STIMULATION HUFF & PUFF AND CONTINUES INJECTION USING FORMULATED SURFACTANT

STIMULATION HUFF & PUFF

AND CONTINUES INJECTIONUSING FORMULATED SURFACTANT

Production Geologist (Development Geologist)

Practical use and reference

SURFACTANT STIMULATION HUFF &

PUFF AND CONTINUES INJECTION

ACTIVITY

Introduction

Subsurface Situation

Reservoir Screening Pattern Area and well Selection

Summary Data Initial Screening & Verification of Reserves

Subsurface Analysis Candidate wells Huff & Puff wells

water injection wells

Laboratory Test Fluid properties Test

Formulated Surfactant Screening -Phase Behavior Test

Formulated Surfactant Screening -Spontaneous Imbibition Test

Mixture Viscosity Test

Surface Facility Stimulation Huff & Puff

Continues Injection

Forecast & Actual Production

SURFACTANT STIMULATION HUFF & PUFF AND CONTINUES

INJECTION

The purpose of Surfactant Stimulation Huff & Puff

and Continues Injection is to Enhance Oil Production

and Recovery by Stimulating the Reservoir Behavior

and Performance. The Situation of Mature Reservoir

in most of well at the situation (in figure), can

describe as follow :

Near wellbore (blue area) area become

dominated by water saturation and no oil

can move from this area only.

Since oil mobility is slower than water, then

water bypassed the oil to oil well make the

water channel, at this situation oil production

drop significantly.

Conventional Methods are difficult to handle

this condition.

INTRODUCTION

The Holistic Approach is by enhancing

Reservoir Performance with criteria as

follow:

Modify water channel and change

the flow path to sweep unswept

(oil bank).

Peel out oil from rock surface in

Reservoir.

Make oil able to go out from pore

throat then to higher permeability

area (water channel).

Avoid oil from sticking again to

rock surface.

Bring oil from pore to the

production wells.

Surfactant Formulated (such: SeMAR/ SurPlus Technology) work by bringing the oil

from the oil bank (dark black) to wellbore (blue) by modification of reservoir behavior

and reservoir fluid flow performance.

INTRODUCTIONSURFACTANT STIMULATION HUFF & PUFF AND CONTINUES

INJECTION

Relative Permeability (%)

krobefore

EOR

kroafter

EOR

krw before

EOR

krwafter

EOR

Sw at Capillary

Barrier before

EORSw at Capillary

Barrier after

EOR

Cross Section Point between kro and krw known as

Pc0 (Capillary Pressure Barrier) and Water

Saturation at this point describe as Sw Capillary, at

this point Watercut start increase sharply and oil

production drop significantly. It is the indication

that reservoir already reach the MATURE Stage.

Effort to move Sw Capillar to the Right (higher Sw),

as process of Enhance Oil Recovery.

Swr(eor) = 1 – Sor(eor)

Change in Sw (%)

Pc

0.0

Free imbibition

process

( + )

( - )

Drainage

process

Imbibition

process

Swi

1 2 3Pc0

Legend

Pri = Initial Reservoir Pressure

Pc = Capillary pressure

Pc0 = Pc barrier

Sw = Water saturation

Swi = Initial water saturation

Swr(eor) = Residual water

saturation after Enhance Oil

Recovery (EOR) at maximum

Pressure-Volume (max PV)

Sor(eor) = Residual oil saturation

after EOR at max PV

Free Imbibition Mechanism

Explanatory Notes

1 = Change in Sw Max due to

imbibition of water at ambient

atmospheric pressure


imbibition of wetting chemical

(SurPlus) at ambient atmospheric

pressure


imbibition of wetting chemical

(SurPlus) at reservoir pressure

(Swr(eor) = 1 – Sor(eor))

Pri

Primary

RecoveryEO

R

EOR

Wettability Alteration, as method to peel out oil from rock surface by put the chemical

replacing of the oil position on rock surface

Utilizing produce water or Sea water to

mix with Surfactant Formulated such:

(SeMAR/ SurPlus Technology) chemical

will be very useful to reduce excessive

water production from Reservoir.

