Stonehenge Hostel Reader

1Christopher Kellyk1000740

Studio 3.2Stonehenge Hostel

3Contents

Introduction

Stonehenge and Wiltshire

Site

Development, Precedent Studies and Research

Portable Spire

Thesis

Technical Drawings

Development

4The following document supports a portfolio that proposes a Hostel and associated buildings including a Community Hall, Cottage, Stables and Farrier Enclosure located in Stonehenge. The buildings are located 800m east of Stonehenge along an existing footpath/bridleway.

Thesis:

Stonehenge was most likely built by farmers and herders who would have had a strong reliance on animals especially horses.

My thesis is based on the theme of encouraging interaction between humans and horses, relating back to the ancient agricultural lifestyle of the Neolithic community.

I am proposing a hostel library to educate guests about the ancient landscape and motivate them to explore the wider context, rather than just Stonehenge it self.

5Architectural Intention

Pitched roofs are a common site in Wiltshire. In this proposal I have explored the articulation of pitched roofs which give the sense of a small village or community. The roof structure is formed of Oak trusses which are revealed internally. The oak trusses sit onto brick walls which are also revealed internally. Thin cast iron columns support the span of the trusses.

Externally the building is clad with wide oak panels which give the building organic qualities which allow it to exist without disturbing the natural context. The fixed windows sit between horizontal bands of

locally sourced flint stones set into mortar.

Copper is a dominating material used throughout the proposal. It is used as a roof cladding as it provides an economical, long-term roofing

solution. Its low life cycle costs are attributable to the low maintenance, long life and salvage value of copper. Through its natural weathering process, the warm bronze colour turns to an elegant green finish.

Copper is also used on the door furniture and other internal finishes,

this is due to its antiseptic qualities. As this proposal is based around the human relationship with horses, there does not want to be an issue with bacteria and germs.

The existing footpath/bridleway is lined by a dry clunch wall. Clunch stone is locally found in the Stonehenge area. This wall continues to form the boundary for the paddock and then continues again to form the farrier enclosure.

6British Isles Wiltshire

7In terms of archaeological importance, Stonehenge is one of the most important

places in the world for studying the neolithic period. The world heritage site

of stonehenge and surrounding sites includes many examples of well preserved structures and landscapes that were used

for temples, burial grounds, landmarks, calendars, defences and with some uses

still currently unknown.

Stonehenge itself represents over 800 years of construction from a defensive ditch

to wooden structure to an assemblage of stones sourced from both 19 miles

and 150 miles away. It demonstrates the sophistication, ambition and foresight of

iron and bronze age man.

The surrounding world heritage site of 2600 hectares contains innumerable cases of

different sites also important to this period.

Scale 1:10000Christopher KellyKingston University

Nov 21, 2012 01:58

Crown copyright/database right 2012. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.

In terms of archaeological impor-tance, Stonehenge is one of the most important places in the world for studying the neolithic period. The world heritage site of Stonehenge and surrounding sites includes many examples of well preserved structures and landscapes that were used for temples, burial grounds, landmarks, calendars, defenses and with some uses still currently unknown.

Stonehenge itself represents over 800 years of construction from a defen-sive ditch to wooden structure to an assemblage of stones sourced from both 19 miles and 150 miles away. It demonstrates the sophistication, am-bition and foresight of iron and bronze age man.

The surrounding world heritage site of 2600 hectares contains innumerable cases of different sites also important to this period.

Stonehenge World Heritage Site

8These two ancient sites are over 15 miles away from each other. It is very likely that they would have been related to each other thousands of years ago. But gradually the connection has dwindled and there is no clear route connecting them. This is probably due to their decreasing insignificance.

As it stands they are partly separated by a large area of MOD land which is not very accessible. None the less, it seems wrong not to connect these sites as part of my wider landscape proposal. This has already been attempted by a group called the Friends of the Ridgeway who have planned a long walk from Avebury to Stonehenge.

