Strengthening chemical and biological waste management … · There are no facilities with...

15 January 2016 of 21

2_TOR CA_WasteManagement_clean

Strengthening chemical and biological waste management in Central Asia countries for

improved security and safety risk mitigation

Contract IFS/2017/388-397

TERMS OF REFERENCE

1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1

1.1. Partner country 1

1.2. Contracting Authority 1

1.3. Country background 1

1.4. Current situation in the sector 10

1.5. Related programmes and other donor activities 10

2. OBJECTIVE, PURPOSE & EXPECTED RESULTS 12

2.1. Overall objective 12

2.2. Purpose 12

2.3. Results to be achieved by the Contractor 12

3. ASSUMPTIONS & RISKS 12

3.1. Assumptions underlying the project 12

3.2. Risks 12

4. SCOPE OF THE WORK 13

4.1. General 13

4.2. Specific work 13

4.3. Project management 18

5. LOGISTICS AND TIMING 18

5.1. Location 18

5.2. Start date & period of implementation 18

6. REQUIREMENTS 18

6.1. Staff 18

6.2. Office accommodation 20

6.3. Equipment 20

6.4. Incidental expenditure 20

6.5. Lump sums 20

6.6. Expenditure verification 20

7. REPORTS 21

7.1. Reporting requirements 21

7.2. Submission & approval of reports 21

8. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 21

8.1. Definition of indicators 21

8.2. Special requirements 21

1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1.1. Partner country

This project is implemented to benefit the partner countries of the region of Centra Asia (CA),

namely Afghanistan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

1.2. Contracting Authority

The Contracting Authority is the European Union, represented by the European Commission.

1.3. Country background

Regional Background

(http://www.zoinet.org/web/sites/default/files/publications/Waste-Chemicals-CA-EN.pdf)

Almost all of the Central Asian countries generate large amounts of hazardous waste, primarily

from mining and manufacturing. Current waste generation in combination with legacy waste

from mining and agriculture and soils contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

add up to a globally significant problem. The countries in the region have adopted some

initiatives, but with Soviet assistance no longer available and with limited resources of their

own, poorer countries are looking for donor support.

As parties to international conventions related to chemicals and waste, the countries of the

region are making these a political priority. Increasingly, municipal waste is an issue in the

Central Asian capitals and other major cities as they strive to maintain an image of cleanliness.

Most of the hazardous waste in the region is located in desert areas with low populations, but

some industrial towns also have their share. In the mountainous countries – where all the waste

is upstream from the lowland countries – even small amounts of waste carry significant risks.

Traditionally, the Central Asian countries and cities have opted for the simple solution to

municipal waste problems – dumping of waste in landfills located on convenience of

underground not too far from the sources. Many of these dumping grounds have long since

passed their useful life, but continue in service. They tend to be poorly organized, with



inadequate planning and engineering, no sorting, no inventories conducted and lacking in

modern measures to make them safer. The focus was on maintaining clean cities; The dumping

grounds were out of sight and out of mind. These primitive landfills also accepted transport,

construction and food processing waste. Over time residential areas grew closer to the landfills,

which now represent a health hazard in a number of cities.

The only waste compaction is carried out by bulldozers and intermediate covers are really

installed. As a result these landfills typically have small fires the burn constantly releasing toxic

substances. The inadequate compaction of the waste increases the washouts that cause erosion

and releases into the environment. The countries lack the infrastructure to manage waste

separation.

Businesses and individuals in Central Asia often do not recognise the potential hazards related

to solvents and paints, and dispose of them with other waste thus adding to the environmental

risks. Solvents are widely used – in dry cleaning, paint thinners, and in many other applications.

Some are associated with toxicity to the nervous and reproductive systems, liver and kidney

damage, respiratory problems and cancer, so their disposal demands particular care.

The amount of e-waste is growing very fast. The problem was initially mainly thought to be an

issue in developed countries, but in fact the volume of obsolete personal computers and mobile

phones generated in developing countries has already exceeded that of developed countries.

Central Asia is no exception to this trend: the number of mobile phone and personal computer

users in the region has skyrocketed in the last decade. The content of much e-waste can be a

risk to health and the environment: Considerable vigilance is required to guard against health or

environmental risks when lamps containing mercury and cadmium, modern types of battery and

other e-products are finally dismantled. Criteria are currently being developed for the labelling

of nanomaterials under the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of

Chemicals.

There are no facilities with established procedures in Central Asia for separating waste in

batteries, and no cultural awareness of the potential problems when e-waste is not managed

properly. In some instances lamps with mercury content are compacted, the mercury extracted

and the waste recycled, but no system exists for the return or disposal of used electronics such

as mobile devices and computers. In recent years Uzbekistan has increased its capacities for

disposing of lamps containing mercury. With an increased focus on green design globally, the

amount of electronic waste is expected to decline over time.

The continued use of PCB's in capacitors and transformers is a key issue in Central Asia. PCB-

containing equipment is currently being replaced.

In Central Asia the largest amount of industrial hazardous waste by volume or by geographic

spread is mining waste. A growing proportion of hazardous waste comes from the cyanide used

in gold processing. Incidents with such waste may result in cyanide and other chemicals being

released. Hazardous waste from industrial processes may contain arsenic, lead, chromium and

mercury.

Many pesticides are designed to be toxic to their target species. They can also be dangerous to

others species, including humans, if they are not used according to the manufacturers'

instructions. Pesticides were widely used in Central Asia in the Soviet years, especially on

cotton crops. Their legacy persists not only in soil and water, but in the hundreds of dumping

grounds and storage sites that still disfigure many communities. Some were built near airfields

used for agriculture and on state and collective farms.

The excessive pesticide applications used in the drive for greater agricultural production 30 to

50 years ago left many rural areas in Central Asia polluted. Numerous agricultural airfields

served as basis for the storage, mixing and distribution of agricultural chemicals, and as

repositories of obsolete chemicals. The mercury and other pollution resulting from the

industrial practices was not recognized as a problem, and producers and users made no efforts

to contain these substances. The persistent organic pollutants from agriculture and the heavy

metals from industry accumulated over time, and were released into the environment. Highly

restricted military activities also used hazardous chemicals without recognizing potential

dangers at that time, and the of the military became one of the problem sectors for pollution in

Central Asia.

Over the last 20 years some polluting activities – such as mercury and led smelting – have

continued. In addition, the region opened up to numerous new chemicals suppliers – China, the

West and Russia. As the region received different chemicals from various sources, the control

of chemicals became more difficult.

Monitoring declined, and other capacities diminished. The countries have, however, adopted

international conventions and the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management

principles. Initiatives by the countries of Central Asia include keeping inventories of persistent

organic pollutants and developing action plans on ozone depleting substances. The countries

are also establishing chemical commissions to coordinate oversight activities, are bringing more

attention to border control and customs to control the entry of chemicals and are adopting the

international system of chemical labelling.

The cost of remediating former mining, industrial and agricultural waste sites can be

prohibitive, and the number of sites is daunting. Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, being poorer than

their neighbours, tend to relay on donor funding, so assessing priority sites and solutions is very

important. Numerous donors are offering help, ranging from the International Atomic Energy

Agency, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization through the World Bank, United Nations

agencies and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe to governments and

universities. They have contributed to studies and better understanding of the environment and

health risks associated with the legacy of mining waste, abandoned industrial sites using

hazardous substances or generating radioactive waste and dumps of obsolete agricultural

chemicals, since information was for many years limited or missing entirely. Now many of

these legacy sites have been initially assessed, priorities are set and public awareness is being

improved. In some places warning signs, fences or protective coverings were reinstalled. The

next step is to identify funds and to design ways to prevent the further spread of pollution in the

long run or at least to contain and properly remediate it.



EU CBRN Centres of Excellence Risk mitigation Initiative (CoE) activities related to

Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Waste Management (CBRN WM).

The CoE regional projects related to the CBRN risk mitigation are currently funded under the

IcSP. There were two regional projects completed, related to the CBRN WM:

1. Project 006 – “Knowledge development and transfer of best practice on chemical and

biological waste management” was completed in 2015. The project has been

implemented by FORMIT for South-East Asian region. There is available “Handbook

on Chemical and Biological Waste Management” developed during the project. The

FORMIT implementer supported E-platform for provision of a technological support

to the knowledge sharing (http://www.cb-wastemanagement.org).

2. Project 035 – “Management of hazardous chemical and biological waste in the

African Atlantic Façade (AAF) region and Tunisia (North Africa and Sahel region)”.

The project is ongoing (started in 2014) and implemented by the FIAPP, focused on

developing knowledge in the field of chemical and biological waste management.

Country specific background

All beneficiary countries are affected to a different extent by burden with limited safety,

security and environmentally sound handling and disposal of hazardous C and B waste

materials and remediation of contaminated locations.

The partner countries in the CA region are very much aware of the problem with chemical and

biological waste management and practical measures with CB waste disposal. A number of

CoE partner countries have developed activities addressing this concern at national level or

with collaboration with international organisations.

The improvement is expected in CB WM with support of EU legislation, regulations, good

practices and technologies. Also horizontal cooperation among services at national as well as

international levels CB WM can be improved.

Afghanistan

Healthcare waste management in Afghanistan is a public health concern. Kabul Municipality

has stated its lack of experience with safe disposal and separation of waste.

Historically, this responsibility has been assigned to hospitals and MoPH (IRIN, 2008), yet

more than 60 public and private hospitals are without necessary equipment to treat wastes

(biological/chemical) properly. Although there were no bylaws, government hospitals have

been instructed by the MoPH Director of Health Services to burn medical wastes, which do not

meet available international guidelines recommendations for waste disposal of

hazardous materials. However, private hospitals do not comply with these instructions.

Supplies of incinerator fuel are difficult to secure, transport, and keep stocked. Some

government hospitals have dumped medical waste into regular trash bins or into the open

environment which causes many problems.

Our current assessment, suggests that medical workers are not well-trained or informed with

regard to waste disposal in chemical and biological wastes. There is little access to waste

segregation systems, and receive scant financing for waste management operations due to poor

infrastructure as well. Thus, medical waste often ends up in municipal waste or is burned

openly not only in Kabul but also at regional and provincial levels.

Our current assessment and findings about capacity for waste management at the CPHL &

CVDRL:

• Solid biological waste is autoclaved and placed in an appropriately labeled plastic bag that is

labeled with the biohazard symbol or the word “biohazard” then left at the front of the

laboratory to be collected by the local municipal trash collectors. This is only at the CPHL and

CVDRL labs. Most of others labs in private and public do not perform such regulations.

