LIST OF CONTENTS

1. LPG and Flammable Gas Vessel Protection

- The Problem

- The Solution

2. Chartek Epoxy Fireproofing – Key Features

3. Chartek Epoxy Fireproofing – Application Procedure

4. Reference List

5. Standards for the protection of LPG Storage Vessels

6. Chartek Epoxy Fireproofing – Technical Data

7. Chartek Epoxy Fireproofing – Material Safety Datasheets

8. Contacts for further information

LPG and Flammable Gas Vessel Protection

The Problem Pressurised hazardous gas containing vessels, particularly LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas), are

very susceptible to fire exposure. The heat from the fire can cause the liquefied gas

contained in the vessel to boil and expand, creating sufficient pressure in the vessel resulting

in a BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion). The results of a BLEVE can be

devastating and damage caused by the resulting fireball and flying debris can be extensive.

In many countries legislation has now been passed requiring that LPG and hazardous gas

containing vessels be protected by sound methods including passive fire protection. Over

the years it has been shown that cement based fire protection materials are not the answer

due to the likelihood of corrosion forming under the cement based material which, in itself, is

a hazard which can damage the integrity of the vessel.

The Solution By combining corrosion protection and fire protection in one coating, the Chartek family of

epoxy intumescent fire protection materials provides a fully qualified system for protection of

LPG and hazardous gas vessels. Key criteria and qualification for Chartek materials include:

• A fully tested and qualified system – Chartek materials have been extensively

tested for LPG protection to various standards including BAM, Germany; GASAFE,

France and DOT, USA. In addition, Chartek materials are fully tested for structural

applications including fire protection of vessel legs and supports.

• Corrosion protection and weatherability – Chartek materials are tested to

various corrosion protection and weathering standards and by methods including

NORSOK M501 with subsequent fire test exposure. In addition, as part of both the

BAM and GASAFE programmes, Chartek materials were tested for their corrosion

protection capabilities as well as durability.

• Durability and damage resistance – Chartek has had over 25 years proven

weatherability in some of the most hostile environments globally in both onshore

and offshore locations. Chartek materials have excellent resistance to water

uptake, which is a severe restriction to a number of epoxy intumescent materials.

In addition, the physical properties of Chartek mean it is highly resistant to

mechanical damage, including explosion up to 1.5 bar overpressure.

• Resistance to spill – Chartek is resistant to low temperature spill of LPG and LNG.

It also has excellent resistance to most chemicals, acids and hydrocarbons.

• Low weight impact – having a spray applied density of only 1.0g/cc as well as

minimal installation thicknesses; the weight impact of Chartek to an LPG vessel is

minimal. As an example, on a medium-sized LPG sphere having a surface area of

500m2 the installed weight of Chartek would typically be 3000kg versus 13000kg for

a lightweight cementitious material.

• Track record – in recent years in excess of 120 LPG vessels, including spheres of

up to 25 metres in diameter, have been protected with Chartek at various

installations in Europe and elsewhere.

• Application Quality – Chartek materials are applied only by qualified application

companies fully trained by International Paint Ltd, to ensure high quality application.

Due to the aforementioned capabilities of the Chartek materials, a proven track record

and support given to Chartek by International Paint, the product continues to be a

qualified material of choice for LPG retrofit and new construction fire protection

requirements.

Chartek® and LPG Protection

Chartek fireproofing materials have over 20 years experience in protecting LPG tanks

in applications worldwide. In fact, since 1989 over 100 large LPG tanks

(diameter>12m) have been protected by Chartek in Europe (major clients include

Shell, BASF, Atochem, BP, Total, Veba, DEA, ICI, ROW, RVI, AGIP amongst others).

Legislation across the European Union, but predominantly in Germany, France and

the UK, has required that LPG operators address the fire protection of LPG tanks in

refineries, petrochemical plants and gas distribution outlets. Specification

requirements have varied from 90 minutes to 4 hours protection with varying fire heat

load requirements to cover hydrocarbon, jet fire and low heat flux conditions

(75kW/m2). International Paint Ltd have used leading fire test agencies in Germany,

France and the UK to qualify the use of Chartek for LPG protection ensuring that

Chartek has been more extensively tested than any other fireproofing material.

Chartek fireproofing is the ideal material choice for protection of LPG tanks.

In comparison to other fireproofing materials, International Paint Ltd can provide proof

that Chartek provides 100% maintenance free service with no corrosion or loss of fire

protection integrity for the design life of the plant. Chartek’s formulation has been

especially developed to make it safe, quick and easy to apply. It also has 0% VOC

and no discernable smell. In conjunction with our proprietary HK-1 fibre scrim, it is

regarded by Applicators worldwide to be the most user-friendly material on the

market. In summary, this means good aesthetics and a clean hassle free application.

