Stocktaking Report SENEGAL...Programme (NAP-GSP), led this report, with inputs from Clotilde Goeman...

Stocktaking Report

for the NAP process in

SENEGAL

Stocktaking Report for the NAP process in SENEGAL 1

Acknowledgements

This Stocktaking Report was drafted based on the results of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP)

training workshop in July 2015, complemented by a desk review. Furthermore, Madeleine Diouf from

Senegal’s Ministry of Environment and staff at the UNDP’s Country Office in Dakar shared valuable

inputs.

The mission team, Julie Teng and Imen Meliane the from National Adaptation Plan Global Support

Programme (NAP-GSP), led this report, with inputs from Clotilde Goeman (UNDP). Aliou G. Diouf

from ENDA Energy in Senegal provided complementary information.

This report is part of a series of Country Stocktaking Reports, prepared under the oversight of Rohini

Kohli with the editorial process managed by Esther Lake, from the joint UNDP / UN Environment

National Adaptation Plan Global Support Programme (NAP-GSP). The joint programme is funded by

the Global Environment Facility (GEF).

July 2015

Disclaimer

The designations employed and the presentations of this paper do not imply the expression of any

opinion whatsoever on the part of UNDP, UN Environment, the GEF, or any other United Nations or

contributory organisations, editors or publishers concerning the legal status of any country, territory,

city or area or its authority.

Mention of a commercial company or a product in this paper does not imply endorsement by UNDP,

UN Environment, the GEF, or any other United Nations or contributory organisations.

The use of information from this paper concerning proprietary products for publicity or advertising is

not permitted. This paper has not been formally copyedited.


Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................. 1

Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................................................ 1

Acronyms and abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... 4

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 8

Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 11

Analysing the national context for NAP advancement ..................................................................................... 15

Policy and planning entry points ................................................................................................................................ 15

Table 1: Overview of main policy and planning documents for NAP in Senegal .............................................. 22

Institutional mechanisms and stakeholder mapping ............................................................................................... 28

Figure 1: Stakeholder map for the NAP process in Senegal .............................................................................. 32

Existing CCA and other initiatives of relevance to the NAP ................................................................................... 33

Table 2: CCA initiatives of relevance for the NAP process ................................................................................ 37

Analysing the strengths, weakness and gaps ................................................................................................... 42

Status of climate change integration ......................................................................................................................... 42

Table 3: Status of climate mainstreaming in key processes and sectors .......................................................... 43

SWOT analysis ............................................................................................................................................................. 45

Table 4: SWOT-Analysis of the NAP ................................................................................................................... 46

Summary of challenges, barriers and gaps to advance the NAP .......................................................................... 48

Table 5: Gaps, challenges and possible strategic interventions for the NAP process in Senegal ..................... 49

Analysing the national context for NAP advancement ..................................................................................... 51

Main recommendations ............................................................................................................................................... 51

Initial roadmap of the NAP process in Senegal ....................................................................................................... 52

Table 6: Initial NAP roadmap Senegal ............................................................................................................... 53

Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................... 61

Annex 1: List of invitees of the NAP training ..................................................................................................... 62

Table of contents


List of figures

Figure 1: Stakeholder map for the NAP process in Senegal 32

List of tables

Table 1: Overview of main policy and planning documents for NAP in Senegal 22

Table 2: CCA initiatives of relevance for the NAP process 37

Table 3: Status of climate mainstreaming in key processes and sectors 43

Table 4: SWOT-Analysis of the NAP 46

Table 5: Gaps, challenges and possible strategic interventions for the NAP process in Senegal 49

Table 6: Initial NAP roadmap Senegal 53


Acronyms and abbreviations

AGRHYMET Agriculture, Hydrology and Meteorology Agency

AMS Mayors’ Association of Senegal

Association des Maires du Sénégal

ANA National Aquaculture Agency

Agence National d'Aquaculture

ANACIM National Agency for Civil Aviation and Meteorology

Agence National de l’Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie

BOS Operational Office for Monitoring the Emerging Senegal Plan (ESP)

Bureau Opérationnel de Suivi du Plan Sénégal Emergent (PSE)

CC Climate change (in tables)

CCA Climate change adaptation

CESE Economic, Social and Environmental Council

Conseil Economique, Social et Environnemental

CILSS Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel

Comité Inter-État pour la Lutte contre la Sécheresse au Sahel

CNCR National Consultation Council of Rural people

Conseil National de Concertation et de Coopération des Ruraux

COGIC Operational Crisis Management Centre

Centre Opérationnel de Gestion Interministériel des Crises

COMNACC National Committee on Climate Change

Comité National sur les Changements Climatiques

COMRECC Regional Climate Change Committees

Comité Régional sur les Changements Climatiques

CONGAD Council of Non-Governmental Development Support Organizations

Conseil des Organisations Non Gouvernementales d’Appui au développement

CoP Conference of the Parties

CRODT Oceanographic Research Center of Dakar-Thiaroye

Centre de Recherche Océanographique de Dakar Thiaroye

CSE Ecological Monitoring Centre

Centre de Suivi Ecologique

CSOs Civil Society Organisations

DANIDA Danish international development agency

DAPSA Directorate of Agricultural Analysis, Forecasting and Statistics

Direction de l'Analyse, de la Prévision et des Statistiques Agricoles

DCEF Directorate of Economic and Financial Cooperation

Direction de la Coopération Economique et Financière

DEEC Directorate of Environment and Classified Establishments

Direction de l'Environnement et des Etablissements Classés

DGPRE Directorate of Water Resources Planning

Direction de la Gestion et de la Planification des Ressources en Eau

DIREL Directorate of Livestock


DPC Civil Protection Directorate

Direction de la Protection Civile

DPES Economic and Social Policy Document

Document de Politique Economique et Sociale

DPPD Multi-year Framework of Sector-based Expenses

Document de Programmation Pluriannuelle des Dépenses

DPVE Directorate of Environmental Planning and Monitoring

Direction de la Planification et de la Veille Environnementale

DRR Disaster Risk Reduction

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

Communauté Economique des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO)

EBT Evaluation of Technical Needs

Evaluation des Besoins Techniques

ENDA Environment Development Action in the Third World aid agency

Environnement et Développement du Tiers Monde

FONGS Federation of Non-Governmental Organizations in Senegal

Fédération des Organisations Non Gouvernementales du Sénégal

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

GCF Green Climate Fund

GDP Gross domestic product

GEF Global Environment Facility

GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

GHG Greenhouse gas

GIZ German international development agency

Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit

GoS Government of Senegal

ha Hectare

IDRC International Development Research Centre

IED Afrique Innovation, Environment, Development Africa Agency

Agence Innovation, Environnement et Développement en Afrique

IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development

INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contributions

INP National Soil Science Institute

Institut National de Pédologie

IPCC International Panel on Climate Change

IRD Research Institute for Development

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

ISE Environmental Science Institute

Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement

ISRA National Agricultural Research Institute of Senegal

Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles

IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

LDCs Least Developed Countries


LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund

LEG Least Developed Countries Expert Group

LuxDev Luxembourg Agency for Development Cooperation

MoA Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Equipment

Ministère de l’Agriculture et d’Equipement Rural

MoE Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development

Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable

MoEFP Ministry of Economy, Finance and Planning

Ministère de l’Economie, des Finances et du Plan

MoF Ministry of Fisheries and Maritime Economy

Ministère de la Pêche et de l’Economie Maritime

MoH Ministry of Health and Social Action

Ministère de la Santé et de l’Action Sociale

MoW Ministry of Water Affairs

Ministère de l’Hydraulique et de l’Assainissement

M&E Monitoring and evaluation

NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions

NAP National Adaptation Plan

NAP-GSP National Adaptation Plan – Global Support Programme

NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action

NGO Non-governmental organization

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PAS-PNA Science-Based Support of the NAP Process in Francophone LDCs in Sub-Saharan Africa

Projet d’Appui Scientifique aux Processus de Plans Nationaux d’Adaptation dans les Pays Francophones les Moins Avancés d’Afrique Subsaharienne

PAGIRE Integrated Water Resources Management Action Plan

Plan d’Actions pour la Gestion Intégrée des Ressources en Eau

PAP Priority Action Plan

PRACAS Accelerated Programme for Agriculture in Senegal

Programme de Relance et d’Accélération de la cadence de l’Agriculture Sénégalaise Accelerated Programme for Agriculture in Senegal

PROGEDE Project for the Sustainable and Participatory Management of Traditional

Alternative Energy

Projet de Gestion Durable et Participative des Energies Traditionnelles de

Substitution

PROGEP Management and Climate Change Adaptation Project for Senegal

Projet de Gestion des Eaux Pluviales

PSE Emerging Senegal Plan

Plan Sénégal Emergent

PTIP Three-year Investment Programme

Projet Triennal d’Investissements Publics

RADI African Network for Integrated Development

Réseau Africain pour le Développement Intégré

R&D Research and development


RCM Regional Climate Model

REPES Parliamentary Network for the Protection of the Environment in Senegal

Le Réseau des Parlementaires pour la Protection de l'Environnement au

Sénégal

SNDES National Economic and Social Development Strategy

Stratégie Nationale de Développement Economique et Sociale

SNDD National Strategy of Sustainable Development

Stratégie Nationale du Développement Durable

SWOT Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats

TFP Technical and Financial Partners

UAEL Union of Associations of Local Elected officials

Union des Associations des Elus Locaux

UCAD Cheikh Anta Diop University

Université Cheikh Anta Diop

UEMOA West African Economic and Monetary Union

Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UN Environment United Nations Environment Programme

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

USAID United States Agency for International Development


Executive Summary

Climate change in Senegal is predicted to result

in a decrease in overall rainfall, juxtaposed with

an increase in precipitation intensity, increased

air temperatures, and sea-level rise. Key pillars

of the country’s economy, namely water

resources, agriculture and tourism are

extremely vulnerable to climate change. Since

these sectors are the source of income for 70

percent of Senegal’s population, climate

change adaptation (CCA) is a prerequisite, not

only for the environment sector, but for the

population’s well-being.

To attain a cross-cutting CCA approach, the

Government of Senegal (GoS) requested the

support of the United Nations Development

Programme (UNDP) Country Office in Senegal

to conduct a stakeholder training to start the

country’s National Adaptation Plan (NAP). The

workshop provided entry points to start the NAP

process and to institutionalise the NAP

throughout the country. The NAP Global

Support Programme (NAP-GSP), jointly led by

UNDP and the United Nations Environment

Programme (UN Environment) facilitated the

launch of the NAP process in Senegal and

conducted an NAP training in the capital Dakar

in July 2015.

The mission identified many challenges that

Senegal is facing in terms of mainstreaming

CCA. To begin, the regulatory and political

framework on CCA is limited. Mandates on CCA

are fragmented and cross-sector coordination is

lacking. Mainstreaming of CCA should be

strengthened and should include national and

subnational planning and budgeting

documents. Existing information on climate

vulnerability is scattered and needs to be taken

stock of and made available. The technical and

managerial skills to produce and interpret

climate data and to develop appropriate

adaptation options need to be strengthened.

The results of the exercises during the

workshop as well as the draft of an initial NAP

Roadmap for Senegal, led to the definition of the

following three workstreams:

WORKSTREAM 1: Steering the NAP process

and enhancing coordination

During this stage, the institutional framework for

CCA coordination will be reinforced, mandates

and vision for the NAP are clarified. These

activities will support the setting up of a steering

committee a technical monitoring committee for

the overall NAP process, as well as the

validation of sectoral NAPs. For each sector-

specific NAP process, another coordination

committee will be established. These will be

responsible for steering the sector-level NAPs


as well as their technical monitoring and

evaluation (M&E), and their communication.

These sector-level committees will also support

awareness-raising and training activities for

decision makers, especially in planning and

budgeting units and departments. They will also

address the general public, including the private

sector, to ensure that climate change is

considered as a cross-cutting priority and not

only as an environmental concern.

WORKSTREAM 2: Enhancing the capacity

building for adaptation

Insufficient institutional and technical capacities

to produce data and interpret the information on

adverse effects of climate change in various

sectors hinders the implementation of CCA. The

development of a capacity-building programme

will allow the strengthening of the technical and

managerial capacities of staff in the priority

sectors of CCA to understand CCA needs,

assess adaptation options, and budget for

them. The programme will address ministerial

staff, universities, research and training

institutions as well as non-governmental

organisations (NGOs).

WORKSTREAM 3: Mainstreaming CCA into

national, sectoral and regional planning and

budgeting

This workstream will develop a mechanism to

mainstream climate risks and CCA into key

planning and budgeting processes at national,

sectoral and regional levels. This should go

hand-in-hand with the building of capacities to

mobilise external and internal funds. A

stocktaking that capitalises on Senegal’s

available studies and climate information will be

essential for this.


Introduction

Climate change adaptation (CCA) – adjustments in

human and natural systems in response to actual or

expected climatic variation with a view to

moderating harm or exploiting beneficial

opportunities, is an area of concern and

engagement for many countries. Increasingly,

countries are coming to realise that CCA needs to

be supported by an integrated, cross-cutting policy

approach: in other words, mainstreamed into

national development planning. This entails working

with a range of government and non-governmental

actors.