SURFACTANT STIMULATION HUFF & PUFF AND CONTINUES INJECTION

INTRODUCTION

Oil Come Out as Result of Imbibition of in the Core


Subsurface Situation information may consist of:

Field Area and location, Regional Geology (Structure & stratigraphy

Regional), Tectonic development, Structure and Stratigraphy of the

field, Reservoir description, Production History, (Detail Geology ,

Geophysics, Reservoir Data's such: Seismic, Wells, Reservoir,

Production, Reserve, Well correlation, Petrophysic model –

Interpretation, Subsurface Geology model, Properties model, etc.),

Current and plan Operations activity, etc.


Example: Subsurface Situation

T-Field in South Africa

Reservoir ScreeningScreening of EOR (Enhance Oil Recovery) Method should

conduct each layer / zone due to may have different reservoir

characteristic. Reservoir parameters are necessary for EOR

Screening , consist of:

1. Oil API gravity

2. Oil viscosity

3. Rocks Porosity

4. Oil Saturation

5. Lithology

6. Permeability

7. Reservoir Depth & temperature

8. Hydrocarbon composition etc.

Pattern Area and well Selection The Selection of Injection/ water flooding area on a full scale mainly based on the

following principles:

Selection of the optimum area Injection/ water flooding should take into account

the remaining reserves (massive), interwell connectivity in the pattern area and

the rock quality is pretty good.

Located in the center of oil production (oil production center), close to the

terminal collecting / processing, easy setting and monitoring.

Area free of junk equipment and production equipment so as to facilitate

construction.

The state of connectivity with the surrounding oil wells relative good.

Relative close to the water injection facility.

Reservoir Screening

Reservoir Screening

ZONES Open Layer BOPDQoi

(BOPD)

Rate

Max

Cum.

(MBO)

Proven

(MBO)

Remaining

(MBO)

1 T-289 H S3 S3(259.0 - 262.0) 6 12.58 15.8 23.51 No fluid (Suspended) 3-S3 62.8 39.29

2 T -196 - S5 S5 (311.12-328) 6 157 41.4 175.56(No log, Run CBL-VDL-GR,

5" csg)5-S5 182 6.44

3 T- 127 - S2 S2 (222.21 – 223) 6 629 ? ?(No log, Run CBL-VDL-GR,

6" csg)4-S2 20.4 ?

4 T-061 H S3S3A (232.0 - 263.0); S3B (254.5

- 255.5)6 ? 16.3 8.9

High WC,(then POP), Prod.

