Stone Materials

8/13/2019 Stone Materials

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Midory Martnez Canto

Rossenyth Ortiz Domnguez

Ricardo Acosta Tenorio


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Stone materials are natural materials or adapted by man. They are used

as a basis to make the component of a civil or architectural creation.

This materials are obtained from rocks found as blocks, granules or

fragments.


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Some of the stone materials are usedbarely raw, some others don`t.

1. Extraction: the rocks are pulled outof the crust, with machines orcontrolled explosions.

2. Cut: Big stone blocks are crushed togive them a propper size.

3. Crushing: Equal pieces are gotten.

4. Polish: The rocks are highly polished.

5. Finish: Irregularities are removed.

6. Storage: The rocks are saved.

7. Transportation: The rocks are carriedto the factory.


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Electrical conductivity

Thermal conductivity

Density

Dilation


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The melting point

Fusibility

The hygroscopicity

Porosity


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Tractionis the effort which is under a pieceby the action of two opposing forces thatstretch.

An effort of this kind always increases thelength of the workpiece in the direction of the

forces and, if severe enough, reduces its crosssection and finally breaks it.

Compressionis the stress at which apiece is subjected by the action of opposingforces that crushed.

An effort of this kind reduces the length of theworkpiece in the direction of the forces and, ifsevere enough, increases its cross section andfinally breaks it.


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Bendingis the stress at which a piece is subjectedby the action of forces which tend to bend it.

Torsion: The torsional stress to which it issubjected piece by the action of two forces which

tend to twist, to deform about an axis.

An effort of this kind always produces deformations

in the piece and, if intense enough-you, eventuallybreaking it.


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Natural stoneThe natural stone transform hardly

used , as extracted from the quarry.

Igneous or eruptive : have beencreated by solidification of magma.

Sedimentary rocks : have beencreated by the accumulation offragments des - seized of otherrocks as a result of the weather.

Metamorphic rocks : have beencreated from igneous or sedimen -

tary eruptive alike, due to highpressures and high temperatures inthe lithosphere


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Granite Features It is a rock composed mainly of

quartz, feldspar and mica. It is abundant inthe earth's crust has different grain sizesand resists the action - on of the elements.Use : Coatings , flooring , baseboards ,countertops, columns, stairs , etc.

BasaltFeatures It is a rock composed . It is veryabundant in the earth's crust , fine-grained , dark color and resists theaction of atmospheric agents .Use: paving , cladding , decoration ,monuments , sculptures, etc.


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GRANITE BASALT


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GravelObtained by natural or artificialfragmentation of other rocks , such asgranite , limestone , basalt , quartz,etc. .Use: Overhead , burglary and soildrainage , concrete making , etc. .

Sandstone

Obtained by natural or artificialfragmentation of other rocks , such as

quartz , gypsum, co - ral , feldspar , etc. .Is highly porous and can store a largeamount of moisture .Making use of concrete and masonry.


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GRAVEL SANDSTONE


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ClayIt is created from the natural

decomposition of rocks containingfeldspar. Grain is tiny and the colordepends on the impurities. Incontact with water swells andbecomes plastic, and has a greatcapacity to absorb .

Use: Cement and ceramics.

Limestone

It is a rock composed of calcite andimpurities and acids attack it easily .


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CLAY LIMESTONE


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Slates

It's a rock that comes frommetamorphosed clays . It is finegrained , resists the action ofatmospheric agents and allowsthe division into thin plates .

Use: Siding, mainly roofs.

Marble

It's a rock that usually comes from the

limestone , composed of calcite and

impurities . It resists the action of

atmospheric agents and presents a

variety of colors and stains.

Use: Sculpture , countertops, etc. .


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SLATES MARBLE


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Stony Transformed

The processed stone is obtained from natural stone .

Ceramic

characteristics are obtained from the clay , molding it , and then baking

it in an oven at elevated temperatures, and in general , melting stone

materials . They have a high melting point , are good thermal and

electrical insulators , and resist the action of atmospheric agents .


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Porcelain

It is molded and dried before cooking athigh temperatures , is waterproof,translucent and resists the action ofatmospheric agents .Using: Medical Supplies , electricalindustry , decoration , tableware , etc .

Porous

They are permeable and have an

earthy and rough when broken .

Use: bricks , tiles , etc.


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PORCEL IN POROUS


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Stoneware

It is usually glazed and then fired at high

temperatures , is waterproof and resistantto the action of atmospheric agents .

Using: Medical Supplies , electrical, walls ,

etc .

RefractoriesWithstands high temperatures without

melting or deforming.

Using: electroceramics use , etc.


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STONEWARE REFRACTORIES

Stone Materials

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