• Liquid biological waste is autoclaved and then placed into a hazardous waste bag at CPHL

and CVDRL. However, both labs do not keep accurate records of the quantity and type of

waste that is autoclaved.

• Sharps are disposed in sharps containers that are puncture-resistant and leak-proof. The

containers are appropriately labeled and closed but CVDRL does not have a system for

disposing of them.

There is less or no information about chemical, or expired pharmaceutical and lab

chemicals/products proper treatment, but a newly established directorate by the name of

NMHRA (National Medical and Health Products Regulation Authority) and trying

for Afghanistan's Health System Rehabilitation & new initiative programs.

Kyrgyz Republic

The situation concerning toxic waste in some of the regions of the Kyrgyz Republic is as

follows.

In the Jalal-Abad region, in Sumsar, 3 tailing ponds have been cleaned for a total volume of

2.65 million m3. The condition is unsatisfactory. Pollution by salts of heavy metals (lead, zinc,

cadmium, antimony). In the Batken region at the Khaidarkan mercury plant there are dumps of

heavy metals and at the Kadamjai antimony plant heavy metals are present in salt reservoirs.

Actions to reduce the risks from toxic waste for the public and the environment are undertaken

in the implementation of the GEF / UNEP project "Reducing global and local environmental

risk from mercury mining in Khaidarkan".

Another issue are the obsolete pesticides in Kyrgyzstan. The TOTAL of obsolete pesticides in

Kyrgyzstan reaches approximately 5447.8 tons located in 42 warehouses and in 3 repositories.



In 42 storage facilities on the territory of Kyrgyzstan there are 574.5 tons of obsolete

pesticides:

• Issyk-Kul region :

259.8 tons of obsolete pesticides in storage facilities.

• Naryn oblast:

2 storage facilities with 30.7 tons of obsolete pesticides

• Chui area:

17 storage facilities with 119.7 tons of obsolete pesticides. All storage facilities

are privately owned as a result of privatization.

• Talas region:

2 storage facilities with 19.2 tons of obsolete pesticides.

• Jalal-Abad region:

10 storage facilities with 50.2 tons of obsolete pesticides. Of these, 28,650 tons on

the territory of “Jalal-Abad Agricultural Chemistry” enterprise.

• Osh region:

There is a central storage facility in the city of Kara-Suu where obsolete

pesticides were brought in 2008 from the storage facility of the Osh region. 89.4

tons in total.

• Batken region:

2 storage facilities with 5.5 tons.

Burial sites of Kyrgyzstan contain a total of 4873,3 tons of pesticides.

• Naryn region

Kochkorq (archived data) 850 tons

• Jalal-Abad Oblast

- Suzak A "Ak-Chabyr" (World Bank research project from archived data) 3000

tons

- Suzak B "Tash-Baka" (archived data) 1023.3 tons

Actions to reduce the risks of obsolete pesticides on the population and the environment are

being undertaken:

- Inventories of storage facilities of obsolete pesticides have been carried out under various

international projects.

- The central storage facility of obsolete pesticides (90 tons) in the Osh region was equipped.

- Obsolete pesticides in the Osh region storage facilities were repacked and transported to the

central storage facility of the region in the city of Kara-Suu.

- Burial grounds of obsolete pesticides Suzak A and Suzak B are fenced and protected;

- It is planned to build a central storage facilities for the storage of all obsolete pesticides from

Kyrgyzstan's other storage facilities;

- Various possibilities for the destruction of obsolete pesticides are being explored.

- Old pesticides are repacked and stockpiled in metal containers in storage facilities in At-Bashi

and Balykchy.

- The National Plan for the Implementation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic

Pollutants was developed and is under agreement.

The national economy is mainly agriculture (cereals, potato, tobacco, cotton, wool, etc) and also the production of non-ferrous/rare metals. Kyrgyzstan is a major world producer of mercury and uranium.( United States Geological Survey 2012 Minerals Yearbook Kyrgyzstan) Gold was the primary mineral (in terms of value) mined in the country. Other minerals being mined included antimony, clay, coal, fluorspar, gypsum, limestone, natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel, silica, and silver. Kyrgyzstan has deposits of other minerals that were not being mined. They include arsenic, bauxite, copper, iron ore, lead, rare-earth metals, sulphur, tin, tungsten, and zinc. The main export commodities included cotton, electricity, garments, gold, machinery, meat, mercury, shoes, tobacco, uranium, and wool.

The minerals which may cause environmental problems are mostly mercury, gold (because of the use of cyanide for processing see also the assessment for Uzbekistan), and uranium (see also the assessment related to Uzebekistan). Due to its large health risk, international negotiations are ongoing to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury compounds (Minamata Convention on Mercury).

The Kyrgyz Republic is a mountainous country where the risks associated with natural

disasters (landslides, earthquakes, floods, etc.) are high.

Uranium mining operations in the Mailuu-Suu River valley have created significant manmade

hazards, including abandoned radioactive tailings sites and waste rock dumps in an area

where natural hazards are also high (according to the project information document of the

project “natural disaster mitigation” which was applied for the World Bank, responsible the

Kyrgyzs ministry Ministry of Ecology and Emergency).

Mailuu-Suu and Sumsar-Shekaftar are regions heavily contaminated with abandoned Uranium

tailings. The town of Mailuu-Suu, Kyrgyzstan, was the site of intensive Soviet uranium mining

and processing between 1946 and 1968. What remains today are two million cubic meters of

radioactive mining waste piled in open valleys along the Mailuu-Suu River leaving behind 23

radioactive tailings and 13 waste rock dumps. The total waste dump volume is 0.8 million m3.

The tailings were constructed conveniently near the mill plants and are mostly within the flood

plain of the Mailuu-Suu River, which is a tributary of the Syr Darya.

The settlements and towns next to this location take its drinking water also from the river, and

levels of heavy metals and radio nuclides in the water present a health risk to the community.

In 2008, Blacksmith Institute, with the support of Green Cross Switzerland, initiated a project

to install water filters in local schools and hospitals. In 2012, Blacksmith and Green Cross



reinvested in the community by replacing filter cartridges, installing additional filters in

kindergartens, conducting a health monitoring program, and implementing a community

education program to raise awareness and teach methods to mitigate risks. Aidarken is heavily

contaminated with mercury. These hot spots are situated in the vicinity of settlements near the

border to Uzbekistan.

There was a planned project (project manager Igor Hadjamberdiev) which should last from

2011-2012 with the aim to improve environmental conditions for health salvation of the 3 most

polluted places in Tien-Shan area including the above mentioned hot spots which are located

near settlements near the border of Uzbekistan. The results and the outcome of this (potential)

project would be very important to identify the way ahead and further required projects.

Apart from the above mentioned World Bank project, there has been at least one additional

project proposal related to a contaminated area of Tien-Shan and the associated health

problems and alleviation. One area of arsenic contamination is the 38,000 km² area of the

Dzungur Basin, north of the Tien Shan Mountains. Another is south of the Tien Shan area.

Kyrgyzstan reports 3,000 metric tonnes of obsolete pesticides. An inventory project Technical

Investigations of Obsolete Pesticides in the Kyrgyz Republic was funded in 2009 by the World

Bank and comprised among others inventories and risk assessments (FAO method). The study

revealed that ten of 25 sites are high-priority sites with a total of 250 metric tonnes. The

assessment also shows that an estimated 1,000 metric tonnes is exposed at the burial site Suzak

A, and another 2,000 metric tonnes are still buried in trenches (October 2009).

Repackaging and storage have been completed in one (out of the seven) region. 100 metric

tonnes of obsolete pesticides are located in a temporary collection centre in Osh. Kyrgyzstan is

part of the Management of Prohibited and Obsolete Pesticides in Central Asia FAO/IPM

project (2011) funded by Turkey and participates in the GEF/UNEP DDT project (2011-2015).

The burial of obsolete pesticides in Kyrgyzstan has also led to leakage and exposure of

pesticides to the atmosphere. Some measures are known to have been taken in the past to

maintain banned pesticides in underground facilities which consisted of trenches and ferro-

concrete bunkers. In 1973 and 1980, 764 t and 255 t, respectively, of DDT, aldrin, and HCH

were stored in such facilities in the Kurg-Ukok and Tash-baka Kungey Regions of Kyrgyzstan.

In other areas of Kyrgyzstan, there is about 227 t of prohibited and deteriorated pesticides.

There may have been large volumes of banned chemicals with expired validity been imported

into the region as well.

Kyrgyzstan has ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). As to the BWC (Biological

Weapons Convention (BWC) Kyrgyzstan has accessed, but not ratified on October 15th 2004.

Mongolia

Sustainable Development Concept of Mongolia 2030, which was approved under the State

Great Hural Resolution #19 on Feb 5, 2016, sets a goal to make Mongolia a leading middle-

income country by per capita income with stable multi-sector economy and average and

wealthy middle-class in society, preserved ecological balance, and with sustainable

democracy by 2030. It also sets the objectives to become one of the leading 30 countries by

green development indicators and maintenance of stable ecological balance. In order to achieve

this, waste recycle will reach 30 percent as of 2025 and 40 percent as of 2030 to preserve

ecological balance.

The Action Plan 2016-2020 of Mongolian Government, adopted under the State Great Hural

Resolution dated Sept 9, 2016, specifies “to implement the green development policy directed

to maintain the natural pristinely and ecosystem balance in order to remain and transfer to the

next generations, enable the natural resources conservation, prevention from depletion,

effective use and natural regeneration, make the natural resources the basis of environmentally

friendly economic growth and stable social development, transfer efficient and advanced

technologies which are harmless to human health and the environment in order to save and

conserve the natural resources, and recycle and reuse wastes, as well as realize effective waste

management to reduce air, water and soil pollution in urban areas”.

Mongolia first ratified the waste law in 2000 until which the waste related activities were

regulated by the Law on Import, Ban of Transborder Delivery and Export of Hazardous Waste

(2000), Law on Domestic and Industrial Wastes (2003) and Law on Ban of Some Plastic Bags

Consumption (2009). Such three laws were integrated in 2012 within the framework of the

environmental laws reform and the current Waste Law was ratified. This new law emphasizes

the introduction of 3Rs principle to improve waste management and forms the first regulation

over the waste sorting, which is the key to implement the principle, on the site where it is

generated. On May 12, 2017 the Parliament of Mongolian approved amendment of Law on

Waste which reflects the regulations over the municipal and hazardous wastes except

radioactive waste.

