Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and...
Transcript of Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and...
![Page 1: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Stoichiometry
Chapter 11(page 326)
![Page 2: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Essential Question!!
• Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??
![Page 3: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Vocabulary: Section 1
• Stoichiometry• Moles• Stoichiometric equivalent• Mole ratio• Gram to gram calculations
![Page 4: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Chemical equations tell stories…
But what exactly do they tell us?
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g)
They tell us what compounds we start with:Carbon monoxide (CO) gas
Oxygen (O2) gas
what compounds are formed:Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas
![Page 5: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Chemical equations tell stories…
What else do they tell us?
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g)
stoichiometry: the study of the amounts of substances involved in a chemical reaction.
2 CO molecules 2 CO2 molecules1 O2 molecules
They tell us how much of each compound is involved
![Page 6: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g)
2 CO molecules2 dozen CO molecules2 moles CO molecules
2 x (6.023 x 1023) CO molecules
1 O2 molecules1 dozen O2 molecules
1 mole O2 molecules(1 x) 6.023 x 1023 O2 molecules
2 CO2 molecules2 dozen CO2 molecules2 moles CO2 molecules
2 x (6.023 x 1023) CO2 molecules
![Page 7: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g)
2 moles
CO molecules
1 mole
O2 molecules
2 moles
CO2 molecules
Number of moles is not conserved
Is that okay?
≠+
![Page 8: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g)
2 C atoms
2 O atoms2 O atoms
2 C atoms
4 O atoms
Number of atoms is
conserved
This chemical equation is balanced
=
=+
![Page 9: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Write as a ratio:
Coefficients are important
+ 3 eggs + ¼ cup oil + 1 cup water 1 batch cupcakes1 bagcake mix
1 4
4 1
cup oil batches cupcakesor
batches cupcakes cup oil
![Page 10: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Coefficients are important
C6H12O6(aq) 2C2H5OH(aq) + 2CO2(g)
Fermentation of sugar (glucose) into alcohol:
1 moleglucose
2 molesethanol
2 molescarbon dioxide
1 moles
3 moles
7.5 moles
glucose will yield
2 moles
6 moles
15 moles
ethanol/ carbon dioxide
x 7.5x 3
![Page 11: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
C6H12O6(aq) 2C2H5OH(aq) + 2CO2(g)
Fermentation of sugar (glucose) into alcohol:
1 moleglucose
2 molesethanol
2 molescarbon dioxide
Write as a ratio: 1 2
2 1
mole glucose moles ethanol
moles ethanol mole glucose
mole ratio: a ratio comparison between substances in a balanced equation. It is obtained from the coefficients in the balanced equation.
![Page 12: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(l)
Mole ratios
Consider the following equation:
carbon monoxide
hydrogen methanol
3
3
11
1 1
molemole
m
CH
ol
OHCO
e mCH OH Oole C
Compare the reactant CO to the product CH3OH.
![Page 13: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Stoichiometry1. Mass of substance A
2. Amount in mol of
Substance A
3. Amount in mol of
substance B
4. Mass of Substance B
Convert by dividing by the molar mass of A
Convert by mult. by molar mass of B
Convert using
the mol ratio
given in the chemical equation
B
A
![Page 14: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Process for calculating grams from grams given
![Page 15: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Introduction to Stoichiometry
1. mole --> molemoles of A X coeff B
coeff A= moles B
2. Mole--> massmoles of A X coeff B
coeff AX molar mass
of B = mass of B
![Page 16: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Solution Route
3. mass --> molemass A FM A X
coeff Bcoeff A
= mol B
4. mass --> massmass AFM A X coeff B
coeff A X FM B = mass B
![Page 17: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Method Mass - MassMethod Mass - Mass
mass Amass Acoeff A X FM A coeff A X FM A ==
mass Bmass B
coeff B X FM Bcoeff B X FM B
![Page 18: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Method Mass - VolumeMethod Mass - Volume
mass Amass Acoeff A * FM A coeff A * FM A
== vol Bvol Bcoeff B * 22.4coeff B * 22.4
![Page 19: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Method Volume - VolumeMethod Volume - Volume
Vol AVol Acoeff Acoeff A
** vol Bvol Bcoeff Bcoeff B
![Page 20: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Assignment
• Take a new sheet of paper and fold it into three sections
• Write your name, the title of the chapter and the number
• On the first section from the sheet of paper, please write six things that you learned from your notes so far that could appear on your test.
![Page 21: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1.Given the equation N2 + 3 H2 2NH3 If 4.00 mol of H2 react, how many mol of NH3 will be produced?
