Storage ring EDM experiments and a challenge Yannis Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS … · 2016-12-28 ·...
Transcript of Storage ring EDM experiments and a challenge Yannis Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS … · 2016-12-28 ·...
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Storage ring EDM experiments and a challenge
Yannis Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS and KAIST
Proton, deuteron, electron • Storage ring p,e,d EDMs @
<10-29e-cm level • Probing NP ~103-104 TeV
• Status of the storage ring
precision physics: good! 1
4 November 2015 EINN 2015, Paphos, Cyprus
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Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research: CAPP/IBS at KAIST, Korea
• Completely new (green-field) Center dedicated to Axion Dark Matter Research and Storage Ring EDMs/g-2. KAIST campus.
CERN Courier, Dec. 2013
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Center for Axion and Precision Physics research. Established 15 October, 2013 at KAIST.
IBS President Prof. Doochul Kim
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Korea, New Initiative in Basic Sciences
• Economy is based on technology, exports • They realized they need to invest in long term-
basic science. • They established the Institute for Basic
Science, modeled after the Max Planck Institutes
• Foreigners are welcome, opening up the society/economy, Institutes.
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Korea, KAIST in Daejeon
• Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, >10,000 students
• Foreigners are very welcome • All courses are taught in English
• KAIST President wish list: 10% foreign faculty,
10% women faculty, 10% foreign students
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Center for Axion and Precision Physics KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
Peninsula by day
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An “island” by night
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Center for Axion and Precision Physics KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
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Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP) http://capp.ibs.re.kr/html/capp_en/
CAPP / IBS, October 2014 10
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CAPP / IBS, May 2015
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CAPP-Physics • Establish Experimental Particle Physics group.
Involved in important physics questions: • Strong CP problem • Cosmic Frontier (Dark Matter axions) • Storage ring proton EDM (most sensitive
hadronic EDM experiment, flavor conserving CP-violation, BAU)
• Muon g-2; muon to electron conversion (flavor physics)
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CAPP/IBS’s Physics goals address some of the most important issues
https://www.quantamagazine.org
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Status in HEP-NP 1. LHC discovered the Higgs
2. No sight of SUSY yet at LHC (~1TeV)
3. No EDM discovered so far (fine tuning ~1%)
4. What’s next?
15
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A balanced approach is best…!
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Physics of EDM of
fundamental particles.
Proton EDM: >103 TeV for SUSY-like
New Physics
Nima Arkani-Hamed, Intensity Frontier, Rockville, 2011
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Storage Ring Muon g-2: Rigorous Test of the
Standard Model
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Spin Precession Rate at Rest
There is a large asymmetry in this equation: μ is relatively large, d is compatible with zero
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Breakthrough concept: Freezing the horizontal spin precession due to E-field
Muon g-2 focusing is electric: The spin precession due to E-field is zero at “magic” momentum (3.1GeV/c for muons, 0.7 GeV/c for protons,…)
The “magic” momentum concept was used in the muon g-2 experiments at CERN, BNL, and …next at FNAL.
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Yannis Semertzidis, BNL
• The Muon Storage Ring: B ≈ 1.45T, Pμ ≈ 3 GeV/c
•Previous muon g-2 Experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory
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The electric focusing does not influence the g-2 precession rate
Spin Precession in g-2 Ring (Top View)
m
Bmeaa
rr=w
Momentum vector
Spin vector
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Yannis Semertzidis, BNL
4 Billion e+ with E>2GeV
( )[ ]aa
t
tAeNdtdN fwt ++=-
cos1/ 0
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Yannis Semertzidis
Comparison of Theory/Experiment
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The muon g-2 coil moved to Fermilab for more intense beam
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E989 muon g-2 collaboration
Sep 15, 2015 [email protected] 27
CAPP/IBS
Collaboration meeting, Nov. 2014
CAPPers