Tajikistan

The solution to the waste management issues, like other issues of environmental protection, is a

priority for the country's development and is reflected in various legislative and regulatory acts,

strategic and policy documents on social and economic development.

At the same time, the lack of a unified waste management policy does not allow to create an

effective system to develop interagency cooperation, involve the private sector and public

organizations.

The development of regulatory, legal and institutional frameworks that affect the adoption of

measures to reduce the production, collection, disposal and use of waste, and planned public

expenditures, improve sectoral and cross-sectoral targets, stimulate low- and no-waste

production, establish governmental and institutional accounting and monitoring of waste is of

great importance.

The economic stimulation of waste management, in particular the reduction of their production,

the involvement in the economic turnover and the development of private entrepreneurial

activity in this area, is also one of the priority tasks that the country is facing.



The Government of the country from 2010 to 2015, has also adopted a number of sublegislative

documents (regulations, procedures, etc.) on the collection, use, disinfection, transportation,

storage and disposal of industrial and domestic waste, identification and accounting of orphan

waste, provision of services for removal of domestic waste, collection of used mercury-

containing lamps, their storage, transportation and disposal.

A significant step in regulating the sphere of waste management was the adoption of the Law

"On Production and Use of Waste". However, this Law does not fully ensure the regulation of

waste management, as it sets general requirements and is a framework law. It does not foresee

the obligation of management of state statistical accounting and reporting of production and

consumption of waste, there are practically no procedural norms. The issues of the economic

mechanism for handling production and consumption of waste have not been further

consolidated in the Tax Code with effective incentive measures in the form of tax, credit, price

benefits, etc. In the current legislation there are also no special requirements regulating the

management of medical and electronic wastes, which have a significant level of toxicity and

whose share is rapidly growing in the total amount of waste. Legislation on production and use

of waste also requires improvement in terms of control. The Law foresees state, industrial and

public control, but there is no requirement for control at the local level.

The main gaps in institutional development, including coordination and interagency

cooperation in waste management, include the following:

� Low level of implementation of decisions;

� The regulatory acts do not define and do not differentiate precisely the

authorities and measures of responsibility of governmental bodies for the development

and implementation of a policy in the field of waste management;

� The end of the activities of the interagency body: the coordinating

commission for environmental statistics;

� Mechanisms for coordinating activities between specially authorized

governmental bodies, territorial bodies of executive authorities and local self-

governments whose competences include waste management activities have not been

developed;

� The potential of public-private partnerships to develop projects for setting up

processing enterprises with mechanisms for concessional funding is not used.

� The existing potential (methodology, material, technical, personnel) of

governmental bodies for training and education on waste management is not used.

� The system of state and departmental statistical reporting on the education,

removal and further movement of production and use of waste has not been created.

� There is no integrated database on industrial and household waste.

At the same time, the analysis of the implementation of state strategies and programs, including

sectoral concepts, showed a low level of implementation of the measures envisaged, as well as

a not enough developed monitoring system for their implementation.

In general, this is due to the following reasons:

- weak institutional, financial and human resources for the implementation of planned

activities;

- Ineffective mechanisms for coordination and cooperation, including integration of

waste management issues in sectoral strategic and program documents;

- Vaguely defined functional authority and responsibility of ministries and

departments for waste management;

- Lack of effective regulatory and economic incentives for the involvement of waste

in economic circulation;

- Inconsistency of the sectoral legislation with environmental protection and lack of

effective production control systems for handling production and use of waste;

- Insufficient funding and low level of skills of the staff;

Measures taken in the sphere of waste management, will be integrated into all existing state,

sectoral and regional concepts, strategies, programs and plans for the country's development, as

well as the activities of the Government at all levels.

Industrial and household waste are mostly not recyclable and are located in landfills of solid

domestic waste, tailing dumps, sludge accumulators, dumps and often in places of unorganized

storage. There is a tendency to increase the volume of domestic waste with minimal

involvement in reuse. The increase in the amount of waste per capita is also due to inefficient

use of raw materials and final products. The increase and accumulation of waste each year leads

to the alienation of additional land areas and growth of the negative impact of waste on the

environment and human health.

In Tajikistan, there is no system of organized sorting of domestic solid waste (DSW), no waste

processing nor incineration plants. Reuse and recycling of waste is also not carried out. Burial

of DSW by simple placement "in bulk", is today the main way of handling DSW.

According to official statistics, there are about 72 garbage dumps / landfills of DSW in the

country, of which 5 are managed, the remaining 63 are natural. Decisions of local authorities to

allocate land for DSW landfills are available only for 38 dumps / landfills. For 34 dumps, lands

are allocated, but official documents for the land allocation are not registered. The total land

area for landfills is about 300 hectares. More than half of the landfills for DSW disposal have

limited exploitation life and do not meet sanitary and environmental requirements. The special

equipment of the State Unitary Enterprise of the Housing and Communal Services is extremely

weak, with more than 60% requiring to be upgraded. The processes of collecting, removal,

processing and recycling DSW, also do not meet modern requirements. There are also

disadvantages among the population in the provision of DSW temporary collection places and

interterritorial polygons.

According to the information of the State Unitary Enterprise of Housing and Communal

Services (SUE of Housing and Communal Services), 85.6% of the population of cities, 67.3%

of villages and 3.6% of rural areas have access to the services of centralized collection and

removal of DSW.

An acute problem for rural and, in particular, mountainous areas of the country is the lack of

services for the collection and disposal of waste. The number of people involved in these

services is also low due to a lack of funding. Only a small part of the rural settlements located

in close proximity to the regional centers are covered by organized waste management services.

The norms for the accumulation of solid household waste DSW per person annually according

to the State Unitary Enterprise of Housing and Communal Services, on average in the country



varies in a wide range from 0.9 m3 to 2.0 m3, which is also based on unreliable registration and

reporting data. It must be noted, that practically all DSW landfills (except for Dushanbe) lack

scales in the waste reception area, i.e. weight is established by calculation, applying specific

index of 250 to 300 kg / m3, while for the EU this index is 100-150 kg / m3.

Since the current statistics do not reflect the morphology of DSW and methods of its

management, there is no information on specific wastes such as spent fuel and lubricants,

overaged cars, worn out tires, used accumulators and batteries, waste from electrical and

electronic equipment, old paper stocks, polymeric materials, waste glass, spent mercury-

containing lamps and thermometers, and their utilization at the system level is not organized.

Some types of waste, such as plastic containers for drinks, color and black scrap metal, some

kinds of glass containers, are collected by the population from garbage containers and landfills

and are handed over to containers’ receiving points. Such specialized receiving points are

established by private and small private enterprises. Usually they process waste by primitive

methods, not following neither ecological nor sanitary norms. The State also practically does

not regulate this area at the proper level.

By the initiative of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, in 2009, instead of

incandescent lamps, a decision was taken to use energy-saving products more widely.

According to the data of the Committee on Environmental Protection and SUE "Housing and

Communal Services" (HCS), in all cities and regions of the country 1757 points of reception of

mercury-containing lamps were established. Over the period 2011-2016, 3074238 units of

lamps that became unusable were collected from the population and organizations and stored at

such points. At the same time, at the level of the country's regions, the issue of their

demercurization has not been resolved. Also, due to the lack of specially equipped places for

demerculization of lamps, the local authorities have determined the places for their temporary

storage, which leads to the formation of new areas of pollution, with an increased risk of

mercury vapor exposure to the environment and human health.

Accounting of actual amounts of DSW in cities and regional centers is carried out by the

enterprises of SUE " HCS " and local authorities on the basis of route sheets of special

transport, where the requisites and data on the volumes of collection and export of DSW are

given. The DSW are collected from three main sources: the population; enterprises and

institutions; from the provision of works and sanitary cleaning of urban amenities on the

territories of cities and regional centers (see Table 1).

The problem of medical waste is extremely acute not only in our republic, but in all countries of

the world. Ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the country is an area of

inter-sectoral regulation and one of the most important aspects of national security in the field

of public health. There are more than 2500 medical institutions in the republic and every year a

huge amount of medical waste of different fractional and hazard classes are generated. All

health care facilities, regardless of their profile and capacity, as a result of their activities,

generate waste that differs in fractional composition and degree of danger, therefore, in each of

these facilities a system of collection, temporary storage, processing and transportation of waste

must be organized. The health care facilities do not have an organized system for collection,

storage and disposal of waste that meet the requirements of existing sanitary regulations. In

particular, disposable syringes and blood transfusion systems are collected, and, in the best

case, are burned in special ovens (incinerators). There is no sorting and temporary storage and

transportation of waste according to their hazard classes. The lack of economically effective

regulatory, legal, institutional and organizational basis for handling medical waste further

exacerbates the situation. There is no single adjusted policy and clear inter-agency coordination

between the executive authorities that carry out activities in the field of waste management.

Currently, in the Republic, there are Sanitary Regulations - “the Rules for the Collection,

Storage and Disposal of Waste from Treatment and Prevention Facilities” (SanPiN 2.1.7.020-

09), approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Republic of Tajikistan, are in force.

However, not all requirements for the organization of the medical waste management system

are being implemented in practice, in particular, regulatory documents for handling medical

waste of different hazard classes, places and methods for their decontamination / disposal,

planned and actual volumes of waste generation and their further movement. There are no

statistical data for the country on the production and movement of medical waste from various

types of medical institutions, including from pharmacies and private medical offices, medicines

not allowed for use or with expired durations, as well as drugs confiscated by customs and

falsified medicines. Due to the lack of special furnaces for incineration of medical waste in an

overwhelming number of medical institutions, these waste are gathered together with household

waste, and transported to household waste dumps. Quite often medical waste are burnt in

furnaces located on the territory of institutions and mostly not in accordance with technical

requirements, as well as in industrial furnaces.

Economic instruments in the field of waste management in Tajikistan are based on a system of

payments for pollution of the environment, which is the main economic compensation

mechanism in recovering costs from the negative impact of waste disposal n the environment.