I came to notice many bridleways on an ordinance survey map of the area. I also discovered when travelling between the two world heritage sites a large white chalk horse on a hill in Pewsey.

There is a clear love of horses in Wiltshire, therefore an appropriate way to connect the sites would be a planned bridleway bypassing all three white chalk horses (as indicated on the map).

Pewsey White Horse

Alton Barnes White Horse

Marlborough White Horse

Avebury WHS

Marlborough White Horse

Alton Barnes White Horse

Pewsey White Horse

9West Kennet Long Barrow

I have sketched ancient sites in Wiltshire in order to understand the wider context of the site.

West Kennet Long Barrow is a Neolithic tomb, it is built from stone and split into chambers. It is formed underneath a mount of earth. I sketched it in plan and section by pacing out the approximate measurements.

In section it formed a very interesting cut into the ground. The interior was lined with dry stone. The plan seems to me to have adopted the shape of something organic growing from the ground. Perhaps this interesting concept could feed into my spire proposal project.

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I undertook a small light study inside Salisbury Cathedral. I drew an elevation and section of a niche at 2:00pm. This analysis has helped me develop my project and gain an understanding of natural light and the effect it has on crevices and the atmosphere of spaces.

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Ground Conditions - Avebury

Sketching in detail, interesting ground condition transformations in the town of Avebury WHS.

The granite setts have a rough texture and they weather very well. Changes in ground conditions define boundaries. In my proposal I have used different ground conditions which provide different experiences when walked on. Therefore define the activity that takes place on it.

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Phenomenon Sketching - Hogsmill River

Here I was interested in timing precise moment, focusing on a detail of a droplet of water falling into the river.

I found this particular element interesting because I found the beauty in something ordinary.

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Location: A section of the Hogsmill River next to Kingston Universi-ties Middle Mill Halls of Reesidence.

Natural Phenominom: A droplet of water falling 200mm from a water pipe into Hogsmill River at 1:59 2 October 2012 recurring every 2 seconds.

Time taken for phenominom to take place - 30 millisecondsDistance of change of phenominom - 200mm

Section A - The distance the droplet fallsScale: 1:5

1:59:09:11 - Droplet of water begins to fall...

1:59:09:46 - Droplet splashes into the river...

B

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Flow of river

Natural Phenominom: A droplet of water falling 200mm from a water pipe into Hogsmill River at 1:59 2 October 2012

Maximum span of the footprint of the droplet - 843mmPlan B - The footprint of the droplet

Scale: 1:5

A

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370 3020 260

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843

Flow of river

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Christopher KellyAxonometric

Scale: 1:5






AxonometricScale: 1:5



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The Site

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Key

Stonehenge + The Avenue

Barrow

Cursus

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1

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645

7

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9+10

1. The Lesser Cursus

2. The Cursus

3. The Cursus Barrows

4. Stonehenge

5. New King Barrows

6. The Avenue

7. Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Barrows

8. Normanton Down Barrows

9. Woodhenge

10 Durrington Walls

Historical Monuments 1:15000

Key

Stonehenge + The Avenue

Barrow

Cursus

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645

7

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9+10

1. The Lesser Cursus

2. The Cursus

3. The Cursus Barrows

4. Stonehenge

5. New King Barrows

6. The Avenue

7. Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Barrows

8. Normanton Down Barrows

9. Woodhenge

10 Durrington Walls

Historical Monuments 1:15000

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The Avenue leads from the main entrance of Stone-henge and tracks the original path of the transportation of the stones. Little trace remains, but the site is still of archaeological importance. When approaching stone-henge from the avenue the view is partially hidden lead-ing to a dramatic reveal.

Stonehenge itself is cut off from its landscape by the A303 road. The car park it leads to and the road itself is very busy and detached from the soft sloping landscape of the site.

The barrows contain the remains of the great and rich from the iron and bronze ages. Items of gold and pottery were found buried with the remains.