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Fundamental particle EDM: study of CP-violation beyond
the Standard Model
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Electric Dipole Moments: P and T-violating when // to spin
T-violation: assuming CPT cons. à CP-violation
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Why is there so much matter after the Big Bang:
We see:
From the SM:
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Purcell and Ramsey: “The question of the possible existence of an electric dipole moment of a nucleus or of an
elementary particle…becomes a purely experimental matter”
- p. 31/28
Phys. Rev. 78 (1950)
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Measuring an EDM of Neutral Particles H = -(d E+ μ B) ● I/I
mI = 1/2
mI = -1/2
ω1 ω2 d
E B
12 2ω = B dEm +
h
1ωµ d µ
E B
2ω2 2= B dEm -
h
2ω
2=E
( )1d4
ω -ωh d = 10-29 e cm E = 100 kV/cm
w = 5 nrad/s Þ 32
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A charged particle between Electric Field plates would be lost right away…
- +
+
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34 B. Morse
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35
K. Kirch
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36
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Key Features of nEDM@SNS • Sensitivity: ~2x10-28 e-cm, 100 times better than existing limit • In-situ Production of UCN in superfluid helium (no UCN transport) • Polarized 3He co-magnetometer
– Also functions as neutron spin precession monitor via spin-dependent n-3He capture cross section using wavelength-shifted scintillation light in the LHe
– Ability to vary influence of external B-fields via “dressed spins” • Extra RF field allows synching of n & 3He relative precession frequency
• Superconducting Magnetic Shield • Two cells with opposite E-field • Control of central-volume temperature
– Can vary 3He diffusion (mfp)- big change in geometric phase effect on 3He
37 Arguably the most ambitious of all neutron EDM experiments
Brad Filippone
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3He ATOMIC BEAM SOURCE
3He DILUTION REFRIGERATOR
CENTRAL DETECTOR
SYSTEM
MAGNETIC SHIELD HOUSE
Neutron beam is into page
SNS-nEDM Experiment
38
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History/Status of nEDM@SNS • 2011: NSAC Neutron Subcommittee • 2013: Critical R&D successfully demonstrated • 2014-2017: Critical Component Demonstration
(CCD) phase begun – Build working, full-scale, prototypes of technically-
challenging subsystems (use these in the full experiment) – 4yr NSF proposal for 6.5M$ CCD funded – DOE commitment of ≈ 1.8M$/yr for CCD
• 2018-2020: Large scale Integration and Conventional Component Procurement
• 2021: Begin Commissioning and Data-taking
39
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Schiff moment of 225Ra, Dobaczewski, Engel, PRL (2005) Schiff moment of 199Hg, Dobaczewski, Engel et al., PRC (2010)
Isoscalar Isovector
Skyrme SIII 300 4000
Skyrme SkM* 300 2000
Skyrme SLy4 700 8000
Enhancement Factor: EDM (225Ra) / EDM (199Hg)
• Closely spaced parity doublet – Haxton & Henley, PRL (1983)
• Large Schiff moment due to octupole deformation – Auerbach, Flambaum & Spevak, PRL (1996)
• Relativistic atomic structure (225Ra / 199Hg ~ 3) – Dzuba, Flambaum, Ginges, Kozlov, PRA (2002)
EDM of 225Ra enhanced and more reliably calculated
Y- = (|añ - |bñ)/Ö2 Y+ = (|añ + |bñ)/Ö2
55 keV
|añ |bñ
Parity doublet y y y y
¹
= +-å 0 0
0 0
ˆ ˆ_ . .z i i PT
i i
S HSchiff moment c c
E E
“[Nuclear structure] calculations in Ra are almost certainly more reliable than those in Hg.” – Engel, Ramsey-Musolf, van Kolck, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. (2013) Constraining parameters in a global EDM analysis. – Chupp, Ramsey-Musolf, arXiv1407.1064 (2014)
Z.T. Lu
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• Efficient use of the rare 225Ra atoms • High electric field (> 100 kV/cm) • Long coherence time (~ 100 s) • Negligible “v x E” systematic effect
EDM measurement on 225Ra in a trap
Transverse cooling
Oven: 225Ra
Zeeman Slower Magneto-optical
Trap (MOT)
Optical dipole trap (ODT)
EDM measurement
225Ra: I = ½
t1/2 = 15 d Collaboration of Argonne, Kentucky, Michigan State
Statistical uncertainty
100 kV/cm 10% 100 s 106
100 d
Long-term goal: dd = 3 x 10-28 e cm
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Radium EDM Data
dRa-225 = (-0.5 ± 2.5stat ± 0.2syst) × 10-22 e-cm |dRa-225| < 5.0 × 10-22 e-cm (95% confidence)
R. H. Parker et al., submitted (2015)
Oct. 2014 Dec. 2014
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The TUM EDM experiment
- Initially a ‘conventional’ Ramsey experiment - UCN trapped at room temperature, ultimately cryogenic trap - Double chamber with co-magnetometer option - 199Hg, Cs, 129Xe, 3He, SQUID magnetometers - Portable and modular setup, including magnetically shielded room - Ultimate goal: 10-28 ecm sensitivity, staged approach (syst. and stat.)
