STOA WORKSHOP, JANUARY 30 TH 2013 RISK IN INNOVATION BALANCING BENEFITS AND HAZARDS CASE 2:...

STOA WORKSHOP, JANUARY 30TH 2013 RISK IN INNOVATIONBALANCING BENEFITS AND HAZARDS CASE 2: NANOTECHNOLOGIES: INNOVATION AND RISK IN THE FOOD SECTOR

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Dr. Antje Grobe, Prof. Dr. Milena Riede DIALOG BASISUniversität Stuttgart, Universität St. Gallen

Dr. Antje Grobe DIALOG BASIS

• Easy-To-Clean / Coatings / New Materials• Functional Textiles / Sports goods• Cosmetics & Health Care• Food

• Pharmaceutis / Cancer Therapie • Water treatment / Environmental Techn.• Energieefficiency / Energy Production

Energy Storage

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Energy WaterHealth

Every–Day-Use Items

WHAT WE DREAMED OF

Dr. Antje Grobe 2

NANO FOOD: DREAM OR NIGHTMARE?

Science fiction applications in the media?Nano Escalope (DE)Nano Pizza (CH)Nano coated chocolateNano KetchupColour Changing Drinks

aspekte 18 th December 2004

PATTERNS OF FEAR ... EASY TO TRANSFER

Quelle:

C. Meili / J. Pritchett (2006)

1. Are there new products on the market with an unknown risk potential?

2. Is the public really affraid?

TWO PREMISES HAVE TO BE CLARIFIED …

6 Dr. Antje Grobe DIALOG BASIS

APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN FOOD?

FAO & WHO (2010): Twelve categories of applications for nanotechnologies in food

Nanostructured food ingredientsNanodelivery systems for nutrients and supplements Organic nanosized additives for food, health food supplements and animal feed applicationsInorganic nanosized additives for food, health food supplements and animal feed applicationsFood packaging applications Nanocoatings on food contact surfaces Surface functionalized nanomaterials Nanofiltration Nanosized agrochemicals Nanosensors for food labelling Water decontamination Other applications (animal feed)


NANO IN FOOD?

FAO & WHO (2010): Twelve categories of applications for nanotechnologies in food

Nanostructured food ingredientsNanodelivery systems for nutrients and supplements Organic nanosized additives for food, health food supplements and animal feed applicationsInorganic nanosized additives for food, health food supplements and animal feed applicationsFood packaging applications Nanocoatings on food contact surfaces Surface functionalized nanomaterials Nanofiltration Nanosized agrochemicals Nanosensors for food labelling Water decontamination Other applications (animal feed)

STRATEGIC RESEARCH AGENDA 2007-2020, European Platform on Food for Life: Nanotechnologies as key technologies for tailor-made food and intelligent packaging.


CLEAR DISCREPANCY BETWEEN R&D ACTIVITY AND CONSUMER COMMUNICATION

„To my knowledge there are no nanoproducts on the German market“, BLL (Association of the German Food Industry), in Consumer Congress Nano-Dialog Baden-Wuerttemberg December 2012

FoodDrinkEurope: “Nanotechnology in the food industry is at an early stage and, in the future, it could be used to deliver new food products and improve existing ones. It also has potential in processing and packaging, bringing benefits to consumers and industry”

Nanotechnology is only something for the future Nothing on the market – no nanomaterials to assess No Risk !


… ON THE OTHER HAND …

Grobe & Rissanen 2012A query in the Patentscope database of the World Intellectual Property Organization (keywords „nano* AND food* OR agricultur*“): 22,759 patents for nanotechnological solutions in the food sector from the years 2002-2012

Expert Interviews: How to explain this:• Unknown number of patents mentioning the size to describe technical

details e.g. of measurement• In the agrobusiness some companies tend to unfold a „patent carpet“,

patenting every detailed step of a development • Food companies in Europe are nerveous about the bad perception and

regulatory observation: at the moment no marked approval of nanoproducts intended.

Grobe, Antje & Rissanen, Mikko (2012): Nanotechnologies in Agriculture and Food: An Overview of Different Fields of Application, Risk Assessment and Public Perception. In: Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture 2012 (4).