For further information, a brief application procedure is attached.

In combination with the market leading Chartek product, International Paint Ltd supply

a world beating technical back-up service. From our offices in the US or UK, technical

support is available almost 24 hours a day. In combination with this, full field service

support is provided where a International Paint Ltd technical representative, fully

qualified in the application of Chartek, will visit site at regular intervals to support the

application. To back all of this up, International Paint Ltd have an extensive worldwide

network of local agents specially trained by International Paint Ltd to provide technical

and sales support in the local language.

In summary, the above shows that International Paint Ltd is working 24 hours a day to

provide the very best fireproofing solutions to the market. This is why Chartek is the

first choice of most LPG and petrochemical companies worldwide.

For more information please do not hesitate to contact us at the address detailed

above.

Chartek® - Key Features

• 100% maintenance free fireproofing system with over 20 years experience in

protecting LPG tanks worldwide

• Widely tested at renowned certification authorities worldwide including Lloyd’s

in the UK; DNV in Norway; BAM in Germany; GASAFE in France and

Underwriters Laboratory in the USA. Chartek has been specifically tested for

use with LPG at BAM, GASAFE and the HSE in the UK

• Able to provide both corrosion protection and fire protection in a single coating.

Both real time and accelerated weathering data to prove long term durability of

the system

• NORSOK M-501 testing in Norway by the major oil companies has proven that

Chartek, compared to other fireproofing materials is a lot more environmentally

resistant, does not require a topcoat to maintain its performance and has no

discernible maintenance costs attached to it during the life of the plant

• Proven jet fire capability in the widely recognised full scale jet fire test facility in

Spadeadam, Cumbria, UK

• Compatible with existing water deluge or remote water monitors. Proven ability

to withstand the erosive nature of active protection systems

• Chartek, applied at typical thickness of between 5mm and 7mm, will not

contribute a high factor of insulation in the absence of fire

• Charcast™, a castable form of Chartek, can be moulded to protect man ways,

valves, piping and wind bracing. This system will provide the same properties

of abuse resistance as spray applied Chartek. The covers can be removed and

replaced without damage

International Paint Ltd, the World’s leading supplier of thick film epoxy intumescent

coatings, provide field service to audit the quality of application. All Applicators

undergo training prior to being qualified to apply Chartek materials. International

Paint’ approach to field service is in accordance with their certification as an

ISO9001 supplier of fire protection materials

• Low added weight. For typical LPG applications the weight contribution for

Chartek will be 6.00kg/m2 compared to 34kg/m2 for conventional cementitious

fireproofing products or 7.08kg/m2 typically for alternative epoxy systems.

Chartek® Recommended Application Procedure

1. Abrasive blast clean the steel surface to Sa 2½ and apply a International Paint

Ltd approved primer system. Check with International Paint Ltd for approved

systems and recommended dft’s.

2. Apply first coat of Chartek fireproofing, typically 2-3mm for LPG protection. See

Photograph 1.

3. Trowel first coat of Chartek fireproofing to ensure surface is fully wetted out.

See Photograph 2.

4. Apply HK-1 (M)TM mesh reinforcement ensuring 50mm overlap between

adjacent strips of reinforcement. Ensure adhesion to the Chartek by lightly

rolling the HK-1 (M) into the Chartek. See Photographs 3 and 4.

5. Apply a final coat of Chartek fireproofing ensuring full mesh coverage. Lightly

roll the surface to obtain a non-dirt fast finish. See Photographs 5 and 6.

Photograph 1

Photograph 2

Photograph 3

Photograph 4

Photograph 5

Photograph 6

REFERENCE LIST

CHARTEK USE IN THE EUROPEAN LPG MARKETPLACE

To meet the growing legislative requirements for protection of LPG storage vessels, Chartek fireproofing has been tested to key European standards. Chartek is now the most extensively used passive fire protection material for LPG application in Europe. The following are some of the main installations.