I. Altarev et al., Il Nuovo Cimento 35 C 122 (2012)
Double chamber in SF6 container Modular shield setup
nedm.ph.tum.de
P. Fierlinger
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Most hardware built & tested E.g.: passive magnetic shielding factor > 6 million @ 1 mHz (without ext. compensation coils!)
I.Altarev et al., arXiv:1501.07408 I. Altarev et al., , arXiv:1501.07861
- The smallest gradients over an extended volume ever realized: < 50 pT / m stable gradient over EDM cell volume
- Residual field drift < 5 fT in typical Ramsey cycle time
- Hg and Cs magnetometry on < 20 fT level:
- Basically all magnetic field related systematics under control 1.5m
Cs sensor head assembly
Raw 199-Hg FPD signal
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No Physics breakthrough from anywhere…
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Alex Pomarol, CERN & UAB
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We need to …rescue Physics!!
Storage Ring Proton EDM: several orders improvement in
the study of CP-violation beyond the Standard Model
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Proton storage ring EDM experiment is combination of beam + a trap
48 B. Morse
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Storage ring EDM method
Or… how do you turn a weakness into an opportunity?
49
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Stored beam: The radial E-field force is balanced by the centrifugal force.
E
E E
E
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The Electric Dipole Moment precesses in an Electric field
Yannis Semertzidis
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Yannis Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST 52
The proton EDM uses an ALL-ELECTRIC ring: spin is aligned with the momentum vector
0=awr
Momentum vector
Spin vector
E
E E
E
at the magic momentum
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Example: The proton EDM ring
Weak vertical focusing Stronger horizontal focusing
Total circumference: 300 m Bending radius: 40 m E: 10 MV/m
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JLab E-field breakthrough
üLarge grain Nb, no detectable dark current up to 18 MV/m and 3cm plate gap. üTiN coated Al plates reach high E-field strength
• JLab to test large surface plates
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JLab results with TiN-coated Aluminum No measureable field emission at 225 kV for gaps > 40 mm, happy at high gradient
Bare Al
TiN-coated Al
the hard coating covers defects
Work of Md. A. Mamun and E. Forman 15 MV/m 20 MV/m
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Matt Poelker, JLab
We need <10 MV/m for 30mm plate separation
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The proton EDM ring (alternate gradient)
Straight sections are instrumented with quads, BPMs, polarimeters, injection points, etc, as needed.
Requirements: Weak vertical focusing (B-field sensitivity) Below transition (reduce IBS)
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The proton EDM ring evaluation Val Lebedev (Fermilab)
Beam intensity 1011 protons limited by IBS
, kV
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Extraction: lowering the vertical focusing strength
“defining aperture” polarimeter target
RLRL
H +-
=e
UDUD
V +-
=e
carries EDM signal increases slowly with time
carries in-plane (g-2) precession signal
pEDM polarimeter principle (placed in a straight section in the ring): probing the proton spin components as a function of storage time
Micro-Megas detector, GEMs, MRPC or Si.
Brantjes et al., NIMA 2012.
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Large polarimeter analyzing power at Pmagic!
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Spin Coherence Time: need ~103 s • Not all particles have same deviation from
magic momentum, or same horizontal and vertical divergence (all second order effects)
• They cause a spread in the g-2 frequencies:
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• Present design parameters allow for 103 s. • Much longer SCT with thermal mixing (S.C.)?
22 2
a x ydPd a b cP
w J J æ ö= + + ç ÷è ø
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Martin Gaisser/CAPP
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Martin Gaisser/CAPP
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Martin Gaisser/CAPP
Sextupole strength
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Martin Gaisser/CAPP
Sextupole strength
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Proton Statistical Error (230MeV):
tp : 103s Polarization Lifetime (Spin Coherence Time) A : 0.6 Left/right asymmetry observed by the polarimeter P : 0.8 Beam polarization Nc : 1011p/cycle Total number of stored particles per cycle TTot: 107s Total running time per year f : 1% Useful event rate fraction (efficiency for EDM) ER : 7 MV/m Average radial electric field strength
σd = 1.0×10-29 e-cm / year
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Systematic errors
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Clock-wise (CW) & Counter-Clock-wise Storage
Simultaneous proton-proton storage Total current: zero. Any radial magnetic field in the ring sensed by the stored particles will cause their vertical splitting.