Woodhenge and Durrington Walls are sited north east from Stonehenge. The concrete posts represent the posts of a tall henge the was used as a sacred space. The land surrounding leads to a huge defensive mound called Durrington walls which protected the henge from intrusion.

A cursus is a long earthwork surrounded by a shallow ditch that sits in the landscape.A rare monument, its function is unknown but has been attributed in the past to Roman chariot racing because of its long track like appearance.

Photographic Study of Stonehenge surroundings

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Nov 21, 2012 01:26Scale 1:10000

Stonehenge

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 m

Nov 21, 2012 01:29Scale 1:10000

1900s

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 m

Nov 21, 2012 01:31Scale 1:10000

1920s

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 m

Nov 21, 2012 01:33Scale 1:10000

1970s

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 m

Historical Maps 1880, 1900, 1920, 1970

Historical Maps 1880, 1900, 1920, 1970

It is noticeable that the landscape has not changed much in over 100 years. This may be due to the fact that it is hard to get planning regulation in such a historic landscape.

21Existing Site Plan - Contours

Scale 1:2500

The landscape is formed of gentle undulating hills. The lowest point is a 25m deep valley between Stonehenge and the long king barrows.

Stonehenge

Long King Barrows

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Stonehenge

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Long King Barrows

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Existing Site Plan Scale 1:2500

Existing Site Section Scale 1:2500

25Site Model

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Development, Precedent Studies and Research

Left:

Inspiration

A precedent study for this proposal is a Victorian warehouse in Shropshire. The rough brick interior has a beautiful rawness about it. It seems to be weathered, almost as if the building has been turned inside out.

The rich timber roof is lightly sitting on the thick solid brick wall. Thin cast iron columns seem to be pinning the light roof structure down instead of holding it up. This abstract view is explored in this proposal.

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Development Roof Model

Experimenting with the articulation of pitched roofs in multiple directions.

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Development Roof Model

Modelling the Victorian warehouse structure

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Within a 10 mile radius from Stonehenge there are over 12 communities that are involved with horses.

Stonehenge

1. Pewsay Vale Riding Centre2. Manor Farm Livery Yard3. Pegasus Riding School4. Amport Riding School5. Hill Top Equestrian6. Greenacres Riding School7. Tate S E Riding School8. Grovely Riding Center9. Clarendon Stud Riding School10. White Horse Trekking Riding School11. God Unlimited Riding12. West Lavington Equestrian

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Farriers

A horseshoe is normally made of metal and is designed to protect a horse's hoof from wear.

The fitting of horseshoes is a professional occupation, conducted by a farrier, who specializes in the preparation of feet, assessing potential lameness issues, and fitting appropriate shoes. In the United Kingdom, horseshoeing is illegal to perform without specific qualifications and experience.

The most common horseshoe materials are steel and aluminium, but specialized shoes may include use of rubber, plastic, magnesium, titanium, or copper.

The Process of Shoeing:

- Old shoes are removed using pincers

- The hoof walls are trimmed to the desired length with nippers

- The sole of the hoof with is shaped with a hoof knife

- Shoes are then measured to the foot and bent to the correct shape by placing the metal in a forge before bending it on an anvil. This method gives a better fit

- The hot shoes are put into water to cool

- The shoes are nailed into the hoof wall at the white line of the hoof.

- Sharp points of the nailed are cut using a clinch cutter

- A rasp is used to smooth the edge where it meets the shoe and eliminate any sharp edges left from cutting off the nails.

Pincers

Rasp

Hoof Knife

Clinch Cutter

Forge Anvil and Hammer

The forge is used by the farrier to heat a metal horse shoe so it becomes malleable in order to shape it to the particular horse.

A forge typically uses bituminous coal, industrial coke or charcoal as the fuel to heat metal. It is a fire that can be controlled be a particular balance of air, fuel, and shape of the fuel/fire.

Features of a forge:

Tuyere a pipe through which air can be forced into the fireBellows or blower a means for forcing air into the tuyereHearth a place where the burning fuel can be contained over or against the tuyere opening.

