steel plants kewwords

57
BY - ANIL SHARMA , AFRICAN FOUNDERY LTD, NIGERIA

Transcript of steel plants kewwords

BY- ANIL SHARMA , AFRICAN FOUNDERY LTD,

NIGERIA

ADDITIONS

Materials, typically alloy elements, added to molten steel

to produce the chemical specifications for the desired

steel grade.

ALLOYA substance that has metallic properties and is

comprised of two or more chemical elements of which at

least one is a metal.

ALLOY STEELSteel containing one or more alloying element. Steel is

classified as alloy when the maximum content of alloying

elements exceeds one or more of the following:

manganese 1.65%, silicon 0.60%, copper 0.60%.

ALLOYING

ELEMENTSChemical elements added for improving the properties of

the finished products. Some alloying elements are:

nickel, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, and

silicon.

ANNEALINGA process involving heating and cooling, usually applied

to induce softening of steel. The term also refers to treatments intended to alter mechanical or physical

properties, produce a definite microstructure or remove gasses.

ARGON SHROUDA procedure using argon gas to shield molten steel from

oxygen as it is teemed from the ladle.

ARGON STIRRINGAn inert gas introduced through a nozzle to stir molten

steel to promote chemical and temperature

homogenization and float out inclusions.

AUSTENITEHigh-temperature solid form of steel with face-centered

cubic crystal structure.

BILLET

A semi-finished piece of steel that results from rolling

an ingot or a bloom. It may be square but is never

more than twice as wide as thick. Its cross-sectional

area is usually not more than 36 square inches.

BLOOM

A semi finished piece of steel resulting from the rolling

or forging of an ingot. A bloom is square or not more

than twice as wide as thick and usually not less than

36 square inches in cross-sectional area.

BLOOM SHEAR

A shear used to cut a rolled ingot into shorter bloom

lengths or to cut off the ends of a bloom.

BLOWHOLE

An internal cavity in steel produced by gases during

the solidification of the metal.

BREAKOUT

Liquid steel flowing through the shell of a ladle or EAF.

BRINNEL

HARDNESS

A hardness test commonly used for soft steel and metals which measures diameter of an indentation made by a

steel ball under a given load.

CARBIDEA compound of iron (or other element) and carbon in

steel, forming a very hard, nonmetallic substance (Fe3C). Fe3C is also called cementite.

CASTING

Pouring molten metal into a mold, or the metal object

(i.e., ingot) produced by such pouring.

CASTING

POWDER

A powder applied to the inside of a mold before

teeming to prevent the metal from sticking to the mold.

CHARGE

To load a furnace with scrap and flux prior to melting,

or to load a soaking pit with ingots for reheating.

CHEMISTRY

The chemical constituents of a heat of steel.

COLD WORKING

Rolling or drawing semi-finished steel products to provide higher physical properties or better surfaces

than can be produced by hot-working.

CONTINUOUS

CASTER

A machine used to continuously produce blooms from molten steel with no interruptions or intermediate

operations.

CREEPFailure of a metal caused by gradual elongation due to

constant stress.

DEOXIDIZE

Removal of oxygen from steel.

DUCTILITY

Ability to undergo permanent changes of shape without

rupturing.

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ELASTIC

DEFORMATION

Temporary distortion of a material under the action of

applied stresses.

ELECTRIC ARC

FURNACE (EAF)

A refractory-lined steel vessel used to melt steel. An

electric arc generates the heat.

ELECTRODE

A carbon (graphite) rod that carries electricity to melt

the scrap in an EAF.

FORGING

Forming hot metal in the desired shape by means of

hammering or pressing.

GRADE

Classification of steel based on carbon content or

mechanical properties.

GRAIN

Orderly arrangement of atoms or crystal structure.

Individual crystal of a microstructure.

GRINDING

Method of conditioning steel by removing surface flaws using a power-driven grinding wheel.

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HARDENABILITY

The depth and distribution of hardness below the

surface of steel.

HARDENING

The process of increasing the hardness of steel

through controlled heating and cooling.

HARDNESS

Resistance to indentation.

HEATAn individual batch of metal as it is treated in a furnace.

HEAT TREATMENTA combination of heating and cooling operations applied to a metal or alloy to obtain desired microstructure conditions or

properties.

INGOT

Steel, formerly in a molten state, transferred to an ingot

mold to solidify.

IRON

A pure metal that serves as the basis for steel, cast iron and stainless steel. Iron is relatively weak and soft when

in its pure form.

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KILLED STEELSteel that is deoxidized with a strong deoxidizing agent, such as

silicon or aluminum. Reducing the oxygen content minimizes chemical reaction between carbon and oxygen during

solidification.

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LADLEA vessel for receiving and handling liquid steel. It is

constructed of a refractory-lined steel shell.

LOW-ALLOY

STEELSteel containing up to 5% alloying elements other than

carbon.

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MARTENSITERoom temperature structure of steel formed as a result of a

rapid quench from the austenitic condition. Hard, strong, and brittle structure.

MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES

Those properties of a material that reveal the elastic

and inelastic reaction when force is applied or that

improve the relationship between stress and strain.

MICROSTRUCTUREMicroscopic structure of steel. Under a microscope, certain

elements of the solidified metal are visible (crystal structure).

MODULUS OF

ELASTICITY

A measurement of the stress-per-unit strain, an

indication of the resistance of the steel to deformation

within its elastic limit.

MOLDAn iron-casting container used to hold and cool molten

metal as it solidifies.

OXIDATION

Process in which carbon combines with oxygen to form

oxides.

PLAIN CARBON

STEEL

Iron-carbon alloys with minimal alloy content.

PLASTIC

DEFORMATION

Permanent distortion of a material under the action of

applied stresses

PULPIT

An enclosed operator's platform.

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QUENCHINGThe process of rapidly cooling the steel from a

temperature above the critical temperature.

SCRAP

Iron or steel discard, cuttings, or raw material which will

be reprocessed.

SHEAR

A machine for cutting steel products.

STRESS

The load per unit of area.

TENSILE STRENGTH

A measurement of the maximum load per unit of original area that a steel has prior to fracture.

TOUGHNESS

Ability to absorb impact energy.