

Maize germplasm for southern Africa


Part of the exit strategy

Build local capacity through:

Students

Trainers/extension

Scientists

Farmers

Processors

Fabricators

Empowering partners


R4D support achievements in southern Africa

• Regional administrator, Country administrators,

accounting officers and others

• Standard operating procedures compliance

• Signed MoUs in Malawi, Mozambique and

Zambia & with Golden Valley Research Trust on

cowpea research in Zambia

• Southern Africa Regional Hub

– Legal documentation from Govt of Zambia

– Hub fully functional by March 2011


Partners in southern Africa

• Traditional partners: DARS/Malawi, IIAM/Mozambique,

ZARI/Zambia

• New partners

– Strong private sector participation in seed sector

(Pannar, Seedco, Zamseed, Pioneer, Pedigree

Seeds, etc)

– Large commercial farmers

– Mozambique (University of Eduardo Mondlane,

UNILURIO, Ministry of health, Dept of agricultural

extension, etc

– Malawi (Bunda College of Agriculture, Chancellor

college, SeedCo, farmer associations, etc)

– Zambia (University of Zambia, Zamseed, GART)

– South Africa (University of Pretoria, ARC,)

• CG centers (ICRISAT, CIAT/TSBF, ILRI, CIMMYT, CIP)


IITA visibility in southern Africa

• IITA/ZARI workshop

• Visits to relevant government ministries

• Open house and field days

• Engage the media in collaboration with the

communication office

• Participation in national workshops, conferences,

and symposia

• Participation in agriculture/commercial shows


Looking Ahead

• CG reform and CRPs

• IITA strategy, R4D model, program framework +

management structures

– Development, maturity and implementation phase

(over 5 years)

• CRPs relevant to IITA’s mission fit very well in our

existing strategy, R4D model and program frameworks

• CRPs are a platform to engage with new & more

partners

– Clarify roles of IITA vs partners (e.g. Contract

research, e.g. GART

– Strengthen linkages with private sector

– Avenue to develop a standard reward system for

partners

Coming soon...


Acknowledgements

• General directorate

• R4D directorate

• R4D-Support

• Country representatives in M&M

• B & F

• Scientists (Team-S)

• Support staff

• Partners

Strengthening R4D Activities and Partnerships in Southern Africa

Travel

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