Strategic Initiative Program Beyond Silicon… APE-EPRI Palo Alto/APE … · APE Initiative Lead...
Transcript of Strategic Initiative Program Beyond Silicon… APE-EPRI Palo Alto/APE … · APE Initiative Lead...
![Page 1: Strategic Initiative Program Beyond Silicon… APE-EPRI Palo Alto/APE … · APE Initiative Lead Energy Delivery and Utilization . Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview P. M.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051605/600cd5b869616c3950481509/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Beyond Silicon…
Advanced Power Electronics for
FACTS Technology
Jerry Melcher
APE Initiative Lead
Energy Delivery and Utilization
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Initiative Objectives
• Why are we doing this?
• Where are we going?
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Power Electronics
The Thyristor
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Thyristor - SCR
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Power Progress for Si
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Initiative Objectives
• Why are we doing this?
– Si Power Devices are Reaching Their
Fundamental Limits of Performance.
• Where are we going?
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
The “Diamond”
Structure
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Si Electrons
3s 3p
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Physics of
Semiconductors E
k
{ EG
k•p Perturbation Theory
n n
n jj n
n jj n
G v
k
m m
n j
m
m m
n j
m
m mEc v
kk p
pp
pp
b g b g b g b g
b g b g
02
0 0
0 0
12 0 0
0 0
2
2 2 2
2
2
,
,*
*
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Chemistry of
Semiconductors
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Initiative Objectives
• Why are we doing this?
– Si Power Devices are Reaching Their
Fundamental Limits of Performance.
• Where are we going?
– SiC and GaN have Breakdown Electrical
Fields ~10 Times Higher than Si. Both 4
Times the Forward Current…at the
Same Unit Cost! (maybe)
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
EPRI/DARPA
13-18 M$, 3 Years • Nasa-Lewis SiC
• Northrup-Grumman SiC
• Vanderbilt University SiC
• Silicon Power Corp SiC
• University of Florida GaN
• Cal Tech GaN
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Advantages of
Post-Silicon Materials CVD
Property Si 3C SiC (6C SiC) Diamond GaN
Importance
Bandgap (300K) 1.1 2.2 (2.9) 5.5 3.4 Blocking
Voltage
Maximum Operating 500 >900 (>1000) 1400 >800 Limits
Power Flow
Temp (K)
Breakdown Voltage 0.3 4 10 5
Maximum
(Eb, 106 V/cm) Power
Capacity
Hole Mobility 600 40 1600 200
Switching Speed
(RT, cm2/Vs)
Thermal Conductivity 1.5 5 20 1.3 Cooling
Rate
(CT, w/cm)
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
SiC Growth
SiC
Charge
2200 C
Boule
2000 C
Sublimation
6H-SiC Substrate
RF Coils
H2
SiH4
C3H8
HCL
N2
Al(Me)3
CVD
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
SiC: Progress in
Wafer Size
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
SiC: Wafer Price
vs. Year
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Defects: Micropipes
2 m
Micropipes form to relieve strain around super-screw dislocations.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Bu
rger
s vec
tor
squ
are
d,
Å2
30000
0 400 800 1200 1600
core radius, Å
2000
b2
ro
82
Gsurface energy,
= 4 J/m2
shear modulus,
G = 200 GPa b2
ro
16Å
b = 6b0
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
SiC: Micropipe
Density vs. Year
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
SiC:
Record µPipe Density
6
1
2
7
3
4 5
8
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
SiC Thyristor:
Forward Voltage
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
SiC Diode:
Reverse Characterisitics
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Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
What About GaN
& Diamonds?
See OutPost 8
“Why Diamonds are a Girl’s Best Friend!”