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Transcript of Steel Design Course
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Steel: Green Now, Green Forever
Building with recycled materials
Steel Door Institute30200 Detroit Road
Westlake, Ohio 44145
www.steeldoor.org
Phone: 440-899-0010FAX: 440-892-1404
Email: [email protected]
Course Number:
GSD08A
An AIA Continuing Education Program
Credit for this course is 1 AIA HSW/SD CE Hour
Steel: Green Now, Green ForeverBuilding with recycled materials
GreenCE, Inc. 2012
Please note: you will need to complete the conclusion
quiz online at GreenCE.com to receive credit
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An American Institute of Architects (AIA)Continuing Education Program
Approved Promotional Statement:
GreenCE, Inc. is a registered provider with The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education System. Credit earned upon completion of this program willbe reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion are
available for all course participants upon completion of the course conclusion quiz
with +80%.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education.
As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an
approval or endorsement by the AIA or GreenCE, Inc. of any material of
construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in
any material or product.
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An American Institute of Architects (AIA)Continuing Education Program
Course Format: This is a structured, web-based course with a final exam.
Course Credit: 1 AIA Health Safety & Welfare (HSW), Sustainable Design (SD) CE
Hour
Completion Certificate: A copy is sent to you by email or you can print one uponsuccessful completion of a course. If you have any difficulties printing or receiving by
email please send requests to [email protected]
Design professionals, please remember to print or save your certificate of completion
after successfully completing a course conclusion quiz. Email confirmations will be
sent to the email address you have provided in your GreenCE.com account.
Please note: you will need to complete the conclusion
quiz online at GreenCE.com to receive credit
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Course DescriptionThis one hour course focuses on the production and recyclability of steel in
the construction industry, including the general and sustainable advantages of
building with steel. This includes a look at how specifying steel can contribute
to potential LEED credits as well as compliance with the upcoming
International Green Construction Code (IgCC) requirements.
The focus will be on steel as an infinitely recyclable material and its various
applications within the building industry. In addition, we will look at several
agencies/codes/regulations involved with sustainability and construction.
Course Description
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By completing this course, the design professional will be able to:
1. Explain basic steel production, the role of recycled steel in this process,and the environmental benefits.
2. Describe construction products made from recycled steel and theadvantages of steel construction, including doors and frames.
3. Discuss the features and applications of steel doors and frames.
4. List LEED credits available when building with steel.
5. Describe the integration of the International Green Construction Code(IGCC).
Learning Objectives
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Designers and builders
have long recognized steel
for its:
Strength
Durability
Functionality
Security
Fire protection
Weather protection
Steel Historically Recognized for:Steel Historically Recognized for:
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Additional Benefits
Recycling steel saves money while conserving energy and resources, as well as
reducing solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes. Recycling also helps to spread the
energy impact of the original extraction and manufacturing of the material overinfinite generations of new steel-based products, as steel does not lose durability or
quality through the recycling process.
The amount of recycled content in steel products varies over time, both as a function
of the cost of steel scrap and its availability.
Steel Recycling Institute, Steel Takes LEED with Recycled Content, November 2009, 680 Andersen Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15220-2700
412.922.2772 sri rec cle-steel.or
Steels recognized environmental attributes
include its infinite recyclability, long service life,
high reclamation rate, and low discard rate.
Steel construction materials are meeting the
green construction demands with sustainable
products.
Additional Benefits
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Steel is Green
Did you know that steel isAmericas most widely recycled material?
As more steel is used for construction and other products, more scrap is
available for future recycling.
At the end of a products useful life, about 88% of all steel products and
nearly 100% of structural steel beams and plates used in construction are
recycled into new products.
Steel is Green
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Objective 1
Explain basic steel production, the role of
recycled steel in this process and the
environmental benefits
Objective 1
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Virgin steel is made by applying
heat to three materials: iron ore,
limestone, and a charcoal or coal
fuel.
These elements have not
changed in the more than 4,000
years that iron has been used.
Recipe for Virgin SteelRecipe for Virgin Steel
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History of Iron Production
2500 B.C. Iron first used
1300 B.C. Iron production begins
1300 A.D. High temperature manufacture process
with charcoal fuel begins in Germany
1718 A.D. Coking coal fuel started in the U.K.
History of Iron Production
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Open Hearth furnaces are used in Russia,
China, and other parts of the world where
environmental controls are weak. No steel
is made in the U.S. with the Open Hearth
technique because of the high level of
pollution that is created.
Open hearth furnaces lack efficiency and
generate more CO2 emissions than either
of the two types of furnaces used in NorthAmerica.
