Strategies for enhancement of kharif crop production - 2014

Department of Agriculture &Cane Development

JHARKHAND

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Agroclimatic zone VII : Eastern plateau and hill region

Agro – Climatic Sub-Zones• Central and North Plateau• Western Plateau• South – Eastern Plateau

Jharkhand State General Feature

Parameter

Agro- climatic sub-zones

Jharkhand % AreaCentral and North Eastern Plateau

Western Plateau

South Eastern Plateau

Geographical area 3518.34 3095.12 1556.62 7970.08 -

Forest area 989.68 896.55 44632 2332.55 29.27

Barren and uncultivated area 260.10 199.74 113.25 573.09 7.19

Cultivable waste land 120.18 99.49 54.79 274.46 3.44

Permanent pasture and other grazing land 71.97 8.33 7.16 87.46 1.10

Land under misc. trees 54.16 41.04 18.24 113.44 1.42

Net area sown 2560 32

Land Use Pattern of Jharkhand (‘000 ha)

Parameter

Agro- Climatic sub-zones

Central and North Eastern Plateau

Western Plateau

South Eastern Plateau

June- Sept (Monsoon) 1089 (82.4%) 1174 (83.3%) 1053 (80.6%)

Oct- Nov(Post Monsoon) 90 (6.0%) 96 (6.7%) 69 (5.3%)

Dec- Feb(Retreating Monsoon) 54 (4.1%) 71 (5.0 %) 58 (4.4%)

March- May(Pre- Monsoon) 88 (6.1%) 68 (4.8%) 122 (9.4%)

Total 1321 1409 1304

RAINFALL (mm) PATTERN OF JHARKHAND

Period of Moisture availability in Jharkhand

50% Evaporation

MoistureSurplus Zone

Erratic Distribution of Rainfall Late arrival & early cessation of monsoon Frequent dry spell of varying duration usually occurs

in rainy season which adversely affects green fodder production.

Excessive rains also create water logging thus affects fodder production.

Characteristics of Monsoon

Average Normal rainfall -1200 to 1300 mm

Rainfall during June to Sept-80 % of total Rainfall

Present Trend of Rainfall - Rainfall delayed & Late onset of Monsoon

Upto 20th Sept 2013 8

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4

6

8

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Rainfall June 2013 to October, 2013 in Std. Week( total 1179 mm)

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Sl.No. Crop Area Production Yield

1 Rice 1414.462 3991.222 2833

2 Maize 249.335 451.693 1812

3 Wheat 164.304 319.454 1944

4 Pulses 586.965 686.219 1169

5 Oil seed

250.586 197.235 783

A.P.Y. 2012-13 Area-‘000 ha

Production-‘000 ton Yield- Kg/ha

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Status of Crop Production (in ‘000 MT) During Last 6 Years

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4

6

8

10

12

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11

Year

Prod

uctio

n in

000

MT

Source : Year wise final estimate.

Physical Progress under NFSM upto January , 2014

1. The cluster demonstration as per target conducted on hybrid rice is 2250 ha

and HYV rice is 4500 ha.

2. The cluster demonstration under NFSM-Pulses & A3P was conducted as per

target 490000 ha during Kharif & Rabi.

3. Out of 42571 ha 29138 ha INM & IPM inputs were distributed under NFSM-

Rice.

4. Out of 45474 ha target under INM in pulses 28587 ha achieved so far.

5. Out of 21100 ha target under IPM in pulses 12885 ha could be achieved so

far.

6. Out of 9000 Nos. of Knapsack Sprayer total 13594 Sprayer were distributed.

7. Out of 2500 Nos. of Cooweeder 3366 were distributed so far.

8. Out of 4120 Nos. pumpsets 4457 Pumpsets were distributed so far.

9. Out of 420 Nos. FFS total target was achieved.

10. 2961 qtls of Certified seed of rice and pulses was distributed.

Major Activities under NFSM

• Conducting Cluster Demonstration on

hybrid rice, Improved Package of Practices

and SRI under NFSM – Rice & on Pulses

crops under NFSM- Pulses and NFSM –

A3P (Pulses).

