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Status of the Physics Analysis
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STATUS OF THE PHYSICS ANALYSISV. BlackmoreMICE Project Board29th April, 2014
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Contents• Organisation• Analysis ‘philosophy’• Current topics• Conclusion of Step I analyses• Preparation for Step IV
• MPB recommendations• Summary
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Organisation Analyses
MICE Collaboration
Beamline Simulation Manager
J. Pasternak (Imperial)
Production Manager
[…]
Configuration Manager
R. Bayes (Glasgow)
Physics Co-ordinator
V. Blackmore (JAI/Oxford)
Generation of MC data & reconstruction of
data
Calibration constants and experimental
configurations
Derivation of beamline settings for
operations
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ANALYSIS ‘PHILOSOPHY’
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Analysis ‘Framework’A full and definitive exploration of the ionisation cooling equation
Proof that we can predict it + proof that we can measure it
, depends on D2 selection
Depends on material
Depends on magnetic latticeDepends on upstream beam line (mostly diffuser)
𝑑𝜀𝑑𝑠
=−𝜀𝑛𝛽2𝐸 ⟨ 𝑑𝐸𝑑𝑋 ⟩+ 𝛽𝑡 (13.6 MeV)2
2 𝛽3𝐸𝑚𝜇 𝑋 0
Depends on particle species backgrounds!
+ RF, an additional requirement for other facilities, + canonical angular momentum, +...
Multiple scattering
Ionisation Cooling
Measure a change in emittance
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CURRENT TOPICS• Conclusion of Step I physics analyses• Preparation for Step IV
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Step I Analyses• Step I results published in
EPJC (October 2013)• Identified discrepancy in
dispersion between positive beam line simulation and data• Simulation of upstream beam
line uses G4Beamline• Resolved with precise
modelling of beam line
• Characterised beams are a valuable resource for Step IV analyses
• Implementation of a “realistic beam library” as input to MAUS simulations
J. Nugent, V. Blackmore
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Step I Analyses: EMR Commissioning• Clear distinction between particle types over full momentum
range
• Identified by range in EMR and deposited charge
• EMR implemented in MAUS
• Publication in progress
MuonsPionsElectrons
R. Asfandiyarov, F. Drielsma
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Total Deposited Charge
Range measurement
Preliminary
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Step I Analysis: Pion Contamination
• Identify proportions of pions in muon beams using time-of-flight and charge deposited in the KL
• Required implementation of KL detector in MAUS (completed)
• Publication drafted and nearing conclusion
J. Nugent, D. OrestanoPreliminary
Arb
itra
ry U
nit
s
KL ADC product count
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STEP IV ANALYSES
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MICE Step IV
Liquid hydrogen
SS1 SS2FCCKOVs
EMR
TOF0 TOF1 TOF2 KL
Diffuser
Tracker planes
7.5—8m
• One absorber• No RF, no restoration of longitudinal momentum• Aim: Demonstrate ionisation cooling without re-acceleration
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Field Mapping
T at mm
T at mm
Field increased by shielding plate
Field decreased by shielding plate
Example plot from field mapping of the upstream Spectrometer Solenoid with and
without the iron shielding plate
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To tracker and cooling channel
V. Blackmore, M. Leonova
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De-rating Step IV• FC1 has just reached baseline (200MeV/) current. Could we use it
in Step IV?• Require an operational ‘overhead’ of approximately 11%
• Accounts for the influence of Spectrometer Solenoids• “De-rate” the FC by this amount, see what happens.
• Baseline Step IV simulations, MeV/, expect 4.8% reduction in emittance T. Carlisle
Absorber centre
4.8%
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(3, 140) (3, 200) (3, 240)
(6, 140) (6, 200) (6, 240)
(10, 140)
(10, 200)
(10, 240)
(3, 140) (3, 200) (3, 240)
(6, 140) (6, 200) (6, 240)
(10, 140)
(10, 200)
(10, 240)
De-rating Step IV• Step IV will explore a 3x3x… matrix
of input emittance, momentum and -function at the centre of the absorber
• Begin with linear optics and look for matched solutions with the de-rated FC
• Large available parameter space!