4.0 mol X23
= 2.66 mol
![Page 22: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
How many moles of sodium will react with water to produce 4.00 mol of Hydrogen?
2 Na + 2H2O 2 NaOH + H2
4 mol H2 X2
18 mol sodium=
![Page 23: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
How many moles of H2SO4 will react with 18.0 mol of Al?
2 Al + 3 H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
18.0 mol Al X 32
= 27.0 moles
![Page 24: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What mass of KClO3 do you need to produce 0.50 mol of O2?
2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2
0.50 mol X 23
= 0.33 mol KClO3
0.33 mol KClO3 X 122.6 g/mol
= 40.866 g
![Page 25: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What mass of Zn metal do you need to produce 0.50 mol of ZnCl2?
Zn (s) + 2HCl ZnCl2(s) + H2(g)
0.50 mol X 11
= 0.5 Zn
0.5 mol Zn X 65.4 g/mol
= 32.7 g Zn
![Page 26: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
What mass of NH3 do you need to produce 0.25 mol of H2?
N2 + 3H2(g) 2 NH3
0.25 mol X 32
= 0.375 H2
0.375 mol H2 X 0.75 g/mol
= 0.75 g H2
![Page 27: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Assignment
• Write a three dollar summary of this section (based on what you learned) and using three vocabulary words learned
• Answer questions # 1- 3 on page 360• Turn in completed work
• Honors Chemistry Homework:– Page 362 # 38 - 45
![Page 28: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Vocabulary: Section 2
• Percent yield• Actual yield• Theoretical yield
![Page 29: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
In theory, all 100 kernels should have popped.
Did you do something wrong?
+
100 kernels 82 popped 18 unpopped
![Page 30: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
+
100 kernels 82 popped 18 unpopped
82100 82%
100
100amount of corn popped
percent yieldamount of kern
percent yie
els in the bag
ld
What you get to eat!
Percent yield
![Page 31: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
100actual yield
percent yieldtheoretical yield
100actual yield
theoreticalpercent yi
yieldeld
actual yield: the amount obtained in the lab in an actual experiment.
theoretical yield: the expected amount produced if everything reacted completely.
![Page 32: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Percent yield in the lab
Decomposition of baking soda:
2NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
10.00 g 4.87 g
measured experimentally
- There is usually some human error, like not measuring exact amounts carefully
- Maybe the heating time was not long enough; not all the Na2HCO3 reacted
- Maybe Na2CO3 was not completely dry; some H2O(l) was measured too
- CO2 is a gas and does not get measured
Can you think of reasons why the final mass of Na2CO3 may not be accurate? (What could be sources of error?)
![Page 33: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Percent yield in the lab
Decomposition of baking soda:
2NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
10.00 g 4.87 g
measured experimentally
Let’s calculate the percent yield
100actual yield
percent yieldtheoretical yield
obtained in experiment
calculated
![Page 34: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Conversions of Mass to Amounts In Moles
Example
![Page 35: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Mass to Mass Calculations
Example
![Page 37: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Assignment
• Write a three dollar summary of this section (based on what you learned)
• Answer questions # 4- 6 on page 360• Turn in completed work
• Honors Chemistry Homework– Page 363 # 46 - 57
![Page 39: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Vocabulary: 3
• Limiting reactant• Excess reactant
![Page 40: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
4 slices of bread 4 slices of ham 2 slices of cheese2 ham & cheese
sandwich
Suppose you want to make 2 ham & cheese sandwiches
Recipe:
![Page 41: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Suppose you want to make 2 ham & cheese sandwiches
Can you still make 2 ham & cheese sandwiches if you have4 slices of bread, 4 slices of ham, and 1 slice of cheese?
No, you are limited by the cheese!You can only get 1 ham & cheese sandwich.
Limiting factor
![Page 42: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Limiting Reactants
• A limiting reactant is the reactant that limits the amount of the other reactants that can combine to form product in a chemical reaction
• An excess reactant is the reactant that is left over after the other reactant runs out, or the reaction is completed
![Page 43: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Excess reactant
For a chemical reaction:
Reactant A is in excess
so the reaction will stop when you
run out of reactant B.
Reactant B is the limiting
reactant.
The amount of product C will
depend on how much reactant B
is present.
