Step Up To: Step Up To: PsychologyPsychology

John J. Schulte, Psy.D.John J. Schulte, Psy.D.&&

Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABDJason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD

Step Up To: Step Up To: PsychologyPsychology

John J. Schulte, Psy.D.John J. Schulte, Psy.D.&&

Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABDJason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD

From: Hockenbury & From: Hockenbury & HockenburyHockenbury

Discovering Psychology Discovering Psychology 55ee

Worth Publishers (2010)Worth Publishers (2010)

From: Hockenbury & From: Hockenbury & HockenburyHockenbury

Discovering Psychology Discovering Psychology 55ee

Worth Publishers (2010)Worth Publishers (2010)

Chapter 12: StressChapter 12: Stress Health and Coping Health and CopingChapter 12: StressChapter 12: Stress Health and Coping Health and Coping

What is Stress?

The Mind-Body Connection

Individual Factors and Stress Response

Coping: How

People Deal with

Stress

Application

100

200

300

400

500

What is Stress?

100

200

300

400

500

The Mind-Body Connection

100

200

300

400

500

Individual Factors and Stress Response

100

200

300

400

500

Coping: How People Deal with

Stress

100

200

300

400

500

Applications

1. Our perception of a 1. Our perception of a particular stimulus as particular stimulus as ‘stressful’ depends on:‘stressful’ depends on:

1. Our perception of a 1. Our perception of a particular stimulus as particular stimulus as ‘stressful’ depends on:‘stressful’ depends on:

• A) whether the stimulus is new or familiar to us

• B) how life-threatening the stimulus is

• C) our cognitive appraisal of the stimulus and our coping resources

• D) whether or not others are involved

• A) whether the stimulus is new or familiar to us

• B) how life-threatening the stimulus is

• C) our cognitive appraisal of the stimulus and our coping resources

• D) whether or not others are involved

2.2. Everyday minor events that Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people are annoy and upset people are called: called:

2.2. Everyday minor events that Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people are annoy and upset people are called: called:

• A) stressors

• B) daily hassles

• C) life changes

• D) normal setbacks

• A) stressors

• B) daily hassles

• C) life changes

• D) normal setbacks

3. According to the Social 3. According to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale by Readjustment Rating Scale by Holmes and Rahe, the most Holmes and Rahe, the most stressful life change reported by stressful life change reported by subjects is:subjects is:

3. According to the Social 3. According to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale by Readjustment Rating Scale by Holmes and Rahe, the most Holmes and Rahe, the most stressful life change reported by stressful life change reported by subjects is:subjects is:

• A) being fired from a job• B) the death of a spouse• C) the death of a parent• D) getting a divorce

• A) being fired from a job• B) the death of a spouse• C) the death of a parent• D) getting a divorce

4.4.When an individual or family When an individual or family moves from one location to moves from one location to another and struggles to learn another and struggles to learn and adapt to new norms and and adapt to new norms and expectations, they are expectations, they are experiencing __________ stress.experiencing __________ stress.

4.4.When an individual or family When an individual or family moves from one location to moves from one location to another and struggles to learn another and struggles to learn and adapt to new norms and and adapt to new norms and expectations, they are expectations, they are experiencing __________ stress.experiencing __________ stress.• A) acculturative

• B) immigrant

• C) accommodative

• D) assimilative

• A) acculturative

• B) immigrant

• C) accommodative

• D) assimilative

5.5. Which of the following would Which of the following would notnot be a topic of specific be a topic of specific interest to a health interest to a health psychologist?psychologist?

5.5. Which of the following would Which of the following would notnot be a topic of specific be a topic of specific interest to a health interest to a health psychologist?psychologist?

• A) How to effectively treat schizophrenia

• B) Why some people don’t follow medical advice

• C) How people respond to being ill

• D) How to promote health-enhancing behaviors

• A) How to effectively treat schizophrenia

• B) Why some people don’t follow medical advice

• C) How people respond to being ill

• D) How to promote health-enhancing behaviors

6. 6. The scientific study that examines The scientific study that examines the interconnections between the interconnections between psychological processes, the psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune nervous system, and the immune system is called:system is called:

6. 6. The scientific study that examines The scientific study that examines the interconnections between the interconnections between psychological processes, the psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune nervous system, and the immune system is called:system is called:• A) health psychology

• B) biopsychology

• C) psychoneuroimmunology

• D) stress psychology

• A) health psychology

• B) biopsychology

• C) psychoneuroimmunology

• D) stress psychology

7. The most important elements of 7. The most important elements of the human immune system are the human immune system are __________, which are white blood __________, which are white blood cells that fight bacteria, viruses, cells that fight bacteria, viruses, andand other foreign invaders. other foreign invaders.