Steel Production Technologies
Both the Basic Oxygen Furnace and the Electric Arc Furnace can use
old steel to make new steel, however the two manufacturing processes
vary significantly in their environmental impact.
Steel Production Technologies
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The Basic Oxygen Furnace process can
produce steel from virgin ore. It can also
use up to 35 percent old steel in
producing steel.
The major characteristic of steel slabs
produced by a Basic Oxygen Furnace is
malleability. Malleability of a metal is
defined as able to be hammered or
pressed permanently out of shape withoutbreaking or cracking.
Basic Oxygen Furnace
Malleable steel is used to fabricate products such as automotive
fenders, refrigerator encasements, and packaging like soup cans,
industrial drums or pails.
Basic Oxygen Furnace
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Electric Arc Furnace The Electric Arc Furnace is the most environmentally friendly type of
steel furnace. It can use up to 100% recycled steel to make new steel.
This furnace produces the strongest steel. It is used to fabricate
structural beams, steel plates, and reinforcing bars.
Because there is no chain of custody on steel manufactured in the US,
companies that purchase American-made steel do not know whether the
material they use has been produced by a Basic Oxygen Furnace or an
Electric Arc Furnace. However, it is important to note that North
American steel production is the most environmentally-friendly steel
produced anywhere in the world.
With the advent of the mini mill, which does not make coke as part of its
production process, 100% recycled steel is even cleaner in terms of air
pollutants.
Electric Arc Furnace
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Making steel requires a series of
successive refinements. The series
begins with cokemaking. This step
refines the fuel reactant needed to
liberate the iron from its naturally-occurring compounds. That fuel is
either refined coal or coke.
Cokemaking has historically been
the largest source of emissions of
all the processes associated with
steelmaking.
Making Steel
The second step is ironmaking, which is the extraction of the iron
from the iron ore. The extracted iron is called pig iron. The third step,
steelmaking, purifies the pig iron and creates the steel alloy.
Making Steel
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It is worth stressing that steel is
the most recycled material in the
world.
In fact, more steel is recycled
than all other materials combined
as shown in the graph on the
next slide.
Steel: The Most Recycled Material in the WorldSteel: The Most Recycled Material in the World
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www.recycle-steel.org
Estimated Tons Recycled By Material in North American
J anuary 1 to May 31, 2011Estimated Tons Recycled By Material in North American
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Today two out of every three pounds of new steel are produced from
old steel. Steel recycling has both an economic and environmental
benefit. It is less expensive to recycle steel than to mine virgin ore and
move it through the process of making new steel.
However, because steel is such a durable material the demand for
steel is greater than the amount that can be produced solely from
recycled old steel. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to mine virgin
ore to supplement the production of new steel. The good news is that
iron is the fourth most abundant element in the earths crust and, after
aluminum, the second most abundant metal.
Steel: The Most Recycled Material in the WorldSteel: The Most Recycled Material in the World
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Products made from most materials, such as plastics and paper,
degrade in the recycling process. Such products can be recycled once
or twice, but ultimately they must be discarded. Corrugated cardboard,
for example, can be recycled into new cardboard an average of seventimes before the fibers become too short for further use.
Because of the inherent durability of steel and the development of
reclamation infrastructure (that is, scrap collection and processing
facilities), steel can be recycled endlessly into new steel products.
Such a closed-loop life cycle provides significant environmental and
economic advantages.
Steel: The Most Recycled Material in the WorldSteel: The Most Recycled Material in the World
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Steel Recycling Benefits
The North American steel industry
has been recycling steel scrap for
over 170 years.
Today there are 2,500 regional
scrap steel processors and
12,500 auto dismantlers.
The energy saved by recycling
reduces the annual energyconsumption of the steel
manufacturing industry by about
75%, which is enough to power
eighteen million homes for one
year.
Steel Recycling Benefits
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Environmental Impact of Building
A typical 2,000 square foot wood frame home requires about 40
to 50 trees.
The steel frame equivalent only uses the steel fromapproximately six scrapped automobiles.
Environmental Impact of Building
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Objective 2
Describe the construction products made from
recycled steel
Describe the advantages of steel construction
materials such as doors and frames
Objective 2
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Recycled steel can be used tomake almost every type of steelconstruction product:
Steel doors/frames
Steel beams/columns
Steel studs
Steel roofing
Steel decking
Ductwork
Steel siding Corrugated steel pipe
Steel utility poles
Other steel hardwareand components
Construction ProductsConstruction Products
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Advantages of Steel Construction Products
Fire safety, security, durability and recyclability
Can contribute to LEED credits and better HVAC
performance as part of proper building envelope Complies with International Green Construction
Code (IgCC)
Steel construction products are made to exact
specifications, minimizing on-site waste Non-toxic/ no hazardous waste as with some wood
products
Steel Recycling Institute, Steel Takes LEED with Recycled Content, November 2009, 680 Andersen Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15220-2700412.922.2772 [email protected]
Advantages of Steel Construction Products
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Sustainability and Steel in ConstructionApplications
Steel offers both functional and
environmentally sustainable benefits
when used for construction.