… ON THE OTHER HAND …

Grobe & Rissanen 2012A query in the Patentscope database of the World Intellectual Property Organization (keywords „nano* AND food* OR agricultur*“): 22,759 patents for nanotechnological solutions in the food sector from the years 2002-2012

Expert Interviews: How to explain this:• Unknown number of patents mentioning the size to describe technical

details e.g. of measurement• In the agrobusiness some companies tend to unfold a „patent carpet“,

patenting every detailed step of a development • Food companies in Europe are nerveous about the bad perception and

regulatory observation: at the moment no marked approval of nanoproducts intended.

Grobe, Antje & Rissanen, Mikko (2012): Nanotechnologies in Agriculture and Food: An Overview of Different Fields of Application, Risk Assessment and Public Perception. In: Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture 2012 (4).

NO COMPREHENSIVE DATABASE on the use of nanotechnologies in the food sector available for regulators, scientists or consumers.

THAT MEANS…

We do not have a clear picture -either of the innovation nor of the risks.

More transparency is urgently needed!



INBETWEEN …

Scientific organisations and NGOs try to close the gap left by the industry:

Friends of the Earth (2008): Out of the Laboratory and on to Our Plates. Nanotechnology in Food & Agriculture.

104 products applying manufactured nanoparticles, nano-emulsions or nano-capsules identified, however assumed to be „just a small fraction of the total number of products now available worldwide“

The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars: Consumer Products Inventory (ongoing)

105 products or product lines in the category „Food & Beverage“

According to the information available, the number of nanotechnological products in the food sector would not have increased in the last 4-5 years

Amorphous Silica as anti caking agents (E551): • Proven as safe by ECETOC • Discussion if this material has to be called a

„Nanomaterial“, „nanostructured material“…

Titanium Dioxide (E171)(micro)• Not in the nanoscale approved or marketed!• Fractions of nanoscaled material are a side effect of

each production

… OR WE DISCUSS ABOUT OLD, WELL KNOWN PRODUCTS

13

Source: Dr. Monika Meier, Evonik, Synthetic Amorphous Silica as Anticaking Agent, March 2010; Mathepedia

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ENCAPSULATED SYSTEMS

• Some well known to shelter vitamins (Carotinoide, Vitamin A, E, D, K)

• Some biodegradable releasesystems (starch-sugar-protein)

• Some lipid droplets (dieatary products)

0.3 Millimeter*(300,000 Nanometer)

300 Nanometer*(0.0003 Millimeter)

Source: L. End, BASF SE, FDA, Public Hearing 2006

AND THE PUBLIC?

Quelle:

C. Meili / J. Pritchett (2006)

3. PUBLIC PERCEPTIONEUROBAROMETER-STUDY 2010

Gaskell, George, et al., 2010: Europeans and Biotechnology in 2010 – Winds of change?, Brussels European CommissionDownloadable at: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_winds_en.pdf

Heard not heard0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

75.7%

22.3%

64.7%

35.3%

46.3%53.7%

Have you ever heard of nanotechnology before?

SwitzerlandGermanyEU

(Gaskel, G., et al. 2010) Europeans and Biotechnology in 2010 – Winds of change?

Positive effect No effect Negative effect DK0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

47.3%

12.7% 10.3%

29.7%

43.4%

7.1% 12.6%

37.0%41.1%

8.6% 10.0%

40.3%

Do you think [Nanotechnology] will have a positive, a negative or no effect on our way of live in the next 20 years?

SwitzerlandGermanyEU

3. PUBLIC PERCEPTIONEUROBAROMETER-STUDY 2010

(Gaskel, G., et al. 2010) Europeans and Biotechnology in 2010 – Winds of change?

Gaskell, George, et al., 2010: Europeans and Biotechnology in 2010 – Winds of change?, Brussels European CommissionDownloadable at: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_winds_en.pdf


NANOTECHNOLOGIES FROM THE CONSUMERS‘ POINT OF VIEW:WHAT THEY KNOW AND WHAT THEY WOULD LIKE TO KNOW

Grobe et al. 2012: Qualitative Consumer Interviews Key findings

The knowledge fades out: Consumers know less about applications and benefits than a few years ago

At the same time, risk debates (health and environmental effects) echo in their evaluationsAmbivalence is increasing40 % say that nanotechnologies are not present in the stores, in politics or in the media.