During operation, fuel is placed in or on the hearth and ignited. A source of moving air, such as a fan or bellows, introduces additional air into the fire through the tuyere.

Moving Air

Ash Out

Source of air

HearthBurning Coal

Capstone

Larger stones span both rows to increase strength

Two rows of stones

Dry Stone Walls

Dry stone walls are constructed from stones without any mortar to bind them together. Dry stone structures are stable because of their heavy weight and carefully selected interlocking stones. The wall/fence that surround horses need to be at least 1450mm high.

Scale 1:50

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Kizhi Pogost - Investigation

I have investigated a landmark wooden structure - Kizhi Pogost Russian Church. Specifically looking at the construction techniques and showing them in models and drawings.

The Kizhi Pogost Russian church is made from logs that are inter-joined. The building transforms from a cruciform shape in plan to an octagonal shape.

Kizhi Pogost Structural Model

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Kizhi Pogost Other inspirational models from the studio Kizhi Pogost Onion Dome Structure

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Kizhi Pogost Plan 1:200 Kizhi Pogost Section 1:200

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Red Lion Hotel, SalisburyExternal Space StudyCourtyard Area : 588 sq m Scale: 1:1500

This courtyard is an obvious example of an external room. The area is lined by high walls on all sides. Here you feel safe and protected from the ele-ments. Tables and chairs clutter the floor space and plants grow up the walls. The vast amount of plants and bushes make the space feel more organic.

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Tithe Barn, Bradford Upon AvonHall Space StudyInternal Area: 566 sq m Scale: 1:1000

I have looked at the Tithe Barn not just a study of a community hall but as an arrangement of buildings.

The buildings are very spread out but they all seem to be surrounding and feeding the view towards the Tithe Barn.

The size of the Tithe barn is a lot larger than an acceptable size for Stonehenge.

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Tithe Barn Elevations 1:200

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Tithe Barn Plan 1:200

Tithe Barn Roof Plan 1:200

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Tithe Barn Plan 1:200

Tithe Barn Roof Plan 1:200

Milford Hill House Youth Hostel, SalisburyHostel and associated building area studyTotal Area: 670 sq m Scale: 1:1500

The main focus of this arrangement of buildings is the very old large tree. The image gives the sense of a peaceful, natural environment.

Adding trees and other greenery to create boundaries is an issue I have thought about in my proposal.

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The development of site massing models

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Development model exploring internal spaces.

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Final Building Arrangement 1:500

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My proposal starts with a long dry clunch wall which runs along an existing footpath/bridleway from the main road. This

wall eventually forms a cluster of buildings. The wall forms the boundary for the horse paddock and also forms the

farrier enclosure and forge.

The hostel has views down the valley and onto Stonehenge.

Proposed Site Plan 1:5000

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StablesFarrier EnclosureHorse Paddock2 Person Bedroom4 Person Bedroom4 Person Bedroom4 Person Bedroom2 Person BedroomCommon RoomReceptionLibraryPlant Room + RiserDisabled ToiletFemale Toilet/WashroomMale Toilet/Washroom4 Person Bedroom4 Person Bedroom2 Person BedroomCommunity HallToiletsKitchenetteOpen Plan CottageSingle Bedroom6 Person Bedroom2 Person BedroomLibrary First FloorFemale ToiletMale ToiletDining/Viewing AreaStaff Kitchen/Catering AreaShared Kitchen

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.

Ground Floor 1:500 First Floor 1:500 Second Floor 1:500

N

Floor Plans 1:500

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StablesFarrier EnclosureHorse Paddock2 Person Bedroom4 Person Bedroom4 Person Bedroom4 Person Bedroom2 Person BedroomCommon RoomReceptionLibraryPlant Room + RiserDisabled ToiletFemale Toilet/WashroomMale Toilet/Washroom4 Person Bedroom4 Person Bedroom2 Person BedroomCommunity HallToiletsKitchenetteOpen Plan CottageSingle Bedroom6 Person Bedroom2 Person BedroomLibrary First FloorFemale ToiletMale ToiletDining/Viewing AreaStaff Kitchen/Catering AreaShared Kitchen

I have explored a series of pitched roofs at different levels . These roofs are clad in copper sheeting. Copper was thought

of as a very precious new material in the Neolithic Era.

