STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics Linkages of trade and structural business...

STD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation StatisticsSTD/PASS/TAGS – Trade and Globalisation Statistics

Linkages of trade and Linkages of trade and structural business structural business statisticsstatistics

OECD progress report

AgendaAgendaItem 8aItem 8aAgendaAgendaItem 8aItem 8a

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BackgroundBackground

• In the context of a globalized world economy, the demand for

detailed information about the characteristics of trade operatorscharacteristics of trade operators is

gaining more and more importance.

•Trade data by size of enterprise, broken down by sector of activity,

by export markets, and by location (e.g. region) would not only allow

analyzing trade effects on employment and value added, but also

identifying sectoral and/or regional performances.

• Such an analysis requires data from two different statistical sourcesfrom two different statistical sources:

business/industrial statistics and foreign trade statistics.

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• The usual key issue in this context is finding a common identifiercommon identifier

between business and trade registers. While the EU Member States

have shown a decent success in compiling sectoral trade statistics,

the ability of Non-EU OECD member countries to perform a linkage

exercise varies significantly between countries.

• However, the positive reactions to the OECD pilot questionnaire

from April 2005 encouraged the secretariat to head for a similar data

collection approach as Eurostat, to avoid any duplicate work and to

ensure consistency across OECD countries.

BackgroundBackground

4


IntroductionIntroduction

• Upon invitation from Statistics Canada, the 1st Meeting of the Business Business Economic Statistics and Trade (BEST) Steering GroupEconomic Statistics and Trade (BEST) Steering Group took place 19-21 June 2006 at Statistics Canada, Ottawa.

•The 1st Steering Group meeting had very fruitful discussions and decided on the terms of reference, the name of the group, the general approach in terms of methodology and the installation of an electronic discussion group.

•The next meeting of the Steering Group is scheduled to take place end 2007.

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• The project has been presented at the 2nd2nd OECD Structural Business OECD Structural Business Statistics Expert Meeting (10-11 May 2007)Statistics Expert Meeting (10-11 May 2007) and was supported by delegates.

• Also representatives from some Non-OECD countries showed interest in the project.

• Norway has already delivered results for 2003, according to OECD nomenclature.

• OECD would especially appreciate the participation from Non-EU OECD candidate countries in this exercise, but also other non-OECD countries are invited to join the project they wish so...

IntroductionIntroduction

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• A considerable number of methodological considerations and drawbacks have to be taken into account given the very different statistical systems in place in these countries. Therefore, the EDG B.E.S.TEDG B.E.S.T. will play a key role in enabling OECD and member countries to compile methodological recommendations.

• The EDGEDG has the following categories for input: – MethodologiesMethodologies (this category is pre-condition for the category

‘guidelines’),– MeetingsMeetings (meeting documents and reports of meetings),– GuidelinesGuidelines (the development of a manual, suitable for Non-EU countries

of the OECD, would be the optimum),– GlobalisationGlobalisation (this category re-groups issues from the globalisation

context which impact on the work of this group. For instance, intra-firm trade and multinationals),

– Data and IndicatorsData and Indicators (this category is intended to assemble the basic data and indicators which have been compiled through this work).

Electronic Discussion Group “B. E. S. T.”Electronic Discussion Group “B. E. S. T.”

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8



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Imports Exports

Number of foreign trade

operatorsi

Trade coverage ii (%)Number of foreign trade

operators i

Trade coverage ii (%)Number of foreign trade

operators i

Number of enterprises /

establishments iii

Trade coverage iv (%)

Total number of enterprises in Business Register:

i: as defined by the identification number. Includes only the above exemption threshold operators.ii: trade identified in the trade register, as a proportion of total trade. Total trade includes an estimation of below-thresholds trade.

Population 1 includes all trade operators above the statistical transaction threshold.Population 2 includes all trade operators from population 1 except incomplete or wrong identification codes. Population 3 includes all trade operators from population 2 that can be succesfully matched with business register.

NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's Table 1

Table I: Trade and Business Registers

Population concerned

iv: trade identified in the trade register, and matched with the BR, as a proportion of total trade. Total trade includes an estimation of below-thresholds trade

iii: as defined in the BR. For the difference between trade operator and enterprise, see the methodological introduction (annex).

1) All trade operators

2) All trade operators except

incomplete or wrong ID numbers

3) Trade operators successfully

matched with the BR

The first OECD Linkage Table (2007)The first OECD Linkage Table (2007)

This table gives an indication about the statistical relevance / significance of the results. The objective is, of course, to include a maximum of trade operators.

This table gives an indication about the statistical relevance / significance of the results. The objective is, of course, to include a maximum of trade operators.

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01 02 05 10 Etc. 99

0-9

10-49

50-249

250 or more

Unknown

Total

NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's Table 2.3a

Num

ber o

f em

ploy

ees

Table II: Number of enterprises by economic sector and employment size class

Imports ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)

Total

01 02 05 10 Etc. 99

0-9

10-49

50-249

250 or more

Unknown

Total

NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's Table 2.3b

Num

ber o

f em

ploy

ees

Table III: Trade (1000 US$) by economic sector and employment size class

Imports ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)

Total

01 02 05 10 Etc. 99

0-9

10-49

50-249

250 or more

Unknown

Total


Nu

mb

er o

f em

plo

yees

Table IV: Number of enterprises by economic sector and employment size class

Exports ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)

Total

01 02 05 10 Etc. 99

0-9

10-49

50-249

250 or more

Unknown

Total


Nu

mb

er o

f em

plo

yees

Table V: Trade (1000 US$) by economic sector and employment size class

Exports ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)

Total

For a better interpretation of the resulting sectoral trade-by-enterprise-size class tables, background information about the general structure of the enterprises in the respective country is necessary (allocation of enterprises by number of employees and sector).

For a better interpretation of the resulting sectoral trade-by-enterprise-size class tables, background information about the general structure of the enterprises in the respective country is necessary (allocation of enterprises by number of employees and sector).

The figures of these tables indicate the trade values produced by enterprise size (in terms of number of employees). The cross-tabulation by ISIC classification allows distinguishing the influence on external trade of the big / medium / small enterprises by sectors.

The figures of these tables indicate the trade values produced by enterprise size (in terms of number of employees). The cross-tabulation by ISIC classification allows distinguishing the influence on external trade of the big / medium / small enterprises by sectors.

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C-E G Others Total

Top 5 enterprises

Top 10 enterprises

Top 20 enterprises

Top 50 enterprises

Top 100 enterprises

Top 500 enterprises

Top 1000 enterprises

All enterprises

NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's Table 3.3

Table VI: Concentration of trade (1000 US$)

ImportsISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)

C-E G Others Total

Top 5 enterprises

Top 10 enterprises

Top 20 enterprises

Top 50 enterprises

Top 100 enterprises

Top 500 enterprises

Top 1000 enterprises

All enterprises

NB: Table corresponds to Eurostat's Table 3.4

Table VII: Concentration of trade (1000 US$)

ExportsISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)

These tables help to identify the degree in which the top enterprises (in terms of trade value) determine the total trade / trade by sectors of the respective country.

These tables help to identify the degree in which the top enterprises (in terms of trade value) determine the total trade / trade by sectors of the respective country.