The payment for waste disposal in the natural environment is levied on enterprises, institutions

and other organizations, regardless of their ownership. The amount of the fee for the placement

of waste within the established limits is charged at the approved rates, and for going over the

limit of the waste disposal - at a multiple rate. The reimbursement of expenses for sanitary

cleaning of territories is set by the tariff system for services for collection and export of DSW,

carried out by SUE "HCS". The system of economic measures of impacts is defined in the

Code of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Administrative Offenses," which provides penalties for

legal entities and individuals for violations of the requirements for waste management,

production and utilization. At the same time, despite these economic instruments, positive

changes in the reduction of the volume of production and utilization, reuse and prevention of

unauthorized waste disposal do not occur. Current economic instruments (payments and

penalties) mainly solve the problem of replenishing budgets and specialized funds at different

levels, but they do not stimulate waste reduction and do not provide compensation for their

harmful impact on the environment.

One of the reasons for weak incentives to prevent environmental pollution from waste is low

rates of payments - several times lower than the cost from implementing measures to reduce

waste generation. In addition, the efficiency of payments is affected by high inflation and the

inability of many enterprises to pay accrued payments.

The existing communal tariffs for the collection, removal and disposal of waste are mainly

focused on reimbursement of operating expenses of enterprises, but do not take into account the

issues of improving the systems for collection, utilization and decontamination of waste,



investments in the construction of new facilities and infrastructure for separate collection and

involving secondary raw materials into economic flow.

The area of waste management is not perfect, and it needs further improvement. It is firstly due

to the following reasons:

- The national legislation does not provide specific measures to economically

stimulate the treatment of specific types of production and use of waste, as well as

incentives in the form of tax, credit, prices aimed at separating collection and

processing of waste, which requires amendments and additions to both tax and

banking legislation;

- The legislation does not introduce the concept of "secondary material resources" and

does not foresee the responsibility of producers of goods for the subsequent disposal

of their products;

- there are no effective economic methods for stimulating low-waste technologies and

involving waste as recyclate;

- an outdated payment system for waste disposal, with a low level of financial

allocations for environmental activities;

- penalties are also determined without taking into account the task of stimulating

waste reduction and the disadvantage of committing offenses;

- existing utility tariffs for the provision of services for the collection and disposal of

domestic waste do not take into account the introduction of new technologies and

infrastructure development;

- there are no incentives and taxes for packaging, production of non-recyclable

products, environmentally non-standard technologies, electronic and other waste;

- In the system of economic instruments, the principle of "extended producer

responsibility" of goods subject to utilization after loss of consumer properties,

including packaging, is not implemented, as well as the introduction of a pledge value

for certain types of goods / products.

Tajikistan’s resources include a wide range of metals and industrial minerals as well as mineral fuels. Metal resources include alunite, antimony, bauxite, bismuth, cadmium, copper, gold, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nepheline, syenite, nickel, selenium, silver, strontium, tin, tungsten, and zinc (United States Geological Survey 2012 Minerals Yearbook Tajikistan). Nonmetallic resources include barite, boron, dolomite, fluorspar, phosphates, precious and semiprecious stones, and salt. Resources of mineral fuels include coal, natural gas, oil shale, peat, petroleum, and uranium.

In Tajikistan, economic recession had previously resulted in the scarcity of seeds for the growing of crops thus leading to the import of seeds from abroad. However, as significant amounts of seeds were not adaptable to the local environment, they became vulnerable to diseases and agricultural pests. Consequently, more pesticides than usual have been applied to protect the crops. Pesticide load in some areas of Tajikistan ranged from 120 – 2,680 kg/km2 and even reached 4,800 kg/km2 for cotton fields (Ministry for Nature Protection Republic of Tajikistan, 2000). In addition, before independence from the Soviet Union, Tajikistan concentrated on cotton production to support its textile industry. DDT and various pesticides were heavily used to protect the crops.

The past practice developed in 1970- 1990s - applying a large quantity of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for the cultivation of agricultural crops, has had a big negative impact on the soil condition and has lead to a deterioration of general environment.

The NIP (National Implementation Plan on Realization of Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Republic of Tajikistan) supported by the GEF (financial mechanism of the Stockholm Convention)/UNEP has stated privately owned burials sites and stores without state control to be priorities. Tajikistan reports 9,720 metric tonnes of obsolete pesticides plus about 256,500 m3 of soil contaminated by pesticides, including POPs.

In Kanibadamski burial place were accepted, forbidden and obsolete pesticides from enterprises and households of Sugd region (Tajikistan) and bordering regions of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Pesticides were buried and sometimes burned here. During 1973 and 1991, about 3,000 tons of pesticides and 1,000 tons of biopreparations were buried in Kanibadamski burial place. The majority of buried pesticides relates to persistent organic pollutants.

Nowadays, the condition of this burial place is extremely bad, and it is the great problem. Lack of fencing and guarding in pesticides burial places made them accessible for local population and domestic animals.

Quoting the website “obsolotepesticiedes.net”

Tajikistan participates in the Turkish-funded FAO/IPM project (2011). Within this project, nationwide inventories of obsolete pesticides will be conducted in spring 2012. The GEF/UNEP DDT project is also running, in which a minimum of 60 tonnes of (mainly) DDT will be safeguarded, as well as the World Bank project Technical assistance together with Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, 2009 – 2011. All inventory work uses FAO forms. A pilot project on obsolete pesticides disposal and remediation of sites (World Bank) was conducted in 2009-10 that included inventories in the region of Khatlon, where training and inventory has been implemented with FAO system.

In the interim report about obsolete pesticides in the Republic of Tajikistan (World Bank) 17 sites have been visited (16 of them privately owned). At five sites families are living close to the toxic waste which means that women and children are exposed. The main findings of a first assessment were: The highest amount of pesticides was found at the site Oykamar and Kurgan-Tube. The highest risk score were given to the site Oykamar and Kurgan-Tube. The overall conclusion was that at hotspots in the topsoil and in the immediate surroundings of the stores unacceptable risks for direct contact with contaminated topsoil cannot be excluded. The pesticides from some of these sites have been dispersed in the surrounding environment, causing diffuse soil contamination and probably groundwater contamination. A large part of the pesticides were not identified. Most containers were badly damaged or without labels. Presumably the stores contained POPs pesticides (DDT was observed at several sites).

Additionally Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in mountain soils have been found in Tajikistan.

Several projects have been performed or are still going on related to pesticides in Tajikistan:

• “Elimination and mitigation of effects of pesticides with POPs properties”:Goal is to

reduce risks of harmful impact of pesticides with POPs properties to environment and

public health by elimination of stocks and reduce of farmers reliance from pesticides

with POPs properties, and warehouses management.



• “Complete elimination of obsolete pesticides and rehabilitation of burial places”: Goals:

assurance of reduction of risks, connected with pesticides wastes with POPs

properties, which have negative effects on environment and human health in priority

areas (Khatlon region, Southern Tajikistan). Decreasing of farmers’ dependence on

pesticides with POPs properties.

• “Demonstration and Scaling Up Sustainable Alternatives to DDT for the control of

vector borne diseases in Southern Caucasus and Central Asia” (Counties: Azerbaijan,

Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan): Goals: stopping of use DDT for combat

of infectious diseases, and introduction of appropriate practice in sphere of infectious

diseases control by means of capacity strengthening and introduction of

environmentally safe alternatives.

• “Establishment of system for safe management of stocks and wastes containing PCB

in Tajikistan”: Goals: Capacity building and trainings on management of stocks and

wastes containing PCB; Harmonization of legislation and development of new

legislative acts on management of stocks and wastes containing PCB; Inventory of

stocks and wastes containing PCB; Organization of temporary storage of stocks and

wastes containing PCB; Replacement of electro technical equipment containing PCB

with alternative; Environmentally appropriate elimination of equipment containing PCB.

• “Environmentally appropriate options for clean-up of contaminated areas in certain

Central Asian countries (Northern Tajikistan and Southern Kyrgyzstan”: Goals:

Elimination of risks for public health and environment associated with pesticides;

Capacity building for identification and prioritization of POPs contaminated areas;

Treatability study for POPs contaminated areas; Demonstration of advantages of

implementation of the best practicable environmental option for contaminated areas

clean-up; Rising of public awareness on POPs issues

Tajikistan has ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). As to the BWC (Biological

Weapons Convention (BWC) Tajikistan has accessed, but not ratified on June 27th 2005.

Uzbekistan

The description of the current situation in Uzbekistan could be more accurate if the parties

could agree on a definition of chemical and biological waste, which will enable us to determine

the exact directions to obtain positive results of the implementation the project.

In the Republic of Uzbekistan, work has begun on developing measures to fight threats related

to chemical, biological, radioactive and nuclear materials, with a view to consolidating efforts

to combat such threats and challenges at the national level.

There are certain risks associated with the CBRN in the country. Currently, there are a

significant number of facilities in the country that can present a chemical hazard.

Uzbekistan is endemic for certain types of especially dangerous pathogens, in connection with

this, it is necessary to pay special attention to the problems of ensuring biological safety.

Today, the problems of the use of chemical and biological materials are of major importance in

the international agenda. In addition, in the past agricultural system of the country, a large

number of various pesticides were randomly used. Consequently, reserves of unsuitable,

overdue and prohibited pesticides were formed, the disposal of which is not yet fully resolved.

At the same time, there are residues of persistent chlorine-containing organic compounds.

To solve existing problems in the country, there is a need to establish a research resources

center, whose task will be to support research programs in the field of chemical, biological,

radioactive and nuclear materials safety. Incidents with chemical, biological, radioactive and

nuclear materials pose a serious threat to the environment, health and life of people. They

threaten the economic and social stability of the country and can cause panic and spread fear

among the population.

The strategy to reduce the threats associated with chemical, biological, radioactive and nuclear

materials implies a comprehensive consideration of risk factors. To avoid negative

consequences, it is necessary to provide appropriate security measures.

In Uzbekistan, the problem of environmental pollution with persistent organic pollutants

(POPs) is still quite acute. Outdated pesticides from the Soviet period, forbidden for use, are

stored in 13 pits located on the territory of the country. "Pesticides such as aldrin, hexachlor-

cyclohexane (HCCH), dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and others have been found in

the soil of these burial grounds. The burial grounds built 40 years ago now represent a real

threat, as they are damaged by the effects of atmospheric precipitation over the years, filling up

with water in spring and freezing in winter.

Uzbekistan is an agrarian-industrial republic, with an area of cultivated crops of more than 4.0

million hectares, including about 1.5 million ha annually occupied by a leading crop - cotton.