To attain this goal, the NAP process was

established in 2010 as part of the Cancun

Adaptation Framework to complement the existing

short-term orientated National Adaptation

Programmes of Action (NAPAs). The NAP process

aims at supporting all developing countries,

especially Least Developed Countries (LDCs), in

meeting their medium- and long-term adaptation

needs. Its objective is to reduce vulnerability and

build adaptive capacity by mainstreaming

adaptation into all sector-specific and national

development planning. The Least Developed

Countries Expert Group (LEG) has published the

NAP Technical Guidelines to help countries put in

place a system to implement their NAP process.

NAP Process

The NAP process should:

❖ Follow a country-driven, fully transparent

approach

❖ Be based on and guided by the best

available science and, as appropriate,

traditional and indigenous knowledge

❖ Not be prescriptive, nor result in the

duplication of efforts undertaken in-

country, but rather facilitate country-

owned, country-driven action

❖ Be iterative and inclusive

The NAP process promotes more systematic

approaches for addressing climate risk in the

medium term. It also promotes a more holistic

architecture for attracting climate finance for

medium-term needs, including from domestic

public sources, and from external sources

covering the range of multilateral, bilateral,

public and private finance.


The main objectives of a NAP process according to

NAP Technical Guidelines are:

• To take a medium- and long-term approach to

reducing vulnerability to the adverse effects of

climate change.

• To facilitate the integration of adaptation into

relevant new and existing policies, programmes

and activities, development planning processes

and strategies, within all relevant sectors and at

different levels, as appropriate.

In 1992, Senegal signed, and later in 1994 ratified,

the United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change (UNFCCC). Senegal also ratified

the Kyoto Protocol in 2001. To support, advise and

follow up on the effective implementation of the

goals of the UNFCCC, Senegal established the

National Climate Change Committee (COMNACC)

in 2011. Additionally, 14 Regional Climate Change

Committees (COMRECCs) were established to

support CCA at the regional level.

The GoS recognises the need to strengthen the

institutional arrangements for mainstreaming

adaptation, and to formulate a more comprehensive

and long-term response to climate change. It

therefore plans to initiate the NAP process.

National Adaptation Planning add values by

developing the capacities required to address

medium- and long term adaptation needs and to

engage decision-makers from all sectors and levels

of government in the process. It can help identify

existing gaps and pave the way for effective climate

responsive planning and budgeting.

Through UNDP’s Country Office, the GoS

requested support to conduct a stakeholder training

to commence the country’s NAP process. The

workshop provided entry points for the NAP process

and to institutionalise NAP in Senegal. In response,

the NAP Global Support Programme (NAP-GSP),

led jointly by UNDP and UN Environment, agreed to

support the GoS to facilitate the start-up of the NAP

process in Senegal and conduct a training

workshop, including stocktaking of Senegal’s

activities relevant to the NAP process.

The NAP Training and Consultation Workshop took

place from 8-10 July 2015, organised by the

Ministry of Environment in cooperation with the

Ministry of Economy, Finance and Planning and the

UNDP Country Office. The objectives were to

support the GoS in launching the NAP process at

national level and help to identify entry points for

integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) with CCA,

as well as to identify the next steps for

mainstreaming CCA in the fisheries sector.

The workshop gathered around 60 participants from

the Ministry of Environment (MoE), the Ministry of

Economy, Finance and Planning (MoEFP), the

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Equipment (MoA),

the Ministry of Water and Sanitation (MoW), the

Ministry of Fisheries (MoF), and the Ministry of

Health (MoH) among other sectors, as well as

governmental agencies such as the Ecological

Monitoring Centre (Centre de Suivi Ecologique, or

CSE) and civil society.

The training provided an opportunity for the

participants to get better acquainted with the

different elements and steps of an NAP process,

and to learn about and discuss its relevance for

Senegal as well as entry points in existing

processes. This was achieved through a mix of

practical exercises and presentations by the

trainers and national experts from the COMNACC,

the Meteorological Agency and sectoral ministries.

Climate change in Senegal is predicted to result in

a decrease in over rainfall, an increase in


precipitation intensity, increased temperatures and

sea-level rise. Key pillars of Senegal’s economy

including water resources, agriculture and tourism

are extremely vulnerable to climate change. A total

of 70 percent of Senegal’s workforce is directly

dependent on these three pillars, working in the

fisheries, agriculture, livestock and tourism sector.

This is why climate change poses an enormous

threat to livelihoods and the economy. Water

resources are considered the most vulnerable

natural resources in the country. Climate change

impacts such as prolonged droughts and saline

intrusion threaten water supplies and groundwater

levels, and will continue to decrease. Water scarcity

presents a serious threat, and the rural population

will suffer most from the decrease in water

availability and quality.

The agricultural sector is also highly vulnerable,

mostly due to its reliance on rainwater. Floods are a

major concern in the country and likely to become

more frequent. Climate change impacts on

agriculture and on the frequency and intensity of

both floods and droughts will negatively affect

public health and food security. Food security will

be further impaired by loss of marine biodiversity

and fisheries as a result of increased surface-water

temperatures.

The focus of Senegal’s NAP process should be

overarching, take into consideration the most

vulnerable sectors, and also be in line with

Senegal’s development goals and priority sectors

for adaptation, as suggested in the Intended

Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) of

2015. These sectors are as follows:

1 Government of Senegal, ‘Plan National d’Adaptation du Secteur de la Pêche et de l’Aquaculture Face au Changement Climatique Horizon 2035 (2016).

❖ Agriculture is the primary source of income for

70 percent of the population, contributing 7.6

percent of the country’s gross domestic product

(GDP) in 2012, according to the 2014 Emerging

Senegal Plan (Plan Sénégal Emergent, or

PSE). At the same time, agriculture counts

among the sectors most vulnerable to climate

change due to its high dependency on rainfall.

Climate risks include the late onset of the rainy

season, dry spells, erratic rainfall patterns and

the reduction in the number of rainy days. The

question of food security is closely linked to the

agricultural sector.

❖ Livestock is the primary source of income and

nutrition for 30 percent of rural households,

generating 4.2 percent of GDP in 2012 (PSE

2014). Climate change in the form of erratic

rainfall, affects the sector, leading to a reduction

of grassland and water points, and has negative

impacts on animal health, as well as their

reproduction and milk production.

❖ Fisheries are dominated by maritime fisheries,

and 600,000 fishermen (15 percent of

Senegal’s population) generate their income in

this sector. Most of them are small-scale,

independent fishermen. They contributed 2.2

percent to Senegal’s GDP in 2012. Since the

fishery sector has already developed its NAP

strategy1 it is not accounted for in this proposal.

The fishery sector’s NAP document is highly

relevant for the forthcoming NAPs of the other

sectors and is thus included in the framework

analysis in chapter 2.1.

❖ Water resources: Senegal has significant

surface and subterranean water resources,


which the population of the country depends

upon. As a source of drinking water, surface

water resources play a strategic role in national

development. Climate change negatively

impacts water resources through increasing

temperatures, and increasing variability in

precipitation levels, which can lead to periods of

drought or flooding.

❖ Coastal erosion: With its 718 kilometres of

shoreline, Senegal has a unique ecosystem,

rich and fragile at the same time. Around 50

percent of the country’s population live along

the coast and their activities contribute

significantly to GDP through fishing and

tourism. Nevertheless, the shoreline counts

among Senegal’s most vulnerable regions to

climate change. The main climate risk is sea

level rise, which is already causing extensive

coastal erosion. The impacts of coastal erosion

are salt water intrusion, salinization of aquifers

and flooding. These biophysical impacts entail

socio-economic impacts like loss of habitats,

damage to tourism infrastructure and loss of

arable land. Concerning seaside tourism, which

represents 50 percent of national tourism,

coastal erosion is one of the main threats. Along

the bathing site of Saly, 30 percent of the hotels

and resort have already lost their beaches,

formerly the main attraction of this region.

❖ Biodiversity: Senegal has a rich biodiversity,

including 3,093 plant species, 32 of them

threatened with extinction; and 4,330 animal

species, 112 of them threatened with extinction.

These ecosystems deliver numerous services

for local communities. However, climate

change affects precipitation patterns and

temperature regimes, which increases the risk

of extinction for certain species.

❖ Health: Climate change can have a direct

negative impact on the health of the population

through rising temperatures, change of

precipitation patterns, and humidity. These

climatic parameters have an influence on

vector-borne diseases such as malaria, yellow

fever and filariasis.

❖ Flooding: Rapid and inadequately managed

urbanisation and infrastructure growth is

exposing the population in these areas at risk of

flooding during periods of heavy rainfall.


Analysing the national context for NAP advancement

Policy and planning entry points

This chapter gives an overview of key documents

and development frameworks relevant to the focus

of the NAP process. The documents are

summarised in Table 1, including their relevance for

the NAP process, at the end of the chapter. As

mentioned before, Senegal needs a national CCA

plan or policy. Any mentions of adaptation often

refer to the environment sector. Other sectors only

marginally include CCA. The fisheries sector is the

first to incorporate NAP in a strategic manner. The

sector finalised a NAP document in June 20162.

The National Strategy for Economic and Social

Development 2013 – 2017 (Poverty Reduction

Strategy Paper) is the principal reference document

for the economic, social and environmental policy of

Senegal. Its goal was to reduce poverty to below 30

percent by accelerating economic growth, increase

access to basic social services, improve food

security, protect the population against natural

disasters, reduce inequality and ensure gender

equality and good governance. The National

Strategy for Economic and Social Development

assigns an important role to energy and recognises

climate change as a major challenge. However,

2 Government of Sénégal, ‘Plan National d’Adaptation du Secteur de la Pêche et de l’Aquaculture Face au Changement Climatique Horizon 2035’ (2016).

climate change is only addressed as part of

sustainable development. The Strategy recognises

the importance of mainstreaming sustainable

development and environmental issues and

integrating them at all levels of the local and

sectoral planning processes. It requests that the

environment and natural resources subsectors

implement its policies and strategies to reach the

targeted objectives. These include:

❖ Mitigating the effects of climate change on

ecosystems through the preservation and

management of natural resources by local

government units, the management of

community forests and the rational

management of forest resources, the fight

against bushfires, deforestation and land

degradation, the ecological management of

chemical products and waste, erosion control

and the systematic introduction of

environmental screening

❖ Developing capacities in environmental and

natural resources management through the

promotion of environmental education and

capacity building of environmental

stakeholders

❖ Promoting a green economy and the creation

of green jobs


❖ making rural ecosystems less vulnerable to

the effects of climate change by developing

agro-sylvo-pastoral activities, encouraging

private investment and controlling air and

water pollution.

This Strategy has been replaced by the Priority

Action Plan (PAP).

The Emerging Senegal Plan (Plan Sénégal

Emergent, or PSE) is the new development strategy

laid down for the period from 2014 to 2035, and now

constitutes the reference for economic and social

policy in the medium and long term. The PSE

replaces the National Strategy for Economic and

Social Development. The PSE aims to shift

Senegal’s economy from a developing to an

emerging one by 2035. It incorporates the country’s

public development policies and has three

dimensions: structural transformation of the

economy and growth; human capital, social

protection and sustainable development; and

governance, institutions, peace and security. More

precisely the three dimensions pertain to the

following:

1. A structural transformation of the economy

through the consolidation of current growth

sectors and the development of new sectors to

create wealth, jobs and social inclusion, and

with a view to boosting exports and attracting

investment.

2. A significant improvement in the well-being of

the population and stronger efforts to reduce

social inequality and preserve natural

resources.

3. The reinforcement of security, stability,

governance, the protection of rights and

liberties, and the consolidation of the rule of law

in order to create better conditions for social

peace.

The Emerging Senegal Plan is complemented by a

five-year PAP, which is built on the strategic pillars

and sector objectives of the PSE. The PAP applies

to the period from 2014 to 2018 and represents the

reference document for all medium-term

interventions by the state, by technical and financial

cooperation partners, by public-private

partnerships, and by civil society. Some of the 190

urgent measures (selected from the 451 measures

identified in the PSE) are pertaining to climate

change. These are assigned to the following

sectors:

❖ Risks and catastrophes

o This includes a project on rainwater

management and one project on climate

resilience and the management of risk and

catastrophes.

❖ Environment

o In this sector the plan mentions the project

titles Integration of Climate Change

Adaptation in the Country’s Sustainable

Development Pathway and another titled

Integrated Ecosystem Management in

Senegal.