Steel is durable, with the highest
strength-to-weight ratio of any building
material. This makes it very well-suited
for use in commercial buildings.
Sustainability and Steel in ConstructionApplications
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Sustainability and Steel in ConstructionApplications
Metal roofs with heat-deflecting coatings
and finishes can save building owners
up to 40% in heating and cooling costs.
Sustainability and Steel in ConstructionApplications
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Sustainability and Steel in ConstructionApplications
Steel is lighter than other framing
materials and saves job-site time. It
provides straight walls and squarecorners, and results in less scrap and
waste than lumber.
Builders can realize substantial
discounts on builders risk insurancewhen using steel construction materials.
Sustainability and Steel in ConstructionApplications
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Sustainability and Steel in ConstructionApplications
Newly developed grades of steel offer
significant weight savings. Bridges
constructed with the new lighter-weightsteel are less expensive to build.
Sustainability and Steel in ConstructionApplications
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Sustainability and Steel in ConstructionApplications
A utility pole made of steel is at least 30%
lighter in weight than wooden poles.
Lighter weight means reducedtransportation, handling, and construction
costs.
Additionally, steel poles do not require
toxic chemical preservative treatments,eliminating hazardous waste disposal.
Sustainability and Steel in ConstructionApplications
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Steel Doors and Frames Offer ManyConstruction Advantages
Stops the spread of flames and smoke
Secure against break-ins
Impervious to bad weather
Offer superior durability and anti-corrosion
Allow only minimal air infiltration resulting
in less energy loss between doors and
interior and exterior surfaces
Steel Doors and Frames Offer ManyConstruction Advantages
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Objective 3
Discuss the features and applications of
steel doors and frames
Objective 3
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Steel Door and Frame Superiority Steel doors are capable of holding back a fire for
3 hours.
Steel does not expand or contract with moisture
content Steel doors and frames are not vulnerable to
termites, mold, fire, wind or weather; they offer
superior protection in hurricane and tornado
shelter applications.
Steel doors and frames are factory-finished.
Factory-applied finishes emit considerably fewervolatile organic compounds (VOCs) than field-
applied coatings because the primary off gassing
occurs at the plant under controlled conditions.
Steel Door and Frame Superiority
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Steel Doors May Consist of Different CoreMaterials but All Are Recyclable
While the performance and aesthetic
characteristics of the four main steel door
cores (steel-stiffened, honeycomb,polystyrene, polyurethane) are different
from one another, all four are recyclable.
Honeycomb core doors and steel-
stiffened doors are virtually 100%
recyclable.
An architect can be assured that doors
which perform to the performance levels
outlined in the SDI standards will conform
regardless of core material.
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Objective 4
List LEED credits available when
building with steel
Objective 4
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Identifying the Players
Environmental agencies, codes and regulationsimportant to environmental standards in the U.S.:
Clean Air Act U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED)
Identifying the Players
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Clean Air Act
Federal law, passed in 1970
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also created
in 1970 to manage the Clean Air Act
Goal: reduce air pollution
Regulates air emissions from stationary and mobile
sources
Significant amendments in 1990 placed emphasis on
more cost-effective approaches to reducing air
pollution
Clean Air Act
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US Green Building Council (USGBC)
Trade organization founded in 1993
Promotes sustainability in how buildings are
designed, built, and operated
Develops and monitors LEED standards
US Green Building Council (USGBC)
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Leadership in Energy and EnvironmentalDesign (LEED)
Nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction and
operation of high performance green buildings.
Five strategy areas: sustainable site development, watersavings, energy efficiency, materials and resources selection,
indoor environmental quality
Five applicable LEED rating systems (New Construction,
Interiors, Operation and Maintenance, Neighborhoods, Homes)
Points are awarded on the basis of projects meeting established
criteria
LEED Professional accreditation is attained through GBCI
LEED
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One of the benefits of LEED is that it encourages the steel
industry to recover even more scrap as contractors improve
their recycling collection methods at the job site. The result is
the reduction in iron and steel scrap sent to landfills.
LEED encourages builders of commercial buildings and
residential housing to improve their recycling systems,
including end-use recycling.
LEED ContributionsLEED Contributions
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Steel recycling efficiency is measured by:
Percentage of recycled content
High reclamation rate
Low discard rate (industry goal is zero steel waste sent to landfills)
Steel is an exceptional performer, however the reclamation
rate of steel materials is not currently considered by LEED.