The buildings are orientated in such a way to direct the view and flow of people and horses towards the open landscape -

encouraging exploration.

Roof Plan 1:500

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Ground Floor Plan 1:200

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First Floor Plan 1:200

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Second Floor Plan 1:200

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Portable Spire

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Portable Spire : 9m High replica of Salisbury Cathedral Spire

Inside Salisburys stone spire, there is a complex medieval timber frame structure which allows ongoing maintenance of the stone work from the inside.

The original design had to be reworked so that the spire can stand without the outer stone cover-ing and to incorporate a means of taking it apart so it could be split into smaller units when being transported. It is made from wood sustainably sourced in Scotland.

The spire was constructed primarily for temporary installations, with the view that it could be as-sembled in many places, many times.

An A-frame was constructed to raise the spire after lots of discussions on deciding the appropriate lifting method. We wanted to celebrate the action of lifting.

Salisbury Cathedral Spire 1:50 Plan and Section Salisbury Cathedral Spire DrawingRef. Amanpreet Buluar

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Construction of the A-Frame Lifting Device

Spire Construction Lifting Inspiration Lifting Inspiration Spire Displayed at Ecobuild

Preparing for the lift Lifting the Spire

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Thesis

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Axonometric of Proposal 1:200

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West Facing Elevation 1:200

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N

North Facing Elevation 1:100

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East Facing Elevation 1:100

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NSect

ion C

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Section/Elevation 1:100

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Sect

ion C

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Section Cut


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Section Cut

Section Perspective 1:100

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Section Cut


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Ground Condition Drawing 1:200

This drawing ties in with the ground condition study at Avebury mentioned earlier in this document.

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Internal artificial lighting comes from hanging lights made from copper. The hanging lights give the effect of lowering the tall ceiling to make the spaces feel more intimate.

In some spaces like the kitchens or bathrooms, LED spot lights are used. These lights use very little energy, give off a lot of light and last a long time.

The south facing court takes advantage of natural sunlight throughout the say.

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1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Trench is 300mm deep and 3 inches wider than the stones, it is filed with gravel2. The interlocking stones sit on the gravel to make up the walls3. Interlocking wooden beams fit into the walls to support the spire.4. Spire is made in 3 sections with male and female connections5. Copper sheeting is nailed to battens, each sheet over lapping the next to keep water out6. The spire is crane lifted onto the drystone walls and fixed onto the wooden beams.

Farrier Enclosure Construction Sequence

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Farrier Enclosure Elevation and Section 1:50

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We were fortunate to be able to get a tour of a working Bath Stone quarry in Wiltshire. We were taken underground to see the digging and the machinery used to mine the stone.

I have used this locally sourced stone as part of my roof structure of my community hall by proposing a bespoke joint. It rests on top of the columns and joins into the timber beam supporting the roof.

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Second Floor Viewing/Dining Area Interior Model

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Hostel Main Lobby Area Interior Model

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Buildings in context

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Buildings in Context

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Technical Drawings

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Oak Roof StructureBrick Wall StructureHorizontal and Vertical Battens for Timber PanelsCopper SheetingLarch Spire StructureDry Clunch WallOak Roof StructureCopper SheetingCast Iron ColumnFlints Set into MortarOak PanelsClunch Wall

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.

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The cladding is made from vertical modules of 430mm timber boards (3 x 145mm). There is a 20mm spacing between each module.

The size timber board modules including the 20mm spacings are in sync with the bricks. This is necessary to have the windows, bricks and timber board aligning in the same way on every part of the building.

The modules are attached to the primary structure with horizontal and vertical battens.