The ‘Accelerated Programme for Agriculture in

Senegal’ (‘Programme de Relance et

d’Accélération de la Cadence de l’Agriculture

Sénégalaise’, or PRACAS), the agricultural

component of the PSE, was launched in February

2014. It is built around the vision of a competitive,

diversified and sustainable agriculture sector

aiming to be a major source of economic

development by 2017. This programme aligns with

previous agriculture development programmes,

being a reformulation of all of them and thus

maintaining continuity. As an initial step, the

government focused its investments on strategic

products to achieve self-sufficiency in rice and

onions by 2016 and 2017, optimise the performance


of the groundnut, and develop the off-season fruits

and vegetables sector. The programme will then

progressively cover all main agricultural

commodities.3

Senegal adopted its National Strategy for

Sustainable Development (Stratégie Nationale du

Développement Durable, or SNDD) in 2002 and

revised it in 2007. The strategy’s objective is to

integrate sustainable development into different

sector policies. It centres on the following strategic

axes: awareness for sustainable development;

sustainable production and consumption; economic

development; strengthening cooperation

mechanisms for sustainable development; and

promoting good governance.

Senegal developed a ‘Three-year Investment

Programme’ (Projet Triennal d’Investissements

Publics, or PTIP) for the period from 2015 to 2017.

It describes the distribution of public investments

and the planned investment programme for each

strategic pillar of the PSE and for each sector.

Climate change is only mentioned in the

environment sector and adaptation is not

mentioned. In terms of the environment sector, the

programme underlines the importance of mitigating

climate change effects on ecosystems through:

❖ Capacity development for environmental

management

❖ Promotion of green economy/green jobs

❖ Improving the ecosystem’s resilience in the

face of climate change

❖ Biodiversity conservation

The programme reiterates the following policy

priorities:

3 UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), ‘Country Factsheet on Food and Agriculture Policy Trends’ (2015).

❖ Promoting new energy sources such as biogas

and solar

❖ Sustainable management of forests, protected

areas, wetlands and nature reserves

❖ Fighting pollution and negative effects of

climate change

❖ Implementing a strategy on fighting coastal

erosion

The main programmes planned for this three-year

period are

❖ Programme for Aquaculture Development

❖ Programme for Eco-villages

❖ Programme for the Great Green Wall

❖ Programme on the Consolidation of fragile

coastal zones

❖ Programme on Forest Development and

Rehabilitation

The planned investments amount to about $65

million, or 5.6 percent of investments in the primary

sector).

Besides the environment sector, climate change is

not mentioned directly; only the section on

agriculture refers to the strong dependence on rain-

fed crops and the vulnerability to climate risks.

The Multi-year Framework of Sector-based

Expenses (Document de Programmation Pluri-

Annuelle des épenses, or DPPD) has to be

developed by all member countries (for each

ministry) of the West African Economic and

Monetary Union (Union Economique et Monétaire

Ouest Africaine, or UEMOA) zone by 1 January

2017. The main objectives of the DPPD are to:


• Ensure the conformity of budget and

expenditure programmes for

macroeconomic objectives

• Allocate available resources to the

ministries and constitutional institutions in

an effective and appropriate manner

according to the strategic priorities defined

in the national development documents

• Improve the operational performance by

enhancing efficiency and effectiveness in

public service delivery and the execution of

administrative and operational activities

The DPPD thus supports the preparation of budgets

by the ministerial departments for a minimum period

of three years.

Policy Framework for Environmental Management

Environmental Management policies in Senegal are

based on two principal documents, the National

Environmental Action Plan (1997) and the Letter of

Sector Policies (2004). The National Environmental

Action Plan represents a reference framework

identifying problems, stakeholders and solutions

with respect to the environment. Importantly, it gives

high priority to the integration of environmental

issues into the macro-economic planning process.

The Letter of Sector Policies presents the state of

the environment and aims at ensuring a sustainable

development, which reconciles growth and

environmental protection. Specific objectives

include mitigating resource degradation, improving

the capacities for planning and coordination of

environmental protection interventions, promoting

income-generating activities by combining the fight

against poverty with the fight against environmental

degradation, and environmental education, training

and awareness-raising to change people’s

behaviour with respect to the environment.

Under the UNFCCC, Senegal completed its First

National Communication in 1997, comprising a

vulnerability assessment and options for CCA. The

Second National Communication was submitted in

2010 and underlines key vulnerabilities. These

relate to agriculture/food security, coastal

zones/marine ecosystems, terrestrial ecosystems,

and industry. It also identified potential adaptation

measures. Senegal’s Third National

Communication dates from 2015. With regard to

adaptation the sectors health, water resources,

agriculture (including livestock), fisheries and

coastal zones are mentioned. For each of the

sectors, a list of adaptation options is included.

Senegal published its National Adaptation

Programme of Action (NAPA) in 2006. It contains an

overview of major impacts and vulnerabilities in

three areas particularly relevant to the country:

agriculture, coastal zones and water resources. It

builds on a participative study and an analysis of the

vulnerability of different regions and sectors with

respect to climate change. The principal human

vulnerabilities and livelihood impacts identified in

the NAPA are the following:

• reduced agricultural production

• reduced fisheries productivity

• water shortage and groundwater depletion

• food security

• income generation

• water pollution

• loss of biodiversity

• loss of land and land degradation


The NAPA prioritises adaptation measures by

taking into account their contribution to poverty

reduction, cost-efficiency, and potential contribution

to other international conventions. However,

implementation remains a challenge with only one

of the 14 priority adaptation projects currently being

implemented. The NAPA includes a comprehensive

process for M&E but there is no public record of this

having been implemented. (Campillo et al.: 2017)

The NAPA as well as Senegal’s Second and Third

National Communications have identified the

following adaptation priorities:

• Knowledge development on climate change

impacts and technology transfer

Mitigation of climate change impacts in the following

sectors:

o Social protection: natural disaster risk

management; dissemination of information

from early warning systems

o Housing: urbanisation plans; rainwater

drainage

o Human health: improvement of health

insurance; fighting sector-borne diseases;

epidemiological monitoring, information,

education and communication for

behavioural change; hygiene and

sanitation

• Adaptation and sustainable resource

management in the following sectors:

o Freshwater: controlling the use of

pesticides and fertilizers; water purification

systems; rainwater harvesting; seawater

desalinization; increase of water resources

(e.g. artificial lakes); water saving and

management strategies; enhancing the

efficiency of irrigation systems; policy of

managing the demand; protection of water

resources.

o Agriculture: development of agro-forestry

systems; crop diversification; selection of

crops with tolerance of extreme climatic

conditions; management and reuse of

water; efficient irrigation schemes;

sustainable agricultural techniques;

enhancing institutional capacities

o Livestock (as sub-sector of agriculture):

introduce new breeds; promote local

breeds; better animal health care; install

fodder reservoirs

o Coastal zones: improvement of land

planning; dissemination of information;

technical measures to prevent erosion

o Fishing: sustainable fish farming; restore

natural habitats; artificial reefs; aquaculture.

o Forestry: reforestation; protection against

bush fires

In 2015 Senegal submitted its Intended Nationally

Determined Contributions (INDC) paper, which is in

line with the PSE. The mitigation part of the INDC

refers to four sectors, namely energy, agriculture,

industry and waste management. When it comes to

adaptation, the INDC comprises eight sectors and

references adaptation options for the timeframe of

2016-2035. These eight sectors are:

❖ biodiversity

❖ coastal zones

❖ water resources

❖ fisheries

❖ agriculture

❖ livestock

❖ flooding and

❖ health

Both obstacles and key success factors for

implementing the adaptation measures are also

included in the document.


The Ministry of Water Affairs published the Action

Plan for Integrated Water Resource Management in

Senegal (Plan d’Actions pour la Gestion Intégrée

des Ressources en Eau du Sénégal - PAGIRE) in

2007. Integrated water resources management

aims to improve the efficient use of water resources

and establish a balance between ecosystems

preservation and water needs for agriculture and

industry. The PAGIRE encompasses three strategic

axes: (i) water management; (ii) the institutional

framework; and (iii) water exploitation/usage. The

objective of the first axis is to “enhance the

knowledge and management of water resources”,

the second axis aims at “establishing a favourable

environment to apply integrated water management

through legal, organisational and political reforms”

and the third axis’ goal is to “enhance the

communication, information and education and

awareness-raising towards water”4.

The Civil Protection Directorate (Direction de la

Protection Civile, or DPC) in the Ministry of the

Interior is responsible for Disaster Risk Reduction

(DRR) in Senegal. An initiative titled Civil Protection

and New Information Technologies initiative was

launched in 2016 by the Directorate. Under the

initiative, the government established the Inter-

Ministerial Operational Crisis Management Centre

(Centre Opérationnel de Gestion Interministériel

des Crises, or COGIC) to help anticipate and

respond to disasters. The centre is part of wider

modernisation of the country’s disaster risk

management. Mainstreaming of DRR is reflected in

the Economic and Social Policy Document

(Document de Politique Economique et Sociale, or

DPES), the National Strategy for Economic and

Social Development (Stratégie Nationale de

4 Government of Senegal, ‘Integrated Water Resources Management Action Plan (PAGIRE)’ (2007). Translated from the PAGIRE text, available from

Développement Economique et Sociale, or

SNDES) and in the Emerging Senegal Plan. In the

SNDES, in order to improve risk and catastrophe

management, the following strategic objectives

have been defined:

❖ Reduce major disaster risks, through the

development of contingency plans at national

and regional level, promotion of a culture of

disaster risk reduction and management,

monitoring of industrial major accidents,

setting up of an early warning system for

natural hazards, and improving the safety of

transport of hazardous materials.

❖ Improve the management of natural disasters

by setting up an assistance and insurance

mechanism, an emergency response fund and

strengthening the capacities of civil protection

actors.

In 2016 Senegal’s published its first NAP document,

for the fisheries/aquaculture sector. It contains a

risk/impact analysis of the sector with regards to

climate change as well as adaptation measures.

The measures are sub-divided into short-, medium-

and long-term timeframes for implementation. Also,

a coordination framework for the process of the

NAP in fisheries is described at the national and

regional/local levels. The document includes a

roadmap to implement the NAP.

Additionally, the Evaluation of Technical Needs

(Evaluation des Besoins Techniques, or EBT), was

published by the Ministry of Environment in 2012. It

refers to CCA in the sectors of agriculture and water

resources and describes how technologies for

adaptation measures were chosen and ranked. This

was done in a participatory process that involved

www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/dgpre_plan_d_actions_pour_la_gestion_integree_des_ressources_en_eau_du_senegal_2007.pdf

http://www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/dgpre_plan_d_actions_pour_la_gestion_integree_des_ressources_en_eau_du_senegal_2007.pdf




the EBT Senegal Committee. This committee is

composed of the relevant sector ministries, the

COMNACC, NGOs, the private sector and other

stakeholders. Further to the list of ranked

adaptation measures, the EBT also contains the

obstacles to implementing the measures. The

obstacles are divided into economic,

political/institutional and organisational/social

categories. Also, recommended solutions to the

obstacles are given.

Table 1 summarises the main policy and planning

documents and suggests their relevance for

Senegal’s NAP process. Only those rated as

medium or high relevance are listed.


Table 1: Overview of main policy and planning documents for NAP in Senegal

Policy/Strategy/

Law

Endorsement

/ Approval

date

Ministry /

Agency

Sectoral Focus

Relevance for NAP process and entry points

Emerging

Senegal Plan

(PSE)

(2014-2035)

2014

GoS

❖ Cross-cutting

❖ Highly relevant

❖ Climate risks are ranked as the most important obstacle for

implementing the PSE (rainfall deficit, phytosanitary problems,

flooding)

❖ Entry point for NAP process: NAP process can feed into the

strategic objectives in Workstream 1: structural transformation

of the economy and growth. The sectors cited here are also

the priority ones in the INDC (agriculture, livestock,

fisheries/aquaculture, habitat etc.). Furthermore, CCA should

be incorporated into Workstream 2: human capital, social

protection and sustainable development. Especially when it

comes to health, water and sanitation, prevention and

management of risks and catastrophes and environment and

sustainable development

Priority Action

Plan (PAP)

2014-2018 (built

on the strategic

pillars and

sector objectives

of the Emerging

Senegal Plan)

2014

MoEFP

❖ Risks and catastrophes

❖ Environment

❖ Highly relevant

❖ Specific PAP budgets have been developed for the agricultural

sector (CCA and diversification of products), for sustainable

development in general, and for DRR

❖ Entry point for NAP process: incorporating CCA in the next

phase of the PAP (2019-2023) should be a priority (also

according to the initial NAP roadmap)

Programme for

the Relaunch

and Acceleration

of Senegal’s

2014

Ministry of

Agriculture

Strategic axes:

❖ The modernisation of family-run farms and exploitations through

❖ The PRACAS is highly relevant for the NAP/CCA since it

covers the most vulnerable sector with regard to climate

change, namely agriculture


Agriculture

(PRACAS)

professional training for farmers, financing and adapted equipment

❖ Development of an agricultural and rural entrepreneurship based on a synergy between agri-business and small holder agriculture, respecting the environment, considering adaptation to climate change

❖ Considerable involvement of the youth and of women in the agricultural sector through establishing agricultural farms which support employment and enhance technical knowledge and adapted equipment

❖ Resilience of vulnerable population

❖ PRACAS is aiming at prioritised agricultural value chains and

will progressively tackle all principal agricultural chains of the

country. Climate change is explicitly mentioned in the second

strategic axis

❖ Entry point for NAP process: the value chain approach offers a

good entry point for the NAP process/CCA by examining the

effects of climate change and vulnerability for the prioritised

value chains and develop measures to increase their

resilience towards climate change

National

Strategy for

Sustainable

Development

(SNDD)

2002

revised in

2007

Ministry of

Planning,

sustainable

Develop-

ment and

International

Cooperation

Strategic axes:

❖ Awareness of sustainable development

❖ Sustainable production and consumption

❖ Economic development.