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Distortion of the closed orbit due to Nth-harmonic of radial B-field
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Y(ϑ)
Time [s]
Clockwise beam
Counter-clockwise beam
The N=0 component is a first order effect!
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SQUID BPM to sense the vertical beam splitting at 1-10kHz
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Total noise of (65) commercially available SQUID gradiometers at KRISS
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From YongHo Lee’s group KRISS/South Korea
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Peter Fierlinger, Garching/Munich
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Under development by Selcuk Haciomeroglu at CAPP. Need absolute field: <0.5nT Need gradient field: <0.1nT/m
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Peter Fierlinger, Garching/Munich
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Shipped to Korea for integration
Achieved so far: Absolute field: <0.5nT Gradient field: <2.0nT/m Almost there!
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What has been accomplished? üPolarimeter systematic errors (with beams at
KVI, and stored beams at COSY). üPrecision beam/spin dynamics tracking. üStable lattice, IBS lifetime: ~104s (Lebedev, FNAL)
üSpin coherence time 103 s; role of sextupoles understood (using stored beams at COSY). üFeasibility of required electric field strength
>10 MV/m, 3cm plate separation (JLab, FNAL) üAnalytic estimation of electric fringe fields and
precision beam/spin dynamics tracking. Stable! ü(Paper already published or in progress.) 73
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Major characteristics of a successful Electric Dipole Moment Experiment
• Statistical power: – High intensity beams – Long beam lifetime – Long Spin Coherence Time
• An indirect way to cancel B-field effect • A way to cancel geometric phase effects • Control detector systematic errors • Manageable E-field strength, negligible dark current
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Electric Dipole Moments in Magnetic Storage Rings
Yannis Semertzidis
e.g. 1 T corresponds to 300 MV/m for relativistic particles
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Storage ring proton EDM method
• All-electric storage ring. Strong radial E-field to confine protons with “magic” momentum. The spin vector is aligned to momentum horizontally.
• High intensity, polarized proton beams are injected Clockwise and Counter-clockwise with positive and negative helicities. Great for systematics
• Great statistics: up to ~1011 particles with primary proton beams and small phase-space parameters. 76
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PAC/Snowmass strong endorsement • BNL PAC on EDM proposal (2008): “enthusiastic endorsement
of the physics…need to demonstrate feasibility of systems”
• Snowmass writeup: “…Ultimately the interpretability of possible EDMs in terms of underlying sources of CP violation may prove sharpest in simple systems such as neutron and proton,…”
• FNAL PAC EDM EOI (2012): “The Physics case for such a measurement is compelling since models with new physics at the TeV scale (e.g., low energy SUSY) that have new sources of CP-violation can give contributions of this order…. The PAC recommends that Fermilab and Brookhaven management work together, and with potential international partners, to find a way for critical R&D for this promising experiment to proceed.”
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In 2014 we have received the P5 endorsement for the proton EDM experiment under all funding scenarios!
P5: Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel setup by DOE and NSF. It took more than a year for the HEP community to come up with the report.
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Marciano, CM9/KAIST/Korea, Nov 2014
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CP-violation phase from Higgs
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Marciano
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Two different labs could host the storage ring EDM experiments
• AGS/BNL, USA: proton “magic” (simpler) ring
• COSY/IKP, Jülich/Germany: deuteron or a combination ring
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Various options for EDM@COSY, Juelich
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Technically driven pEDM timeline
• Two years systems development (R&D); CDR; ring design, TDR, installation
• CDR by end of 2016
• Proposal to a lab: fall 2017
2014 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
84 Yannis Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
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Let’s indulge on proton sensitivity • Spin coherence time (104 seconds), stochastic
cooling-thermal mixing, … • Higher beam intensity, smaller IBS
• Reliable E-field 15 MV/m with negligible dark
current • >5% efficient polarimeter, run longer
• Potential gain >102 in statistical sensitivity:
~10-30-10-31 e-cm! 85
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J.M.Pendlebury and E.A. Hinds, NIMA 440 (2000) 471 e-cm
Gray: Neutron Red: Electron
n current
n target
Sensitivity to Rule on Several New Models
e current
e target p, d target
If found it could explain Baryogenesis (p, d, n, 3He)
Much higher physics reach than LHC; complementary
Statistics limited
1st upgrade
Electron EDM new physics reach: 1-3 TeV
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Physics strength comparison (Marciano)
System Current limit [e×cm]
Future goal Neutron equivalent
Neutron <1.6×10-26 ~10-28 10-28
199Hg atom
<3×10-29
10-25-10-26
129Xe atom <6×10-27 ~10-30-10-33
10-26-10-29
Deuteron nucleus
~10-29 3×10-29- 5×10-31
Proton nucleus
<7×10-25 ~10-29-10-30
10-29-10-30
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EDM status
• The EDM experiments are gearing up, getting ready:
• 199Hg EDM <10-29 e-cm sensitivity, imminent
• nEDM at PSI 10-26 e-cm sensitivity, 2015 - 2017 • nEDM at PSI 10-27 e-cm sensitivity, 2018 - …
• nEDM at SNS ~2×10-28 e-cm starting data
taking 2021
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EDM status (cont’d)
• ThO, current limit on eEDM: 10-28 e-cm, next ×10 improvement.