21-03-143-S3 68.3 59.4

5 T-092 - S2 or S1 S2 or S1 (181.29-187.1) 6 19 ? 2.15High WC,(then POP), Prod.

21-03-154-S2 20.4 18.25

6 T-202 F S1 or STC S1 or STC (185.0 - 192.0) 6 251 8.6 24.98 Suspended , Fish (Tag

@82.5m) 2-STC 40.8 15.82

7 T-099 G S5 S5(328.0-330.5; 320.0-324.5) 6 18.86 12.2 18.7 Wait pressure down 2-S5 86.4 67.7

8 T-230 D STC STC(158.5-166) 6 189 16.5 103.14 prepare all materials 1-STC 116.6 13.46

9 T-227 C STC STC (167-179.2) 6 75 57.7 45.9 POP, being Observation 1-STC 99.5 53.6

10 T-224 D STC STC (173.4-190.65) 6 ? 41.4 56.4POOH 3-1 / 2 " junk basket

23 ft + 5 JTS 2-7 / 8 " 1-STC 98 41.6

11 T-221 E STC STC (123.3-127.9) 6 30 ? 6.7 being Observation 2-STC 68.4 61.7

12 T-218 D S1 or STC STC (146.5-147) 6 63 ? 22.7 POP, being Observation 1-STC 49.8 27.1

13 T-215 H S5 S5 (339-345) 6 13 17.7 27.15 POP, being Observation 3-S5 31.3 4.15

14 T-212 M S5 S5 or S6 (303.61-311) 6 ? 6 27.16Cont' re-opening work :

RIH 4-1/2" pilot mill 8-S5 32.4 5.24

15 T-209 E S1 S1 (194-201) 6 ? 19.8 22.5 POP, being Observation 2-S1 102.1 79.6

16 T-206 F S1 S1 (?-248) 6 ? ? 10.1 POP, being Observation 2-S1 63.8 53.7

17 T-203 - S3 S3(246.17-257.36) 6 541 3.2 98.2 POP, being Observation 8-S3 98.3 0.1

18 T-200 M S5 S5(320.09-327.5) 6 ? ? 27.1 POP, being Observation 7-S5 34.6 7.5

19 T-197 L S3 S3 (?-227 ) 6 ? 21.6 25.6 POP, being Observation 7-S3 57.3 31.7

20 T-194 M S7 S7 (421.8-423.0) 6 6 38.5 17.1 POP, being Observation 7-S7 65 47.9

21 T-191 G S3 S3(232.25-248.5) 6 126 32.3 85.18AFE approved (Location

Ready)3-S3 87.4 2.22

22 T-188 - STC STC (167.8-168)OH 6 19 25.6 33.7AFE Reopening approved

(Location Ready)9-STC 77.8 44.1

23 T-185 G S5 - S6 S5 - S6 (286.2-402.0) 6 7.5 ? 2.5 AFE Reopening approved 2-S5 22.7 20.2

24 T-182 - STCLSTC ( 101.0-102.5 ; 98.0-99.0 ;

91.0-94.0), S1 (197.5-199.0)6 ? 47.4 83.7

Current Injector

(continues Injector)5-STC 124.4 40.7

25 T-179 M S3/ S5 (305.36-310.8) 6 31 24.4 70.1 Current Injector

(continues Injector)8-S5 94 23.9

T-176 - STC (85.5-102.0) 6 157 67.7 38.1 Current Injector


26 T-173 H STC ? 6 ? 62.8 16.3 Current Injector 3-STC 71.5 55.2

27 T-170 - STC LSTC (83.0-89.5 ; 73.5-81.5) 6 19.4 37.1 4.16 Current Injector 4-STC 71.5 67.34

168Total Gain

Prod History Reserve

RemarkPattern

locationSampleNo Well Name

TARGET

Example: Initial Screening Summary and Verification Reserves for HUFF & PUFF

Reservoir Screening


(BOPD)

Rate

Max

Cum.

(MBO)

Proven

(MBO)

Remaining

(MBO)



5" csg)5-S5 182 6.44


6" csg)4-S2 20.4 ?

4 T-061 H S3S3A (232.0 - 263.0); S3B (254.5

- 255.5)6 ? 16.3 8.9


21-03-143-S3 68.3 59.4


21-03-154-S2 20.4 18.25


@82.5m) 2-STC 40.8 15.82





23 ft + 5 JTS 2-7 / 8 " 1-STC 98 41.6





RIH 4-1/2" pilot mill 8-S5 32.4 5.24








Ready)3-S3 87.4 2.22




24 T-182 - STCLSTC ( 101.0-102.5 ; 98.0-99.0 ;

91.0-94.0), S1 (197.5-199.0)6 ? 47.4 83.7

Current Injector








168Total Gain


RemarkPattern


TARGET


(BOPD)

Rate

Max

Cum.

(MBO)

Proven

(MBO)

Remaining

(MBO)



5" csg)5-S5 182 6.44


6" csg)4-S2 20.4 ?