C. Rogers
(3, 140) (3, 200) (3, 240)
(6, 140) (6, 200) (6, 240)
(10, 140)
(10, 200)
(10, 240)
(3, 140) (3, 200) (3, 240)
(6, 140) (6, 200) (6, 240)
(10, 140)
(10, 200)
(10, 240)mm
mm𝛽=…𝛽=¿
“Baseline” matrix element
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Focus Coil: 188 A
Focus Coil: 165 A
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De-rating Step IV On-axis field (T) (mm) (mm)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
(mm
)
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
(m)
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
(T)
• Very easy to de-rate the focus coil with our linear optics tool
• Start with nominal coil, mm, MeV/
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V. Blackmore
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De-rating Step IV On-axis field (T) (mm) (mm)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
(mm
)
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
(m)
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
(T)
• Very easy to de-rate the focus coil with our linear optics tool
• Start with nominal coil, mm, MeV/
• Add 35cm LH2 (will lose 10MeV)
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V. Blackmore
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De-rating Step IV• Very easy to de-
rate the focus coil with our linear optics tool
• Start with nominal coil, mm, MeV/
• Add 35cm LH2 (will lose 10MeV)
• Rematch upstream to MeV/
On-axis field (T) (mm) (mm)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
(mm
)
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
(m)
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
(T)
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V. Blackmore
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De-rating Step IV• Very easy to de-
rate the focus coil with our linear optics tool
• Start with nominal coil, mm, MeV/
• Add 35cm LH2 (will lose 10MeV)
• Rematch upstream to MeV/
• Tune downstream match coils
On-axis field (T) (mm) (mm)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
(mm
)
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
(m)
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
(T)
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V. Blackmore
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De-rating Step IV On-axis field (T) (mm) (mm)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
(m
m)
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
(m)
6.2
6
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
5
(mm
)
• Approx. 5% emittance reduction
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V. Blackmore
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De-rating Step IV On-axis field (T) (mm) (mm)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
(m
m)
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
(m)
6.2
6
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
5
(mm
)
• Approx. 5% emittance reduction
• Next, de-rate focus coil only (188A 165A)
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V. Blackmore
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De-rating Step IV On-axis field (T) (mm) (mm)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
(m
m)
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
(m)
6.2
6
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
5
(mm
)
• Approx. 5% emittance reduction
• Next, de-rate focus coil only (188A 165A)
• Rematch with downstream match coils. • Emittance
reduction ~ 4.2%
• increased to 50cm
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V. Blackmore
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De-rating Step IV• Approx. 5%
emittance reduction
• Next, de-rate focus coil only (188A 165A)
• Rematch with downstream match coils. • Emittance
reduction ~ 4.2%
• increased to 50cm
• Retune upstream and downstream match coils
• Emittance reduction and restored.
On-axis field (T) (mm) (mm)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
(m
m)
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
(m)
6.2
6
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
5
(mm
)
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V. Blackmore
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De-rating Step IV
• Linear optics gives us confidence that we could use FC1 in Step IV, but…
• Cannot have • Does not include all
material (inc. aperture sizes)
• Does not include dispersion
• Does not include measurement resolution
• Cannot account for non-linear effects
• Solution: A full Monte Carlo simulation using MAUS, with reconstructed muon tracks
Upstream SS(& tracker)
Downstream SS(& tracker)
AFC
𝑧
mm, absorber centremm,
1st tracker plane (upstream)mm, 5th tracker plane (upstream)
mm
mm
Step IV simulated geometry with (annotated) approximate positions of first and last tracker
planes in the upstream and downstream Spectrometer Solenoids.
J. Pasternak, J-B. Lagrange, C. Hunt
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De-rating Step IV
Initial assumptions:• MeV • mm• MeV
Take coil currents from matched linear optics solution (without absorber)• lost in absorber causes
mismatch• Retune downstream
currents (M1 and M2 only)• causes additional
mismatch that must be tuned.