Irrigated lands are used intensively, and it is a wide practice to receive, within a year, two crops

of grain and vegetables, 5-8 cuttings of alfalfa cultivated jointly. The development of

agriculture, and especially of cotton growing, in Uzbekistan is closely related to the widespread

use of pesticides to combat agricultural pests, plant diseases and weeds. This is due to the fact

that the agroclimatic conditions of the republic are very favorable for the rapid reproduction

and development of many agricultural pests. Along with this, there is a high degree of affection

of plants with various diseases. Crops also suffer from weed, especially in irrigated areas,

where their seeds are massively brought on fields with the irrigation water. It is established that

the potential yield losses at low effectiveness of protective measures carried out are about 30%.

Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic belonged to the regions where various

chemicals were intensively used for farming, including pesticides. The unjustified large-scale

use of pesticides belonging to POPs, especially DDT, resulted in pollution of the environment

and disruption of the dynamic balance of the biosphere. The use of pesticides the was most

intense between 1940 and 1960. At that time, 78 aerodromes of agricultural aviation were in the

Khorezm region and the autonomous republic of Karakalpakstan, By the early 1970s, DDT was

banned for use as main agricultural insecticide in the Soviet Union and the United States, and in

the following years its use was illegal in European countries. However, despite this, pesticides



continued to be used in parts of the Soviet Union, for example, in Central Asia. DDT remains

in the soil for many years without decomposing. Taking into account the quantities used in

Soviet Uzbekistan, it can be concluded that pesticides continue to poison arable land even now.

Prevention of the use of banned, obsolete, unsuitable pesticides and their packaging is a serious

problem in ensuring environmental safety. Remnants of pesticides are a source of

environmental pollution and can cause significant damage to human health. Pesticides related to

POPs, located in warehouses, agricultural land sites and landfills-burial grounds used for burial

and destruction are of particular danger. However, for many years there was practically no

reliable information on the condition of these facilities and the presence of pesticides.

According to the United States Geological Survey (United States Geological Survey 2012 Minerals Yearbook Uzbekistan), Uzbekistan has substantial natural resources, which

include more than 1,800 known mineral deposits. The two minerals produced in the country in

significant amounts were gold and uranium. In addition, Uzbekistan was one of the leading

world producers of kaolin, molybdenum, nitrogen, rhenium, oil and natural gas, and sulphur.

Other valuable minerals produced included copper, gypsum, silver, tungsten, and zinc. The

processing of some of these materials is challenging in order to avoid or mitigate

environmental damage or unintended releases and is described in detail in the following

chapters. Shale oil and gas are also processed in Uzbekistan which may cause an impact on

the ground water caused by the substances added with the hydraulic fracturing.

In 2012, a total of about 2,700 t uranium was produced in Uzbekistan. Waste streams from the

uranium production process may also cause an impact on the environment, mainly because of

the toxicity of uranium and other chemical substances released as a result of the treatment of

the minerals, apart from a certain amount of radiation related to radon released into the

environment and to uranium itself.

The refinement of gold is especially challenging as in most cases cyanide is used. If released to

the environment, cyanide can cause huge damages to fish and other feedstock. Cyanide is also

toxic for humans and can be used as a chemical warfare agent in the form of HCN, which can

easily be obtained by mixing cyanide with acid. So it is of utmost importance to assure high

quality containment within the gold processing as well as recycle the cyanide stream as much

as possible. Additionally some security issues concerning transport and access to this bulk

chemical should be considered.

In Uzbekistan, banned and obsolete pesticides kept in storehouses amount to approximately

1,433 t. Of these, 118 t are organochlorine pesticides. Out-of-date pesticides are non-

uniformly distributed across the territory whereby greatest stocks (1,022 t) are found in the

Surkhandarya and Kashcadarya areas in southern Uzbekistan. More than 15,000 t of banned

and obsolete pesticides have been kept in special underground facilities (made of ferro-

concrete) since 1972. There are 14 such facilities in Uzbekistan occupying more than 0.6 km2.

Environmental monitoring is conducted to control them. Open, unsealed facilities also exist in

the country posing a negative impact on the surrounding environment. During the 1980s when

cotton monoculture was dominant in Uzbekistan, aerial spraying was widely used to protect

cotton and defoliation. Presently, there are 461 former agriculture aerodromes on the territory

of Uzbekistan, which occupy 45 km2. Soil pollution levels at these aerodromes exceed the

norm by more than 100 times.

Uzbekistan has ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). As to the BWC (Biological

Weapons Convention (BWC) Uzbekistan has accessed, but not ratified on January 26th 1996.

There have been test fields and infrastructure for weapons of mass destruction in Uzbekistan,

especially chemical warfare agents (including also nerve agents of the latest generation) and

biological warfare agents. It cannot be excluded that unexploded ordnance containing these

agents or buried munitions may still be found in the area of former test sites requiring specific

procedures for rendering safe (CBRN EOD – chemical biological radiological nuclear

explosive ordnance disposal). For example, Vozrozhdeniya Island was one of the main

laboratories and testing sites for the Soviet Union's Microbiological Warfare Group. In 1948,

a top-secret Soviet bioweapons laboratory was established here, which tested a variety of

agents, including anthrax, smallpox, plague, brucellosis, and tularaemia. There also already

been found sites with buried Anthrax (10 sites with buried Anthrax have been decontaminated

in 2002).

In the early 1980s the Soviet Union developed and field tested a series of “third generation”

nerve agents which were produced at the Novochebokarsk, Volgograd and Shikany CW

facilities. These unitary agents were the basis for the development of the extremely lethal

novichok series of binary weapons beginning in 1982. From five to ten metric tons of the first

Soviet binary agent novichok-5 were produced at Volgograd and field tested in 1989-90 at the

Ust-Yurt site in Uzbekistan. Another novichok agent was field tested at the Ust-Yurt and

Shikany sites and adopted by the Soviet Army as chemical weapon in 1990. As there are no

details known about these field tests, there may be expected some of these munitions to be

found somewhere around the test area.

1.4. Current situation in the sector

Please see chapter 1.3

1.5. Related programmes and other donor activities

The international organisations which are involved in the area of CB WM in the countries of

the CA region are the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Organization for

Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Regional Environment Centre for Central and

Eastern Europe (REC), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations

Environment Programme (UNEP) and Global Environmental Facility.

International organisations work in CA countries



1.5.1 The Environment and Security Initiative (ENVSEC) (http://www.envsec.org)

The ENVSEC covers the following partner countries of the CA region involved in the currently

described project: Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The ENVSEC is a partnership

of five international organizations: the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

(OSCE), the Regional Environment Centre for Central and Eastern Europe (REC), the United

Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Economic Commission for

Europe (UNECE), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

The mission of ENVSEC is to contribute to the reduction of environment and security risks

through strengthened cooperation within and among countries of four regions: Central Asia

(CA), Eastern Europe (EE), Southern Caucasus (SC), and South-Eastern Europe (SEE). The

ENVSEC has actively participated in projects concerning hazardous substances and

environment and security risk reduction in Central Asia, as well as several projects in the

regional priorities being "Reduction of risks to security and stability from hazardous practices",

"Raising awareness and strengthening capacities and participatory mechanisms on environment

and security issues" and "Dialogue and cooperation on shared resources".

1.5.2 The Global Environmental Facility (GEF)

The Global Environmental Facility council since 2009 supported the program of “Capacity

Building on Obsolete and POPs Pesticides in Eastern European Caucasus and Central Asian

(EECCA) countries”. The International HCH & Pesticides Association (IHPA) on behalf of the

Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) implemented the program in cooperation with the

Milieukontakt International and the Green Cross and the representatives of Mongolia. Program

comprised awareness-raising and capacity-building to find technical solutions to the problems

arising from the (former) production and application of pesticides. The overall objectives were

to strengthening of regional cooperation and exchange of know-how and experiences by e.g.

connecting countries and experts, and facilitating preparation and implementation of the

pesticides clean-up actions in any of the countries in the region.

1.5.3 The International HCH & Pesticides Association (IHPA) (http://www.ihpa.info)

(HCH = Hexachlorocyclohexane)

The IHPA was established in July 1998 and officially registered as a Foundation in The

Netherlands (2002) with the aim of facilitating and promoting international co-operation and

the exchange of experiences within management of pollution problems stemming from the

production and use of HCH and other unwanted pesticides worldwide.

The IHPA supports the work towards sustainable solutions in production and application of

pesticides and promotes international co-operation of all parties, involved in the field of

pesticides such as international organisations, public authorities, crop protection organisations,

producers, NGO’s, contractors, consultants and those who are concerned. Pursuing the

objectives, the IHPA organises the International HCH & Pesticides Forum and publishes the

Forum proceedings and thereby makes information available. The IHPA co-operates with other

dedicated organisations, wherever possible to achieve its objectives. Hence the IHPA seeks

funding and sponsorship.

IHPA conducted relevant projects in the CA region such as:

Obsolete Pesticides Technical Study in the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of

Tajikistan, and the Republic of Uzbekistan

Capacity Building on Obsolete and POPs Pesticides in Eastern European, Caucasus

and Central Asian (EECCA) countries

Improving capacities to eliminate and prevent recurrence of obsolete pesticides as a

model for tackling unused hazardous chemicals in the former Soviet Union

Technical guidelines on the environmentally sound management of wastes consisting

of, containing or contaminated with pesticides aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, endrin,

heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), mirex or toxaphene or with HCB as an

industrial chemical

References for Background Information

http://www.zoinet.org/web/sites/default/files/publications/Waste-Chemicals-CA-EN.pdf

United States Geological Survey 2012 Minerals Yearbook Uzbekistan

United States Geological Survey 2012 Minerals Yearbook Kyrgyzstan

United States Geological Survey 2012 Minerals Yearbook Tajikistan

http://www.chemicalbulletin.ro/admin/articole/59880art_57%28237-240%29.pdf

http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/14/761/14761058.pdf

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/nuregs/staff/sr1910/v1/ch2.pdf

http://www.wise-uranium.org/uisl.html#IMPACTS

http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2010/ph240/sagatov1/docs/isl.pdf

http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/2012/myb3-2012-uz.pdf

http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jul2009/2009-07-20-01.asp

http://thediplomat.com/2011/04/us-backs-uzbek-biodefences/

http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Nuclear-Fuel-Cycle/Mining-of-Uranium/In-Situ-Leach-

Mining-of-Uranium/

Project proposal for the World Bank: Natural Disaster Mitigation (2004)

Susan Murcott: Arsenic Contamination in the World: An International Sourcebook 2012

Environmental Problems in Kyrgyzstan, Azamat Hudaibergenov, Ministry of Environmental

Protection in: UNEP: Fourth Global Training Programme in Environmental Law, 1980.

https://obsoletepesticides.net/site/home/countries/kyrgyzstan/

Gulbarshyn Bozheyeva: The Pavlodar Chemical Weapons Plant in Kazakhstan: History and

Legacy. The Nonproliferation Review/Summer 2000.

