Stewart: Lifesavers 2008 What Communities Can Do to Prevent Alcohol Service Problems: New and...
-
Upload
felicia-wheeler -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Stewart: Lifesavers 2008 What Communities Can Do to Prevent Alcohol Service Problems: New and...
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
What Communities What Communities Can Do to Prevent Can Do to Prevent
Alcohol Service Alcohol Service Problems:Problems:
New and Ongoing New and Ongoing ResearchResearchKathryn StewartKathryn Stewart
Prevention Research Center of thePrevention Research Center of thePacific Institute for Research and EvaluationPacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
Safety and Policy Analysis InternationalSafety and Policy Analysis International
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Strategies Coordinating Strategies Coordinating Community Policy and Community Policy and
EnforcementEnforcement Preventing alcohol related problems at Preventing alcohol related problems at
the US/Mexico Borderthe US/Mexico Border Controlling alcohol outlet density to Controlling alcohol outlet density to
prevent alcohol problemsprevent alcohol problems Using policy and enforcement to Using policy and enforcement to
prevent alcohol problems in college prevent alcohol problems in college communitiescommunities
Using community awareness and Using community awareness and enforcement to reduce sales to minorsenforcement to reduce sales to minors
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
The Border The Border ProjectProject
Preventing alcohol-related Preventing alcohol-related problems at the US/Mexico problems at the US/Mexico
BorderBorder
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Current sitesCurrent sites
San Diego -TijuanaSan Diego -Tijuana El Paso – JuarezEl Paso – Juarez Laredo –Nuevo LaredoLaredo –Nuevo Laredo Brownsville - MatamorosBrownsville - Matamoros
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
The ProblemThe Problem
Mexico’s drinking age is 18Mexico’s drinking age is 18 Some border towns provided Some border towns provided
plentiful, cheap sources of alcoholplentiful, cheap sources of alcohol
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
The ProblemThe Problem
Mexico’s drinking age is 18Mexico’s drinking age is 18 Some border towns provided Some border towns provided
plentiful, cheap sources of alcoholplentiful, cheap sources of alcohol Young people traveled to Mexico to Young people traveled to Mexico to
drinkdrink Beverage service not always Beverage service not always
“responsible”“responsible”
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
The ProblemThe Problem
Mexico’s drinking age is 18Mexico’s drinking age is 18 Some border towns provided plentiful, Some border towns provided plentiful,
cheap sources of alcoholcheap sources of alcohol Young people traveled to Mexico to drinkYoung people traveled to Mexico to drink Beverage service not always Beverage service not always
“responsible”“responsible” Heavy drinking occurredHeavy drinking occurred Sometimes resulted in problems in Sometimes resulted in problems in
MexicoMexico
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
The ProblemThe Problem Mexico’s drinking age is 18Mexico’s drinking age is 18 Some border towns provided plentiful, Some border towns provided plentiful,
cheap sources of alcoholcheap sources of alcohol Young people traveled to Mexico to drinkYoung people traveled to Mexico to drink Beverage service not always Beverage service not always
“responsible”“responsible” Heavy drinking occurredHeavy drinking occurred Sometimes resulted in problems in Sometimes resulted in problems in
MexicoMexico Impaired young people drove homeImpaired young people drove home
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
The Research StrategyThe Research Strategy
PIRE studied drinking behavior of PIRE studied drinking behavior of young US residents crossing into young US residents crossing into MexicoMexico
Documented the extent of heavy Documented the extent of heavy drinkingdrinking
Shed light on motivations and Shed light on motivations and behavior of border crossersbehavior of border crossers
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
The Implementation The Implementation StrategyStrategy
The nature and scope of the problem The nature and scope of the problem were explained to groups and were explained to groups and agencies on both sides of the borderagencies on both sides of the border
Media advocacy brought the Media advocacy brought the problem to the attention of the problem to the attention of the public through compelling news public through compelling news coveragecoverage
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
The Change StrategiesThe Change Strategies
Earlier bar closingsEarlier bar closings Stepped up DUI enforcement efforts Stepped up DUI enforcement efforts
on the US side of the border on the US side of the border Highly publicized enforcement of Highly publicized enforcement of
laws against crossing by youth under laws against crossing by youth under 1818
New restrictions on Marines from New restrictions on Marines from Camp PendletonCamp Pendleton
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
The ResultsThe Results
Dramatic decline in number of Dramatic decline in number of nighttime crossings by young peoplenighttime crossings by young people
Reduction in nighttime crashes Reduction in nighttime crashes involving drivers under 18involving drivers under 18
90% reduction in number of Marines 90% reduction in number of Marines driving back from the borderdriving back from the border
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Alcohol Outlet Alcohol Outlet Density and Density and
Alcohol Alcohol ProblemsProblems
Making Enforcement More Making Enforcement More Effective through Alcohol Effective through Alcohol
PolicyPolicy
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
The ProblemThe Problem
Neighborhoods where bars, Neighborhoods where bars, restaurants and liquor and other restaurants and liquor and other stores that sell alcohol are close stores that sell alcohol are close together suffer more frequent together suffer more frequent incidences of violence and other incidences of violence and other alcohol-related problems.alcohol-related problems.