❖ Strengthening cooperation mechanisms for sustainable development and promoting good governance

❖ This document is highly relevant for the NAP process as it

defines priorities of GoS in terms of sustainable development.

Those priorities include CCA measures. Linkages should be

established between the strategy and the NAP

process/document

Three-year

Investment

Programme

(2015 - 2017)

(PTIP)

2014

Ministry of

Economy,

Finances

and

Planning

Main programmes:

❖ Programme on Aquaculture Development

❖ Programme on Eco-villages

❖ Programme on the Great Green Wall

❖ Highly relevant

❖ in the current version, two budget lines incorporate climate change adaptation aspects (agriculture, and risks & catastrophes)

❖ Entry point for NAP process: budgeting for climate change adaptation options.


❖ Programme on the Consolidation of Fragile Coastal Zones

❖ Programme on Forest Development and Rehabilitation

Multi-year

Framework of

Sector-based

Expenses

(DPPD)

As of

01/2017

All Ministries

❖ Cross-cutting focus.

❖

❖ Coherent with the PTIP

❖ Highly relevant for budgeting for CC in the relevant sectors

❖ Entry point for NAP process: budgeting for CCA options

Policy

Framework for

Environmental

Management,

based on the

National

Environmental

Action Plan

(1997) and the

Letter of Sector

Policies (2004).

1997/2004

Ministry of

Environment

The 1997 Action Plan identifies

problems, stakeholders and solutions

with respect to the environment,

giving priority to the integration of

environmental issues into macro-

economic planning.

❖ The main entry point for the NAP is the Specific Objective 2, “Reducing the degradation of the environment and natural resources, the adverse effects of climate change and the loss of biodiversity”

Second National

Communication

2010

Ministry of

Environment

Key vulnerabilities related to the

following:

❖ Agriculture/food security

❖ Coastal zones/marine ecosystems

❖ Terrestrial ecosystems and industry

❖ Medium: impacts are described for water resources, agriculture, coastal zones, health, fisheries, social protection etc., with respective information and adaptation options that can be a source of information for the NAP process

2015

Ministry of

Environment

The documents describe mitigation

potential as well as vulnerabilities

❖ Medium to high: the results of the vulnerability assessment for the five sectors should be incorporated in the NAP approach. Same applies for the adaptation options


Third National

Communication

and adaptation options for the

following sectors:

❖ Health

❖ Water resources

❖ Agriculture (including livestock)

❖ Fisheries

❖ Coastal zones

National

Adaptation

Programme of

Action (NAPA)

2006

Ministry of

Environment

Priority sectors:

- Coastal protection - Agro-forestry - Water resources - Awareness/education

❖ Medium to high: most projects of the NAPA have been

implemented in the agricultural and coastal protection sectors.

The sectors of water resources and of awareness/education

have not been addressed. The experiences made should be

integrated into the NAP process

Intended

Nationally

Determined

Contributions

(INDC)

2015

Ministry of

Environment

❖ Mitigation: energy, agriculture, industry, waste

❖ Adaptation: agriculture, forestry, fisheries, coastal zones, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, health, water resources, livestock

❖ High: the NAP process should be oriented and in line with the

priority sectors of the INDC

Integrated Water

Resources

Management

Plan (PAGIRE)

2007

Ministry of

Water

Affairs

Strategic axes and objectives:

1. Water management. Objective: enhance the knowledge and management of water resources

2. Institutional framework. Objective: establish a favourable environment to apply integrated water management through legal, organisational and political reforms

3. Water exploitation/usage. Objective: enhance the communication, information and education and

❖ High: Water resources management is one of the priority areas for CCA in Senegal and the PAGIRE is the key document of the water sector. Some measures in the first axis already take climate change into consideration (evaluate impacts of climate change on water resources, develop strategies to minimise climate change impacts, enhance competencies to evaluate climate change impacts on water resources). These are entry points to further introduce CCA in the water sector


awareness-raising towards water

DRR is a cross-

cutting theme

and is reflected

in three

documents:

DPES, SNDES

and PSE.

Strategic objectives:

❖ Reduce major disaster risks through: the development of contingency plans at national and regional level; promotion of a culture of disaster risk prevention and management; monitoring of industrial major accidents; setting up of an early warning system on natural hazards; and improve the safety of transport of hazardous materials

❖ Improve the management of natural disasters by setting up an assistance and insurance mechanism and an emergency response fund, and strengthening the capacities of civil protection agencies

❖ High: a close link to climate change and DRR must be established, to combat and adapt to catastrophes such as flooding

NAP of the Fisheries and Aquaculture sector

2016

Government

of Senegal

❖ The document on NAP in the fisheries/aquaculture sector has been drawn up in a participative manner with stakeholders in four regions

❖ Apart from a risk/impact analysis with regards to climate change it contains adaptation measures

❖ They are sub-divided into a short, medium and long-term timeframe

❖ High: It is the first document describing the NAP process in a sector and can be used as a guiding document when it comes to methodology, participation, M&E and sources of funding


❖ The coordination framework for the NAP in fisheries and sources for funding are described

❖ The document includes a roadmap

Evaluation of Technical Needs (Evaluation des Besoins Techniques, or EBT)

2012

Ministry of

Environment

❖ Evaluation of technical needs for adaptation for the agriculture and water resources sector

❖ Ranking of appropriate technologies for the two sectors

❖ High: The EBT provides guidance regarding the assessment and evaluation of adaptation measures in the NAP process in the sectors of agriculture and water resources


Institutional mechanisms and stakeholder mapping

The central ministry for anchoring the NAP process is

the Ministry of Economy, Finance and Planning

(MoEFP). Specifically, the General Division on

Planning and Economic Policies and the General

Division on Finance are relevant in this context. The

MoEFP has placed in each sector ministry a

representative officer responsible for monitoring the

sectoral budget. These officers work closely with the

financial administrative team of the sectoral ministry

in charge of the sectoral budget. During the drawing

up of sectoral ministry budgets, the sectoral financial

officer is involved and can advise the budget team

regarding the planning and on the financial allocation

process.

The Ministry of Environment and Sustainable

Development (MoE) is also a key player in the NAP

process, and jointly manages the process with the

MoEFP. MoE is responsible for planning of climate

change adaptation and accessing climate funds

through the GCF-accredited Ecological Monitoring

Centre (Centre de Suivi Ecologique, or CES). The

Environment Directorate, under the authority of the

MoE manages the implementation of the

government’s environment policies. The Environment

Directorate includes a climate change division. This

division is a technical unit of the Directorate, which

oversees the implementation of the objectives of the

UNFCCC at national level. In the NAP process, the

Directorate will coordinate the NAP process with high

participation of the MoEFP. A coordination team will

be set up in each sector with an identified coordinator

to work closely with the coordination team in the

Environment Directorate.

In 2011 the National Committee on Climate Change

(COMNACC) was established. The COMNACC can

intervene in all the fields relating to the

implementation of the UNFCCC and its protocols. It is

composed of around 50 representatives of a wide

range of institutions including the National Assembly,

line ministries (including finance, environment,

infrastructure, energy, health, trade, etc.), NGOs, the

chamber of commerce, employers’ federations, the

women’s association, the private sector, trade unions

and research institutions.

COMNACC’s role relates to information provision,

awareness raising and training, as well as to financing,

implementation and M&E of programmes and

projects in the area of climate change. The

COMNACC is sub-divided into thematic groups on

adaptation, mitigation, capacity building, technology

transfer, and finance. The members of the thematic

subgroups meet on a regularly basis, at least every

two months. The Committee meets three times a year,

before Subsidiary Body sessions, in preparation of

the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (CoP) and

again after the CoP. The core office of the COMNACC

meets at least every three months. The COMNACC

has the possibility to sign protocols with organisations

and projects for financial support for the

implementation of the NAP roadmap.

Via the COMNACC and its sub-committees, the

climate change division of the aforementioned

Environment Directorate is responsible for:

❖ Awareness raising and training on climate

change

❖ Climate change information and communication

❖ Integration of climate change into policies, plans

and programmes

❖ M&E of climate change projects


❖ Drawing up and implementation of NAMAs

❖ Development of INDC

❖ Drawing up and submission of the national

position for international negotiations

❖ Participation in international climate change

meetings/conferences

Besides the National Committee on Climate Change,

14 Regional Committees on Climate Change

(COMRECC) have been established. These

committees coordinate the climate change initiatives

in Senegal at the regional level. Moreover, a

multidisciplinary working group on climate change

has been created for information sharing and for

ensuring the functioning of the country’s early warning

system.

Recently, a Planning Unit has been created within the

Ministry of Environment and Sustainable

Development. This unit is in charge of linking the

ministry’s initiatives with the medium-term

expenditure framework and poverty reduction

initiatives. This presents an entry point for mobilising

internal and external resources for the

implementation of adaptation initiatives in the mid-

term.

In addition to climate funding by donors, Senegal is

planning to establish a National Climate Fund, with

the aim to mobilise and invest $100 million per year to

combat the adverse effects of climate change and

promote sustainable development 5 . Senegal’s

accredited entity under the GCF, the CSE, is also an

important component. Based in Dakar, its core

activities include environmental monitoring, natural

5 http://www.energies-renouvelables-afrique.com/fonds-national-climat-senegal/

resources management, and conducting

environmental impact assessments. It has built

partnerships at the local (subnational) and local levels,

as well as with international donors, in order to

develop climate change projects and programmes,

particularly in the areas of environment, agriculture

and livestock. The CSE is implementing the GCF-

funded project titled, ‘Increasing Resilience of

Ecosystems and Communities Through Restoration

of the Productive Bases of Salinized Lands’. The

project is to last four years, and the total project

investments are $8.2 million.

The Economic, Social and Environmental Council is

the second constitutional assembly in Senegal. It is

an advisory assembly that can be called on by the

President, the National Assembly, or the Prime

Minister. It analyses economic, social and

environmental developments and proposes reforms.

The council promotes dialogue and cooperation with

local communities and corresponding institutions

from different countries. It must be called upon by the

President regarding the development of bills for new

economic, social or environmental programmes and

plans. The council’s role is an advocacy role and it

also has voting rights on budget and laws. The council

is the second parliamentary framework. It has an

advisory role to the government and works on legal

and technical aspects of development issues.

A first mapping of stakeholders was done during the

workshop. The results are shown in Figure 1. The

map is divided into four categories of stakeholders

relevant for the NAP process:

❖ Government institutions

http://www.energies-renouvelables-afrique.com/fonds-national-climat-senegal/

http://www.energies-renouvelables-afrique.com/fonds-national-climat-senegal/


❖ Non-governmental institutions

❖ Donors and international organisations

❖ Private sector

Governmental institutions included: the MoE; the

Presidency; the General Directorate of Water

Resource Planning; the Directorate of Environmental

Planning and Monitoring; the Directorate of

Environment and Classified Establishments; the

COMNACC and COMRECCs; the Institute of

Agronomic Research; the National Institute of

Pedagogy; the National Aquaculture Agency; the

National Agency for Civil Aviation and Meteorology;

and the Directorate of Livestock.

NGOs included: ENDA (Environment Development

Action in the Third World, or Environnement et

Développement du Tiers-Monde); IED Afrique

(Innovation, Environment, Development, or

Innovation, environnement, développement); IUCN

(International Union for Conservation of Nature);

CONGAD (Council of Non-Governmental

Development Support Organisations, or Conseil des

Organisations Non Gouvernementales d’Appui au

Développement); and Wetlands International.

Private sector stakeholders were not described in

detail during the mapping exercise.

Donors and international organisations also play a

role in the NAP process, and were summarised as

Technical and Financial Partners (TFP) in the

stakeholder map.

UNDP plays a key role in supporting the NAP

process, through the NAP-GSP and through their

country office. They are involved in concrete

adaptation projects, the most recent one being the

project within the Least Developed Countries Fund

(LDCF) of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) to

further support the NAP process in Senegal.

In early 2017, Senegal was chosen as one of the

focus countries by a regional programme run by the

German international development agency,

Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit

(GIZ), titled Science-Based Support of the NAP

Process in Francophone LDCs in Sub-Saharan Africa

(Projet d’Appui Scientifique aux Processus de Plans

Nationaux d’Adaptation dans les Pays Francophones

les Moins Avancés d’Afrique Subsaharienne, or PAS-

PNA). based in Cotonou, Benin. The work in Senegal

started in February 2017 with a planning workshop

which contained an in-depth stakeholder mapping, a

SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,

threats) analysis and the update of the activities

matrix of the project.

