Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other...
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Transcript of Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other...
![Page 1: Stems - I. Primary Structure of Stems Dermal – Epidermis Ground Tissue –Cortex –Pith –Other Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles –Collateral VB –Bicollateral.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649e925503460f94b9829f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Stems - I
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Primary Structure of Stems
• Dermal – Epidermis• Ground Tissue
– Cortex– Pith– Other
• Vascular Tissue – vascular bundles– Collateral VB– Bicollateral VB– Concentric VB
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Acorus stem with endodermis
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Amphivasal VB
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Morphological concepts used to explain primary anatomy
• Stelar Theory
• Leaf Trace Theory
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Types of steles
Protosteles -------------->
Siphonosteles-------------->
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Protosteles have a central core of vascular tissue surrounded by cortex (not shown)
Xylem
Phloem
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Haplostele in Psilotum rhizome
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Haplostele in Selaginella root
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Actinostele in Psilotum stem
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Actinostele in Ranunculus root
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Plectosteles in Lycopodium stems
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Siphonosteles have a central pith surrounded by a cylinder of vascular tissue
Ectophloic Siphonostele
Amphiphloic siphonostele
Dictyostele
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Ectophloic siphonstele in fern rhizome with a ring of xylem surrounded by a ring of phloem
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Amphiphloic siphonostele in a fern rhizome with two rings of phloem on each side of xylem
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Leaf traces and leaf gaps
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Siphonostele with a leaf gap and leaf trace
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Dictyosteles are considered amphiphloic siphonosteles with overlapping leaf gaps
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Modified siphonosteles
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Eustele
Dicots and gymnosperms Monocots
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Evolution of stelar types
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Flattened protostele in Selaginella stem
Flattened haplostele? OR Actinostele with two arms?
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Actinostele with irregular shape
Or a plectostele with connections between xylem areas?
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Stele in stem Asteroxylon (fossil member of Division Lycophyta)
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Leaf traces originate at the apical meristem
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Leaf traces
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Anatomy of nodes
Unilacunar with 2 traces
Unilacunar with 1 trace
Trilacunar with 3 traces
Multilacunar with many gaps and many traces