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Problems includeProblems include
Impaired drivingImpaired driving Property crimeProperty crime Violent crimeViolent crime Child abuse and neglectChild abuse and neglect Underage drinkingUnderage drinking
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
The Implementation The Implementation StrategyStrategy
Make communities aware of the Make communities aware of the problems created by alcohol outletsproblems created by alcohol outlets
Make communities aware of the Make communities aware of the policy strategies that can control policy strategies that can control outlet location and densityoutlet location and density Licensing policiesLicensing policies Land use policiesLand use policies
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
The ResultsThe ResultsCommunities can:Communities can:
Set minimum distances between Set minimum distances between alcohol outletsalcohol outlets
Limit new licenses for areas that Limit new licenses for areas that already have outlets too close already have outlets too close together;together;
Not issue a new license when an Not issue a new license when an outlet goes out of businessoutlet goes out of business
Permanently close outlets that Permanently close outlets that repeatedly violate liquor lawsrepeatedly violate liquor laws
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
The Follow-upThe Follow-up
Policy changes can permanently Policy changes can permanently change the environmentchange the environment
Reductions in alcohol problems can Reductions in alcohol problems can be sustainedbe sustained
Communities are empowered to take Communities are empowered to take control of the alcohol environmentcontrol of the alcohol environment
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Safer California Safer California UniversitiesUniversitiesProject GoalProject Goal
To evaluate the efficacy of To evaluate the efficacy of aa
“Risk Management” “Risk Management” approach to alcohol approach to alcohol problem preventionproblem prevention
NIAAA grant #R01 AA12516NIAAA grant #R01 AA12516with support from CSAP/SAMHSAwith support from CSAP/SAMHSA..
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Why Care About College Student Why Care About College Student Drinking?Drinking?
Over 1,700 deaths among 18-24 year old college Over 1,700 deaths among 18-24 year old college studentsstudents
590,000 unintentionally injured under the influence of 590,000 unintentionally injured under the influence of alcoholalcohol
More than 690,000 assaulted by another student who More than 690,000 assaulted by another student who has been drinkinghas been drinking
More than 97,000 are victims of alcohol-related sexual More than 97,000 are victims of alcohol-related sexual assault or date rapeassault or date rape
About 25 percent of college students report academic About 25 percent of college students report academic consequences of their drinking including missing class, consequences of their drinking including missing class, falling behind, doing poorly on exams or papers, and falling behind, doing poorly on exams or papers, and receiving lower grades overall receiving lower grades overall
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
What are we trying to What are we trying to prevent?prevent?
IntoxicationIntoxication
Harm related to intoxicationHarm related to intoxication
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Random AssignmentRandom Assignment
Intervention SitesIntervention Sites
CSU ChicoCSU Chico Sacramento StateSacramento State CSU Long BeachCSU Long Beach UC BerkeleyUC Berkeley UC DavisUC Davis UC RiversideUC Riverside UC Santa CruzUC Santa Cruz
Comparison SitesComparison Sites
Cal Poly SLOCal Poly SLO San Jose StateSan Jose State CSU FullertonCSU Fullerton UC IrvineUC Irvine UC Los AngelesUC Los Angeles UC San DiegoUC San Diego UC Santa BarbaraUC Santa Barbara
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
How is risk management How is risk management a unique approach?a unique approach?