In April 2017, the official launch of the PAS-PNA

project took place in Dakar with the participation of a

UNDP’s country office staff member as well as a

member of the NAP-GSP to ensure a close

cooperation and coordination of activities. The results

of both interventions will be taken into account during

the NAP process.


The technical and financial partners in Senegal meet

on a regular basis to coordinate donor support and

activities. This platform can also be used as a further

mechanism to enhance coordination and avoid work

duplication (www.ptfsenegal.org).

http://www.ptfsenegal.org/


Figure 1: Stakeholders’ map for the NAP process in Senegal


Existing CCA and other initiatives of relevance to the NAP

Senegal has a long history of adapting to climate

variability and dealing with problems and disasters,

such as floods, coastal erosion and droughts, which

will be exacerbated by climate change. The

government is supporting the collection of relevant

data on climatic changes and socio-economic and

ecosystem impacts, through the technical services of

relevant ministries (transport, environment, water,

planning, etc.). In addition, numerous projects that

address the impacts of current climate variability are

ongoing at the local level. These include

reforestation, irrigation and mangrove restoration

schemes and the development of risk and disaster

management plans.

Other noteworthy initiatives on CCA are project-

based and often lack coordination. These projects

include the following:

1) Adaptation to Climate Change - Responding to

Climate Change and to its Human Dimensions in

West Africa through the Integrated Management

of the Coastal Area, implemented by (United

Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organisation) UNESCO and UNDP. It consists of

three components:

Component 1: Steering activities to increase the

adaptive capacity of coastal communities in the

participating countries.

Component 2: Mainstreaming of adaptation into

policies and programmes.

Component 3: Increasing the ability to plan for and

respond to climate and coastal change.

2) Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change

Adaptation, supported by the World Bank’s

Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and

Recovery (GFDRR). The project’s

implementation agency was the DPC. In the

context of the project, a natural hazard and

climate change risk mapping of the Dakar

metropolitan area has been completed to address

the issue of increasing risk exposures in rapidly

expanding urban and peri-urban areas. Moreover,

a new disaster risk management methodology

combining state-of-the-art remote sensing spatial

analysis and institutional capacity assessment

based on field-surveys and interviews was

developed.

3) Supporting Integrated and Comprehensive

Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in

Africa – Senegal, completed by UNDP under the

Africa Adaptation Programme. It aimed to increase

overall adaptive capacity in the vulnerable areas

of agriculture, health, water and coastal protection

through policy-level, multi-sectoral approaches.

Studies on adaptation costs, reforestation, land

management, water supply options, sectoral

climate vulnerability, natural disaster risk

assessment and the integration of disaster

management in the National Poverty Reduction

Paper were conducted. This knowledge building

was coupled with training of staff from research

institutions, technical agencies, government

departments, parliament and regional councils on

how to integrate climate modelling in short-to-

medium-term planning.


4) Climate Change Adaptation and Development

Initiative, jointly implemented by UN Environment

and UNDP from 2008 to 2011, and financed by

Danish development agency DANIDA. The

initiative supports the integration of CCA into

national development planning and decision-

making frameworks. Under the initiative, the

project titled Integrating Climate Change Risk

Implications in National Planning and Strategic

Programming has been implemented in Senegal.

5) Strengthening Land & Ecosystem Management

under Conditions of Climate Change in the Niayes

and Casamance Regions- Republic of Senegal,

implemented by UNDP. The executing agency

was the MoE. The project had three components:

(i) climate and socio-environmental information

platform for determining climate-driven

vulnerabilities and cost-effective adaptation

options in Niayes and Casamance; (ii) reducing

climate driven risks in target ecosystems and land

through adaptive restoration measures; and (iii)

knowledge and information support mechanisms.

6) Partnership for the Adaptation of Populations

Vulnerable to Soil Salinity due to Climate Change,

implemented by the Senegalese Institute for

Agricultural Research and operational from 2009

to 2012. Focusing on the agricultural sector, its

objective was to increase stakeholders’ capacity to

adapt to climate change impacts, in particular to

soil salinization.

7) Climate Change Adaptation Project in Watershed

Management and Water Retention, financed by

the LDCF and implemented by the International

Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The

project’s executing partners include the MoA, the

MoW and the MoE. The project’s objective is to

provide support in terms of mainstreaming climate

into agriculture and water management policies

and strategies at national and local levels, by

initiating three thematic studies on climate change

impacts in relation to: agriculture, including

drought-resistant and improved crop varieties, and

livestock; water management; and value chain

development.

8) Mainstreaming Ecosystem-based Approaches to

Climate-resilient Rural Livelihoods in Vulnerable

Rural Areas through the Farmer Field School

Methodology, a project of the Food and Agriculture

Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the

GEF. This involved an assessment of climate

change threats and opportunities and the

identification of key strategic elements to inform

decision-making. The implementing partners

include the MoA; the MoE; the National Agency for

Civil Aviation and Meteorology (Agence National

de l’Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie, or

ANACIM) and the CSE.

9) Integration of Climate Change in the Sustainable

Development in Senegal, a project that ran from

2010 to 2012. It was financed by the Japanese

government via the Africa Adaptation Programme

and implemented by UNDP. The main

implementing partner has been the Environment

Directorate of the MoE. The project’s objective

was to integrate adaptation into development

policies and objectives by developing institutional


structures and capacities, awareness raising and

financial mechanisms.

10) Adaptation to Coastal Erosion in Vulnerable

Areas, implemented by the CSE from 2011 to

2014, and financed by the Adaptation Fund.

Executing entities were the Directorate of

Environment, NGOs and community associations.

The project sites encompassed three coastal

areas and aimed to protect people, houses,

economic and cultural infrastructure in the region

against coastal erosion. Across all three project

sites, the aim was to develop regulations that

encompass adaptation, the revision of the

environmental code, the adoption of a coastlines

act (loi du littoral), and helping local people better

understand CCA techniques in coastal areas and

about the importance of respecting regulations for

the management of coastal zones.

11) Increasing Resilience of Ecosystems and

Communities through Restoration of the

Productive Bases of Salinized Lands, a four-year

project approved by the Green Climate Fund

(GCF) in November 2015. Executing entities are

the IUCN, Senegal’s National Soil Science

Institute (Institut National de Pédologie, or INP)

and the African Network for Integrated

Development (Réseau Africain pour le

Développement Intégré, or RADI). The project’s

objectives, according to the GCF, are to improve

knowledge and planning with the aim to restore

salinized lands. Implementation measures include

hydraulic works, reforestation, anti-soil erosion

systems, and use of adapted agriculture”.

12) Stormwater Management and Climate Change

Adaptation Project for Senegal (Projet de Gestion

des Eaux Pluviales, or PROGEP), financed by

the World Bank and the Government of Senegal.

Its objective is to improve stormwater drainage

and flood prevention in peri-urban areas of

Dakar. The four components the project are:

(i) flood risk mainstreaming in the urban

sector;

(ii) drainage investment and management;

(iii) community engagement in urban flood-

risk reduction and adaptation to climate

change; and

(iv) project coordination, management, and

M&E.

The project started in 2012 and will run until

2019. It is implemented by the Municipal

Development Agency.

13) The Senegal NAP, funded by the GEF/LDCF. Its

objective, according to the GEF, is to: “Strengthen

the capacity of sectoral ministries and local

governments to better assess the implications of

climate change and to adjust existing policies and

budgets for the integration of medium and long-

term climate change risks and adaptation

measures”. The timeframe for implementation

through the UNDP is 36 months, starting time is

expected to be in 2017.The other executing

agency is the MoE. The project will target steps

under Element A of the NAP process, namely

“Addressing capacity gaps and weaknesses in

undertaking the NAP process” (Step 3), as well as

adjusting policies for long-term resilience to

climate change under Element C. The project will

be perfectly complementing the current proposal

to the GCF since it will contribute to the

advancement of the NAP process in Senegal. It


will be crucial to avoid duplications during the

implementation of the two projects.

14) The Science-Based Support of the NAP Process

in Francophone LDCs in Sub-Saharan Africa

(Projet d’Appui Scientifique aux Processus de

Plans Nationaux d’Adaptation dans les Pays

Francophones les Moins Avancés d’Afrique

Subsaharienne, or PAS-PNA), a regional project

with Senegal as one of the two focus countries

with Benin. Target groups are ministries with a

coordinating role for the NAP process, relevant

stakeholders, and negotiators and experts from

the CoP. The main outcome of the programme is

an increase in capacities to carry out a science-

based and impact-oriented NAP process in the

partner countries. Work in Senegal started in early

2017. The four envisaged outputs are: (i) capacity

development; (ii) improving science-based

information; (iii) conduct pilot stages of adaptation

measures; and (iv) a regional francophone NAP

platform. Similar to the GCF project, duplications

need to be avoided and coherence and

cooperation between the programmes established.


Table 2: CCA initiatives of relevance for the NAP process

Name/ Responsible institution/

Donor/ Budget

Main objectives

Relevance for the NAP

1. Adaptation to Climate Change -

Responding to Climate Change

and to Its Human Dimensions in

West Africa through the

Integrated Management of the

Coastal Area (2008-2012)/

UNESCO and UNDP/ GEF/

$13.7 million

▪ Implement pilot activities to increase the

adaptive capacity of coastal communities

in the participating countries

▪ Mainstream adaptation into policies and

programmes

▪ Build capacities to increase the ability to

plan for and respond to climate and

coastal change

▪ Medium: The project was focused on the coastal areas, not

specifically taking one sector into account

2. Disaster Risk Management and

Climate Change Adaptation/

DPC (2012-2015 (first phase)/

World Bank: Global Facility for

Disaster Reduction and

Recovery (GFDRR)/ $4.7 million

▪ Map the natural hazard and climate

change risks of the Dakar metropolitan to

address increasing risk exposures in

rapidly expanding urban and peri-urban

areas

▪ Develop a new disaster risk management

methodology combining state-of-the-art

remote sensing spatial analysis and

institutional capacity assessment based

on field surveys and interviews

▪ Establish an inter-ministerial operational

crisis management centre (COGIC) in

Dakar

▪ High: It is a prerequisite that the NAP and the disaster risk

management initiative are closely linked together to build on

one another and profit from achievements and lessons learnt

from the first phase of the disaster risk management project

3. Supporting Integrated and

Comprehensive Approaches to

Climate Change Adaptation in

▪ Mainstream and integrate CCA into policy,

governance, and core development

objectives through institutional framework,


Africa – Senegal (2008-2011)/

Japan International Cooperation

Agency and MoE/ UNDP (Africa

Adaptation Programme)/ $92.1

million – for all 20 countries in the

programme

policy reform, capacity building,

awareness raising and financial

mechanisms

▪ Increase overall adaptive capacity in the

vulnerable areas of agriculture, health,

water and coastal protection through

policy-level, multi-sectoral approaches

▪ Develop a series of training courses

(carried out by JICA) to build knowledge

and capacity of relevant Senegalese

stakeholders

▪ High: The NAP process should take into account lessons

learned from the multi-sectoral approach. The sectors of this

initiative are in line with the INDC/NAP sectors

4. Climate change DARE: Climate

Change Adaptation and

Development Initiative (2008 -

2011)/ UN Environment and

UNDP/ DANIDA

▪ Integration of CCA into national

development planning and decision-

making frameworks.

▪ Implement project Integrating Climate

Change Risk Implications in National

Planning and Strategic Programming” has

been implemented

▪ High: A climate change DARE scoping mission was

undertaken in Senegal in May 2008, where a stakeholder

consultation was held with participants from ministries,

NGOs and development partners. The objective of the

project was to build the capacities of the Senegal River Delta

region populations to enable the population to employ

agricultural practices that are adapted to climate change.