• TUM nEDM effort, making progress in B-field shielding, met B-field specs. It moves to ILL in 2015, goal: 10-28 e-cm, staged approach, starting in 2016.
• 225Ra EDM, ~5×10-22 e-cm now, ~3×10-28 e-cm w/ FRIB
• Storage ring EDM: p,dEDM goals ~10-29 e-cm Strength: statistics. Proton w/ upgrade ~10-30 e-cm
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The Storage Ring electron EDM! What can we learn from it?
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Build an electron storage ring 1. Electron magic momentum: 15MeV/c. Small ring
(R=2.5 m) required, cost about 10% of proton, i.e. ~$5M.
2. Start simple. Run it with CW and CCW stored beams (all-electric) at magic momentum. Simulate storage ring proton EDM. Limited Physics reach on eEDM. Great for systematics studies on the Storage ring proton EDM.
3. Run it in spin-wheel mode with resonant electron-polarimeter at magic momentum (R. Talman, arXiv:1508.04366).
4. EDM sensitivity (if limited by systematics: B-field stability) <10-27e.cm, possibly much better.
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• High precision experiments: deuteron, electron, proton are finding host labs
• Complementary approach to: – LHC in Europe – ILC in Japan – Very large hadron collider (SppC) in China – Neutrino Physics in the USA
Storage ring EDM
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Summary • Storage ring EDM effort is timely
• Can start simple, with all electric eEDM ring,
study all-electric ring concepts, apply to proton.
• Ultimate sensitivity for e, p, d < 10-29-10-30 e-cm
• SUSY-like physics reach: 103-104TeV, it can show the way ahead.
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The challenge
• The electron EDM experiment needs an efficient polarimeter at 15MeV/c. FOM = \sqrt(f A2) > 0.01.
• Young scientist positions (YS) at IBS/Korea: 300M KRW/year for five years! Great salary/benefits.
• Senior scientist positions (SS) at IBS/Korea: 500M KRW/year for three years! Great salary/benefits.
94 http://www.ibs.re.kr/eng/sub04_04_01.do
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Extra slides
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Storage Ring EDM Collaboration • Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki/Greece • Research Inst. for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk/Belarus • Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY/USA • Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk/Russia • Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK • Cornell University, Ithaca, NY/USA • Institut für Kernphysik and Jülich Centre for Hadron Physics Forschungszentrum
Jülich, Jülich/Germany • Institute of Nuclear Physics Demokritos, Athens/Greece • University and INFN Ferrara, Ferrara/Italy • Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, Frascati/Italy • Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna/Russia • Indiana University, Indiana/USA • Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul/Turkey • University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts/USA • Michigan State University, East Lansing, Minnesota/USA • Dipartimento do Fisica, Universita’ “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Rome/Italy • University of Patras, Patras/Greece • CEA, Saclay, Paris/France • KEK, High Energy Accel. Res. Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan • University of Virginia, Virginia/USA
>20 Institutions >80 Collaborators
http://www.bnl.gov/edm
96 Storage ring proton EDM proposal to DOE NP, Nov 2011
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Why now? • Exciting progress in electron EDM using molecules.
• Several neutron EDM experiments under
development to improve their sensitivity level.
• Proton EDM has large STATISTICAL sensitivity; great way to handle SYSTEMATICS.