7. The most important elements of 7. The most important elements of the human immune system are the human immune system are __________, which are white blood __________, which are white blood cells that fight bacteria, viruses, cells that fight bacteria, viruses, andand other foreign invaders. other foreign invaders.• A) granulocytes

• B) lymphocytes

• C) histamines

• D) killer t-cells

• A) granulocytes

• B) lymphocytes

• C) histamines

• D) killer t-cells

8. Corticosteroids are important 8. Corticosteroids are important stress hormones, but they stress hormones, but they have some negative have some negative properties that cause:properties that cause:

8. Corticosteroids are important 8. Corticosteroids are important stress hormones, but they stress hormones, but they have some negative have some negative properties that cause:properties that cause:

• A) premature aging

• B) cardiovascular disease

• C) weakening of the immune system

• D) all of the above

• A) premature aging

• B) cardiovascular disease

• C) weakening of the immune system

• D) all of the above

9. During the fight-or-flight 9. During the fight-or-flight response, the adrenal medulla response, the adrenal medulla secretes the hormones secretes the hormones called__________, which include called__________, which include adrenaline and noradrenaline.adrenaline and noradrenaline.

9. During the fight-or-flight 9. During the fight-or-flight response, the adrenal medulla response, the adrenal medulla secretes the hormones secretes the hormones called__________, which include called__________, which include adrenaline and noradrenaline.adrenaline and noradrenaline.• A) catecholamines

• B) acetylcholine and GABA

• C) dopamine and serotonin

• D) testosterone and progesterone

• A) catecholamines

• B) acetylcholine and GABA

• C) dopamine and serotonin

• D) testosterone and progesterone

10. During the _________ stage of 10. During the _________ stage of the general adaptation the general adaptation syndrome, the body mobilizes its syndrome, the body mobilizes its stress-fighting resources in stress-fighting resources in response to intense arousal.response to intense arousal.

10. During the _________ stage of 10. During the _________ stage of the general adaptation the general adaptation syndrome, the body mobilizes its syndrome, the body mobilizes its stress-fighting resources in stress-fighting resources in response to intense arousal.response to intense arousal.• A) resistance

• B) exhaustion

• C) alarm

• D) breakdown

• A) resistance

• B) exhaustion

• C) alarm

• D) breakdown

11. Social relationships have 11. Social relationships have what effect on stress?what effect on stress?

11. Social relationships have 11. Social relationships have what effect on stress?what effect on stress?

• A) They are stress-reducing

• B) They have no effect on stress

• C) They increase stress

• D) They are helpful in reducing stress but can also be a source of stress

• A) They are stress-reducing

• B) They have no effect on stress

• C) They increase stress

• D) They are helpful in reducing stress but can also be a source of stress

12. Among individuals in 12. Among individuals in western cultures, stress may western cultures, stress may be reduced by:be reduced by:

12. Among individuals in 12. Among individuals in western cultures, stress may western cultures, stress may be reduced by:be reduced by:

• A) being “talked out of it”

• B) increasing a realistic sense of personal control

• C) using medication

• D) an increased sense of will-power

• A) being “talked out of it”

• B) increasing a realistic sense of personal control

• C) using medication

• D) an increased sense of will-power

1313. When explaining a recent . When explaining a recent failure, Maurice used internal, failure, Maurice used internal, stable, and global explanations. stable, and global explanations. Seligman describes this as a Seligman describes this as a __________style.__________style.

1313. When explaining a recent . When explaining a recent failure, Maurice used internal, failure, Maurice used internal, stable, and global explanations. stable, and global explanations. Seligman describes this as a Seligman describes this as a __________style.__________style.