4 T-061 H S3S3A (232.0 - 263.0); S3B (254.5

- 255.5)6 ? 16.3 8.9


21-03-143-S3 68.3 59.4


21-03-154-S2 20.4 18.25


@82.5m) 2-STC 40.8 15.82





23 ft + 5 JTS 2-7 / 8 " 1-STC 98 41.6





RIH 4-1/2" pilot mill 8-S5 32.4 5.24








Ready)3-S3 87.4 2.22




24 T-182 - STCLSTC ( 101.0-102.5 ; 98.0-99.0 ;

91.0-94.0), S1 (197.5-199.0)6 ? 47.4 83.7

Current Injector








168Total Gain


RemarkPattern


TARGET

Example: Initial Screening Summary and Verification Reserves for Continues Injection

Example: Data sheet may fulfilled for Initial

Screening Summary and Verification Reserves for

HUFF & PUFF or Continues Injection

Subsurface Analysis Candidate wells

Subsurface Evaluation from recent Operated wells (Reactivation, Workover,

Deepening etc.), that the wells as canditate for Surfactan Stimulation by Huff &

Puff should prepared, the evaluation may consist the information such well

information, well operation description, production zone and hystory, Fluid

properties, Rate production Reservoir thicknes, well location on depth

structure and properties maps, (Initial, Rate and performance of production

etc.).

Subsurface Evaluation from recent water injection wells, as canditate for

Surfactan Stimulation by continues injection the evaluation consist same as

describe on Huff & Puff wells, with additional information such Fluid/ Water

Injection profile @ current time, Isopach, and Buble maps could be overlied

etc..

Huff & Puff wells

Continues Injection wells


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1

10

100

1000

BOPD

BFPD

WC

The T-289 has initial production :12.58 bfpd / 12.58 bopd (June 1912), has

maximum rate production on Mei 1993 is 15.8 bopd/ 79.9%wc on layer S3, then

suspended from Augusts 1993 to November 2003 and put on production again

until Augusts 2011, and the cumulative production 23.5 MBO

Reactivation work T-289 done on 26-29 April 2014, with result No Fluids. RIH

bailer, tag @ 253.49m, RIH scrapper, circulation, RIH tubing 2-7/8" edge is open

@ 226m, Preparation for Put on production (bailer truck).

From Production data and correlation of near wells such T-149 & T-061, also

those Structure and Isopach Map indicate that the layer S3 on fault block III is

fairly productive layer.

Example: Subsurface Analysis Candidate well for HUFF & PUFF

Subsurface situation T-289 well in West part T- Field

Example: Subsurface Analysis Candidate well for Continues Injection

Water injection as pressure maintenance of T field has 7 wells since 2014 until June 2016, there are T-100A, T-017, T-274, 087A,

T-150, T-522, T-097, but only 4 wells that active as injector. T-100A status is SI and had ever POP, T-274 & T-097 had activated

as injector, therefore the latest water injection active status only 4 consist of: T-017, T-087A, T-150, & KM-522, are fairly productive

layers.

Profile production – Injection T Field

Subsurface situation T-274 well Injector in SE part T- Field Subsurface situation T274 well Injector in West part T- Field


Laboratory TestThe primary objective of laboratory test is to determine and select a modifier of

Formulated Surfactant (Such vendor SeMAR/ Surplus Technology etc.) that gives

an optimum performance to increase the oil recovery reservoir. If the field has no

existing core (only one core description old data) then laboratory test of the

reservoir will be conduct Fluid properties Test, Formulated Surfactant (Such

vendor SeMAR/ Surplus Technology etc.) Screening -Phase Behavior Test,

Formulated Surfactant (Such vendor SeMAR/ Surplus Technology etc.) Screening

-Spontaneous Imbibition Test, and Mixture Viscosity Test.

The main purpose of Laboratory test are to determine the optimum imbibition

condition which consist of soaking time and Formulated Surfactant (Such vendor

SeMAR/ Surplus Technology) etc.) concentration based on the result phase

behaviour test, and to find theoptimum Formulated Surfactant (Such vendor

SeMAR/ Surplus Technology etc.) modifier selection for Formulated Surfactant

(Such vendor SeMAR/ Surplus Technology etc.) stimulation process under field

condition.

Fluid properties Test

The Fluid properties test consists of Fluid Density and viscosity of Oil & formation water and

Formation Water Analysis. The Objective Fluid density test is to measure density of oil and formation

water at atmospheric temperature and reservoir conditions usually using a picnometer, and the

objective of Fluid viscosity test is to measure viscosity of oil and formation water at reservoir

temperature conditions usually using Ostwalt visco meter.