Targets times and places instead of Targets times and places instead of individualsindividuals
Focus on intoxicationFocus on intoxication
Data driven and directiveData driven and directive
Tied to continuous monitoring and Tied to continuous monitoring and improvement - emphasis on “control” rather improvement - emphasis on “control” rather than “one shot” interventionsthan “one shot” interventions
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Strategies for Strategies for ImplementationImplementation
Focused on one (at most two) Focused on one (at most two) settingssettings
Focused on beginning of academic yearFocused on beginning of academic year
Highly-specified planning and Highly-specified planning and implementation processimplementation process
Minimal attention to motivationMinimal attention to motivation
Maximum attention to tasks and Maximum attention to tasks and implementation per seimplementation per se
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Integrated Intervention Integrated Intervention Strategies for Off-Campus Strategies for Off-Campus
Parties Parties
A Social Host Safe Party CampaignA Social Host Safe Party Campaign
Compliance ChecksCompliance Checks
DUI Check PointsDUI Check Points
Party PatrolsParty Patrols
Pass Social Host “Response Cost” Pass Social Host “Response Cost” OrdinanceOrdinance
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
OutcomesOutcomes
Likelihood of getting drunk at bars Likelihood of getting drunk at bars or restaurants much less.or restaurants much less.
Likelihood of getting drunk at off Likelihood of getting drunk at off campus parties much less.campus parties much less.
Overall likelihood of getting drunk at Overall likelihood of getting drunk at any location much less.any location much less.
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
In addition…In addition…
No DisplacementNo Displacement
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
In Sum…In Sum…
We have the ability to create We have the ability to create environments that help teens and environments that help teens and young adults make healthy decisions young adults make healthy decisions about alcohol consumptionabout alcohol consumption
We have ample evidence that these We have ample evidence that these strategies are effectivestrategies are effective
Our greatest impact will come from Our greatest impact will come from adopting mutually-reinforcing policies adopting mutually-reinforcing policies and practicesand practices
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Reducing Youth Access to Reducing Youth Access to Alcohol: Alcohol:
A Randomized TrialA Randomized Trial
Purpose of Study: Purpose of Study: Evaluate five Evaluate five combined environmental strategies to combined environmental strategies to reduce youth access to alcohol and reduce youth access to alcohol and underage drinkingunderage drinking
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Reducing Youth Access to Reducing Youth Access to Alcohol: Alcohol:
A Randomized TrialA Randomized Trial
Study DesignStudy Design
36 Oregon communities36 Oregon communities 18 randomly assigned to intervention18 randomly assigned to intervention Interventions staggered, ~6 Interventions staggered, ~6 communities every two yearscommunities every two years Now in second intervention year with Now in second intervention year with 11stst and 2 and 2ndnd intervention community intervention community cohortscohorts
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Reducing Youth Access Reducing Youth Access to Alcohol: A to Alcohol: A
Randomized TrialRandomized TrialEnvironmental StrategiesEnvironmental Strategies
Reward and Reminder ProgramReward and Reminder Program Minor Decoy Operations Minor Decoy Operations Shoulder Tap Operations Shoulder Tap Operations Party Patrols Party Patrols Traffic SurveillanceTraffic Surveillance Media AdvocacyMedia Advocacy
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Community InterventionsCommunity Interventions
MobilizationMobilization
Reward & ReminderReward & Reminder
MediaMedia
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Reward & ReminderReward & Reminder
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Reward & ReminderReward & Reminder
Total number of communities: 13Total number of communities: 13
Total number of stores visited: 104Total number of stores visited: 104
Total number of visits: 184Total number of visits: 184
Total number of rewards given: 104Total number of rewards given: 104
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
MediaMedia
Topics:Topics: The problem of underage drinkingThe problem of underage drinking The details of the projectThe details of the project Endorsed proclamationEndorsed proclamation Reward & Reminder resultsReward & Reminder results Alcohol and the teenage brainAlcohol and the teenage brain Prom and GraduationProm and Graduation Parents who host partiesParents who host parties Law enforcement activities in the Law enforcement activities in the
communitycommunity
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Alcohol Sources Among Oregon 8th and 11th Graders, 2006
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Perc
ent
8th Grade
11th Grade
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
Reducing Youth Access Reducing Youth Access to Alcohol: A to Alcohol: A
Randomized TrialRandomized TrialSummarySummary
Preliminary evidence of Preliminary evidence of intervention effects in 1intervention effects in 1stst community cohortcommunity cohort Stronger evidence if similar Stronger evidence if similar effects are observed in effects are observed in subsequent cohorts with support subsequent cohorts with support for intervening processesfor intervening processes
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
ConclusionsConclusions
Communities can create Communities can create environments that reduce alcohol environments that reduce alcohol related problems through related problems through Development of appropriate policiesDevelopment of appropriate policies Strategic use of law enforcement Strategic use of law enforcement
resourcesresources Strategic use of community awarenessStrategic use of community awareness
Stewart: Lifesavers 2008
www.resources.prev.orgwww.resources.prev.org