• A) pessimistic explanatory

• B) optimistic explanatory

• C) dichotomous explanatory

• D) robust explanatory

• A) pessimistic explanatory

• B) optimistic explanatory

• C) dichotomous explanatory

• D) robust explanatory

14. The critical component of a 14. The critical component of a Type A personality that best Type A personality that best predicts the onset of cardiac predicts the onset of cardiac disease is:disease is:

14. The critical component of a 14. The critical component of a Type A personality that best Type A personality that best predicts the onset of cardiac predicts the onset of cardiac disease is:disease is:• A) pessimism

• B) intense competitiveness

• C) a sense of time urgency

• D) hostility

• A) pessimism

• B) intense competitiveness

• C) a sense of time urgency

• D) hostility

15.15. Supportive behaviors Supportive behaviors perceived as helpful to those perceived as helpful to those under stress include all of the under stress include all of the following following except:except:

15.15. Supportive behaviors Supportive behaviors perceived as helpful to those perceived as helpful to those under stress include all of the under stress include all of the following following except:except:

• A) making sure the person knows that you have been through the same stressful situation in the past

• B) showing concern and interest

• C) expressing understanding about why the person is upset

• D) helping the person with housework

• A) making sure the person knows that you have been through the same stressful situation in the past

• B) showing concern and interest

• C) expressing understanding about why the person is upset

• D) helping the person with housework

16.16. Steve copes with stress by Steve copes with stress by getting drunk. He is getting drunk. He is demonstrating the maladaptive demonstrating the maladaptive strategy known as:strategy known as:

16.16. Steve copes with stress by Steve copes with stress by getting drunk. He is getting drunk. He is demonstrating the maladaptive demonstrating the maladaptive strategy known as:strategy known as:

• A) denial

• B) escape-avoidance

• C) distancing

• D) positive reappraisal

• A) denial

• B) escape-avoidance

• C) distancing

• D) positive reappraisal

17.17. In response to stress, In response to stress, women are more likely to:women are more likely to:

17.17. In response to stress, In response to stress, women are more likely to:women are more likely to:

• A) tend and befriend

• B) give up and cry

• C) fight or flee

• D) engage Freudian defense mechanisms

• A) tend and befriend

• B) give up and cry

• C) fight or flee

• D) engage Freudian defense mechanisms

18.18.After the hurricane hit, those in After the hurricane hit, those in the affected communities the affected communities helped each other clear the helped each other clear the wreckage. This behavior wreckage. This behavior demonstrates:demonstrates:

18.18.After the hurricane hit, those in After the hurricane hit, those in the affected communities the affected communities helped each other clear the helped each other clear the wreckage. This behavior wreckage. This behavior demonstrates:demonstrates:• A) optimistic style

• B) tending and befriending

• C) emotion-focused coping

• D) problem-focused coping

• A) optimistic style

• B) tending and befriending

• C) emotion-focused coping

• D) problem-focused coping

19.19.“Sure it hurt to get fired, but I “Sure it hurt to get fired, but I learned something from it. I am learned something from it. I am really a better person for it.” This really a better person for it.” This statement is an example of: statement is an example of:

19.19.“Sure it hurt to get fired, but I “Sure it hurt to get fired, but I learned something from it. I am learned something from it. I am really a better person for it.” This really a better person for it.” This statement is an example of: statement is an example of:

• A) denial

• B) seeking social support

• C) positive reappraisal

• D) escape-avoidance

• A) denial

• B) seeking social support

• C) positive reappraisal

• D) escape-avoidance

20.20.There are cultural differences in There are cultural differences in how we respond to a stressor. how we respond to a stressor. For example, in collectivist For example, in collectivist cultures, the emphasis is placed cultures, the emphasis is placed on:on:

20.20.There are cultural differences in There are cultural differences in how we respond to a stressor. how we respond to a stressor. For example, in collectivist For example, in collectivist cultures, the emphasis is placed cultures, the emphasis is placed on:on:

• A) controlling your reaction to the stressful event

• B) problem-focused coping

• C) controlling the situation

• D) using rational denial to psychologically change the event

• A) controlling your reaction to the stressful event

• B) problem-focused coping

• C) controlling the situation

• D) using rational denial to psychologically change the event

21.21. The authors of your The authors of your textbook suggest all of the textbook suggest all of the following as ways of following as ways of minimizing the negative minimizing the negative effects of stress effects of stress except:except:

21.21. The authors of your The authors of your textbook suggest all of the textbook suggest all of the following as ways of following as ways of minimizing the negative minimizing the negative effects of stress effects of stress except:except:

• A) getting enough sleep

• B) exercising regularly

• C) avoiding alcohol

• D) practicing relaxation

• A) getting enough sleep

• B) exercising regularly

• C) avoiding alcohol

• D) practicing relaxation

22.22. Which of the following is Which of the following is most likely to be affected by the most likely to be affected by the lack of sleep that often lack of sleep that often accompanies stressful accompanies stressful situations?situations?