Formulated Surfactant Screening -Phase Behavior Test

The objective of Formulated Surfactant Screening -Phase Behavior Test is to obtain the

concentration of Formulated Surfactant at which the oil and Formulated Surfactant solution form an

optimum microemulsion.

Formulated Surfactant Screening -Spontaneous Imbibition Test

The objective of Formulated Surfactant Screening -Spontaneous Imbibition Test is to determine the

best Formulated Surfactant formulation for enhancing oil recovery using a selection of proprietary

chemistries.

Mixture Viscosity Test

The objective of Mixture Viscosity Test is to analyze viscosity value related to mobility of mixture fluid

that will occur in the reservoir.

Laboratory Test

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

% O

il R

eco

ve

ry

)

Soaking Time (Day)

Air Formasi (S-1)

S12A 1% (S-2)

S12A 1% + STA-3 0.5% (S-3)

S18A 1% (S-4)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Vis

ko

sit

as (

cp

)

% Minyak

S12A 0.5%

S12A 1%

S12A 2%

S12A 3%

S12A 4%

S13A* 2%

S13A* 3.5%

S13A* 5%

Imbibition Lab Results for SL Field Viscoemulsion Lab Result for SL Field

Example Test Result

Laboratory Test

Surface Facility

There are two type of surface facility regarding production

optimization using surfactant stimulation huff & puff and continues

injection, first is rental facility unit gathering station for stimulation

huff & puff at reopening wells, 2nd using existing gathering station for

continues injection at injector wells, and for proper engineering

practices will be suggested by Facility engineer, Civil Engineer, and

Process engineer.


Huff and Puff is a process of

injecting surfactant solution

into a well, and then allowed to

stand (soaking) sometime after

it was produced back in. So

Huff and Puff was injecting

chemicals into a well and

produce at the same well.

The Example lay out of the operating unit injection preparation huff and puff of T

field . There are some equipment needed in the operation of Huff and Puff

surfactants are as follows:

1. Tank Mixer commonly used cementing (2x50 bbl)

2. Workover rig for setting and pull the plug pumps and cubing

3. The water reservoir tank (2x300 bbl)

4. The tank container surfactant solution (2x160 bbl)

5. Line-line injection

6. Injection pump


Continue………. (From the Layout example previous slide)

A1= Water Source (Capacity 600-700 bfpd)

A2= Water Sources existing

Location equipment at Gathering Station

B. Water collection tanks of gathering station after optimal (600-700 bfpd) and

separation of production wells (700-800 bwpd). total 1300-1400 ~ 0.9 bpm

C. Injection pump with automatic switch

Location equipment at Well Huff & Puff

D. Suction pumps for chemical transfer into the batch mixer

E. Batch mixer circulatory system and agitation (2 x 50 bbl)

F. Centrifugal pump (transfer from batch mixer tank to the collector)

G. collector tank @ 170 bbls (+ contain chemical fluid that is ready to be injected into

the well)

H. Transfer pumps and the "T" valve for fluid transfer to the main pump and for

circulating fluid in the tank remains homogeneous

I. Pumping units (2 x 350 kpa). all equipment BJ services using diesel power

J. The wells (800 psi injectivity results, 2500 bwpd ~ 2 bpm


Surface Facility Continues Injection

Surface facility regarding production optimization using surfactant

stimulation continues injection using existing gathering station at injector

wells. For modification and proper engineering practices will be

suggested by Facility engineer, Civil Engineer, and Process engineer.

Forecast & Actual ProductionExample Forecast & Actual Production

FORECAST Production T-Field

FORECAST & ACTUAL Production O-Field

Reference From many Sources

STIMULATION HUFF & PUFF AND CONTINUES INJECTION USING FORMULATED SURFACTANT

Engineering

Transcript of STIMULATION HUFF & PUFF AND CONTINUES INJECTION USING FORMULATED SURFACTANT