Preliminary
-function after detuning FC1 and retuning downstream lattice. Achieved cm at the centre
of the absorber (baseline is 42cm)
The following analysis is in progress, and all plots are highly preliminary.
J. Pasternak, J-B. Lagrange, C. Hunt
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De-rating Step IV
5%
Preliminary
Tracker reference planes
• Peak-to-peak emittance reduction of 5%
• Trackers reconstruct emittance at tracker reference planes (red)
• Emittance reduction at intersection ~ 3%
• Reconstructed emittance is under study.
• causes emittance growth
J. Pasternak, J-B. Lagrange, C. Hunt
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De-rating Step IV
17%
• Compare with a previous Step VI study (full cooling channel)• Cooling seen with real muons (i.e. muons measured in Step I)• Selected by withMeV, no other selection criteria• Momentum spread causes mismatch in -function• Emittance decreases (non-flat steps) expected (or better) cooling
performance
Diffuser
Diffuser
causes mismatch causes growth
V. Blackmore
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RECOMMENDATIONS• Consider the impact of a pessimistic long-term funding scenario that requires MICE
operations to cease at Step IV or V.
• Identify the maximum scientific achievements that could be made in Step IV, in comparison to Step VI.
• Following the good work done on establishing the criteria for the successful conclusion of Step IV, the project now needs to focus on looking at how to decide for Step V versus Step VI as it no longer looks like going to V and then VI sequentially is the most optimum option (this is not critical at this point but that decision point and the science trade-offs needs to be continually borne in mind by the project and the funding agencies)
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RECOMMENDATIONS1. Consider the impact of a pessimistic long-term funding scenario that requires MICE
operations to cease at Step IV or V.
2. Identify the maximum scientific achievements that could be made in Step IV, in comparison to Step VI.
3. Following the good work done on establishing the criteria for the successful conclusion of Step IV, the project now needs to focus on looking at how to decide for Step V versus Step VI as it no longer looks like going to V and then VI sequentially is the most optimum option (this is not critical at this point but that decision point and the science trade-offs needs to be continually borne in mind by the project and the funding agencies)
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MICE Steps
Step V
Step VI
RFCC
Step IV
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The MICE Physics Program
Step
Result Type Dependencies
IV 1. First demonstration of ionisation cooling
Essential
--
2. Measurement of ionisation cooling with LH2 and LiH absorbers
Core 1.
3. Initial study of factors affecting performance of ionisation cooling lattices
Optimal
1, 2
4. Initial study of emittance exchange in an ionisation cooling lattice
Optimal
1, 2
V 5. First demonstration of ionisation cooling with re-acceleration
Essential
1
6. Measurement of transverse emittance reduction and longitudinal emittance preservation in an ionisation cooling lattice
Core 1, 2
7. Study of factors affecting the performance of ionisation cooling lattices
Core 1, 2, (3)
8. Management of canonical angular momentum in an ionisation cooling lattice
Optimal
1, (3), 5, (6, 7)
VI 9. Detailed study of the optics of ionisation cooling lattices
Core 1, 2, (3), 5, (6, 7, 8, 9)
Definition of terms:
Essential: This result must be measured for MICE to achieve its goals. It cannot be delayed until a later Step.
Core: A critical result that could be delayed until a later Step given careful planning.
Optimal: An important result that could be better explored in a later Step.
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Step
Result Type Dependencies
IV 1. First demonstration of ionisation cooling
Essential
--
2. Measurement of ionisation cooling with LH2 and LiH absorbers
Core 1.