Nadine Gurr, Benjamin Cole: The New Face of Terrorism: Threats from Weapons of Mass

Destruction, p. 284, June 2002.



http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1088817.html

The International Scientific Commissions`s Assessment of the Impact of the Cyanide Spill at

Barskaun, Kyrgyz Republic, May 20th 1998.

http://cns.miis.edu/other/salama_060720.htm

http://www.ihpa.info

2. OBJECTIVE, PURPOSE & EXPECTED RESULTS

2.1. Overall objective

The overall objective of the project of which this contract will be a part is as follows:

strengthen existing chemical and biological waste management capabilities to ensure safe and

secure collection, transportation, separation, processing, storage, disposal and inventory of

hazardous CB waste originated by local industry (CB waste producers and CB waste

management facilities), trade, agriculture, health care and past practices (dumping sites,

historical industrial sites, former military bases etc.), as well as a consequence of emergency.

2.2. Purpose

The purposes of this contract are as follows:

• To strengthen the existing chemical and biological waste management capabilities

• To raise the level of knowledge among the local chemical, biological waste stakeholders on

CB waste management

2.3. Results to be achieved by the Contractor

• Improvement of the legislative, regulatory and procedural framework

• Establishment for each country of a clear and complete structure of waste management

bodies

• Specification of needed equipment per country for sites/facilities/labs dealing with C

and B waste

• Increased awareness of waste problematic in stakeholders/responsibles/policy

makers/technical workers and public

• More specifically trained personnel to be able to handle correctly C and B waste

• Improved handling of C and B waste outside specific sites/facilities, e.g. in household

use

• Collected information on sites with known C and/or B waste issues and plans for

remediation or clean-up

• Improvement of collaboration between participating countries in the area of chemical

and biological wste

3. ASSUMPTIONS & RISKS

3.1. Assumptions underlying the project

The project work plan and implementation methodology is jointly developed and implemented

with the participating countries and end-users of the respective countries;

Their commitment and active participation is assumed, in particular for the:

− Identification of the national institutes acting as stakeholders in this project and of

skilled staff to act as trainers;

− Provision of the opportunities for developing the training activities foreseen;

− Identification of appropriate personnel to participate in all relevant

stages/courses/meetings of the project;

− Allocation of resources (both human resources and infrastructure) to support the

delivery of project activities.

The participants commit to efficiently communicate (to the Team Leader) any anticipated

delays, problems and provide ad-hoc corrective actions.

State of the art: the background of the countries in the area of CBRN waste management and

the results of the past donors activities (see points 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5) will be taken into account

by the Contractor in order not to duplicate their planned activities and ensure consistency and

continuation of efforts.

3.2. Risks

The successful implementation of the project and the achievement of the objectives envisaged

can be achieved only with the full support and commitment of the participating non-EU

countries.



The project will be successfully implemented only if it is based on a proper assessment of

current and planned projects relating to forensic capabilities from the other donors.

Given the large scope of C and B and activities at national and regional levels, the

implementation of this project demands good coordination.

Three types of risks are identified:

General

There are currently clear indications of significant interest from the non-EU participating

countries, both in terms of general and technical support to set up a long-term regional training

initiative in the area of CBRN field response. There is sufficient trust and confidence to share

information and cooperate among the non-EU countries in the region and with the EU partners,

based on previous experiences with joint projects and various collaborative initiatives in the

field of preparedness and response to CBRN incidents. However, the possible future general

situation in some of the participating countries may be detrimental to the willingness of

countries to actively engage in exchange of data and staff.

Technical

In most of the countries, the existing infrastructure and institutional arrangements related to C,

B and RN waste management may cause the shortage in relevant instrumentation and facility

needs in order to perform CBRN waste management activities in some instance. In this regard,

this is foreseen that the trainings start in parallel with the procurement of equipment. The

project work plan needs to be carefully coordinated with the EC timeline for procurement.

Administrative

The successful implementation of the contract relies also on a smooth cooperation between the

contractor, being responsible for project management, logistics and full implementation of the

contract deliverables, and the national agencies which could be identified as local

implementers. Furthermore, the Contractor also has to communicate and cooperate in a smooth

and efficient way with the CBRN CoE National Focal Points including through the CBRN CoE

Regional Secretariat established in Tbilisi. Considering the complex communication and

coordination needs, a direct interface to exchange information on the project progress and

actions, to address problems, to seek solutions and to enable both sides to supervise the

performance of the project should be established.

4. SCOPE OF THE WORK

4.1. General

4.1.1. Project description

The present project is originated from expressing of interests by the CA participant countries to

address regional efforts in enhancement of particular elements of C waste management

capabilities of respective national institutions. The complexity of the issue identified special

approach in conceptual elaboration of the proposal as well as follow-up prioritization of

activities country-by-country. It has been obvious at the very beginning stage of proposal that

CA states would have different interest and different priorities. To proceed to the “bottom-up

approach”, the method of consultations and importance of consensus among national experts

appeared as a crucial point. In this regard, it has been decided to invite national C and B waste

management experts for provision of respective information on current status of C and B waste

management in their countries and to discuss possibility how to identify most important points

to be addressed during the future project implementation. The current ToR is based on final

feedbacks from CA PCs

4.1.2. Geographical area to be covered

Afghanistan, Kirgiz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

4.1.3. Target groups

The target groups for the implementation of this project include stakeholders involved in the C

and B in CA PCs such as regulatory authorities, waste management operators, waste

transportation facilities, safety and security services providers for the waste management

operators etc.

4.2. Specific work

The activities will be implemented by the Contractor (alone or in a consortium) with the

national experts of the partner countries under eight Work Packages. It is expected from the

partner countries to provide the best possible collaboration with the contractor. This includes

the provision of information required for country reports. In case some of the information is

classified, it is agreed between partner countries officials and contractor how to deal with this.

All activities (including the provision of the deliverables) must be completed within 36 months.

The Work Packages will cover the following activities and key deliverables:

Work Package 1 Legislative, regulatory and procedural framework, including the waste management manual

Identification for each country of the national partners and stakeholders with

involvement of the CBRN CoE National Focal Point and his National Team.

Partners include, but are not limited to relevant ministries, institutes, waste

management operators, consultants with proficiency in legislative matters and

safety and security providers for waste management.

• Review of existing legislation and regulations in participating countries

concerning management of chemical and biological waste, covering the following

aspects. This is performed in collaboration with the previously identified partners

in each country.



o Production, generation, accumulation , avoidance, reduction

o identification and categorisation of waste

o Separation, sorting

o Inactivation

o Removal

o Transport

o Dumping, Storage

o Management of legal waste disposal sites

o Treatment, recycling

o Disposal, burial and / or destruction

o Trans boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes (Basel Convention)

o Security arrangements

This includes a review of standards and glossary in use.

• Review of procedures at site (or laboratory) level, e.g. veterinary clinics and labs,

hospitals and labs, research facilities including establishment of sites inventories:

identification, location, types and quantities of waste, waste management

procedures. This includes (at least) 5 site visits per country for assessment of

selected facilities. Selection of sites is decided on in collaboration with each of

the partner countries. All aspects mentioned in the previous activity are to be

included.

• Compilation of existing international guidelines on best practices in waste

management (taking into account deliverables from previous projects such as

Project 6 in the CBRN CoE). This compilation report is provided to each NFP

and National Team in the preferred language.

• Proposals for update/setup of legislation, regulations are formulated in a country

report. These are based on the previous review of legislation and regulations per

country. Proposals are formulated in a report taking into account the national

processes at legislative and administrative level. This is achieved by working

closely with local partners proficient in these processes.

• Exchange of experiences in the region and with other regions on legislation,

procedures and implementation of international instruments. For this purpose a

regional 2-day workshop is organised for the relevant stakeholders in the

participating countries in which the compilation of existing international

guidelines is presented and discussed and with contributions from international

partners presenting examples of good practice and contributions of

implementation instruments by partners from the different participating countries.

The CoE National Focal Point and the National Team will identify, together with

the implementing partner, these national contributors.

• Proposals for specific procedures; procedures are to be site and waste category

specific, including for transport. These proposals are based on the review of the

procedures at site level and are targeting specific sites (labs, clinics, …).

• Production of Chemical and Biological waste management manual in English and

Russian languages. This manual includes the various aspects of waste

management mentioned before.

• Proposals for setting up legislative, regulatory and procedural compliance

checking at all appropriate levels. This includes identification of responsible

bodies and definition of resource needs of these bodies. Exchange of experience

on the subject.

Responsible bodies for compliance checking of the different aspects of waste

management of hazardous chemical and biological waste are clearly identified.

This activity again requires close collaboration with the national stake holders and

results in country specific recommendations, taking into account each country's

structures and administrative procedures.

Gaps in available resources (personnel, equipment) for the setup of appropriate,

operative compliance checking bodies are concretely identified for each country

and the specific needs are clearly described concerning funding, instrumentation,

facilities and equipment, personnel, competences of personnel and training needs.

A dedicated 1 day workshop is organised for the exchange of experience between

participating countries with the National Focal Points and experts from the

countries participating.

WP1 Deliverables

List of identified national partners per country

Country report presenting the legislation and regulations overview with proposed

setup and/or updates

Country report of procedures review and proposed improvements at site level

with full mission reports for facility visits

Compilation report of international guidelines in the country preferred language

Proceedings, including presented material, of the regional workshop

Country report for implementation of compliance checking, including description

of needed resources

Minutes of workshop for the exchange of compliance checking experience

Work Package 2 Waste management bodies

Identification of responsible bodies in participating countries concerning

management of chemical and biological waste, covering the following aspects:



o Production, generation, accumulation , avoidance, reduction

o identification and categorisation of waste

o Separation, sorting

o Inactivation

o Removal

o Transport

o Dumping, Storage

o Management of legal waste disposal sites

o Treatment, recycling

o Disposal, burial and / or destruction

o Trans boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes (Basel Convention)

o Security arrangements

o Compliance checking at all appropriate levels (covered in WP1)

This concerns the actual practical organisation of the management of waste. What

entities are involved and have as (one of their) main purpose(s) to act in a part of

the chemical and biological waste management. The identification makes full use

of the information provided by the National Team and previously identified

stakeholders.