22.22. Which of the following is Which of the following is most likely to be affected by the most likely to be affected by the lack of sleep that often lack of sleep that often accompanies stressful accompanies stressful situations?situations?

• A) concentration

• B) reaction time

• C) memory

• D) All of the above can be impaired by inadequate sleep

• A) concentration

• B) reaction time

• C) memory

• D) All of the above can be impaired by inadequate sleep

23.23.The relaxation technique called The relaxation technique called ________ involves focusing ________ involves focusing mental attention, heightening mental attention, heightening awareness, and quieting awareness, and quieting internal chatter.internal chatter.

23.23.The relaxation technique called The relaxation technique called ________ involves focusing ________ involves focusing mental attention, heightening mental attention, heightening awareness, and quieting awareness, and quieting internal chatter.internal chatter.

• A) self-hypnosis

• B) progressive muscle relaxation

• C) meditation

• D) guided imagery

• A) self-hypnosis

• B) progressive muscle relaxation

• C) meditation

• D) guided imagery

24. James smokes cigarettes “to 24. James smokes cigarettes “to relax,” he says. Knowing what relax,” he says. Knowing what you know from the chapter, you you know from the chapter, you tell him:tell him:

24. James smokes cigarettes “to 24. James smokes cigarettes “to relax,” he says. Knowing what relax,” he says. Knowing what you know from the chapter, you you know from the chapter, you tell him:tell him:

• A) the use of stimulants like nicotine and caffeine can actually increase the effects of stress

• B) the only way cigarettes help is if he uses a “light” brand of cigarette

• C) research shows that more nicotine can be ingested through chewing tobacco if he insists on using it at all

• D) all of the above

• A) the use of stimulants like nicotine and caffeine can actually increase the effects of stress

• B) the only way cigarettes help is if he uses a “light” brand of cigarette

• C) research shows that more nicotine can be ingested through chewing tobacco if he insists on using it at all

• D) all of the above

25.25. According to research, the According to research, the health benefits of being married health benefits of being married are:are:

25.25. According to research, the According to research, the health benefits of being married health benefits of being married are:are:

• A) more pronounced for women then for men• B) more pronounced for men then for women• C) equally as important for men and women• D) more pronounced for older adults than for

younger adults

• A) more pronounced for women then for men• B) more pronounced for men then for women• C) equally as important for men and women• D) more pronounced for older adults than for

younger adults

Stop here, or continue as a review

1. Our perception of a 1. Our perception of a particular stimulus as particular stimulus as ‘stressful’ depends on:‘stressful’ depends on:

1. Our perception of a 1. Our perception of a particular stimulus as particular stimulus as ‘stressful’ depends on:‘stressful’ depends on:

• A) whether the stimulus is new or familiar to us

• B) how life-threatening the stimulus is

• C) our cognitive appraisal of the stimulus and our coping resources

• D) whether or not others are involved

• A) whether the stimulus is new or familiar to us

• B) how life-threatening the stimulus is

• C) our cognitive appraisal of the stimulus and our coping resources

• D) whether or not others are involved

2.2. Everyday minor events that Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people are annoy and upset people are called: called:

2.2. Everyday minor events that Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people are annoy and upset people are called: called:

• A) stressors

• B) daily hassles

• C) life changes

• D) normal setbacks

• A) stressors

• B) daily hassles

• C) life changes

• D) normal setbacks

3. According to the Social 3. According to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale by Readjustment Rating Scale by Holmes and Rahe, the most Holmes and Rahe, the most stressful life change reported by stressful life change reported by subjects is:subjects is:

3. According to the Social 3. According to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale by Readjustment Rating Scale by Holmes and Rahe, the most Holmes and Rahe, the most stressful life change reported by stressful life change reported by subjects is:subjects is:

• A) being fired from a job• B) the death of a spouse• C) the death of a parent• D) getting a divorce

• A) being fired from a job• B) the death of a spouse• C) the death of a parent• D) getting a divorce

4.4.When an individual or family When an individual or family moves from one location to moves from one location to another and struggles to learn another and struggles to learn and adapt to new norms and and adapt to new norms and expectations, they are expectations, they are experiencing __________ stress.experiencing __________ stress.