• Distribution of of high yielding varieties

(HYV) and hybrid varieties Rice and

Pulses seed on subsidy basis.

• Distribution of INM (Integrated nutrient

management) like Micronutrient (Borax /

Zinc), Lime/Dolomite, Rhizobium culture

and PSB among the farmers on subsidy

basis .

• Distribution of IPM (Integrated Pest

Management) like Plant Protection

chemical and bio – agent on subsidy basis.

• Distribution of resource conservation tools (Farm machineries) on subsidy basis to promote farm mechanization.

• Pump set and irrigation pipes are distributed on subsidy basis to enhance irrigation potential of the farmers field.

• Farmers Field School (FFS) are organized for capacity building of farmers.

Impact of the Programme :

• Area under Rice about (10%) and Pulses (38%) are

increased.

• 13 to 84% increased in crops (Rice & Pulses) yield was

observed due to adoption of improved technologies

• 18% Cultivable waste land and 25% fallow lands were

brought under cultivation.

• About 18% monocropped area was brought under double

crop.

• Employment opportunity increased in rural areas, as a result

migration of labourers was minimised.

• Adoption of new varieties of Rice : KRH – 2, Abhishek,

Sahbaghi, MTU 1010, Lalat etc.

• Adoption of new varieties of Pulses:

Arhar – Luxmi, Upas 120, Birsa Arhar -1, ICPH 2671 & Bahar

Gram – KPG – 59, BG 372, KAK -2

Masoor – K-75, HUL – 57, KLS -218

Moong – Pusa vishal, SML 668, PDM -139

Urd – Birsa urad -1, Pant U -40, Pant U -19

Technology adopted eg.

• Line sowing

• Use of INM & IPM

• Seed treatment

Adoption of improved agriculture implements:

• Knapsack sprayer

• Conoweeder

• Seed drill

• Zero till seed drill

• Multicrop Planter

• Large volume Sprinkler/Raingun

• Rotavator

Status of fund utilization under NFSM 2013-14 upto Jan, 2014

Schemes Allocation(2013-14)

O.B. as on

01.04.2013 as

per AUC

Fund released by GOI

Total Fund

available

Achievement upto Jan., 2014

% Achieveme

nt

NFSM - Rice 1530.83 200.049 1330.780 1530.830 1179.295 77.04

NFSM - Pulses 1980.87 429.081 1184.230 1613.311 1154.119 58.26

NFSM –A3P (pulses) 684.00 22.170 661.830 684.00 481.175 70.34

Additional area coverage under NFSM - Pulses

691.00 367.560 691.00 1058.560 133.957 19.38

Total 4886.70 1018.860 3867.840 4886.70 2948.546 -

Rs. (in lakh)

Note : 2nd and final installment relesed in Dec, 2013 and made available to NFSM district for implementation

INTERVENTION WISE PHYSICAL & FINANCIAL Achievement (2013-14 )

BGREIS

No. Component Unit Target As

approved by SLSC

Achievement

Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin.

I. Demonstration - RICE

i Upland Rice 5 5000 324.850

ii Shallow Rice 18 18000 1169.460

18000 813.28

iii Medium Water Rice 17 17000 1124.09

17900 807.95

iv Deep Water Rice

v HYV 15.25 15250 981.642

15000 654.4

vi Hybrid Rice 10 10000 670.20 9300 382.528

Sub Total (Demonstration) 65250 4270.2425

60200 2658.158

Rs. In Lakhs

• Sub. Zone-IV : Rice, Wheat, Maize and Greengram.

• Sub. Zone V : Rice, Maize, Niger, Chickpea and Pigeonpea.

• Sub. Zone VI : Rice, Maize, Linseed and Niger.