![Page 44: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s)150 g 60 g
1. What is the limiting reactant?
Step 1: Convert masses to moles
Step 2: Use mole ratios to find the limiting reactant
![Page 45: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s)150 g 60 g
1. What is the limiting reactant?
Step 1: Convert masses to moles
Step 2: Use mole ratios to find the limiting reactant
2 32 3 2 3
2 3
1150 0.94
159.7
160.0 2.22
26.98
mole Fe Og Fe O moles Fe O
g Fe O
mole Alg Al moles Al
g Al
2 32 3
2 32 3
20.94 1.88
1
12.22 1.11
2
moles Almoles Fe O moles Al
moles Fe O
mole Fe Omoles Al moles Fe O
moles Al
needed to react with all Fe2O3
needed to react with all Al
available Fe2O3
available Al
![Page 46: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s)150 g 60 g
1. What is the limiting reactant?
Step 1: Convert masses to moles
Step 2: Use mole ratios to find the limiting reactant
2 32 3
22
33
1150
159.7
16
0.94
2.0.026.
28
29
molesmole Fe O
g Fe Og Fe O
mole Al
Fe O
g Al mg A
ol s ll
e A
2 3
2 32 3
2 3
20.94
1
12.22
1.88
1.12
1
moles Almoles Al
moles Fe Omoles Fe O
mole Fe Omoles A ml
mololes
es Ae
lF O
needed to react with all Fe2O3
needed to react with all Al
available Fe2O3
available Al
![Page 47: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s)150 g 60 g
1. What is the limiting reactant?
2 32 3
22
33
1150
159.7
160.0 2.22
0.
26.98
94 molesmole Fe O
g Fe Og Fe O
mole Al
Fe O
g Al moles Alg Al
2 3
2 32 3
2 3 1.11
20.94 1.88
1
12.22
2
moles Almoles Fe O moles Al
moles Fe O
mole Fe Omoles Al
momole
less Fe O
Al
needed to react with all Al
available Fe2O3
There is not enough Fe2O3 available to react with all the Al, so Fe2O3 is the limiting reactant
![Page 48: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Example # 1 & 2
![Page 50: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(s)
The Haber-Bosch process for the synthesis of ammonia:
![Page 51: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(s)
The Haber-Bosch process for the synthesis of ammonia:
![Page 52: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Vocabulary: Section 4
• Excess reactant• Percent yield
![Page 53: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Lithium metal (Li) reacts directly with nitrogen gas (N2) to produce lithium nitride (Li3N) according to the reaction:
6Li(s) + N2(g) → 2Li3N(s)
What is left?
2 2
2
1.66 ( ) 1.15 ( )
0.51 ( )
moles N have moles N need
moles N remaining
2 2
28.010.51
114
gmoles N
moleg N
Asked: Amount of excess reactant left
Given: N2 is the excess reactant
1.15 moles N2 (need)
1.66 moles N2 (have)
Relationships:
28.01 g/mole N2
Solve: 1) How many moles N2 remain?
2) Convert moles to grams
Answer:14 g of N2 will remain at the end of the reaction.
![Page 56: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
The concentration of Cu2+ ions [found as CuSO4(aq)] in the water discharged from an industrial plant is found by adding an excess of sodium sulfide (Na2S) solution to 1.0 L of the contaminated water. The reaction is:
CuSO4(aq) + Na2S(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + CuS(s)
Asked: Concentration of CuSO4(aq)
Given: 1.0 L of solution is tested
0.021 g CuS (formed)
Relationships:
95.61 g/mole CuS
1 mole CuSO4 ~ 1 mole CuS
Solve: 1) How many moles of CuS?
2) How many moles of CuSO4?
3) What is the concentration of
CuSO4?
42.20 10 moles CuS4
42.20 10 moles CuSO
Have:
Reactants in solution
4
44
42.20 10
2.20 1
1.0
0
moles of solutemolarity
L of solution
moles CuSO
M C
L of w
u
a er
SO
t
![Page 57: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Assignment
• On the second section of that sheet of paper, please write six things that you learned from your notes so far that could appear on your test.
![Page 58: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Percent Yield• Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of
product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant
• Actual yield is the measured amount of product obtained from a reaction
• Percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield
![Page 59: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Percent Yield
Percent yield = Actual yield
theoretical yieldX 100 %
![Page 60: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Assignment
• Write a three dollar summary of this section (based on what you learned) and using the vocabulary learned this section
• Answer questions # 7- 8 on page 360• Turn in completed work
• Honors Chemistry Homework– Page 364 # 58 - 63
![Page 61: Stoichiometry Chapter 11 (page 326). Essential Question!! Why do scientist compare mole ratios, and why is it important in chemical reactions??](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649e625503460f94b5de7a/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Test:- Next Tuesday or Thursday depending on your class
• Homework requirement: page 360 # 1 - 8
• Make sure you have all work assigned between pages 360 and 363 completed and turned in by your test date.