4.4.When an individual or family When an individual or family moves from one location to moves from one location to another and struggles to learn another and struggles to learn and adapt to new norms and and adapt to new norms and expectations, they are expectations, they are experiencing __________ stress.experiencing __________ stress.• A) acculturative

• B) immigrant

• C) accommodative

• D) assimilative

• A) acculturative

• B) immigrant

• C) accommodative

• D) assimilative

5.5. Which of the following would Which of the following would notnot be a topic of specific be a topic of specific interest to a health interest to a health psychologist?psychologist?

5.5. Which of the following would Which of the following would notnot be a topic of specific be a topic of specific interest to a health interest to a health psychologist?psychologist?

• A) How to effectively treat schizophrenia

• B) Why some people don’t follow medical advice

• C) How people respond to being ill

• D) How to promote health-enhancing behaviors

• A) How to effectively treat schizophrenia

• B) Why some people don’t follow medical advice

• C) How people respond to being ill

• D) How to promote health-enhancing behaviors

6. 6. The scientific study that examines The scientific study that examines the interconnections between the interconnections between psychological processes, the psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune nervous system, and the immune system is called:system is called:

6. 6. The scientific study that examines The scientific study that examines the interconnections between the interconnections between psychological processes, the psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune nervous system, and the immune system is called:system is called:• A) health psychology

• B) biopsychology

• C) psychoneuroimmunology

• D) stress psychology

• A) health psychology

• B) biopsychology

• C) psychoneuroimmunology

• D) stress psychology

7. The most important elements of 7. The most important elements of the human immune system are the human immune system are __________, which are white blood __________, which are white blood cells that fight bacteria, viruses, cells that fight bacteria, viruses, andand other foreign invaders. other foreign invaders.

7. The most important elements of 7. The most important elements of the human immune system are the human immune system are __________, which are white blood __________, which are white blood cells that fight bacteria, viruses, cells that fight bacteria, viruses, andand other foreign invaders. other foreign invaders.• A) granulocytes

• B) lymphocytes

• C) histamines

• D) killer t-cells

• A) granulocytes

• B) lymphocytes

• C) histamines

• D) killer t-cells

8. Corticosteroids are important 8. Corticosteroids are important stress hormones, but they stress hormones, but they have some negative have some negative properties that cause:properties that cause:

8. Corticosteroids are important 8. Corticosteroids are important stress hormones, but they stress hormones, but they have some negative have some negative properties that cause:properties that cause:

• A) premature aging

• B) cardiovascular disease

• C) weakening of the immune system

• D) all of the above

• A) premature aging

• B) cardiovascular disease

• C) weakening of the immune system

• D) all of the above

9. During the fight-or-flight 9. During the fight-or-flight response, the adrenal medulla response, the adrenal medulla secretes the hormones secretes the hormones called__________, which include called__________, which include adrenaline and noradrenaline.adrenaline and noradrenaline.

9. During the fight-or-flight 9. During the fight-or-flight response, the adrenal medulla response, the adrenal medulla secretes the hormones secretes the hormones called__________, which include called__________, which include adrenaline and noradrenaline.adrenaline and noradrenaline.• A) catecholamines

• B) acetylcholine and GABA

• C) dopamine and serotonin

• D) testosterone and progesterone

• A) catecholamines

• B) acetylcholine and GABA

• C) dopamine and serotonin

• D) testosterone and progesterone

10. During the _________ stage of 10. During the _________ stage of the general adaptation the general adaptation syndrome, the body mobilizes its syndrome, the body mobilizes its stress-fighting resources in stress-fighting resources in response to intense arousal.response to intense arousal.

10. During the _________ stage of 10. During the _________ stage of the general adaptation the general adaptation syndrome, the body mobilizes its syndrome, the body mobilizes its stress-fighting resources in stress-fighting resources in response to intense arousal.response to intense arousal.• A) resistance

• B) exhaustion

• C) alarm

• D) breakdown

• A) resistance

• B) exhaustion

• C) alarm

• D) breakdown

11. Social relationships have 11. Social relationships have what effect on stress?what effect on stress?

11. Social relationships have 11. Social relationships have what effect on stress?what effect on stress?

• A) They are stress-reducing

• B) They have no effect on stress

• C) They increase stress

• D) They are helpful in reducing stress but can also be a source of stress

• A) They are stress-reducing

• B) They have no effect on stress

• C) They increase stress

• D) They are helpful in reducing stress but can also be a source of stress

12. Among individuals in 12. Among individuals in western cultures, stress may western cultures, stress may be reduced by:be reduced by:

12. Among individuals in 12. Among individuals in western cultures, stress may western cultures, stress may be reduced by:be reduced by:

• A) being “talked out of it”

• B) increasing a realistic sense of personal control

• C) using medication

• D) an increased sense of will-power

• A) being “talked out of it”

• B) increasing a realistic sense of personal control

• C) using medication

• D) an increased sense of will-power

1313. When explaining a recent . When explaining a recent failure, Maurice used internal, failure, Maurice used internal, stable, and global explanations. stable, and global explanations. Seligman describes this as a Seligman describes this as a __________style.__________style.