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Crop/Cropping System Major crops

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Upland : Rained ecosystem having water retention capacity 180-200mm per meter soil depth

Existing Diversification

Rice/Maize-Fallow Rice/Gundli-Fallow Arhar/Black gram-Fallow Fallow-Niger/Horse gram

Pegeonpea + Groundnut (1:2) Pegeonpea + Blackgram (1:2) Pegonpea + Rice (1:3) Pegeonpea + Maize (1:1) Maize + Black gram (1:2) Maize + Soybean (1:2) Black gram-Safflower /Linseed /Lentil /Chickpea

/Niger /Horse gram Maize-Safflower/Linseed/Lentil/Chickpea Soybean-Safflower/Linseed/Lentil/Chickpea

Efficient Cropping systems for different land situations in Jharkhand

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Medium land : It is very potential land situation having limited to adequate irrigation facilities for sequential cropping

Existing Diversification

Rice/Maize-Chickpea/Lentil/Peas

Rice/maize-Barley/Mustard/Linseed

Rice/Maize-Potato/Wheat

Maize + Black gram-Wheat Maize-Early Potato-Late Wheat Maize-Early Potato-Late Peas (green pods) Maize-Wheat-Green gram Maize-Potato-Green gram Maize-Potato-Onion Maize-Toria-Wheat Maize-Early Potato/Toria-Late Wheat-Green

Gram Maize-Wheat + Lentil (4:2) Maize-Wheat + Mustard (8:2) Maize-Lentil + Mustard (5:1) Maize-Potato + Wheat (1:1)

Rice-Wheat-Green gram /Black gram

Rice-Potato-Green gram /Black gram

Rice-Early Potato-Late Wheat

Rice-Toria-Late Wheat

Rice-Early Potato-Late Peas

Rice-Early Potato-Onion

Rice-Berseem

Deenanath Grass-Berseem-Maize+Cowpea

Rice-Early Potato/Toria-Wheat

Rice-Early Potato/Toria-Wheat-Greengram

Rice-Wheat + Lentil (4:2)

Rice-Wheat + Mustard (8:2)

Rice-Potato + Wheat (1:1)

Rice-Lentil + Mustard (5:1

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Lowland : Excessive soil wetness after low land rice does not permit tillage operation till January-February. Consequently, land remains fallow. Under this condition, surface seedling of wheat utilized residual soil moisture efficiently and increases cropping intensity as well.

Existing Diversification

Rice-Fallow Rice-Wheat (surface seeded on wet soil)

Rice-Summer vegetable Rice-Summer rice Rice-Berseem

INITIATIVES TAKEN FOR ENHANCED PRODUCTION of FOOD GRAIN/RICE/ PULSES

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INITIATIVES TAKEN FOR ENHANCED PRODUCTION FOOD GRAIN/RICE

1. Ensuring timely and supply of quality Seed to the farmer

3. Promotion of Modern Agriculture Technology among farmers4. Promoting consumption of inputs

5. Quantitative Increase in crop coverage

6. Initiatives taken for procurement of paddy

7. Enhancing own seed production

8. Ensuring Easy Credit Facilities to the Farmers

9. Capacity Building and Skill upgradation of farmers10. Launching of Seed Treatment Campaign During Rabi 2011-12

2. Promotion of Hybrid Seed

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INITIATIVES TAKEN FOR ENHANCED PRODUCTION FOOD GRAIN/RICE

12. Special efforts to promote Rabi Production

13. Close Monitoring and Supervision at Block/District/State Level

14. Strengthening of Extension Services Network

15. Encouragement and Motivation provided of Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India

11. The impact of BGREI

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PLANNING FOR KHARIF 2014

• Likely Monsoon Scenarios– Forecast of India Metrological Department is

awaited– Plan for all the possible scenarios ready

• Delayed onset, prolonged dry spells, early withdrawal, less ranfall, excessive rainfall, normal rainy season

Input planning for normal situation Review of Critical Inputs -seeds, fertilizers, PP

Chemicals DAC – ICAR pre Kharif Interface

Contingency plans and Advisories District wise contingent plans prepared by

CRIDA in consultation with SAUs and other stakeholders

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Strategies

• Timely placement of inputs

– Coordination meetings across Departments for credit, power, irrigation

– Finalize procurement arrangements for seeds, fertilizers, nutrients, chemicals, program funds