The project raised awareness of the population and elected

representatives on integration of climate risks in urbanization

plans for Rufisque and Bargny

5. Strengthening Land &

Ecosystem Management under

Conditions of Climate Change

in the Niayes and Casamance

Regions (implementation since

mid-2015)/ MoE/ LDCF and

UNDP/ $48 million

▪ Establish climate climate and socio-

environmental information platform for determining climate-driven vulnerabilities and cost-effective adaptation options in Niayes and Casamance

▪ Reduce climate-driven risks in target ecosystems and land through adaptive restoration measures

▪ Establish knowledge and information support mechanisms

▪ Medium: The project’s regions cover 1/7 of Senegal’s

territory, and more notably the outputs of the first component

are relevant for the NAP process (weather, climate and

hydrological observation network, region-specific information

system for climate change risk assessment). In connection

with coastal protection, reference can be made to the outputs

of the third component: strengthened human technical

capacity through improved knowledge and information

support, and a communication strategy to access and use

climate prediction and information


6. Partnership for the Adaptation of

Populations Vulnerable to Soil

Salinity due to Climate Change

(2009 -2012)/ Senegalese

Institute for Agricultural

Research/ DFID and IDRC

▪ Increase stakeholders’ capacity to adapt

to climate change impacts, in particular to

soil salinization (focus on agricultural

sector)

▪ Low: very specific theme (soil salinization)

7. Climate Change Adaptation

Project in Watershed

Management and Water

Retention (2012-2016)/ IFAD and

MoA, MoH, and MoE/ GEF-

LDCF/ $16 million

▪ Provide support in terms of mainstreaming

climate into agriculture and water

management policies and strategies at

national and local levels

▪ Initiate three thematic studies on climate

change impacts in relation to the following

areas: agriculture, including drought-

resistant and improved crop varieties, and

livestock; water management; and value

chain development

▪ High: the results and lessons learned from this programme

should be considered when assessing adaptation options in

the sector of water resources and agriculture

8. Mainstreaming Ecosystem-

Based Approaches to Climate-

Resilient Rural Livelihoods in

Vulnerable Rural Areas through

the Farmer Field School

Methodology (2015-2020)/ MoA,

MoE, ANACIM and CSE/ GEF

and FAO/ $30.8 million

▪ Assessment of climate change threats and

opportunities

▪ Identification of key strategic elements to

inform decision-making

▪ High: The NAP process should take results into account for

the agricultural sector and the mainstreaming of CCA

9. Integration of climate change into

Sustainable Development in

Senegal (2010-2012)/UNDP and

the Environment Directorate of

the MoE/ Japanese government

via the Africa Adaptation

▪ Integrate adaptation into development

policies and objectives by developing

institutional structures and capacities,

awareness raising and financial

mechanisms

▪ High: The NAP process should take the results into account


Programme/ $92 million

(regional)

10. Adaptation to Coastal Erosion in

Vulnerable Areas (2011-2014)/

CSE/ Adaptation Fund/ $8.6

million

▪ Conduct technical feasibility studies for

the design of coastal protection facilities,

▪ Set up protection facilities in vulnerable

areas

▪ Conduct environmental impact

assessment studies, monitor the

implemented environmental and social

management plan

▪ Develop regulations that encompass

adaptation

▪ Adoption of coastline legislation

▪ High: The NAP process should build on lessons learned from

this project (adaptation measures in coastal areas) and also

on the revision of the environmental code for mainstreaming

CCA

11. Increasing Resilience of

Ecosystems and Communities

through Restoration of the

Productive Bases of Salinized

Lands (2016-2020)/ IUCN, INP

and RADI/ GCF/ $8.2 million

▪ Restore salinized lands through improved

knowledge and planning, and implement

measures such as water infrastructure,

reforestation, anti-soil erosion systems,

and use of adapted agriculture

▪ Strengthen capacity to develop

desalinization and land management

plans, raise awareness, and improve

knowledge by creating maps and a real-

time database of salinized land

▪ High: There is much for the NAP process to learn from the

envisaged adaptation measures. These include the

construction of small dams and artificial basins, large ponds,

anti-salinization works, and use of drip irrigation. Biological

measures will include reforestation, protection of soils

against erosion, mangrove restoration, promotion of bio-

saline agriculture, and use of natural phosphate, manures,

and composts to improve soil fertility

12. Storm Water Management and

Climate Change Adaptation

Project (PROGEP) (2012-

2019)/ Municipal Development

Agency/ World Bank and GoS/

$72 million

▪ Improve storm water drainage and flood

prevention in peri-urban areas of Dakar for

the benefit of residents, through the

following measures:

• flood risk mainstreaming in the urban

sector

• drainage investment and management

▪ High: Lessons for the NAP process include those learned

from the city of Dakar case on flood prevention for other flood

prone cities in Senegal


• community engagement in urban

flood-risk reduction and adaptation to

climate change

• project coordination, management

M&E

13. Senegal National Adaptation

Plan (2017-2019)/ MoE/ UNDP

and GEF-LDCF/ $12 million

(including co-financing)

▪ strengthen the capacity of sectoral

ministries and local governments to better

assess the implications of climate change

and to adjust existing policies and budgets

for the integration of medium and long-

term climate change risks and adaptation

measures

▪ High: It directly addresses the NAP process in Senegal

focusing on: addressing capacity gaps and weaknesses in

undertaking the NAP; and adjusting policies for long-term

resilience to climate change. It is important that NAP support

and work closely with this initiative to avoid duplication

14. Science-based Support of NAP

Process in Francophone LDC

in Sub-Saharan Africa/ GIZ

(2016-2019), $4.35 million

(regional)

▪ Increase the capacities to carry out a

science-based and impact-oriented NAP

process in the partner countries, through

the following four outputs:

▪ capacity development

▪ improving science based information

▪ pilot adaptation measures

▪ regional francophone NAP platform

▪ High: Senegal is one of the two focus countries. The work in

Senegal started in the second quarter of 2017. Alignment

with the aforementioned GEF project is a prerequisite to

avoid parallel work and duplications


Analysing the strengths, weakness and gaps

Status of climate change integration

As mentioned, Senegal has no specific climate

change policy in place. Yet, from the NAPA and a

number of other CCA projects, knowledge and

experience exists in the country on how to tackle

climate change (e.g. flood risk management, coastal

erosion, agriculture). For the time being, Senegal has

no exclusive CCA budget line in its expenditure

framework, but plans are well advanced to set up a

national CCA fund. The political will is strong to take

up CCA in Senegal’s main development framework,

the Emerging Senegal Plan (PSE) and into the

Priority Action Plan (PAP).

Several priority sectors for CCA were identified in the

INDC. These sectors should also be the priority

sectors for the NAP process and include: Economy,

budget and development planning, agriculture,

livestock, fisheries, tourism, water, land management,

urban development, environment, health and disaster

risk reduction and management. Table 3 provides an

overview of the status of climate mainstreaming in

these key sectors relevant to the NAP process.


Table 1: Status of climate mainstreaming in key processes and sectors

Area/sector

Institution in charge

Status of Climate Change Mainstreaming

Economy, budget and development planning

Ministry of Economy, Finance and Planning

Climate change is marginally represented in the national budget

and planning process led by this ministry (PTIP and PAP). But most

of adaptation actions/programmes come from sectors, especially

MoE and MoA. The mainstreaming of climate change into the Multi-

year Framework of Sector-Based Expenses (DPPD) will be crucial.

Staff in charge of planning and budgeting in the Ministry of

Economy does not have strong skills or knowledge regarding CC

impacts. This is a barrier to increasing the level of mainstreaming of

climate change into national budgeting and planning, as this

ministry has power of arbitrage.

Agriculture

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Equipment

Compared to other sectors, more climate change mainstreaming is undertaken in this sector. However, compared to the needs, the level of mainstreaming is still low. The sectoral agricultural policy (PRACAS 2014) has many adaptation options planned, but climate risks like extreme rainfall and wind impacts (especially at the end of the rainy season when cereal crops are flourishing) are not concretely addressed in the document. Decreasing rainfall is integrated through setting up new crop varieties, but measures to adapt to poor temporal distribution of rain are still not included. There are broad proposals for irrigation but the “how” is not stated. Impacts of temperature increase on soil fertility is not well understood and not included in the policy. There is also a lack of promotion of the energy-agriculture nexus to promote water irrigation, and also of the transformation of agricultural products to increase added value and adaptive capacities and resilience to climate change of farmers.

Livestock

Ministry of Animal Husbandry and Livestock Production

Some adaptation actions on managing pastoral resources (fodder and water) through pastoral units are being implemented. But effectiveness of these experiences are still challenged, and need to be improved. Moreover, there is a huge knowledge gap on the impacts of heat and extreme rainfall on animals and their husbandry. The link between future climate change and animal health and fodder and water for animals (pond water) is not very well understood. These gaps are reflected in the weak level of mainstreaming of climate change into the livestock sector.

Fisheries

Ministry of Fisheries and Maritime Economy

The mainstreaming of CCA in the sector is finalised in the NAP-Fisheries document (June 2016).

Tourism

Ministry of Tourism and Air Transport


One of the main concerns for this sector linked to climate change is coastal erosion, which endangers tourism infrastructure along the coastline. Mainstreaming of CCA in the sector is low.

Water

Ministry of Water Affairs

In this sector, more evidence on how climate change will impact water resources is needed. Also, there are only few concrete actions planned and implemented to promote efficient water use (PAGIRE 2007). The only interesting action which is being run is the desalination of ocean water. There is a project on this issue to face the issue of water resource scarcity. There is also a lack of promotion of the energy-agriculture nexus to promote water irrigation, and also the promotion of water availability for human and animals. Senegal’s Water Law dates back to 1981 and does not mention climate change.

Land management

Cross-cutting subject affecting several ministries

Land management practices and techniques currently implemented

in Senegal do not address climate change. Farmers, pastoralists

and loggers who are the main users of land and natural resources

are using almost the same practices and techniques as 30-40 years

ago. Some efforts have been made in terms of replanting. There is

an initiative of assisted natural regeneration. In pastoralism, some

initiatives are in place such as the creation of pastoral units to

improve availability and quality of natural fodder resources, but

impacts are very limited and there is no dynamic to replicate this

kind of initiative.

Under the World Bank’s Project for the Sustainable and

Participatory Management of Traditional Alternative Energy (Projet

de Gestion Durable et Participative des Energies Traditionnelles de

Substitution, or PROGEDE), some successful actions on forest

management with charcoal exploitation have been implemented.

PROGEDE is promoting the regeneration of forests through a forest

management approach under which loggers divide forests into

plots.

Urban development

Ministry of Urban Renewal, Habitat and Living Environment

A programme titled Stormwater Management and Climate Change

Adaptation Project for Senegal (PROGEP) is in place, funded by

the Government of Senegal and the World Bank. It is the main

initiative implemented in the urban sector. Most efforts are limited to

the city of Dakar. Many others cities are facing serious problems

with floods, but there are no urban plans in place which take into

account climate change extremes. Cities are getting bigger without

any action to mitigate floods (no infrastructure to manage rainwater)

The status of mainstreaming is very weak in this sector. The law on

urbanisation (1988) does not mention climate change.

Environment

This sector is very similar to the one on Land Management,

especially in forestry aspects. Apart from this aspect, the sector


Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development

comprises coastal erosion issues, protected areas issues,

biodiversity, air quality etc. The level of mainstreaming is more

advanced than in other sectors, but gaps remain, as the process of

coastal erosion is not yet well understood, and the impacts of

climate change on many fauna and flora species are not well

known. Commitments undertaken under the UN framework are

highlighted as the basis for actions on climate change in Senegal’s

environment code (2001).

The law on forest (1998) lacks climate change aspects.

Health

Ministry of Health and Social Action

Mainstreaming of climate change is partly achieved in this sector, as there are national programmes on some diseases closely related to climate change like malaria.

Disaster risk reduction and management

Ministry of the Interior and Public Security

Disaster risk reduction and management is not a stand-alone sector

in Senegal, but a strategy under the Ministry of the Interior and

Public Safety.

From 2012-2015 the World Bank financed a $4.7 million project

titled Managing Risks and Catastrophes and Adaptation to Climate

Change (Projet de Gestion des Risques et Catastrophes et

d’Adaptation au Changement Climatique). The objectives were to

enhance the institutional framework on disaster risk reduction and

management, set up an early warning system, and to enhance

preparedness and response capacity to catastrophes.

SWOT analysis

The following SWOT analysis for Senegal’s NAP process is summarised in Table 4. The table complements the

results of a SWOT analysis undertaken by GIZ’s PAS-PNA project in 2017 in Dakar.


Table 4: SWOT-Analysis of the NAP

Strengths (internal origin) Weaknesses (internal origin)

• National Climate Change Committee (COMNACC) and regional structures (COMRECC) exist.

• Significant knowledge of climate change and CCA needs within ministries

• On-going experience with implementation of NAPA and other CCA projects

• In-country experience with characterising future climate risks (National Communications)

• Identified and motivated stakeholders.

• Available information (climate data and socio-economic data)

• Existence of long-term development framework (PSE) with clear phases and entry points for CCA

• Strong multi-year budgeting framework (DPPD, PTIP)

• Development of the NAP-fisheries with support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), thus experience in the development of an NAP

• A National Climate Fund is being developed.

• MoE has good convening powers

• There is political will for CCA (signing of international conventions, drawing up of strategic documents)

• COMNACC’s authority is weak, COMRECCS are yet to be operational

• Projects on CCA to date (agriculture/fisheries) do not take the complexity and multi-sectoral impacts of climate change into account

• Few economic assessments in Senegal showcase the economic impacts of climate change with and without adaptation

• Little political traction for implementing proactive responses and climate risk management,

• Insufficient institutional and technical capacities (to interpret the effects of climate change on various sectors)

• Unequal dissemination of technical competencies and knowledge in institutions

• Limited dialogue and inter-sectoral coordination within the government

• Weak communication of projected climate change information to decision makers

• Fragmented leadership, mandate and institutional barriers on CCA issues

• Budget gaps and insufficient information to guide reallocation of budgets to address CCA

• Insufficient support or intermittent parliamentarians and opinion leaders

• Limited regulatory and political framework

• Insufficient involvement and responsibility of local-level actors (local collectives, producers organisations)

• Insufficient appraisal of local knowledge of CCA.