Plan showing the relationship between the sequence of brick and the sequence of timber

board modules. 1:20

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Construction Plan 1:20Community Hall

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1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

75 x 75 Oak3 x 145 Oak membersHorrizontal BattensVertical Battens13mm Timbervent BoardInsulationBricks in English BondOak Window FrameCast Iron Columns

Section Cut

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.


Construction Plan 1:50

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Construction Section 1:20Community Hall

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1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.

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25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.

Copper sheeting with standing seamsSeparating layer25 x 150 Timber boards25 x 50 Timber battens at 450 centres25 x 50 Counter-battens at 450 centres25 150 Timber BoardsWater/Wind proof layerRigid InsulationVapour Barrier3 Layer roofing felt guttersStainless steel gutter/flint bracket20mm Oak PanelsHorrizontal BattensVertical Battens13 mm Timbervent boardRigid InsulationStainless steel wall tiesFlit stones set into mortarBracket hooksStainless steel bracketBath stoneLoadbearing insulation blocks to prevent cold bridging, eg Marmox ThermoblockConcrete foundations75mm floating sand/cement screed with heating pipes and nominal reinforcementPolythene separating layer200mm Rigid InsulationDamp proof membrane175mm Concrete slabSand Blinding150mm HardcoreBath stone100 x 50 Softwood Rafters at 450 centres150 x 75 PurlinsOak Principle RaftersOak LintelOak window frame and sill.

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.

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25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.

Copper sheeting with standing seamsSeparating layer25 x 150 Timber boards25 x 50 Timber battens at 450 centres25 x 50 Counter-battens at 450 centres25 150 Timber BoardsWater/Wind proof layerRigid InsulationVapour Barrier3 Layer roofing felt guttersStainless steel gutter/flint bracket20mm Oak PanelsHorizontal BattensVertical Battens13 mm Timbervent boardRigid InsulationStainless steel wall tiesFlit stones set into mortarBracket hooksStainless steel bracketBath stoneLoad-bearing insulation blocks to prevent Cold bridging, eg Marmox ThermoblockConcrete foundations75mm floating sand/cement screed with heating pipes and nominal reinforcementPolythene separating layer200mm Rigid InsulationDamp proof membrane175mm Concrete slabSand Blinding150mm HardcoreBath stone100 x 50 Softwood Rafters at 450 centres150 x 75 PurlinsOak Principle RaftersOak LintelOak window frame and sill.

Construction Section 1:50

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Copper sheeting with standing seamsSeparating layer25 x 150 Timber boards25 x 50 Timber battens at 450 centres25 x 50 Counter-battens at 450 centres25 150 Timber BoardsWater/Wind proof layerRigid InsulationVapour Barrier3 Layer roofing felt guttersStainless steel gutter/flint bracket20mm Oak PanelsHorizontal BattensVertical Battens13 mm Timbervent boardRigid InsulationStainless steel wall tiesFlit stones set into mortarBracket hooksStainless steel bracketBath stoneLoad-bearing insulation blocks to prevent Cold bridging, eg Marmox ThermoblockConcrete foundations75mm floating sand/cement screed with heating pipes and nominal reinforcementPolythene separating layer200mm Rigid InsulationDamp proof membrane175mm Concrete slabSand Blinding150mm HardcoreBath stone100 x 50 Softwood Rafters at 450 centres150 x 75 PurlinsOak Principle RaftersOak LintelOak window frame and sill.

Community Hall and Hostel 1:200

Roof Structure

The secondary roof structure consists of Purlins and battens which will be revealed internally.

The roof structure is as follows:

Copper sheeting with standing seamsSeparating layer25 x 150 Timber boards25 x 50 Timber battens at 450 centres25 x 50 Counter-battens at 450 centres25 150 Timber BoardsWater/Wind proof layerRigid InsulationVapor Barrier100 x 50 Softwood Rafters at 450 centres150 x 75 PurlinsOak Principle Rafters

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Community Hall Structural Model

Stonehenge Hostel Reader

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