The role of each entity is described in detail and, overlaps and gaps in the

organisational structure are acknowledged.

Starting from each aspect involved (listed above) the entities or bodies performing

that specific role are identified.

The result is a report clearly showing the structure of bodies and their respective

roles in waste management, indicating where changes can be expected to be

beneficial.

Exchange of experiences in the region and with other regions on best practices of

waste management bodies.

With the approval of the countries concerned a comparison of the organisational

structure is created and reported to all national teams. This allows the exchange of

best practices, from which suggested changes can originate. Approval of sharing

the information in the project is obtained from each partner country through the

NFP.

Proposals for the optimisation of activities of the bodies involved in the waste

management, including definition of resource needs of these bodies.

From the information for each country and from the comparison of best practices,

proposal for optimisations are formulated. This recommendations report is

established in close collaboration with the respective national expert (focal point

and team) in order to take into account the administrative and legislative

specificities of each country.

The report includes, where missing, the description of additional resources

(funding, instrumentation, facilities and equipment, personnel, competences of

personnel and training needs) needed to realise the formulated recommendations.

WP2 Deliverables

Country report structure and roles in waste management with recommended

changes

Comparative report of best practices in organisational structure for C and B

waste management

Recommendation report for optimisation of activities, including identification of

needed resources

Work Package 3 Defining TORs for Equipping sites/facilities/labs

For newly defined and updated procedures for waste management at site/facility/laboratory

level adequate (quantity and quality) equipment is needed; the needs are defined by available,

existing instruments and materials and by the new and updated procedures; examples are

containers, handling material and instruments, temporary storage facilities, autoclaves, security

provisions,…

• Create a list of major active sites/facilities/laboratories (further called 'sites') for which

chemical and/or biological waste procedures presents an issue

• Define their needs to adequately equip these sites in instruments and materials for up

to date procedures of waste handling. Existing equipment and material in use is taken

into account and gaps are indicated.

• Provide technical specifications or terms of reference for equipment and materials

needed to be added or updated, including an estimate of the funding needed. These

specifications and terms of reference also cover the needs for maintenance and repairs

for existing and new equipment, taking into account specific situation in the partner

country concerning availability of technical expertise.

WP3 Deliverables

List of active sites were C and/or B waste management issues exist

Report defining equipping needs for sites to be up to date

Report with terms of reference for material and equipment needed per site

Work Package 4 Awareness raising and training in sites/facilities/labs

• Awareness raising



To raise awareness on chemical and biological waste management, the facts

need to be known. Therefore, factsheets concerning the facts and figures

around chemical and biological waste management in Central Asia are

developed. The list of references and sources is made available.

For the planning and monitoring of impact of the awareness raising campaign

the strategic plan is created in the local context to shape effective strategies.

The need and impact is defined communicating a sense of urgency. In the

plan the strategic actions over time are clarified.

Previously conducted activities for awareness raising of chemical and

biological waste problems are taken into account in setting the goals of the

awareness raising campaign. Visibility, attractiveness, credibility and

professional image are considered.

The target groups where awareness campaign will increase recognition of the

problems related to chemical and biological waste management shall be

defined matching different target audiences with the different goals and

messages.

It should be estimated how the message concerning problems related to

chemical and biological waste management will be perceived by the different

target audiences. Quality of the message and the messenger shall be ensured

and it is important that communication of positive, consistent, clear message

tailored for different target audiences shall be done by a trusted source.

Longstanding reputation, profile and consistent professionalism of the

messenger shall be ensured. Maintaining professionalism and integrity in

cooperation with celebrities and ambassadors in informal networks shall be

considered.

The most important activities of local and regional partnerships with the

media, politicians, target-group and stakeholders in different fields

concerning problems related to chemical and biological waste management

after the campaign shall be described. Which 'powerful’ organisations have

developed or are interested in development of new partnerships concerning

chemical and biological waste management after using the

campaign("stakeholder engagement")?

Performing the planned strategic actions over time and communicating strong

and clear message through the various channels.

• Training

Definition of trainees at listed sites/facilities/labs

Define the categories of personnel at earlier listed sites for whom trainings in

handling C and B waste is to be performed and select personnel accordingly

in lists per site. Input of local experts, NFP and NT is essential for efficiency

and completeness.

Safety and security risks training for the decision makers

Organise one safety and security risks workshop training per country to

which site decision makers are invited as participants.

Safety and security risks training for the employees involved with specific

categories of chemical and biological waste

Design training materials such as folders, posters, intranet site content for

specific categories of C and B waste and put these materials at the disposal of

sites (obviously in the appropriate language)

Training in chemical and/or biological waste management procedures,

including handling, personal protection, security measures, separation,

inactivation, treatment, disposal, storage, transport… and including reduction

and avoidance

Selected trainees are as in first activity under "Training" described above.

Training sessions may be organised on a regional basis according to specific

activities sector or may be organised per country.

A training session is 2-3 days and includes hands-on learning and hence is limited

to 20-30 participants. Per country (see also under point 1 WP4, Training) a

sufficient number of trainees are participants (agreed with NFP and NT and based

of the listing of sites).

Set up a sustainable training system for lifelong learning/ refresher courses

Develop a training module on safety and security risks. The training module shall

be in the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) format suitable for

all major online learning management platforms.

WP 4 Deliverables

Factsheets in the a printable flyer format on the issues related to the CB waste

management on which the awareness raising is needed , separate for each country.

Strategic action plan of the awareness raising campaign, separate for each country and

common for common issues. The plan shall include: List of measurable goals, List of

target audience, List of messages related to different target audiences, mentioning

potential messengers;

Strategic action plan after campaign mentioning roles of different stakeholders and events

over the time.

Report of the performed awareness raising campaign including the questionnaires filled

by target audiences indicating how have the lay-out and the format of the campaign been

perceived and amount of the problems indicated reduced as the result of the campaign.

A list of personnel at earlier listed sites for whom trainings in handling C and B waste is

to be performed.

Agendas of the safety and security risks workshop trainings , separate for each country.



Training materials such as folders, posters, slides, videos, internet site content for specific

categories of C and B waste at the disposal of sites (in the English and Russian languages,

and other national languages if needed)

Training materials of trainings in chemical and/or biological waste management

procedures, including handling, personal protection, security measures, separation,

inactivation, treatment, disposal, storage, transport… and including reduction and

avoidance

Develop training module on safety and security risks related to Chemical and Biological

risk management. The training module shall be in the Sharable Content Object Reference

Model (SCORM) format suitable for all major online learning management platforms.

The training of trainers training material, including relevant to Chemical and Biological

risk management technical matters, pedagogical and organizational skills needed for the

performance of efficient trainings.

The list of the potential trainers and training institutions setting up a sustainable training

system for lifelong learning/ refresher courses in each separate country or a region.

Work Package 5 Non site/lab/facility hazardous waste

• Review of current practices in hazardous waste management non-related to

specific sites and facilities (e.g. household origin: solvents, paints, batteries,…)

and proposal of improvements including use of CLP (classification, labelling end

packaging) pictograms

Define categories of all hazardous chemicals and biological materials

and waste products relevant for non-site applications

Investigate current regulations and practices for waste management

thereof.

Recommend improvements of waste management procedures for non-

site related waste.

• Awareness raising in general public of safety and security issues with chemical

and biological waste, use of best practices, …

Design, with appropriate partners in the country (with knowledge of local

practices in this type of communication), a sustainable campaign of awareness

raising using available media in the partner country, such as folders, posters,

television and radio, internet,… in the appropriate languages; this includes

information about previously recommended improved procedures.

WP5 Deliverables

Definition of categories of non-site waste common for the complete project

Investigation report per country on current regulations and practices, including

recommendations for improvements

Report proposing campaigns per country for awareness raising

Work Package 6 Preparation of sites remediation/management

• Inventory of current and historic dump and burial sites and abandoned industrial sites

with chemical and biological waste, including e-waste.

Check existence and completeness per country of such an inventory

Complete/create the inventory in collaboration with local experts assigned by

NFP and NT

Inventory includes precise location (mapping), quantities and characteristics

of the hazardous waste suspected or known to be present

• Development of innovative methods for detecting and mapping the burial sites (burial

grounds, landfills) of untreated chemical fertilizers and other harmful substances by

the integration of micro-seismic sounding and chemical analysis methods. This might

include three independent seismological observations, registration of weak seismic

activity in studying area, micro-seismic profiling, reconnaissance registration of

seismic signals, development of the method of quantitative analysis of existing "burial

grounds" of hazardous substances.

• Characterisation and quantification of waste materials and substances and systematic

assessment (following a well-defined methodology) of safety risks and security threats

linked to these sites

Provide methodology for characterisation and quantification of waste

materials

Apply methodology for listed sites for which quantities and characteristics

are uncertain, unknown and/or suspected to be incomplete

Propose a methodology for risk assessment for safety and security for the

sites concerned

Perform risk assessment for the sites and report on it including recommended

measures for preliminary securing if deemed useful

• Proposal of site specific measures of risk mitigation for enhancement of security and

safety on the longer term

This is obviously based on the performed risk assessment.

• Feasibility study on possible remediation/management of problematic sites following

state of the art practices

For sites for which risk assessment is indicative of further action to be necessary a

feasibility study is performed. Such study will focus on operational, technical and

financial feasibility and provides all needed information for the local partners for

decision making about specific sites.



• (Implementation of state of the art methods of remediation /management of sites if

feasible inside the budget of the project or alternatively formulate comprehensive

project proposals for implementation of remediation/management)?

WP6 Deliverables

Inventory of problematic sites

Report with characterisation and quantification of hazardous chemical and biological

waste including safety and security risk assessment per site and short and long term risk

mitigation measures

Feasibility study report for remediation/management of highly problematic sites

Work Package 7 Hazardous Wastes consultation group

Assess the possibility of setting up a technical, consultation group on the exchange of

experience in C and B waste issues.