Opportunities (external origin) Threats (external origin)

• Donor funding and strong presence of technical and financial partners with ongoing CCA projects.

• Experienced NGOs in the field of CCA

• Legal framework under revision provides an opportunity to strengthen linkages between environment and development

• CCA is seen as a factor to add value to development projects

• National Accredited Entity to the GCF (CSE) with direct access to climate funding

• The Government has declared an interest in involving the private sector in financing CCA measures

• Access to finer-resolution climate scenarios (to support planning) needs to be improved

• Lack of use of socio-economic parameters together with climate, societal and environmental data.

• Uncertain financial resources for CCA


On the side of the strengths, the COMNACC deserves

mention. Established in 1992, it will be the designated

coordination mechanism of the NAP process. But its

authority needs strengthening and the regional

structures (COMRECCs) need to be operationalised

to make CCA work at the regional (subnational) level

as well. Another strength is Senegal’s long-standing

experience of CCA projects and programmes, several

of them implemented with national organisations. The

three National Communications published to date

demonstrate the in-country experience of

characterising future climate risks and assessing

adaptation measures for vulnerable sectors including

agriculture and fisheries. The NAP process could

build on these experiences and results.

The availability of climate and socio-economic data is

a further strength, especially socio-economic data

accessible via the internet-based Senegal Data

Portal6. When it comes to climate data, information is

available, but not systematically assembled and

made accessible e.g. in the form of an online platform.

Senegal has a long-term development framework in

form of the PSE, which offers entry points for CCA.

The Multi-year Framework of Sector-Based

Expenses (DPPD) and the Three-Year Investment

Programme (PTIP) are entry points for CCA. The

PTIP already counts coastal zones and forestry in

their main programmes as sectors vulnerable to

climate change. The DPPD offers cross-sectoral

opportunities for budgeting for CCA measures. For

the development of the NAPs for the defined priority

sectors, the ministries can profit from the experience

made during the development of the NAP-fisheries

document.

6 http://senegal.opendataforafrica.org/

Weaknesses of the SWOT analysis stated that

current CCA projects focus on a sectoral perspective.

The complexity and multi-sectoral impacts of climate

change are not sufficiently taken into account. Also,

the economic perspective of climate change impacts

is not taken into consideration in economic

assessments. Although climate change focal points

are installed in the ministries, the general institutional

and technical capacities to interpret the effects of

climate change on various sectors are insufficient and

definitely need to be improved to address the

weakness of uneven dissemination of knowledge and

competencies in the institutions (e.g. in the ANACIM).

The dialogue and inter-sectoral coordination on

climate change is also a weakness, whereas the NAP

training was a starting point for dialogue. It made clear

that climate change can only be tackled with a multi-

sectoral approach and is not exclusively an

environmental issue, since it raised the interest of

various ministries.

Regarding the opportunities for the NAP process,

donor funding of various CCA projects and the

presence of TFPs in the country are a plus. Senegal

has experienced numerous international donors and

their funding of projects on CCA. They include The

World Bank, UN Environment, UNDP, FAO and JICA.

Apart from NGOs, who also have experience of

implementing CCA at the local level, Senegal hosts

the Ecological Monitoring Centre (CSE), the

accredited entity to the GCF with direct access to

climate funding. Currently, the CSE is implementing

the GCF-funded project titled Increasing Resilience of

Ecosystems and Communities through Restoration of

the Productive Bases of Salinized Lands.


When considering the threats to Senegal’s NAP, it

should be stated that access to finer-resolution

climate models (e.g. Regional Climate Models – RCM)

needs to be improved for planning at the regional or

local levels. For example, UNDP’s climate change

country profile for Senegal is based on data from the

Global Climate Model (GCM), and the same applies

for the Climate Fact Sheet Senegal from the Climate

Service Center in Germany. In Senegal’s Third

National Communication (adaptation section) the

RCM approach has been applied, but information on

this is not described in detail in the document.

Another threat is the lack of socio-economic

parameters when it comes to CCA. Adaptation must

be seen not only from an environmental perspective,

but from a holistic approach that considers adaptation

measures in the wider context of social, economic,

environmental and cultural sustainability.

Finally, note should be taken on the lack of financial

resources for CCA. Most of the CCA projects are

donor-funded, a few of them co-financed by the GoS.

To ensure that CCA is higher on the agenda (and in

the budgets), more advocacy for CCA and NAP is

required.

Summary of challenges, barriers and gaps to advance the NAP

The regulatory and political framework on CCA in

Senegal is limited. Most of the regulations at sectoral

and subnational levels lack substantial mention of

climate change or CCA.

Mainstreaming climate change into the different

sectors needs to be enhanced by, for example,

developing partnerships with TFPs, and by mapping

and strengthening capacities in the sectors.

CCA is seen as a sectoral issue and not a cross-

cutting concern, which needs to be remedied, and

specific indicators need to be identified. Also,

mainstreaming of CCA in national and subnational

development planning and budgeting is needed. CCA

is now only mentioned in the PSE, the PAP and the

PTIP. More widely, entry points for DPPD need to be

analysed.

Limited CCA coordination could be addressed at the

inter-ministerial level. For example, COMNACC’s

mandate should be strengthened and clarified.

Capacity could also be strengthened with regard to

the assessment and appraisal of adaptation options.

Key stakeholders should be trained on economics of

adaptation. Access to climate and vulnerability

information should be granted to stakeholders from

government, NGOs, donors and the private sector.

The basis for decision making needs to be improved

via stocktaking of the situation, training on risk

evaluation, development of impact indicators etc. An

evaluation of NAPA and other CCA projects can be

entry points for setting up an M&E system.

Communication and awareness-building about the

NAP process should be addressed via a

communication plan with clear objectives. This plan

must ensure that decision makers and other key

actors are involved in and made aware of the

importance of the NAP process.

The following table lists the gaps and challenges

described above, as well as proposed strategic

interventions at the political and the organisational

levels.


Table 5: Gaps, challenges and possible strategic interventions for the NAP process in Senegal

Elements for political/institutional assessment

Challenges/barriers and gaps Proposed strategic interventions

Limited regulatory and political framework

on CCA.

- Most sectoral regulations need to be revised to include CCA.

- Mainstreaming CCA in the relevant sectors:

• Conduct sectoral consultations

• Develop partnerships with TFPs and ministries to

identify funds.

• Map and strengthen capacities at sector level

• Invest in R&D for CCA

Limited mainstreaming of CCA into national

and subnational development planning and

budgeting.

- Develop mechanisms for CCA mainstreaming into PSE, PAP,

DPPD, PTIP (definition of entry points, guidance)

- Strengthen climate finance readiness (in relation to the national

climate fund)

- Build capacities to mobilise external funds, and enhance the

engagement of the private sector. Strengthen identification and

integration of CCA into national and sectoral budgets

- Revise local development plans to integrate CCA

Fragmented mandates and lack of

coordination.

- Strengthening the institutional framework:

• Map and review mandates

• Clarify mandates and vision for the NAP and climate

change coordination at national and subnational levels

• Revise regulations in sectors

• Develop a climate change policy:

- Clarify the vision and mandate and get a strong political buy-in

through legal/regulatory/policy documents

- Strengthen climate change awareness among parliamentarians

and higher-level decision makers


Elements for organisational assessment

Gaps/barriers and gaps Proposed strategic interventions

Limited dialogue and coordination on CCA.

- Strengthen inter-ministerial coordination

- COMNACC needs to have a stronger mandate and perhaps be

hosted at the ministry with stronger coordination authority (Office of

the Prime Minister, Office of Presidency)

Limited capacity building on CCA.

Scattered climate and vulnerability

information

- Build capacity on CCA in relevant sectors

- National database/information platform (links with the National

Institute of Statistics could be built)

- Improve information basis for decision making:

• Map and take stock of situation, needs and gaps for

risk evaluation

• Conduct trainings on risk evaluation (in cooperation

with DRR)

• Improve climate information coordination

• Develop a review and monitoring mechanism with

impact indicators

- Need to conduct an evaluation of NAPA and other CCA project

impacts, as part of the entry point to reflect on M&E

Need to communicate and raise awareness

about CCA and NAP progress.

- Develop communication and awareness-raising plans with clear

objectives, defined target audiences and messages

- Raise awareness with decision makers, parliamentarians,

planning staff, private sector at national and subnational levels on

the need to mainstream and invest in CCA

- Develop specific engagement plans for local communities and the

private sector

- Organise consultations at national and subnational levels with all

stakeholders, including communities and the private sector


Analysing the national context for NAP advancement

Main recommendations

The main priority areas of intervention to support the

advancement of the NAP process in Senegal include:

1. Piloting the NAP process and enhancing

coordination

This stage would include the reinforcement of the

institutional framework for CCA coordination, and the

clarification of mandates and vision for the NAP. This

component would support the steering mechanism for

the entire NAP process, composed of the MoE, MoF,

members of the Prime Minister’s office and the

COMNACC. A technical committee, composed of

members of COMANCC and COMRECC will ensure

the monitoring of the NAP process and the validation

of sectoral NAPs. For each sector-specific NAP

process, a sectoral technical committee will be

established. Their responsibility combines the

steering of the sectoral NAP process, its

communication and M&E. The initial step in the NAP

process also supports awareness-raising and training

activities for decision makers, especially in planning

and budgeting units and departments. It would also

address the public, including the private sector, to

ensure it is considered as a cross-cutting priority and

not only an environmental concern.

2. Enhancing the capacity building for adaptation

Insufficient institutional and technical capacities to

analyse the effects of climate change on various

sectors is a concern regarding the implementation of

CCA. The development of a capacity-building

programme will allow the strengthening of the

technical and managerial capacities of staff in the

priority sectors of CCA to understand CCA needs,

assess adaptation options and budget for them. This

will address the uneven dissemination of technical

competences and knowledge of climate change in the

ministries. The programme would go beyond the

climate change focal points in the ministries, to also

include technical staff. Research institutes will be also

considered, such as universities and affiliated

structures.

3. Mainstream CCA into national and sectoral

planning and budgeting

Mainstreaming climate risks and CCA into key

planning and budgeting documents at national and


sectoral levels should be developed parallel to

capacity building efforts to mobilise external and

internal resources. A stocktaking capitalising on

available studies and climate information is essential

as Senegal has experience with CCA.

Initial roadmap of the NAP process in Senegal

As part of the results of the workshop, a draft roadmap

of the NAP process was outlined (Table 6), identifying

the key aspects of the NAP process relevant for

Senegal, as well as associated activities that need to

be undertaken, and identifying the responsible

institutions for those activities. A tentative list of

outputs for each activity and a timeframe were

identified. It is worth noting that this table will need to

be revised when Senegal formally proceeds with the

NAP process.

The roadmap is divided into three workstreams, which

incorporate the three strategic areas of intervention

of:

Workstream 1: Piloting the NAP and enhancing

coordination and capacity to implement CCA

Workstream 2: Mainstreaming CCA into national and

sectoral planning and budgeting.

Workstream 3: Reporting, Monitoring and review.

Since the training and the development of this initial

roadmap took place in July 2015, the given timeframe

is already outdated for some activities.


Table 6: Initial NAP roadmap Senegal

Steps

Expected results

Responsible institution(s)

Timeframe

Workstream 1: Piloting the NAP and enhancing coordination and capacity to implement CCA

1. Identify a coordinating

mechanism with a clear

mandate to guarantee an

appropriate adoption of the

NAP process.

❖ A national mandate and a vision on integrating CCA into the

development objectives and NAP are adopted

❖ Regulatory texts are revised for an institution to be put in

charge, given mandates and means for cooperation, and roles

of actors are determined and their participation ensured

❖ The roadmap is finalised and adopted

❖ The focal points (environment and development) are installed

in the key ministries

MoE

2015-2016

2. Conduct a preliminary

stocktaking for NAP.

❖ A stocktaking is conducted to determine the existing

institutional frame, existing initiatives, a mapping of relevant

stakeholders, identification of available information and

identification of gaps

❖ An evaluation is undertaken of technical and managerial

capacities with regard to CCA

❖ An evaluation is carried out of the implementation of the

NAPA, and the NAPA is revised

MoE

(in cooperation with line ministries

of other relevant sectors)

2015-2016

3. Organise awareness-raising

workshops and sectoral

consultations for political

decision makers, the civil

society and the private sector.

- The stakeholders in the key sectors understand the

importance of mainstreaming CCA and budgeting for it.

- A strategy to engage the private sector is developed

COMNACC

COMRECC

2015-2016


4. Development of a capacity-

building programme to

enhance the coordination, the

horizontal integration of

climate change and the

mobilisation of funds.