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Fringe fields
1. E-field lattices with straight sections. The issues:
a) Multipoles b) Radial E-field (due to left-right asymmetry)
2. See Eric Metodiev et al., for a complete study
of fringe fields: Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 17 (2014) 5, 074002, available at http://journals.aps.org/prstab/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.17.074002
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Fringe fields
Electric fringe-fields from straight plates are left/right symmetric
Yannis Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST 99
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Fringe fields
Electric fringe-fields from bend plates are left/right asymmetric
Yannis Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST 100
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Fringe fields
1. We have solved the problem analytically (exactly) and have implemented the exact solution to the tracking program.
2. Time step used: 1-100ps.
3. Assumed infinitely high plates.
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Fringe fields, coordinate inversion
Yannis Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST 102
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Fringe fields, Getting the E-fields for tracking
Yannis Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST 103
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Fringe fields: to get stability
Biggest effect: cut off a θ=1mrad from every plate. (R0 ~ 40m, 16 sections)
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Fringe fields: radial displacement around the ring, 0.5 mm max.
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E-field plate module: Similar to the (26) FNAL Tevatron ES-separators
0.4 m
3 m
Beam position
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E-field plate module: Similar to the (26) FNAL Tevatron ES-separators
0.4 m
3 m
Beam position
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Why a large radius ring (sr pEDM)?
1. Electric field needed is moderate (≤10MV/m). New techniques with coated Aluminum is a cost savings opportunity.
2. Long horizontal Spin Coherence Time (SCT) w/out sextupoles. The EDM effect is acting for time ~SCT.
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Fine grain niobium
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Single crystal niobium
Field Emission from Niobium
Conventional High Voltage processing: solid data points After Krypton Processing: open data points
Work of M. BastaniNejad Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams, 15,
083502 (2012)
Field strength > 18 MV/m
Buffer chemical polish: less time consuming than diamond paste polishing
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EDMs of hadronic systems are mainly sensitive to
• Theta-QCD (part of the SM)
• CP-violating sources beyond the SM
Alternative simple systems are needed to be able to differentiate the CP-violating source (e.g. neutron, proton, deuteron,…).
pEDM at 10-29eücm is > an order of magnitude more sens. than the best current nEDM plans
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Storage ring electron EDM
• All electric ring: electron “magic” momentum: 15MeV/c – Originally proposed by Yuri Orlov, circa 2004 – Polarimeter was the major issue – Bill Morse developed on eEDM concepts, 2013 – Beam-beam scattering major issue (Valerie
Lebedev) – Richard Talman, 2015: use resonant polarimeter
combined with Koop’s spin wheel. Potentially a game changer…!
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Richard Talman’s electron polarimeter concept
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Derbenev’s electron polarimeter concept
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Derbenev’s electron polarimeter concept
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Opportunities for new collaborators
• Electric field strength issues for large surface plates, dark currents
• Beam-based alignment, E-field plate alignment (pot. syst. error source)
• Beam impedance issues (pot. syst. error source)
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Build an electron storage ring 1. Start simple. Run it with CW and CCW stored beams
(all-electric) at magic momentum. Simulate storage ring proton EDM. Limited Physics reach on eEDM. Great for systematics studies on the Storage ring proton EDM.
2. Run it in spin-wheel mode with resonant electron-polarimeter at magic momentum. EDM sensitivity (if limited by systematics: B-field stability) <10-27e.cm
3. Run it in combined electric and magnetic fields configuration below magic momentum. EDM sensitivity (if limited by systematics) <10-29e.cm
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What can we learn from a storage ring electron EDM: all electric
• Probe the free-electron EDM with high accuracy
• “Learn by doing”, a working prototype of a large ring. Install sextupoles to prolong SCT.
• Learn about E-field alignment issues as well as stability issues.
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What can we learn from a storage ring electron EDM: all electric
• Study fringe-field effects on SCT & storage time.
• Study wake field issues (beam impedance), coupled with RF-cavity misalignment.
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What can we learn from a storage ring electron EDM: all electric
• Store simultaneous CW & CCW beams. Modulate vertical focusing strength. Install SQUID-based BPMs. Study the effects of external B-fields (stability issues, detection sensitivity).
• Install B-field shielding and exercise feedback system (B-field cancellation system).
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What can we learn from a storage ring electron EDM: combined ring
• Study all issues related with combined E and B-fields, e.g., fringe-field effects, local cancellations, geometrical phases, low energy e-trapping… Test the storage ring deuteron EDM concepts!
• Probe the electron EDM with high accuracy, better than 10-29e.cm.