3. Initial study of factors affecting performance of ionisation cooling lattices
Optimal
1, 2
4. Initial study of emittance exchange in an ionisation cooling lattice
Optimal
1, 2
V* 5. First demonstration of ionisation cooling with re-acceleration
Essential
1
6. Measurement of transverse emittance reduction and longitudinal emittance preservation in an ionisation cooling lattice
Core 1, 2
7. Study of factors affecting the performance of ionisation cooling lattices
Core 1, 2, (3)
8. Management of canonical angular momentum in an ionisation cooling lattice
Optimal
1, (3), 5, (6, 7)
VI 9. Detailed study of the optics of ionisation cooling lattices
Core 1, 2, (3), (6, 7, 9)
Definition of terms:
Essential: This result must be measured for MICE to achieve its goals. It cannot be delayed until a later Step.
Core: A critical result that could be delayed until a later Step given careful planning.
Optimal: An important result that could be better explored in a later Step.
The MICE Physics Program
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RECOMMENDATIONS1. Consider the impact of a pessimistic long-term funding scenario that requires MICE
operations to cease at Step IV or V.
2. Identify the maximum scientific achievements that could be made in Step IV, in comparison to Step VI.
3. Following the good work done on establishing the criteria for the successful conclusion of Step IV, the project now needs to focus on looking at how to decide for Step V versus Step VI as it no longer looks like going to V and then VI sequentially is the most optimum option (this is not critical at this point but that decision point and the science trade-offs needs to be continually borne in mind by the project and the funding agencies)
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Step V or Step VI?
Step
Result Type Dependencies
IV 1. First demonstration of ionisation cooling
Essential
--
2. Measurement of ionisation cooling with LH2 and LiH absorbers
Core 1.
3. Initial study of factors affecting performance of ionisation cooling lattices
Optimal
1, 2
4. Initial study of emittance exchange in an ionisation cooling lattice
Optimal
1, 2
V* 5. First demonstration of ionisation cooling with re-acceleration
Essential
1
6. Measurement of transverse emittance reduction and longitudinal emittance preservation in an ionisation cooling lattice
Core 1, 2
7. Study of factors affecting the performance of ionisation cooling lattices
Core 1, 2, (3)
8. Management of canonical angular momentum in an ionisation cooling lattice
Optimal
1, (3), 5, (6, 7)
VI 9. Detailed study of the optics of ionisation cooling lattices
Core 1, 2, (3), (6, 7, 9)
Both Step V and Step VI demonstration ionisation cooling with reacceleration.
Step V:
• 1 RFCC module• 2 absorbers• ½ lattice• 0—2 field flips
Step VI:
• 2 RFCC modules• 3 absorbers• Full lattice• 0—3 field flips
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Step V or Step VI?
Both Step V and Step VI demonstration ionisation cooling with reacceleration.
Step V:
• 1 RFCC module• 2 absorbers• ½ lattice• 0—2 field flips
Step VI:
• 2 RFCC modules• 3 absorbers• Full lattice• 0—3 field flips
Step Flips Absorbers RF
IV 1 1 0 ~5%
V 2 2 1 ~10%
VI 3 3 2 ~15%
𝑑𝜀𝑑𝑠
=−𝜀𝑛𝛽2𝐸 ⟨ 𝑑𝐸𝑑𝑋 ⟩+ 𝛽𝑡 (13.6 MeV)2
2 𝛽3𝐸𝑚𝜇 𝑋 0
Depends on material
Depends on magnetic lattice
Pick the Step that exploits these parameters best.
+Canonical angular momentum (field flips)
+Stabilisation of longitudinal phase space
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SUMMARY
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Summary• Step I physics analyses drawing to a close
• Provides useful input to Step IV analyses
• Use data to tune beam line for Step IV
• Step IV analyses in progress
• Field mapping of magnets
• Alignment & systematic error studies in progress
• Other analyses planned/beginning, exploiting “cooling formula” framework
• De-rated Step IV analyses progressing
• Could use FC1 in Step IV
• Requires understanding the reconstructed emittance
• Next steps: Compare with “ideal” FC, improve matching to lattice, use ‘measured’ Step I beam
• Step V/VI question approached via simulation and linear optics
• Mantra: Simulate twice, measure once.
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