Steering systems Steering systems

Functions and its typesFunctions and its types

Steering system componentsSteering system components

Steering wheel, column and shaft Steering wheel, column and shaft Steering gear Steering gear systemsystem Steering linkage Steering linkage Tie rodsTie rods Steering armsSteering arms Ball jointsBall joints

Steering wheelSteering wheel

• Used by the driver to rotate a steering shaft Used by the driver to rotate a steering shaft that passes through the steering column. that passes through the steering column.

Steering wheelSteering wheel

PullerPuller

Steering columnSteering column

• Supports the steering wheel and steering shaft.Supports the steering wheel and steering shaft.

Steering columnSteering column

Steering gear systemsSteering gear systems

Recirculating ballRecirculating ball Rack and pinionRack and pinion

Recirculating ballRecirculating ball

• Used to move steering Tie rods.Used to move steering Tie rods.

Recirculating ballRecirculating ball

Pitman armPitman arm

Rack and pinion Rack and pinion

• Converting circular motion into linear motion Converting circular motion into linear motion along the transverse axis of the car.along the transverse axis of the car.

Rack and pinion Rack and pinion

Steering linkage Steering linkage

• Steering linkage is connected to the wheels Steering linkage is connected to the wheels and the steering gear.and the steering gear.

Tie rods Tie rods

• Used to adjust TOE of the car – tires face in / Used to adjust TOE of the car – tires face in / \ or out \ / when driving straight.\ or out \ / when driving straight.

Tie rods Tie rods

Tie rodsTie rods

Steering arms Steering arms

• Used to get proper steering angle during turns. Used to get proper steering angle during turns.

Steering arms Steering arms

Ball joints Ball joints

Allow suspension movement up and down, as Allow suspension movement up and down, as well as turning movement.well as turning movement.

Ball joints Ball joints

Types of steeringTypes of steering

• Power steeringPower steering

• Speed sensitive steeringSpeed sensitive steering

• Four-wheel steeringFour-wheel steering

• Active four-wheel steeringActive four-wheel steering

• Crab steeringCrab steering

• Ackermann steeringAckermann steering

• Articulated steeringArticulated steering

• Rear wheel steeringRear wheel steering

• Davis steeringDavis steering

• Other types of steeringOther types of steering

Power steeringPower steering

• Helps the driver to steer by directing some of Helps the driver to steer by directing some of it’s power.it’s power.

- Hydraulic power steering- Hydraulic power steering

- Electric power steering- Electric power steering

Speed sensitive steeringSpeed sensitive steering

• The first vehicle with this feature was the The first vehicle with this feature was the “Citroen”.“Citroen”.

Four-wheel steeringFour-wheel steering

• Used to improve steering response.Used to improve steering response.

Active four-wheel steeringActive four-wheel steering

• All four wheels turn at the same time when the All four wheels turn at the same time when the driver steers.driver steers.

• Honda Prelude (1987-2000) and Honda Ascot Honda Prelude (1987-2000) and Honda Ascot Innova models (1992-1996).Innova models (1992-1996).

Production cars with active Production cars with active four-wheel steeringfour-wheel steering

• BMW 5-series (2011 onwards)BMW 5-series (2011 onwards)• Chevrolet Silverado (2002-2005) (high and low Chevrolet Silverado (2002-2005) (high and low

speed)speed)• Efini MS-9 (high and low speed)Efini MS-9 (high and low speed)• Lexus GS (2013 onwards)Lexus GS (2013 onwards)• Mazda Eunos 800 (1996-2003)Mazda Eunos 800 (1996-2003)• Mercedes-Benz Vito (London taxi variant)Mercedes-Benz Vito (London taxi variant)• Nissan Cefiro (A31) (high speed only)Nissan Cefiro (A31) (high speed only)

Crab steeringCrab steering

• It steers all the wheels in the same direction It steers all the wheels in the same direction and at the same angle.and at the same angle.

Ackermann steeringAckermann steering

• Invented by the German Carriage Builder Invented by the German Carriage Builder Georg Lankensperger in Munich in 1817.Georg Lankensperger in Munich in 1817.

Articulated steeringArticulated steering

• Four-wheel drive vehicle split into front and Four-wheel drive vehicle split into front and rear halves.rear halves.

Rear wheel steeringRear wheel steering

• It turns the rear wheeled automobile in the It turns the rear wheeled automobile in the direction opposite of how it is initially steered.direction opposite of how it is initially steered.

• Used in lift trucks , camera dollies , early pay Used in lift trucks , camera dollies , early pay loader , Buckminster fuller’s Dymaxion car and loader , Buckminster fuller’s Dymaxion car and Thrust SSCThrust SSC

Davis steeringDavis steering

• It fulfills the fundamental equation of It fulfills the fundamental equation of gearing in all the positions. gearing in all the positions.

Other types of steeringOther types of steering

• Watercraft steeringWatercraft steering• Aircraft and Hovercraft steeringAircraft and Hovercraft steering• Tunnel boring machines are steered by Tunnel boring machines are steered by

hydraulic tilting of the cutter head.hydraulic tilting of the cutter head.• Rail track vehicles are steered by curved guide Rail track vehicles are steered by curved guide

tracks , including switches and articulated tracks , including switches and articulated undercarriages.undercarriages.

• Land yachts on wheels and kite buggies are Land yachts on wheels and kite buggies are steered similarly to cars.steered similarly to cars.

Steering ratioSteering ratio

• Steering ratio is a measurement of how many Steering ratio is a measurement of how many turns of the steering wheel it takes to go from a turns of the steering wheel it takes to go from a full lock to the other full lock.full lock to the other full lock.

List of steering system List of steering system companiescompanies

• In India:In India:

- Apcom Scales (P) Ltd.- Apcom Scales (P) Ltd.

- Sharada Mechanical Engineering- Sharada Mechanical Engineering

- Sona Somic Lemforder Components Ltd.- Sona Somic Lemforder Components Ltd.

- Sivasakthi Software Solutions And Services- Sivasakthi Software Solutions And Services

• In Abroad:In Abroad:

- Bishop Steer Company , Germany- Bishop Steer Company , Germany

- Autoliv Steering Wheels , Mexico S De R L De C V- Autoliv Steering Wheels , Mexico S De R L De C V

Bishop steering companyBishop steering company

• BISHOP is a world leader in the development of BISHOP is a world leader in the development of steering systems , steering racks and components for steering systems , steering racks and components for the automobile industry. It has licensed its technology the automobile industry. It has licensed its technology to manufacturers of steering gears and components. It to manufacturers of steering gears and components. It has over 250 patents and patent applications in 17 has over 250 patents and patent applications in 17 countries as well as numerous licensees worldwide. countries as well as numerous licensees worldwide. This technology has become common from Formula 1 This technology has become common from Formula 1 race cars to standard passenger cars through to light race cars to standard passenger cars through to light truck applications.truck applications.

Thank YouThank You

Presented By:Aayush Jain