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Imports

Partner country or zone C-E G Others Total

Belgium GermanyGreeceSpainFranceIrelandItalyLuxembourgNetherlandsAustriaPortugalFinlandDenmarkSwedenUnited KingdomEU15

Czech RepublicEstoniaCyprusLatviaLithuaniaHungaryMaltaPolandSloveniaSlovakiaNorwaySwitzerlandRomaniaBulgariaTurkeyRussiaOther European CountriesNorth AfricaOther African countries

CanadaUSANorth America

MexicoCentral America and Caribbean

MercosurSouth AmericaNear and Middle Eastern countries

JapanChinaIndiaDAEsOther Asian countries

European Union (15): Geographical zone 5110 (Eurostat nomenclature)Other European countries: Geographical zone 5190 (Eurostat nomenclature)North Africa: Geographical zone 5210 (Eurostat nomenclature)Other African countries: Geographical zone 5290 (Eurostat nomenclature)North America: Geographical zone 5310 (Eurostat nomenclature)Central America and Caribbean: Geographical zone 5320 (Eurostat nomenclature)South America: Geographical zone 5330 (Eurostat nomenclature)Near and Middle Eastern Countries: Geographical zone 5410 (Eurostat nomenclature)Other Asian countries: Geographical zone 5490 (Eurostat nomenclature)Oceania and Polar Regions : Geographical zone 5500 (Eurostat nomenclature)Countries not specified: Geographical zone 5900 (Eurostat nomenclature)Total: Geographical zone 5000 (Eurostat nomenclature)

Mercosur: Economic zone 1330 (Eurostat nomenclature)DAEs: Economic zone 1415 (Eurostat nomenclature)

Table VIII: Number of enterprises by partner zone

NACE Rev. 1.1 (section level)

Exports










Table X: Number of enterprises by partner zone

ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)

In contrary to the ‘classic view’ of foreign trade statistics (trade value by partner country) these tables concentrate on the question of how many enterprises (in which sectors) trade with which countries. In other words, it’s a look at the number of trade relations (by sectors) instead of a look at the value of trade relations.

In contrary to the ‘classic view’ of foreign trade statistics (trade value by partner country) these tables concentrate on the question of how many enterprises (in which sectors) trade with which countries. In other words, it’s a look at the number of trade relations (by sectors) instead of a look at the value of trade relations.

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Imports










Table IX: Value of trade (1000 US$) by partner zone

NACE Rev. 1.1 (section level)

Exports










Table XI: Value of trade (1000 US$) by partner zone

ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)

The ‘classic’ view towards trade values by partner countries, but broken-down by ISIC sections of the traders.

The ‘classic’ view towards trade values by partner countries, but broken-down by ISIC sections of the traders.


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C-E G Others Total1 partner country2 partner countries3 partner countries4-5 partner countries6-7 partner countries8-10 partner countries11-13 partner countries14+ partner countriesUnknownTotal


ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)Imports

Nu

mb

er

of

par

tner

co

un

trie

s

Table XII: Number of enterprises according to number of partner countries



ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)Imports

Nu

mb

er

of

pa

rtn

er

cou

ntr

ies

Table XIII: Value of trade (1000 US$) according to number of partner countries



ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)Exports

Nu

mb

er o

f p

artn

er

cou

ntr

ies

Table XIV: Number of enterprises according to number of partner countries



ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)Exports

Nu

mb

er o

f p

artn

er

cou

ntr

ies

Table XV: Value of trade (1000 US$) according to number of partner countries

These tables show the degrees of (geographic) diversification by sectors in terms of number of partner countries and number of enterprises.

These tables show the degrees of (geographic) diversification by sectors in terms of number of partner countries and number of enterprises.


These tables show the degrees of (geographic) diversification by sectors in terms of number of partner countries and value of trade.

These tables show the degrees of (geographic) diversification by sectors in terms of number of partner countries and value of trade.

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01 02 05 10 Etc. 99

01

02

03

04

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

51

CP

C 1

.0 (

2-d

igit

le

ve

l)

Table XVI: Trade (1000 US$) by commodity and economic activity

Imports TotalISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)

01 02 05 10 Etc. 99

01

02

03

04

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

41

42

43

44

45

46

47CP

C 1

.0 (

2-d

igit

le

ve

l)

Table XVII: Trade (1000 US$) by commodity and economic activity

ISIC Rev.3.1 (2-digit level)Exports Total


Detailed cross-tabulation tables by CPC 1.0 (2-digit-level) and ISIC 3.1 (2-digit-level).