Two theses about the reason comsumers provide: 1. Nanoproducts never worked and are drawn

form the market2. Concrete applications are not there yet,

nanotechnology is only R&D it may comes in future



Lubricants None

Shipping Environmental technologies

Metal ProcessingPlastics AviationMilitary

Sports Science Fiction

Engineering Space Travel

Construction ChemistryCosmetics

Detergents Paint / VarnishIT / Elektronics

Textiles Food

Surface coatings Automotive

Medicine

6%

5%19%

13%16%

10%20%

16%14%

19%18%

41%17%

34%41%

49%61%

55%63%

78%62%

85%

1%2%3%4%5%

8%9%9%9%10%

16%23%

25%29%

32%40%

44%45%

49%50%

60%71%

Known Fields of Application

2011 20082011 (n = 102) / 2008 (n = 100)

Consumer knowledge declines in all areas

The five best-known fields of application:

Medicine: 85 -> 71%Automotive: 62 -> 60% Surface Coatings: 78 -> 50%Food: 63 -> 49% Textiles: 55 -> 45%



positiv negativ ambivalent k. A.

42%

4%

49%

6%

64%

5%31%

0%

Basic attitudes to nanotechnologies

2011 20082011 (n = 103) / 2008 (n = 100)

abwarten ausprobieren ablehnen k. A.

22%

64%

8% 6%21%

71%

2% 6%

Personal courses of action

2011 20082011 (n = 103) / 2008 (n = 100)

wait and see try it aversion D.K.

42 % view nanotechnologies as something positive

However, this represents a decline of 22% in the last three years Half of the consumers are not able to form a clear opinion

Still, two thirds would like to try nano-products out

22 % would personally wait until more information is available; only 8 % are completely reluctant

positive negative ambivalent D.K.

ATTITUTDES TOWARDS NANO IN FOOD

positiv erwähnt negativ erwähnt ambivalent ohne Wertung k. A.

5%

24%

9% 11%

51%

15% 16%

2%

30%37%

Attitudes towards nanotechnologies in the food area

2011 20082011 (n = 103) / 2008 (n = 100)

positive negative ambivalent without judgement D.K.


THERE IS NO ALTERNATIVE…

First Axiom of Communication:

„You cannot not communicate“ (Paul Watzlawick et al 1967) If you do not communicate, people develop their own

frames of reference, associations and communicational patterns

If no new information is available, people transfer patterns from other debates (GMO…)

If people do not trust in acteurs and processes, mistrust increases

Innovation will fail

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THREE PILLARS OF TRUST IN TECHNOLOGY DEBATES

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THREE PILLARS OF TRUST IN TECHNOLOGY DEBATES

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1. More transparency has to be demanded Without a better communication industry will lose the market equal if or if not they are engaged in nano yet

2. Patents should be investigated about what is going on• Differentiation between food and agriculture (not in the

focus yet) Industry should explain how these results fit to the ”nothing on the market”

statements

3. Concentration on real innovative products Food is for good reasons not the focus of nanotechnology innovation in Europe. That has to be communicated! Good examples are out there!

CONCLUSIONS

• Easy-To-Clean / Coatings / New Materials• Functional Textiles / Sports goods• Cosmetics & Health Care• Food

• Pharmaceutis / Cancer Therapie • Water treatment / Environmental Techn.• Energieefficiency / Energy Production

Energy Storage

Que

llen:

Inno

CNT,

BAS

F, D

ialo

gbas

is.d

e, V

eget

al &

Min

eral

Wat

er, M

iche

lin, M

LR

Energy WaterHealth

Every–Day-Use Items

WHAT WE DREAMED OF: SUSTAINABLE FUTURE



Bild: Risk Dialogue Foundation

Contact: Dr. Antje Grobe M.A.

Managing Director

Prof. Dr. Milena Riede

DIALOG BASISBreitwasenring 15

DE - 72135 Dettenhausen / TuebingenTel: ++49 (0)7157 721 331 -0Fax: ++49 (0)7157 721 185 0

Mobil: ++49 (0)171 45 18 18 [email protected]

[email protected] www.dialogbasis.de

THERE IS NO ALTERNATIVE BUT TO GO ON

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.dialogbasis.de/

STOA WORKSHOP, JANUARY 30 TH 2013 RISK IN INNOVATION BALANCING BENEFITS AND HAZARDS CASE 2:...

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