1

What’s …?

Present Perfect ContinuousPresent Perfect Continuous

Present Present Perfect Perfect ContinuousContinuous

has/have + been + VingS +

has/have to be + Ving+ V3

2

Form of Present Perfect ContinuousForm of Present Perfect Continuous

S + has/have + been + Ving

Has he been working?

He has notbeen working.

He has been working.He / She / It

Have I been working?

I have notbeen working.

I have been working.

I / You / We / They

Question (?)Negative (-)Positive (+)

Use of Present Perfect ContinuousUse of Present Perfect Continuous

To emphasize the duration (the length of time) of something

When to use: Actions that started in the past,

1) unfinished (in progress)2) have recently stopped, finished!

3

Use of Present Perfect ContinuousUse of Present Perfect Continuous

1) Duration from the Past Until Now

- started in the past

- unfinished, still in progress

- w/ the duration (for, since, all day, how long…?)

Samples: Samples: Duration of the action Duration of the action from the past until now (unfinished) from the past until now (unfinished)

They have been fighting since 9:00 pm.(until now they haven’t stopped fighting yet)

She has been watching TV all day long.(She started watching TV since 7 am. until now 10 pm.)

Why has the earth been getting warmer for these five years?

Now, it’s 10:00 pm

4

Use of Present Perfect ContinuousUse of Present Perfect Continuous

2) Recently, Lately

- started in the past

- just finished, recently stopped

- use "lately" or "recently"to emphasize the meaning of ‘lately’

- w/o the duration

Samples: Samples: Duration of the action from the past and Duration of the action from the past and has just finished (recently, lately finished) has just finished (recently, lately finished)

•Nancy have been waiting for Mike for half an hour!(But she’s not waiting anymore because he has come)

Look at her eyes! I'm sure she has been crying.(Now she’s stopped crying but her eyes is getting red.)

Kimura has been feeling a little depressed. (He has been unhappy in the last few days but nowhe seems happy because he’s taking a long holiday.

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Use: 2) Use: 2) Recently, LatelyRecently, Lately

IMPORTANT!!!"Have you been feeling alright?"

"Have you been smoking?"

Using this tense in a question suggests you can see, smell, hear or feel the results of the action.

It is possible to insult someone by using this tense incorrectly.

Present Perfect SimplePresent Perfect Simple

oror

Present Perfect ContinuousPresent Perfect Continuous

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Present Perfect Simple or ContinuousPresent Perfect Simple or Continuous

• Duration (how long)

• Emphasis on duration

• Unwanted side effect

• Temporary

• ‘since’ the beginning

• Signal words = how long, since, for

• Result (what, how often)

• Emphasis on completion

• Desired result

• Permanent

• ‘since’ the last time

• Signal words = how often?

Present Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Simple

NOTE!NOTE!

Verbs of states, senses, and brain work are usually only used in Present Perfect Simple

state: be, have (for possession only)

senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch

brain work: believe, know, think, understand

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HOMEWORKHOMEWORK

1. 7A Grammar Exercise: 1, 2, 3 (p.67)

2. 7B Grammar Exercise: 1 (p.71)

3. 7B Reading “Maria Pettigrew”:- Exercise 1 (p.70)- Exercise 3 (p.71)