COUNTRY LOCATION YEAR INSTALLATION ON

Belgium Tessenderlo Chemie 2003 2 spheres

France ESSO Gravenchon 2003 1 sphere

Germany Veba Refinery, Gelsenkirchen

2003 2 spheres

Italy Sarpom Trecate 2003 2 spheres

Italy EniChem Brindisi 2003 2 spheres

Italy EniChem Brindisi 2002 3 spheres

Switzerland Petroplus (Shell) Niederhasli

2002 Sphere legs

Belgium BRC 2001 4 spheres

Italy EniChem, Sarroch 2001 3 spheres and 2 bullets

Italy EniChem Brindisi 2001 4 spheres

Italy EniChem, Marghera 2000-2001 2 spheres

Germany Bayernoil 2000 2 spheres

Germany Elenac 2000 2 spheres

Italy Montell Terni 1999-2000 2 spheres

France Elf Atochem, Notre Dame de Gravenchon

1999 2 large bullet tanks

COUNTRY LOCATION YEAR INSTALLATION ON

Germany OMV, Burghausen 1997-1999 6 spheres

France Elf Atochem, Balan 1997-2000 3 spheres

France Elf Atochem, St

Auban

1997-2000 5 spheres

Germany Condea, Gelsenkirchen

1997 3 spheres

Germany Shell, Godorf 1996-1997 3 spheres

Germany EC Dormagen 1996-1997 20 spheres

Germany ERN, Neustadt 1995-2000 8 spheres

Germany ROW, Wesseling 1995-2000 22 large spheres

Germany ERE, Wintershall 1994-1996 8 spheres

Germany Hoechst, Ruhrchemie 1994-1996 3 spheres and 6 bullets

Germany RVI, Ingolstadt 1993-2000 14 spheres and 4 bullets

France ICI, Chocques 1992 1 large ethylene oxide sphere

UK BP Grangemouth 1992 2 large spheres

Belgium BASF, Antwerp 1991-1993 4 spheres

UK Associated Octel, Ellesmere Port

1991-1994 6 reactor vessels

Germany Ludwigshafen 1989-1994 5 spheres and 1 large bullet tank

Synopsis Chartek has been applied to over 140 spheres and structures in Europe in the last 10 years. Predominant in the success of Chartek has been the demonstrable long term track record, both in the aggressive climate of the North Sea, Middle East, Far East and United States.

Standards for the Protection of LPG Storage Vessels

Since the mid 1970’s there has been concern about fire protection pressurised storage or

transportation of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG). In the United States the National Fire

Protection Association Standard, NFPA-58-84, “Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum

Gases” recommends several methods for protection LPG storage when the aggregate of

4000 liquid gallons (15.1m3) are subject to exposure from a single fire. Among the several

methods recommended for the protection of LPG storage vessels is the use of thermal

insulation systems (passive fireproofing). NFPA-58 Standards require that the LPG storage

vessel be protected to a maximum shell temperature of 8000oF (4270oC) for 50 minutes. The

1985 edition of NFPA-58-84 establishes a test procedure in Appendix H, “Procedure for

Torch Fire and Hose Stream Testing of Thermal Insulation Systems for LP-Gas Containers”.

This test procedure is a modified version of the Department of Transportation’s Railroad Tank

Car Program, discussed below.

In the 1970’s, following a number of serious incidents involving railroad tank cars while being

used to transport LPG, the United States Department of Transportation (DoT) established a

requirement that a certain class of railroad tank car used in the transportation of LPG be

insulated. The requirement was to limit the steel shell temperature of the tank car to 8000oF

(4270oC) when exposed to a hydrocarbon pool fire for 100 minutes and an impinging LPG

‘torch fire’ for 30 minutes. The DoT sponsored a test programme and qualified several

‘fireproofing’ materials for this type of protection. International Paint’s Chartek 59 was one of

the products qualified under that program. For a number of reasons, the actual LPG tanks of

railcars used fibre insulation and an outer (second) steel shell. However, a significant

amount of fireproofing was used on the manway (safety valve and fill connections) housing

and the sub-sills (tank saddles). Chartek 59 was (and continues to be) used extensively on

railroad tank cars used in the transport of LPG.

In the early 1980’s The National LP Gas Association (an industry association in the United

States) tried to use the DoT railroad tank requirements to apply to stationary LP Gas storage

vessels. As part of this effort, Chartek 59 was tested at the DoT test facility and that test was

witnessed by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc (UL). UL issued a witness report (which was

used because there was no ‘standard’ to issue a test report). This procedure was never

accepted by the LP Gas industry nor was it ever extensively used.

The American Petroleum Institute (a hydrocarbon process industry association), in one of its

‘Operating Practices’, recommended that when LP Gas storage vessels required fireproofing

the ANSI/UL 1709 2-hour rating be used. In that the ANSI/UL 1709 is a structural rating (with

a failure temperature of 1000oF (538oC), there is no correlation between that rating and an LP

Gas storage vessel (with a failure temperature of 800oF (427oC)). The API recommended

operating practice was never widely used and has since been abandoned.