– Weekly video conferencing for regular liaison and follow up

• Mobilizing extension staff for field deployment

– Pooling contractual staff under ATMA, NFSM and other schemes

• Active involvement of SAUs

– Technical Backstopping

– Monitoring

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Contingency plan for crop production

• For avoiding crop losses due to adverse effect of erratic monsoon the contingent planning should be based on the following points:

1. Late onset of monsoon.

2. Dry spell during crop period

3. Early withdrawal of monsoon.

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I. NORMAL ONSET OF MONSOON ( MID JUNE )

When rains are received normally, the following steps are needed to derive full benefit.

(A) General Practices

1. Land shaping and soil conservation including contour bunding should be practiced on a watershed basis.

2. Adequate water harvesting and water storage practices should be adopted for use at later stages as supplementary irrigations.

3. Land preparation operations should be completed before on-set of monsoon so that timely sowing can be done with soaking rains.

4. Set rows if practiced should be across the general slope of the field.

5. Organic manure like F.Y.M. and compost manure and recommended dose of fertilizer should be applied.

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6. Sowing of groundnut, pearl-millet, sorghum and cotton with the onset of monsoon is quite necessary. Proper plant stand establishment will help in making full use of limited water available for the crops.

7. Inter-culturing and weeding should be done timely.

8. Seed treatment and timely plant protection measures should be adopted.

9. Mixed/inter-cropping practices are profitable.

Other suggestions

1. To minimize risk under sole crop of groundnut inter-cropping of groundnut and castor in 3:1 ratio of crop rows in retentive soils should be followed.

2. Mixed/inter-cropping system should be included in the farm planning

– Groundnut + pigeon pea in 3:1 ratio

– Finger millet + Pigeon pea in 2:1 ratio

– Maize + Pigeon pea in 1:1 ratio,

– Drilled Paddy + Pigeon pea in 2:1 ratio

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II. NORMAL ONSET OF MONSOON FOLLOWED BY LONG DRY SPELL

(i) Thinning of seedlings within rows in case of moderate dry spell and thinning of alternate crop rows in the event of acute dry spell will be useful to cut down the competition for limited moisture.

(ii) Give protective irrigations to pigeon pea, groundnut, pearl millet, and pulses in order of preference during dry spells if irrigation supply is available.

(iii) Give a top-dressing of nitrogen spray immediately after stress period when rains received.

(iv) Mulching should be used (organic or Plastic)

(v) In Castor crop, the leaves from the plant should be reduced

(vi) Keep the crop in weed free condition

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III. DELAYED ONSET OF MONSOON

1. Watershed approach in conservation of soil and water.

2. Conservation of runoff water in farm pond.

3. Preparation of land in advance of monsoon.

4. All agronomic practices across the slope.

5. Maximum use of farm yard manure.

6. Application of fertilizer as per recommendation.

7. Sowing of Marua, groundnut, maize and pigeon pea in

kharif immediately on the onset of monsoon.

8. Complete control of weeds.

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9. Maintenance of maximum plant population in

a unit area.

10. Timely plant protection.

11. Adoption of inter cropping to reduce the risk.

12. Adoption of recommended variety especially

short duration HYV.

13. Conservation of moisture by timely inter-

culturing using plastic as mulch.

14. Adoption of relay cropping in late rainfall

conditions.

15. For paddy crops if nursery is not raised ,

germinated seed should be utilized with SRI

method

Other Strategies

1. Proper seed rate of different crops.

2. Seed treatment.

3. Supplementary irrigation at the time of critical stages

4. Effective use of scarce water during crop sowing and adopting alternates furrow irrigation; using modern technique of irrigation wherever possible.

5. To reduce the cost as well as the risk in dry farming, it is advised for timely sowing, gap filling, weeding and fertigation.

