Steve Webb

Account Executive, Sales

Unconventional EOR Potential

Rapid Rate Declines and Low Recovery FactorsEOR can help improve Recovery Factors

EOR Techniques

Water

Flooding

Gas

Flooding

Other Processes• CO2 WAG

• Huff n’ Puff

Huff and Puff

Why Simulate?

• Physics-based models are forward-looking & provide ability to

forecast future behavior

− Include uncertain parameters to achieve a range of forecasts

− Past performance is not indicative of future behavior: data-based

techniques are backward-looking

• Easily evaluate multiple EOR techniques, using the same model

– Optimal configuration or EOR technique may not be applicable to

other unconventional reservoirs

• Optimize and evaluate EOR processes quickly and efficiently

Physics Black Oil Simulator Compositional Simulator

PVT BO, VO, GC, WG EOS

Adsorbed Components Gas Phase Multi-Comp

Molecular Diffusion w/ Dispersion - Multi-Comp/OWG Phases

Natural Fracs (NF) Dual Perm Dual Perm

Propped Fracs (PF) LS-LR in Matrix (MT) LS-LR in Matrix (MT)

Non-Darcy (turbulent) Flow MT, NF & PF MT, NF & PF

Relative Permeability & Pc MT, NF, PF & Time MT, NF, PF & Time

Pressure dependent Compaction MT, NF, PF & Time MT, NF, PF & Time

Stress dependent Compaction - Geomechanics-based

Chemical Reactions - Ion Exchange & Geochemistry

Primary Production Primary Production & EOR

Why Simulate? Most Complete Physics

CMG’s Unconventional Reservoir Modelling History

CMG’s Unconventional Reservoir Workflow

Complex Fractures via Micro Seismic

Bi-Wing Planar Fractures

Third Party Import

Case StudyBased on SPE 169575

Simulation Study of CO2 Huff-n-Puff Process in

Bakken Tight Oil Reservoirs

Base Model Description

Property Value

Depth 8800 ft

Porosity 0.08

Permeability 500 nD

Water Saturation 0.41

Thickness 40 ft

Base Model Description

Property Value

Fracture Half Length 215 ft

Fracture Height 40 ft

Fracture Spacing 80 ft

Fracture Conductivity 50 mD-ft

Base Model Description

Property Value

Reservoir Temperature 240 ºF

Oil Density 40 API

Bubble Point Pressure 1850 psi

GOR 725 scf/stb

CO2 MMP 2250 psi

C2 MMP 425 psi

Base Model Setup

Production & Injection Cycles / Recovery Factor

Oil Recovery Factor

Process Mechanism: Oil Viscosity

C2 – C4 InjectionCO2 InjectionNatural Depletion

0

0.35

cP

Miscible Huff n’ Puff Optimization

Huff n’ Puff

• Production, Injection,

Soak Cycle Switching

• Injection Pressure

• Cycling Start & End

Dates

CMOST Demo

Conclusions

• CMG offers unique EOR modelling capabilities

- Diffusion, miscibility, relative permeability hysteresis

• Established workflow for modelling unconventional reservoirs

- Economical vs technical optimum

• CMOST AI allows modelling of sensitivity to geological &

economical parameters

- Emphasizes need to optimize for the specific reservoir

For more information, please contact sales@cmgl.ca