Propose a regional, sustainable mechanism of consultation between partner countries on a

regular and case basis in C and B waste issues. Agreement of participating countries is needed

and collaboration with the NFP for this purpose is necessary.

WP7 Deliverables

A proposal officially agreed on by participating countries for the establishment of a

regional, technical consultation group, including terms of reference

Work Package 8 Coordination ongoing projects

Coordination with ongoing national, regional and international projects/programs

WP8 Deliverables

Report describing coordination activities

4.3. Project management

4.3.1. Responsible body

The Contracting Authority representative is the European Commission, EuropeAid Unit

DEVCO B.5.

4.3.2. Management structure

The Contractor will coordinate and provide overall project management for the entire scope of

the work described in sections 4.1 and 4.2. The Contractor will work together with

representatives of the CBRN CoE Regional Secretariats, National Teams and other relevant

stakeholders in the region.

The project will be headed by the Project Team Leader (TL) who will co-operate on a day-to-

day basis with the project partners. The Project Team Leader will report to the EC Project

Manager for all important decisions notably on budgetary and staff recruitment issues.

4.3.3. Facilities to be provided by the Contracting Authority and/or other parties

None

5. LOGISTICS AND TIMING

5.1. Location

The work will be performed at the Contractor's offices and/or at locations where project's

activities are carried out in the CA region.

5.2. Start date & period of implementation

The commencement date will be decided after the signature of the contract and the period of

implementation of the contract will be 36 months from this date. Please see Articles 19.1 and

19.2 of the Special Conditions for the actual start date and period of implementation.

6. REQUIREMENTS

6.1. Staff

Note that civil servants and other staff of the public administration, of the partner country or of

international/regional organisations based in the country, shall only be approved to work as

experts if well justified. The justification should be submitted with the tender and shall include

information on the added value the expert will bring as well as proof that the expert is seconded

or on personal leave.



6.1.1. Key experts

Key experts have a crucial role in implementing the contract. These terms of reference contain

the required key experts’ profiles. The tenderer shall submit CVs and Statements of Exclusivity

and Availability for the following key experts:

Key expert 1: Team Leader

The Team Leader will manage the expert team and will have the following responsibilities:

• Coordinate the work of all experts on the project

• Supervise and coordinate all technical aspects of the contract

• Ensure good communication between all experts and stakeholders

• Ensure coordination and communication with the Contracting Authority

• Organise and oversee administrative and logistical support

• Coordinate daily activities of the project office

• Brief and de-brief experts

• Organise logistics for the exercises and trainings with the participating countries

• Organise study visits and meetings

• Ensure first level administrative control of the project's expenses, quality of the

outputs and timely delivery of reports

Qualifications and skills

• University degree or equivalent, preferably in one of the following fields as chemical

and biological safety/ security

• Proven organizational, communication and leadership skills

• Proven strong project management experience at national and international levels

• Proven communication and negotiation skills at international level

• Fluency in English and in Russian are mandatory, both written and spoken.

• Team management skills preferably with multi-disciplinary and multicultural team

• Ability to monitor the progress of contract-related activities and reporting

General professional experience

• At least 15 years of professional experience

Specific professional experience

• At least 7 years of experience in organising medium to large-scale, technically

complex projects, preferably in the CBRN safety/security and/or waste management

field

Key expert 2: Waste management expert with Chemical waste management experience

The expert will need to work closely with the Team Leader and with other experts.


• University degree or equivalent in chemistry

• Very good communication skills

• Good organizational skills

• Good command of the English language (spoken and written). Knowledge of one of

the main languages spoken in the region is an asset

• Ability to operate in a multi-disciplinary and multicultural team




• At least 5 years of professional experience in the chemical waste management

• General technical knowledge in the CBRN field

• Experience in participation in international project is an asset

Key expert 3: Waste management expert with Biological waste management experience

The expert will need to work closely with the Team Leader and with other experts.


• University degree or equivalent in biology/microbiology

• Very good communication skills

• Good organizational skills

• Good command of the English language (spoken and written). Knowledge of one of

the main languages spoken in the region is an asset

• Ability to operate in a multi-disciplinary and multicultural team




• At least 5 years of professional experience in biological waste management

• General technical knowledge in the CBRN field

• Experience in participation in international project is an asset

All experts must be independent and free from conflicts of interest in the responsibilities they

take on.



6.1.2. Non-key experts

CVs for non-key experts should not be submitted in the tender but the tenderer will have to

demonstrate in their offer that they have access to experts with the required profiles.

The Contractor must select and hire other experts as required according to the profiles

identified in the Organisation & Methodology and these Terms of Reference. It must clearly

indicate the experts’ profile so that the applicable daily fee rate in the budget breakdown is

clear. All experts must be independent and free from conflicts of interest in the responsibilities

they take on.

The selection procedures used by the Contractor to select these other experts must be

transparent, and must be based on pre-defined criteria, including professional qualifications,

language skills and work experience. The findings of the selection panel must be recorded. The

selected experts must be subject to approval by the Contracting Authority before the start of

their implementation of tasks.

6.1.3. Support staff & backstopping

The Contractor will provide support facilities to their team of experts (back-stopping) during

the implementation of the contract.

Backstopping and support staff costs must be included in the fee rates.

6.2. Office accommodation

Office accommodation of a reasonable standard for each expert working on the contract is to be

provided by the Contractor

The costs of the office accommodation are to be covered by the fee rates.

6.3. Equipment

No equipment is to be purchased on behalf of the Contracting Authority / partner country as

part of this service contract or transferred to the Contracting Authority / partner country at the

end of this contract. Any equipment related to this contract that is to be acquired by the partner

country must be purchased by means of a separate supply tender procedure.

6.4. Incidental expenditure

The provision for incidental expenditure covers ancillary and exceptional eligible expenditure

incurred under this contract. It cannot be used for costs that should be covered by the

Contractor as part of its fee rates, as defined above. Its use is governed by the provisions in the

General Conditions and the notes in Annex V to the Contract. It covers:

• Travel costs and subsistence allowances for missions, outside the normal place of posting,

undertaken as part of this contract. If applicable, indicate whether the provision includes

costs for environmental measures, for example C02 offsetting.

• Costs associated with organising and conducting training sessions, seminars, workshops,

conferences and study tours including, but not limited to, rent of premises, seminar

organisation and seminar assistance. Interpretation and interpretation equipment, training

equipment, local and regional travel, per diems, shuttle services, catering – the latter two as

far as not covered by per diems -, stationary, translation, layout, printing, publication and

other logistics matters.

The provision for incidental expenditure for this contract is EUR 450 000. This amount must be

included unchanged in the Budget breakdown.

Daily subsistence costs may be reimbursed for missions foreseen in these terms of reference or

approved by the Contracting Authority, and carried out by the contractor’s authorised experts,

outside the expert’s normal place of posting.

The per diem is a flat-rate maximum sum covering daily subsistence costs. These include

accommodation, meals, tips and local travel, including travel to and from the airport. Taxi fares

are therefore covered by the per diem. Per diem are payable on the basis of the number of hours

spent on the mission by the contractor's authorised experts for missions carried out outside the

expert's normal place of posting. The per diem is payable if the duration of the mission is 12

hours or more. The per diem may be paid in half or in full, with 12 hours = 50% of the per

diem rate and 24 hours = 100% of the per diem rate. Any subsistence allowances to be paid for

missions undertaken as part of this contract must not exceed the per diem rates published on the

website - http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/funding/about-calls-tender/procedures-and-practical-guide-prag/diems_en -

at the start of each such mission.

The Contracting Authority reserves the right to reject payment of per diem for time spent

travelling if the most direct route and the most economical fare criteria have not been applied.

Prior authorisation by the Contracting Authority for the use of the incidental expenditure is not

needed.

6.5. Lump sums

No lump sums are foreseen in this contract.

6.6. Expenditure verification

The provision for expenditure verification covers the fees of the auditor charged with verifying

the expenditure of this contract in order to proceed with the payment of any pre-financing

instalments and/or interim payments.

The provision for expenditure verification for this contract is Eur 25 000.



This amount must be included unchanged in the Budget breakdown.

This provision cannot be decreased but can be increased during execution of the contract.

7. REPORTS

7.1. Reporting requirements

The Contractor will submit the following reports in English in one original copy:

• Inception Report to be produced after 1 month, or other reasonable deadline from the start

of implementation. In the report the Contractor shall describe e.g. initial findings, progress

in collecting data, any difficulties encountered or expected in addition to the work

programme and staff travel. The Contractor should proceed with his/her work unless the

Contracting Authority sends comments on the inception report.

• Interim reports are required every 6 months.

• Draft final report. This report shall be submitted no later than one month before the end of

the period of implementation of tasks.

Final report with the same specifications as the draft final report, incorporating any comments

received from the parties on the draft report. The deadline for sending the final report is 15

days after receipt of comments on the draft final report. The detailed analyses underpinning

the recommendations will be presented in annexes to the main report. The final report must

be provided along with the corresponding invoice.

7.2. Submission & approval of reports

1 hard copy and an electronic copy of the reports referred to above must be submitted to the

Project Manager identified in the contract. The reports must be written in English. The Project

Manager is responsible for approving the reports.

An electronic copy of all deliverables identified in this Terms of Reference will be submitted to

the Project Manager together with the interim and final reports.

8. MONITORING AND EVALUATION

8.1. Definition of indicators

The evaluation of the project will be performed using defined criteria such as relevance,

efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability. Evaluation uses data previously collected

by the Project Manager during monitoring activities, from the Contractor and the participating

countries.

Additional data is collected and cross-checked during the field missions, through surveys,

interviews, observation etc. Evaluation will be performed during all phases of the project by the

EC – Joint Research Centre.

A methodology for quality control based on the evaluation methods for the European Union’s

external assistance, used by the European Commission for evaluating projects financed and

implemented within the framework of the External Aid Cooperation Programme, will be

applied.

A logical framework matrix should therefore be part of every inception, interim and final report

produced by the Contractor, showing the status of achievement of each project objective.

Project’s achievements are evaluated against identified indicators.

The EC evaluation team is free to choose any additional overall, horizontal and specific

indicators according to the project’s specific characteristics at any stage of the project life

cycle. Furthermore, the project will also be subject to Results Oriented Monitoring (ROM).

8.2. Special requirements

Observe the guidelines of implementation and use training evaluations in annex of these Terms

of Reference

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