Recycled Steel and LEEDRecycled Steel and LEED
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Recycled Content - LEED Materials andResources Credit 4
Steel building products contribute toward points under LEED
Materials and Resources Credits 4.1 and 4.2.
Objective: The use of materials with recycled content such that the sum of
post-consumer recycled content plus one-half of the pre-consumer content
constitutes at least 10% (1 point) or 20% (2 points), based on cost, of the
total value of the materials in the project.
Recycled Content
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Regional Materials - LEED Materials &Resources Credit 5
Designed to encourage the use of building materials extracted and
manufactured within the region (within 500 miles) of the project
site, thereby supporting the use of indigenous resources andreducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation.
Because of the high recycling rate of steel, it cannot be traced to
its original source. For this reason, manufacturers are not in a
position to make any statement beyond the recycled content andplace of manufacture.
Regional Materials
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Objective 5
Describe the integration of
the International Green
Construction Code (IgCC)
Objective 5
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International Green Construction Code (IgCC)
Sponsored by the ICC, AIA, ASTM, ASHRAE, USGBC, and IES
Focus on commercial building design and performance with intent
to reduce negative impacts on environment and building
occupants Establishes minimum requirements related to:
Conservation of natural resources, materials, & energy
Employment of renewable energy technologies
Indoor/outdoor air quality
Operations and maintenance
International Green Construction Code (IgCC)
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International Green Construction Code (IgCC)The Code is intended to be:
Comprehensive: The IgCC applies to the construction of traditional andhigh-performance buildings, structures, and systems, including alterations,and additions.
Integrated: The IgCC has been designed to coordinate and integrate withthe health and safety features of existing I-Codes and existing ratingsystems such as LEED.
To be published March 2012
Consensus Based: ICCs open, governmental
consensus code development process ensures thatkey stakeholder voices have been heard throughoutthe process.
International Green Construction Code (IgCC)
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International Green Construction Code (IgCC)The Code is intended to be:
Adaptable: The IgCC is a model code, requiring adoption by a governingjurisdiction before it becomes law. In this way, the model language can beadapted to address local conditions.
Enforceable: The IgCC creates a regulatory framework for new andexisting buildings.
To be published March 2012
The International Green Construction Code is inthe final stages of development and will be
published in March 2012.
International Green Construction Code (IgCC)
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IgCC and Green Materials Under the code requirements of the IgCC (Public Version 2 draft), a
minimum percentage of green materials (used, recycled, recyclable, bio-
based, indigenous) must be incorporated into a building. Green materials
that qualify for more than one attribute (like steel) can be counted
multiple times.
In contrast to LEED, consideration of
recovered materials is better suited
to steel. This avoids penalizing steel
and encourages continued
development of recycling
infrastructure. Relative to the IgCC
requirements, steel may be classified
as an indigenous material.
IgCC and Green Materials
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Additional Aspects of the IgCC Applicable toSteel Products
Whole building energy efficiency Similar to LEED.
Building Service Life Plan The IgCC utilizes the design life of building
components, such as steel doors and frames, to plan for achieving thedesired service life of the building. Because steel products typically have a
long lifespan, they contribute to extending the actual life of a building.
Waste Management The draft IgCC is
currently similar to LEED in that itconsiders the percentage diversion of
waste generated, though proposed
revisions consider the additional
environmental value of using
prefabricated, minimal scrap/waste items.
Additional Aspects of the IgCC Applicable toSteel Products
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Strong
Durable
Functional
Secure
And also endlessly
recyclable
Steel is:
Steels endless recyclability, high reclamation rate and low discard rate
make an economically andenvironmentally smart choice forconstruction projects.
Steel is:
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Now, the design professional will be able to:
1. Explain basic steel production, the role of recycled steel in this process,and the environmental benefits.
2. Describe construction products made from recycled steel and theadvantages of steel construction, including doors and frames.
3. Discuss the features and applications of steel doors and frames.
4. List LEED credits available when building with steel.
5. Describe the integration of the International Green Construction Code
(IGCC).
Course Review
GreenCE, Inc. 2012
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Steel: Green Now, Green ForeverBuilding with recycled materials
Steel Door Institute
30200 Detroit Road
Westlake, Ohio 44145
www.steeldoor.org
Phone: 440-899-0010
FAX: 440-892-1404
Email: [email protected]
Course Number:
GSD08A
An AIA Continuing Education Program
Credit for this course is 1 AIA HSW/SD CE Hour
Steel: Green Now, Green ForeverBuilding with recycled materials
Please note: you will need to complete the conclusion
quiz online at GreenCE.com to receive credit