Detailed cross-tabulation tables by CPC 1.0 (2-digit-level) and ISIC 3.1 (2-digit-level).

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Some results: NorwaySome results: NorwayNorway:

Concentration of exports (%), by ISIC Sectors, 2003

57

65

71

79

85

9799

16

26

39

59

72

9296

38

53

68

80

88

97 99

48

5560

69

76

9296

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 500 Top 100 Top 500 Top 1000

% o

f to

tal e

xp

ort

s

C-E

G

Others

Total

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Some results: NorwaySome results: NorwayNumber of enterprises according to number of partner

countries (exports), in % of total enterprises, 2003

39

169 11

6 6 310

54

179 9

4 3 2 2

68

146 5 3 2 1 2

54

168 8

4 3 2 4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1 pa

rtner

coun

try

2 pa

rtner

coun

tries

3 pa

rtner

coun

tries

4-5 p

artn

er co

untrie

s

6-7 p

artn

er co

untrie

s

8-10

par

tner c

ountr

ies

11-1

3 pa

rtner

coun

tries

14+

partn

er cou

ntries

% o

f to

tal

ente

rpri

ses

C-E

G

Others

Total

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Some results: NorwaySome results: NorwayValue of trade according to number of partner countries (exports),

in % of total trade, 2003

1 1 1 3 28 9

75

4 2 37 9 11 8

56

27

612

3 4 3 5

40

3 1 2 3 38 9

71

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1 pa

rtner

coun

try

2 pa

rtner

coun

tries

3 pa

rtner

coun

tries

4-5 p

artne

r cou

ntrie

s

6-7 p

artne

r cou

ntrie

s

8-10

par

tner

coun

tries

11-1

3 pa

rtner

cou

ntrie

s

14+

partn

er c

ountr

ies

% o

f to

tal

tra

de

C-E

G

Others

Total

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• The process of building up a new database on trade by enterprise

characteristics has been put into motion now with the sending out of the first

version of the OECD Linkage Table.

• The next step consists in filling these out as much as possible by countries,

identifying barriers to do so and clarifying concepts and definitions. This first

stocktaking and initial combining of data is the obligatory first step before

proceeding further. There is nothing OECD can do in this respect without the

active participation of countries.

• OECD has created the Electronic Discussion Group “B.E.S.T.” to provide a one-

stop-address for this work for collaborating countries. Both countries and OECD

can now provide inputs; this is the immediate task for preparing the next

meeting. The first inputs (methodology, data collection tables) have been

provided, and the EDG is in the process of being populated.

The road aheadThe road ahead

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The road ahead The road ahead [ctd][ctd]

• Step-by-step, cleared concepts and definitions should be compiled in a pilot

recommendations manual for adoption by countries. It seems advisable to

make the recommendations sufficiently broad so that they can be also applied

by other countries, for instance the Big 5 Non-Member countries of OECD.

• After results from the first data collection will be available, OECD will set up (in

close cooperation with Eurostat) a first set of OECD tables from the linkage

exercise.

• A 2nd B.E.S.T. meeting is scheduled to take place towards end 2007 to allow

the United States to sufficiently advance in their work. It will be important to

assess best practice and core requirements to proceed further.

• A periodic review is planned to ensure that the project remains on track and is

providing pertinent results.

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Delegates are invited to:Delegates are invited to:

• Comment on the project and -eventually- voice interest in active participation.

• Non-EU countries are invited to comment on their possibility to compile data according to the standard table framework provided and flag scope for co-operation with OECD.

• Comment on the project and -eventually- voice interest in active participation.

• Non-EU countries are invited to comment on their possibility to compile data according to the standard table framework provided and flag scope for co-operation with OECD.

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