1313. When explaining a recent . When explaining a recent failure, Maurice used internal, failure, Maurice used internal, stable, and global explanations. stable, and global explanations. Seligman describes this as a Seligman describes this as a __________style.__________style.

• A) pessimistic explanatory

• B) optimistic explanatory

• C) dichotomous explanatory

• D) robust explanatory

• A) pessimistic explanatory

• B) optimistic explanatory

• C) dichotomous explanatory

• D) robust explanatory

14. The critical component of a 14. The critical component of a Type A personality that best Type A personality that best predicts the onset of cardiac predicts the onset of cardiac disease is:disease is:

14. The critical component of a 14. The critical component of a Type A personality that best Type A personality that best predicts the onset of cardiac predicts the onset of cardiac disease is:disease is:• A) pessimism

• B) intense competitiveness

• C) a sense of time urgency

• D) hostility

• A) pessimism

• B) intense competitiveness

• C) a sense of time urgency

• D) hostility

15.15. Supportive behaviors Supportive behaviors perceived as helpful to those perceived as helpful to those under stress include all of the under stress include all of the following following except:except:

15.15. Supportive behaviors Supportive behaviors perceived as helpful to those perceived as helpful to those under stress include all of the under stress include all of the following following except:except:

• A) making sure the person knows that you have been through the same stressful situation in the past

• B) showing concern and interest

• C) expressing understanding about why the person is upset

• D) helping the person with housework

• A) making sure the person knows that you have been through the same stressful situation in the past

• B) showing concern and interest

• C) expressing understanding about why the person is upset

• D) helping the person with housework

16.16. Steve copes with stress by Steve copes with stress by getting drunk. He is getting drunk. He is demonstrating the maladaptive demonstrating the maladaptive strategy known as:strategy known as:

16.16. Steve copes with stress by Steve copes with stress by getting drunk. He is getting drunk. He is demonstrating the maladaptive demonstrating the maladaptive strategy known as:strategy known as:

• A) denial

• B) escape-avoidance

• C) distancing

• D) positive reappraisal

• A) denial

• B) escape-avoidance

• C) distancing

• D) positive reappraisal

17.17. In response to stress, In response to stress, women are more likely to:women are more likely to:

17.17. In response to stress, In response to stress, women are more likely to:women are more likely to:

• A) tend and befriend

• B) give up and cry

• C) fight or flee

• D) engage Freudian defense mechanisms

• A) tend and befriend

• B) give up and cry

• C) fight or flee

• D) engage Freudian defense mechanisms

18.18.After the hurricane hit, those in After the hurricane hit, those in the affected communities the affected communities helped each other clear the helped each other clear the wreckage. This behavior wreckage. This behavior demonstrates:demonstrates:

18.18.After the hurricane hit, those in After the hurricane hit, those in the affected communities the affected communities helped each other clear the helped each other clear the wreckage. This behavior wreckage. This behavior demonstrates:demonstrates:• A) optimistic style

• B) tending and befriending

• C) emotion-focused coping

• D) problem-focused coping

• A) optimistic style

• B) tending and befriending

• C) emotion-focused coping

• D) problem-focused coping

19.19.“Sure it hurt to get fired, but I “Sure it hurt to get fired, but I learned something from it. I am learned something from it. I am really a better person for it.” This really a better person for it.” This statement is an example of: statement is an example of:

19.19.“Sure it hurt to get fired, but I “Sure it hurt to get fired, but I learned something from it. I am learned something from it. I am really a better person for it.” This really a better person for it.” This statement is an example of: statement is an example of:

• A) denial

• B) seeking social support

• C) positive reappraisal

• D) escape-avoidance

• A) denial

• B) seeking social support

• C) positive reappraisal

• D) escape-avoidance

20.20.There are cultural differences in There are cultural differences in how we respond to a stressor. how we respond to a stressor. For example, in collectivist For example, in collectivist cultures, the emphasis is placed cultures, the emphasis is placed on:on:

20.20.There are cultural differences in There are cultural differences in how we respond to a stressor. how we respond to a stressor. For example, in collectivist For example, in collectivist cultures, the emphasis is placed cultures, the emphasis is placed on:on:

• A) controlling your reaction to the stressful event

• B) problem-focused coping

• C) controlling the situation

• D) using rational denial to psychologically change the event

• A) controlling your reaction to the stressful event

• B) problem-focused coping

• C) controlling the situation

• D) using rational denial to psychologically change the event

21.21. The authors of your The authors of your textbook suggest all of the textbook suggest all of the following as ways of following as ways of minimizing the negative minimizing the negative effects of stress effects of stress except:except:

21.21. The authors of your The authors of your textbook suggest all of the textbook suggest all of the following as ways of following as ways of minimizing the negative minimizing the negative effects of stress effects of stress except:except:

• A) getting enough sleep

• B) exercising regularly

• C) avoiding alcohol

• D) practicing relaxation

• A) getting enough sleep

• B) exercising regularly

• C) avoiding alcohol

• D) practicing relaxation

22.22. Which of the following is Which of the following is most likely to be affected by the most likely to be affected by the lack of sleep that often lack of sleep that often accompanies stressful accompanies stressful situations?situations?

22.22. Which of the following is Which of the following is most likely to be affected by the most likely to be affected by the lack of sleep that often lack of sleep that often accompanies stressful accompanies stressful situations?situations?

• A) concentration

• B) reaction time

• C) memory

• D) All of the above can be impaired by inadequate sleep

• A) concentration

• B) reaction time

• C) memory

• D) All of the above can be impaired by inadequate sleep

23.23.The relaxation technique called The relaxation technique called ________ involves focusing ________ involves focusing mental attention, heightening mental attention, heightening awareness, and quieting awareness, and quieting internal chatter.internal chatter.

23.23.The relaxation technique called The relaxation technique called ________ involves focusing ________ involves focusing mental attention, heightening mental attention, heightening awareness, and quieting awareness, and quieting internal chatter.internal chatter.

• A) self-hypnosis

• B) progressive muscle relaxation

• C) meditation

• D) guided imagery

• A) self-hypnosis

• B) progressive muscle relaxation

• C) meditation

• D) guided imagery

24. James smokes cigarettes “to 24. James smokes cigarettes “to relax,” he says. Knowing what relax,” he says. Knowing what you know from the chapter, you you know from the chapter, you tell him:tell him:

24. James smokes cigarettes “to 24. James smokes cigarettes “to relax,” he says. Knowing what relax,” he says. Knowing what you know from the chapter, you you know from the chapter, you tell him:tell him:

• A) the use of stimulants like nicotine and caffeine can actually increase the effects of stress

• B) the only way cigarettes help is if he uses a “light” brand of cigarette

• C) research shows that more nicotine can be ingested through chewing tobacco if he insists on using it at all

• D) all of the above

• A) the use of stimulants like nicotine and caffeine can actually increase the effects of stress

• B) the only way cigarettes help is if he uses a “light” brand of cigarette

• C) research shows that more nicotine can be ingested through chewing tobacco if he insists on using it at all

• D) all of the above

25.25. According to research, the According to research, the health benefits of being married health benefits of being married are:are:

25.25. According to research, the According to research, the health benefits of being married health benefits of being married are:are:

• A) more pronounced for women then for men• B) more pronounced for men then for women• C) equally as important for men and women• D) more pronounced for older adults than for

younger adults

• A) more pronounced for women then for men• B) more pronounced for men then for women• C) equally as important for men and women• D) more pronounced for older adults than for

younger adults

AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgmentsAcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments

• Step Up Created by:John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

• Questions written by:Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD

• Based on Discovering Psychology 5e by Hockenbury & Hockenbury

• Published by Worth Publishers, 2010

• Step Up Created by:John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

• Questions written by:Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD

• Based on Discovering Psychology 5e by Hockenbury & Hockenbury

• Published by Worth Publishers, 2010

AnswersAnswersAnswersAnswers

1. C

2. B

3. B

4. A

5. A

6. C

7. B

8. D

9. A

10. C

11. D

12. B

13. A

14. D

15. A

16. B

17. A

18. D

19. C

20. A

21. C

22. D

23. C

24. A

25. B