- Partnerships are established with national and regional

institutions for the conception and setting up of training

programmes on how to integrate climate, economies of

adaptation and negotiating competencies

- Partnerships are established with institutions to enhance

capacities to mobilise finances

- NAP aspects are integrated into the LDCF project and other

sources of financing, to enhance the capacities are identified

MoE

Ministry for Higher Education and

Research

MoEFP/Directorate of Economic

and Financial Cooperation

(Direction de la Coopération

Economique et Financière, or

DCEF)/DP

in cooperation with Cheikh Anta

Diop University (Université Cheikh

Anta Diop, or UCAD), ENDA

Energie, Green Senegal, IUCN,

UNDP, the Federation of Non-

Governmental Organizations in

Senegal (Fédération des

Organisations Non

Gouvernementales du Sénégal, or

FONGS)

2015-2016

5. Mobilise resources and

facilitate the pilot stages and

coordination of the NAP

process.

- Coordination of mainstreaming activities (particularly at the

sectoral level) is ensured

- The participation of all actors including communities and the

private sector is ensured

- The resources to finance the NAP process are mobilised

MoE

COMNACC

UNDP

GIZ

USAID

Luxembourg Agency for

Development Cooperation

(LuxDev)

MoEFP/DP

2015-2016

6. Implement a capacity-

enhancement programme to

enhance the coordination and

cross-cutting integration of

- The technical and managerial capacities in the key sectoral

ministries as well as the Ministry of Planning and

Development and the Ministry of Economy and Finances

MoE

Ministry for Higher Education and

Research

2017-2018


climate change and

mobilisation of resources.

(capacities for comprehending CCA, evaluating adaptation

options, budgeting) are strengthened

MoEFP/DCEF/DP

(in cooperation with UCAD, ENDA

Energie, Green Senegal, UNDP,

FONGS)

7. Organise awareness-raising

trainings and consultations at

regional and local levels.

- The actors undergo awareness-raising at regional and local

levels

- Subnational coordination mechanisms are in place

COMRECC

NGO (Green Senegal)

IED Afrique, ENDA Energie,

CONGAD, IUCN

8. Organise an evaluation of

the capacity-enhancing

programme.

- The results of the programme are evaluated and the

programme is adjusted

MoE

DP

2019 and

beyond


Steps

Expected results

Responsible institution(s)

Timeframe

Workstream 2: Mainstream Climate Change into national and sectoral planning and budgeting

1. Take climate risks into

consideration in

planning and budgeting

(national and sectoral).

- Tools to prioritise adaptation options are identified and

their utilisation is enhanced

- CCA and the allocation of budget are better taken into

consideration in political letters and multi-year

expenditure programme documents in different

sectors

MoEFP,

ANACIM

TFPs (GIZ, UN agencies)

UEMOA

ECOWAS

Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought

Control in the Sahel (Comité Inter-État pour la

Lutte contre la Sécheresse au Sahel, or

CILSS)/ AGgriculture, HYydrology, and

METeorology agency (AGRHYMET)

2015-

2016

2. Improve the

availability,

coordination, and

dissemination of

studies and climate

information.

- A document which capitalises the available studies

and needs is identified

- Available climate information and needs are identified.

- Climate scenarios are drawn up for reference

- The collection and handling of data is

harmonised/standardised, the modelling of projections

and risk evaluation are executed, the use of

geographic information systems enhanced

- Access to information on climate change for the

relevant sectors and other users in the country is

supported by the setting up of an information portal

ANACIM

CSE

Laboratory of Atmospheric and

Oceanographic Physics (Laboratoire de

Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan

Siméon Fongang, or LPAOSF)

2015-

2016

3. Develop a research plan

for CCA.

- The needs are identified

- A research and development plan is developed.

- Financing sources are researched

Institute of Agronomic Research

(Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles,

or ISRA)/Oceanographic Research Center of

Dakar-Thiaroye (Centre de Recherche

2015-

2016


Océanographique de Dakar Thiaroye, or

CRODT)

Research Institute for Development (Institut

de Recherche pour le Développement, or IRD)

Environmental Science Institute

(Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement, or

ISE)

ANACIM

4. Support mainstreaming

CCA into sectoral

policies.

- Risk studies relevant for the key sectors are

undertaken

- Policies/sectoral strategies on CCA are drawn up

- Finances for the sectoral integration are identified

CEP Cellules d’études et de prospective. « Planning and Studies Unit »

of the Ministries

Directorate of Agricultural Analysis,

Forecasting and Statistics (Direction de

l'Analyse, de la Prévision et des Statistiques

Agricoles, or DAPSA)/MoA

2015-

2016

5. Execute studies to

compile and produce an

NAP document.

- Risks analyses are undertaken

- The ecological and socio-economic vulnerabilities, the

climate risks and catastrophes for the national and

sectoral development process are evaluated

- The CCA options for the national and sectoral process

are identified, revised and estimated.

- The priorities are compiled, the draft of the NAP is

sent for revision to relevant actors, the NAP is

validated and distributed

MoE

DPC

ANACIM

CSE

Sector ministries

2017-

2018

6. Ensure the

mainstreaming of CCA

into the PAP 2019-2023

and the revision of the

PSE.

- The information of climate risks and the priorities of

CCA are used in drawing up the PAP

- CCA is mainstreamed in a cross-cutting manner into

the PAP and the PSE

Sector ministries

Operational Office for Monitoring the

Emerging Senegal Plan (ESP)(Bureau

Opérationnel de Suivi du Plan Sénégal

Emergent (PSE), or BOS)/Presidency

MoEFP

2017-

2018


7. Implementation of the

research and

development plan.

- The investments in the R&D are increased

- The capacities in the institutions are enhanced

ISRA/CRODT

IRD

ISE

ANACIM

2017-

2018

8. Ensure the

mainstreaming of CCA at

the subnational level.

- The capacities of local collectives for mainstreaming

are enhanced

- The local development plans are developed or revised

for mainstreaming CCA

MoEFP

FONGS/National Consultation Council of

Rural people (Conseil National de

Concertation et de Coopération des Ruraux,

or CNCR)

MLG

IUCN

IED Afrique

Mayors’ Association of Senegal (Association

des Maires du Sénégal, or AMS)

Union of Associations of Local Elected

officials (Union des Associations des Elus

Locaux, or UAEL)

Economic, Social and Environmental Council

(Conseil Economique, Social et

Environnemental, or CESE)

Parliamentary Network for the Protection of

the Environment in Senegal (Le Réseau des

Parlementaires pour la Protection de

l'Environnement au Sénégal, or REPES)

9. Integration of CCA into

planning, budgeting, and

development monitoring

systems in the long-term.

- Detailed studies are undertaken

- Concrete adaptation measures on basis of the NAP

are implemented

MoEFP

CEP and ministries

2019 and

beyond


- The DPPD and PTIP take CCA needs into

consideration.


Steps

Expected results

Responsible

institution(s)

Timeframe

Workstream 3: Reporting, monitoring and review

1. Communicate the

progress of

Senegal’s NAP at

national, regional

and local levels to

the UNFCCC and in

international forums

- A communication plan is drawn up

- The general public and the decision makers are informed about the NAP

process

- The UNFCCC Secretariat is informed about Senegal’s progress

MoE

National Assembly

CESE

CNCR

No date given

2. Development of a

complete M&E

system of CCA.

- Indicators are developed

- The cooperation with the National Institute of Statistics is enhanced.

- The M&E system of PAP/PSE is revised to integrate CCA

MoE

Sector ministries

MoEFP

Universities

No date given

3. Agree on a

workshop with

stakeholders at

national and

subnational levels,

research institutions,

multilateral and

bilateral agencies.

- Lessons learned are drawn from experience

- The conclusions are reintegrated into the NAP process

- The results of the monitoring including recommendations for enhancement

are published and made available to all stakeholders (in a second NAP

workshop)

- The roadmap is revised

MoE

TFPs

2017-2018

4. Revisit, revise (and

adjust) the NAP

process and

regularly update the

NAP.

- Conclusions of the second review of the NAP with regard to mechanisms of

direction and cooperation in the NAP process

- The NAP and connected documentation are frequently updated, specified

in the national mandate, in the strategic frame for the NAP process,

repeating the steps when appropriate

MoE

COMNACC

2019 and

beyond


Bibliography

Campillo, G., M. Mullan and L. Vallejo, ‘Climate Change Adaptation and Financial Protection Synthesis of Key

Findings from Colombia and Senegal’ (Paris, OECD Environment Working Papers, No. 120, OECD Publishing,

2017).

Government of Senegal, ‘Integrated Water Resources Management Action Plan (PAGIRE)’ (2007). Online :

www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/dgpre_plan_d_actions_pour_la_gestion_integree_des_ressources_en_eau_du_s

enegal_2007.pdf

Government of Senegal, Ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’Equipement Rural, ‘Programme de relance et

d’Accélération de la Cadence de l’Agriculture Sénégalaise (PRACAS), (Volet agricole du Plan Sénégal Emergent,

2014).

Government of Senegal, Ministère de l’Economie, des Finances et du Plan, ‘Programme triennal

d’Investissements Public (PTIP) 2015 – 2017’ (2014).

Government of Senegal, Ministère de l’Economie, des Finances et du Plan, ‘Plan Sénégal Emergent – Plan

d’Actions Prioritaires 2014 – 2018’ (2014).

Government of Senegal, Ministère de l’Environnement et de Développement Durable, ‘Contribution Prévue

Déterminée au Niveau National (CPDN)’ (2015).

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Changement Climatique Horizon 2035 (2016).

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Annex 1: List of invitees of the NAP training

1. Monsieur le Directeur de l’Agriculture

2. Monsieur le Directeur de l’Analyse et de la Prévision des Statistiques Agricoles

3. Monsieur le Directeur de l’Elevage et des Productions Animales

4. Monsieur le Directeur des Pêches Maritimes

5. Monsieur le Directeur de la Gestion et de la Planification des Ressources en Eau

6. Monsieur le Directeur Général de l’Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agronomiques

7. Monsieur le Directeur Général de l’Institut National de Pédologie du Sénégal

8. Monsieur le Directeur Général de l’Agence Nationale de l’Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie du Sénégal

9. Monsieur le Directeur Général de l’Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie

10. Monsieur le Directeur Général de l’Agence Nationale de l’Aménagement du Territoire

11. Monsieur le Directeur de la Planification et de la Veille Environnementale

12. Monsieur le Directeur des Eaux et Forêts, Chasse et de la Conservation des Sols

13. Monsieur le Directeur des Parcs Nationaux

14. Monsieur le Directeur des Aires Marines Communautaires Protégées

15. Monsieur le Directeur des Financements Verts et Partenariats

16. Monsieur le Directeur Général du Centre de Suivi Ecologique

17. Monsieur le Directeur Général de l’Agence Nationale de la Grande Muraille Verte

18. Monsieur le Directeur de l’Agence Nationale des Ecovillages

19. Monsieur le Directeur Général de l’Agence Nationale de l’Aquaculture

20. Monsieur le Coordonnateur de la Cellule d’Education et de Formation Environnementale

21. Monsieur le Directeur de la Recherche Scientifique

22. Monsieur le Directeur Général de la Planification

23. Monsieur le Directeur de la Protection Civile

24. Monsieur le Directeur de l’Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement

25. Monsieur le Directeur Général de la Santé

26. Monsieur le Directeur de la Coopération Economique et Financière

27. Monsieur le Coordonnateur de ENDA Energie Environnement

28. Monsieur le Directeur de IED AFRIQUE

29. Monsieur le Président du CONGAD

30. Monsieur Amadou Lamine THIAM, député à l’Assemblée Nationale du Sénégal

31. Madame WoréGana SECK, Green Sénégal

32. Monsieur le Président de l’Association des Elus Locaux

33. Monsieur Boubacar Mbodji, Conseiller technique de la Présidence

34. Monsieur Ndiaye Cheikh SYLLA, Conseiller Technique Primature

35. Monsieur le Représentant Résident du PNUD


36. Monsieur le Représentant de la FAO

37. Monsieur le Représentant de l’OMS,

38. Monsieur le Représentant du FIDA

39. Monsieur le Représentant de l’USAID/COMFISH

40. Monsieur le Représentant de la GIZ

41. Monsieur le Représentant de l’USAID

42. Monsieur le Représentant de l’AFD

43. Monsieur le Représentant de la JICA

44. Monsieur le Représentant de Lux Dev

45. Monsieur le Représentant de l’Ambassade de France

46. Monsieur le Représentant de l’Ambassade de la Grande Bretagne

47. Monsieur le Directeur du Centre d’Etudes de Politiques pour le Développement

48. Les membres du bureau Exécutif du COMNACC (10)

49. Monsieur le Professeur Yakham DIOP, Géographe

50. Monsieur Bounama DIEYE, coordonnateur de la plateforme C-CASA

51. Monsieur le Professeur Adams TIDJANI, Institut des Métiers de l’Environnement et de la Météorologie

52. Monsieur Abdou SANE, ancien Député Assemblée Nationale

53. Monsieur Henri Mathieu LO, Enseignant – Chercheur, ISE

54. Monsieur le Directeur Exécutif des Jeunes Volontaires pour l’Environnement

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