6. Adoption of HYVs having short duration and resistant to water scarcity condition

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Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline

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– Second level

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RICE

• Mechanical/Line Transplanting

•Community or commercial seedlings

• Direct Seeded Rice (DSR)

•Drum seeders for wet bed

•Seed drills for dry bed

• Weed management

• Promoting Hybrid and Stress Tolerant Varieties

• Nutrient and Pest Management38

Low Productivity -Causes Intervention

About 50% area is rainfed 1. Target potential areas in each agro-climatic region

2. Increase area under hybrid rice

3. Adoption of System of Rice Intensification (SRI), direct seeding

4. Increasing SRR (seed replacement rate) from 20% to 33%

• Soil test based balanced use of NPK + Micronutrients

6. Adoption of IPM

Delayed sowing/transplanting

Low coverage under HYVs/hybrids

Low Seed Replacement Rate

Low and imbalanced use of fertilizer/nutrients, deficiency of micronutrients

Heavy infestation of weeds and insect pests

Regional variation in productivity

Rice: Thrust Areas and Required Interventions

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Thrust areas for Maize

• Promote single cross hybrids for higher productivity in maize

• Promote Ridge Planting • Use broad bed furrow system for better

management of water • Promotion of quality protein maize and

speciality corn (baby corn, pop corn and sweet corn)

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Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline

Level Third Outline

Level Fourth Outline

Level Fifth

Outline Level

Sixth Outline Level

Seventh Outline Level

Eighth Outline Level

• Ninth Outline LevelClick to edit Master text styles

– Second level

• Third level

– Fourth level

» Fifth level

Thrust Areas For Pulses

Improved varieties/planting Methods

Ridge/furrow method

Improved varieties of pigeonpea/ urd/ mung

Area expansion

Intercropping with Pigeon pea , soybean, black gram

Planting on rice bunds

Plant protection

Addition of lime

Gypsum with micro nutrients and biofertilizers

Weed management with recommended chemicals

Pest surveillance and Integrated Pest management

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INTERVENTIONS REQUIRED FOR OILSEEDSSOYBEAN AND GROUNDNUT:(i) Enhance seed replacement rate to 30%

(ii) Seed treatment with fungicides and Rhizobium culture as major initiative

(iii) Promote the use of sulphur and phosphatic fertilizers

(iv) Timely planting using seed cum ferti drill

(i) Intercrop pigeon pea with soybean and groundnut to enhance per unit return

(vi) IPM for pest management

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CONCLUSION

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• Develop a strategy to exploit the potential of different agro- climatic regions to increase production of kharif crops in general and rice in particular

• Bring additional area under pulses through intercropping and use of fallow lands

• A planned approach for seed production of newly released hybrids of rice and maize

• Promotion of ridge furrow system of planting specially in black soils

• Adopt seed treatment as a major initiative to ensure early crop growth

• Rigorous measures and monitoring to ensure quality of input i.e. seed, pesticide , fertilizers

• Special emphasis for raising the productivity of Oilseeds and pulses through mission mode approach

Use of marker in SRI system, Village- Devedih, , Block – Gumla, Dist- Gumla

Use of Conoweeder in Village- KuchhuBlock – Ormanjhi, Dist- Ranchi,

Field Activity

Standing Paddy crop Block – Gaghra,

Dist- Gumla,

Village – Kuchhu, Block- Ormanjhi

Dist.- Ranchi

View showing Input distribution in Chatra district

Distribution of Conoweeder in W. Singhbhum district

Dr. M.C Diwaker Director (DRD), Patna & Dr. S.V. Singh National consultant , GOI, New Delhi visited Gumla district of Jharkhand for the Evaluation of critical gap in technological adoption in rice based cropping system in Jharkhand

Visit of Cluster demonstration of moong crop in Garhwa & Palamau districts

Effect of INM (Lime & Borax) in W. Singhbhum district on Kulthi crop

Farm Implements distribution in Saraikela Chatra, Pakur & Ranchi district

District - Saraikela

District - Chatra

District - Pakur District - Ranchi

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